Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide towards electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in the public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in the public service. More specifically, this paper covers a state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification, and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with focus on the Baltic Sea Region.
Authors
- Jaagup Ainsalu,
- Ville Arffman,
- Mauro Bellone,
- Maximilian Ellner,
- Taina Haapamäki,
- Noora Haavisto,
- Ebba Josefson,
- Azat Ismailogullari,
- Eetu Pilli-sihvola,
- Olav Madland,
- Raitis Madzulaitis,
- Jaanus Muur,
- Sami Mäkinen,
- Ville Nousiainen,
- Eetu Rutanen,
- Sami Sahala,
- Boris Schønfeldt,
- dr inż. arch. Piotr Marek Smolnicki link open in new tab ,
- Ralf-Martin Soe,
- Juha Sääski,
- Magdalena Szymańska,
- Ingar Vaskinn,
- Milla Åman
Additional information
- DOI
- Digital Object Identifier link open in new tab 10.20944/preprints201807.0218.v2
- Category
- Publikacja w czasopiśmie
- Type
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Language
- angielski
- Publication year
- 2018
Source: MOSTWiedzy.pl - publication "State of the Art of Automated Buses" link open in new tab