2017 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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The impact of the overhead line's power supply system spatial differentiation on the energy consumption of trolleybus transport: planning and economic aspects
- Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk
- Marcin Połom
2017 Full text Transport
Nowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest, which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing of the transmission losses in supply system or by the improving of the usage of the regenerative breaking. The spatial differentiation of the energy supply system of public transport is one of the elements, which has significant impact on the energy consumption. Paper presents the theoretical analysis of the impact of supply system topology on the energy consumption and extensive measurement analysis realized in Gdynia (Poland) trolleybus system.
The impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on surface water of small endorheic wetlands
- Wojciech Staszek
- Żaneta Polkowska
- Aleksandra Dubiella-Jackowska
- Jacek Barańczuk
2017 Full text Limnological Review
The paper presents the results of the impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on small endorheic catchment basins. Particular attention was paid to pollution discharged from the road to the surface water, as well as changes in hydrological conditions in the vicinity of the road. In the study, surface water samples were analysed in terms of their electrolytic conductivity, pH and content of major minerals. GIS was also used to study transformation of local catchment areas as a result of the road construction, determining their relevance to local conditions of drainage. Moreover, the main directions of transformation of surface waters of the small endorheic wetlands caused by runoff water from the ring road were discovered. Research results have shown a strong influence of the road functioning on surface water properties and changesin hydrological conditions of the studied catchment basins.
The impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of Japanese industrial sectors: A further study
- Ubaidillah Zuhdi
2017 Full text Journal of Physics : Conference Series
The purpose of the current study is to expand the previous studies which analyze the impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of industrial sectors of a specific country. More specifically, the study conducts the analysis regarding the impacts on the total outputs of Japanese industries. The study employs a demand-pull Input-Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation tools in the IO analysis. The study focuses on thirteen industries. There are two scenarios used in this study, namely exports and imports modifications. The "whole sector change" condition is considered in the calculations. An initial period in this study is 2011. The results show that the positive impacts on the total outputs of focused sectors are delivered by scenario 1, the change of exports. On the contrary, the negative impacts are distributed by scenario 2, the modification of imports. The suggestions for improving the total outputs of discussed sectors are based on the results.
The impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of Japanese industrial sectors: A further study
- Ubaidillah Zuhdi
2017 Full text Journal of Physics : Conference Series
The purpose of the current study is to expand the previous studies which analyze the impacts of final demands changes on the total outputs of industrial sectors of a specific country. More specifically, the study conducts the analysis regarding the impacts on the total outputs of Japanese industries. The study employs a demand-pull Input-Output (IO) quantity model, one of the calculation tools in the IO analysis. The study focuses on thirteen industries. There are two scenarios used in this study, namely exports and imports modifications. The “whole sector change” condition is considered in the calculations. An initial period in this study is 2011. The results show that the positive impacts on the total outputs of focused sectors are delivered by scenario 1, the change of exports. On the contrary, the negative impacts are distributed by scenario 2, the modification of imports. The suggestions for improving the total outputs of discussed sectors are based on the results.
The influence of ammonia and selcted amines on the characteristics of calcium carbonate precipitated from calcium chloride solutions via carbonation
- Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
- Barbara Kościelska
- Jakub Karczewski
- Anna Gołąbiewska
- Anna Golabiewska
2017 MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
The precipitation of calcium carbonate was carried out by passing a gasous mixture of carbon dioxide and air into a calcium chloride solution. The selected compounds enhancing carbon dioxide absorption were used as additives which promote the formation of carbonate ions in the solution. The additives were ammonia, monoethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine. The resulting calcium carbonate particles varied in polymorphic composition and the particle size depending on the used absorption promoter.
The Influence of Binding Agents on Stiffness of Mineral-cement-emulsion Mixtures
- Bohdan Dołżycki
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Cezary Szydłowski
2017 Full text Procedia Engineering
This paper attempts to determine the behavior of mineral-cement-emulsion mixture (MCE) under load, whether is it similar to asphalt mixtures (viscoelastic behavior) or to cement treated materials (elastic behavior). To answer this question nine mineral- cement-emulsion mixtures with different combinations of cement and emulsion content were tested in laboratory using Simple Performance Test (SPT). For each mixture stiffness moduli and phase angles were assessed for three different temperatures (4, 20 and 40 deg. C) and 9 load frequencies. Conducted tests revealed complex behavior of mineral-cement-emulsion mixes, which is intermediate between elastic and viscoelastic. Opposite combinations of cement and emulsion content showed either more elastic or more viscoelastic behavior. This article presents stiffness moduli and phase angles determined for all 9 mixtures and analysis of this results. The increase of cement content leaded to more elastic behavior (higher values of stiffness moduli and lower values of phase angles) and increase of emulsion content leaded to more viscoelastic behavior (lower values of stiffness moduli and higher values of phase angles). Nonetheless mineral-cement-emulsions mixtures showed more viscoelastic behavior, as their properties change significantly with the change of temperature, but their behavior is not as viscous as in asphalt concrete, as their maximum phase angle is much lower than typical for asphalt concrete.
