Over the past few years, many synthetic (ethinylestradiol) and natural (estradiol,estriol, estrone) compounds present in the environment have been affecting the hormonalbalance of humans and animals. Steroid hormones are very often used for medical purposesand have high estrogenic activity what makes them endocrine disrupters. Most hormonalcompounds are released into the water as a result of their incomplete removal in wastewatertreatment plants or as runoff from soils.In order to know the fate of these pollutants in the environment and exposure of human andanimal to hormones it becomes necessary to monitor their level in different types of water (e.g.wastewater, river water, tap water). There is a need for selective and highly sensitive analyticalmethods due to the presence of hormones at very low concentration levels. The mostcommonly used is solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled withtandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The aim of this study was to determine five hormones: estrone, estradiol, estriol, 17α-etinyloestradiol and progesterone in environmental water samples using SPE-LC-MS/MS.
Authors
Additional information
- Category
- Publikacja monograficzna
- Type
- rozdział, artykuł w książce - dziele zbiorowym /podręczniku w języku o zasięgu międzynarodowym
- Language
- angielski
- Publication year
- 2012