The Influence of Calcium Glycerophosphate (GPCa) Modifier on Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Biological Performance of Polyurethanes Applicable as Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds Fabrication
- Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
- Iga Gubańska
- Marcin Kostrzewa
- Damian Włodarczyk
- Jakub Karczewski
- Helena Janik
2017 Full text Polymers
In this paper we describe the synthesis of poly(ester ether urethane)s (PEEURs) by using selected raw materials to reach a biocompatible polyurethane (PU) for biomedical applications. PEEURs were synthesized by using aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), α,ω-dihydroxy(ethylene-butylene adipate) (Polios), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as a chain extender and calcium glycerolphosphate salt (GPCa) as a modifier used to stimulate bone tissue regeneration. The obtained unmodified (PURs) and modified with GPCa (PURs-M) PEEURs were studied by various techniques. It was confirmed that urethane prepolymer reacts with GPCa modifier. Further analysis of the obtained PURs and PURs-M by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy revealed the chemical composition typical for PUs by the confirmed presence of urethane bonds. Moreover, the FTIR and Raman spectra indicated that GPCa was incorporated into the main PU chain at least at one-side. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the PURs-M surface was in good agreement with the FTIR and Raman analysis due to the fact that inclusions were observed only at 20% of its surface, which were related to the non-reacted GPCa enclosed in the PUR matrix as filler. Further studies of hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, short term-interactions, and calcification study lead to the final conclusion that the obtained PURs-M may by suitable candidate material for further scaffold fabrication. Scaffolds were prepared by the solvent casting/particulate leaching technique (SC/PL) combined with thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS). Such porous scaffolds had satisfactory pore sizes (36–100 μm) and porosity (77–82%) so as to be considered as suitable templates for bone tissue regeneration.
The influence of crude glycerol and castor oil-based polyol on the structure and performance of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams
- Aleksander Hejna
- Mikelis Kirpluks
- Paulina Kosmela
- Ugis Cabulis
- Józef Haponiuk
- Łukasz Piszczyk
2017 Full text INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
In this work, biopolyol obtained from two types of industrial crops’ processing products: crude glycerol and castor oil was used for preparation or rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams. Bio-based polyol was obtained via crude glycerol polymerization and further condensation of resulting polyglycerol with castor oil. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt.%) of petrochemical polyol with synthesized bio-based polyol. Influence of the biopolyol content on the chemical and cellular structure, insulation properties, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal degradation and fire behavior of foams was investigated. Incorporation of crude glycerol-based polyol into formulation of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams had beneficial impact on the structure of material reducing average cell size from 372 to 275 m and increasing closed cell content from 94.0 to 95.7%. Such changes resulted in 7% decrease of thermal conductivity coefficient to 21.8 mW/(m K). Mechanical performance of foams was enhanced by partial substitution of petrochemical polyol with synthesized biopolyol. Compressive strength of modified foam was more than 90% higher than for reference sample. The modifications of foams caused changes in thermal degradation pathway, nevertheless thermal stability of the reference foam was maintained. Incorporation of crude glycerol-based polyol into foams’ formulation decreased maximum value of heat release rate by 3.5%, increased char residue after combustion by 24% and reduced emission of toxic carbon monoxide during burning of foam by 35%.
THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSING ARRANGEMENT AND INTERFERENCE ON PRELOAD AND THEORETICAL LIFETIME OF A SYSTEM OF TAPER ROLLER BEARINGS OF A HIGH SPEED SHAFT OF A WIND TURBINE GEARBOX
- Bartosz Bastian
- Rafał Gawarkiewicz
- Michał Wasilczuk
2017 Full text TRIBOLOGIA
A system of two taper roller bearings can carry loads with a high ratio of axial load to radial load. Such a system was proposed for a wind turbine gearbox following the poor durability of original bearing design with the aim of increasing durability. Because of size limits, a proposed system is composed of two different taper roller bearings. Standard manufacturers’ catalogues do not provide information on recommended preload or clearance conditions or the durability as a function of pre-load. That was the reason why durability was calculated on the basis of software provided by one of the manufacturers. The analysis presented in the paper shows the relationship between bearing fits, preload values, and the theoretical durability of the bearing.
The influence of plant protection by effective microorganisms on the content of bioactive phytochemicals in apples
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Anna Lewandowska
- Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
2017 Full text JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
The phytochemicals of two apple cultivars (Yellow Transparent and Early Geneva) protected in two ways, conventionally with chemical pesticides or by effective microorganisms (EM), were compared. Two types of components were determined: lipids synthesised constitutively and generated via inducible pathways polyphenols along with antioxidant activity and profiles. The antioxidant activities assessed with ABTS, DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu reagents were about two-fold higher in the case of microbiologically protected apples. The qualitative composition of phenolics determined by LC-DAD-MS varied between cultivars and the part of apples studied, while the method of protection caused mainly differences in concentration of some groups of polyphenols (hydroxycinnamates, flavanols, dihydrochalcones, flavonols, anthocyanins). The apples from biological cultivation contained about 34–54% more phenolics than these from a conventional orchard. In contrast, lipid composition did not differ significantly between apples originating from conventional and bio-crops. The results indicate that the advantage of using the EM technology in agriculture may not only be the reduction of consumption of chemical fertilisers and synthetic pesticides, but also, at least in the case of apples, may lead to the production of crops with improved health quality due to the higher content of bioactive phytochemicals.
The influence of rubber recyclate morphology on the properties of rubber-asphalt composite
- Maciej Sienkiewicz
- Helena Janik
- Kaja Borzędowska-Labuda
- Szarlota Konkel
2017
In the paper wastes, mostly in the form of used tires, were analyzed. One of the methods of waste tires application use them as a modifier of asphalt. However, the properties of rubber-asphalt composites depend on the morphology of waste tiregranulate and kind of tire recycled (car/truck). In this chapter, the influence of grinding methods of waste tire on the prop¬erties of rubber-asphalt composites were studied. SEM analysis indicates that waste tire granulate obtained using granulator with flat-die granulation process has a higher specific surface area. In this case the higher quality of the rubber-asphalt composite may be achieved
The influence of settable parameters of switching gasoline/LPG on exhaust toxic emissions
- Zbigniew Kneba
- Jan Wajs
- Karol Tyszkowski
- Sylwester Bieńkowski
2017 Full text Combustion Engines
The main objective of the studies shown in the paper was to develop a proper strategy for settable parameters of ECU to decrease total emission of toxic components in composition of exhaust during a cold start phase. The experimental research has been performed for engine running at idle and for engine running on the chassis dynamometer (performing European Driving Test NEDC).
The influence of the drying process on the deformation of the beech and oak wood samples
- Aleksandra Konopka
- Jacek Barański
- Tatiana Vilkovská
- Ivan Klement
2017 Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology
The influence of the drying process conditions on the deformation of the beech and oak wood. The results of the deformation of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak wood (Quercus robur) after drying process are presented. The drying process was carried out in the same drying schedule for each wood species. During each of schedules 40 pieces of wood were dried. The samples were divided into two groups. The first group of tested wood (30 pieces) was dried under a uniform distributed load of 40 kg, while the second group was dried without load (10 samples). These specimens were selected taking into consideration different angle of the growth rings (radial and tangential), containing tension wood. Subsequently findings show that lamellas drying under load had much less deformation of the cup, bow and twist type in comparison to lamellas dried without load. Cracks that have occurred in dried lamellas proved to be comparable in the case of drying under and without load.
The influence of water and mineral oil on volumetric losses in a hydraulic motor
- Paweł Śliwiński
2017 Full text Polish Maritime Research
In this paper volumetric losses in hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and comparison. The experimental tests were conducted using an innovative hydraulic satellite motor, that is dedicated to work with different liquid, including water. The sources of leaks in this motor are characterized and described also. On this basis, a mathematical model of volumetric losses and model of effective rotational speed have been developed and presented. The results of calculation of volumetric losses according to the model are compared with the results of experiment. It was found that the difference is not more than 20%. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that this model well describes in both the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with water and oil. Experimental studies have shown that the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with water are even three times greater than the volumetric losses in the motor supplied with oil. It has been shown, that in small constant stream of water the speed of the motor is reduced even by half in comparison of speed of motor supplied with the same stream of oil.
The influences of the information and communication technology on the structural changes of Japanese energy sectors from 1985 through 2005: a statistical analysis
- Ubaidillah Zuhdi
2017 International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development
The purpose of this study is to analyse the influences of information and communication technology (ICT) on the structural changes of Japanese energy sectors from 1985-2005. In this study, ICT is represented by two explanatory variables, namely: 1) computers, main parts and accessories; 2) telecommunications equipment. We employ a statistical tool in investigating the influences quantitatively, namely constrained multivariate regression (CMR) model. Likelihood ratio test (LRT) method is applied in order to test the statistical significance of estimators in the fitted model. In this study, we focus on: 1) coal mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas; 2) petroleum refinery products; 3) coal products sectors. We then conduct the deeper analysis, the microscopic analysis, for each analysed sector. The results show that the explanatory variables gave the significant influences on the structural changes of analysed sectors during the period of the analysis. Besides, the results also describe that, in microscopic investigation, ICT instruments had a strong influence on the relationship between analysed and other sectors during 1985-2005.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN STEEL COLUMN CHORD AND CLOSELY SPACED REINFORCEMENT.
- Patryk Deniziak
- Elżbieta Urbańska-Galewska
- Małgorzata Gordziej-Zagórowska
2017
Nowadays, more often than before, civil engineering designers are willing to use steel build-up members composed of single or doubled cold-formed chords interconnected using different mechanical connectors. This paper subject is an analysis of cooperation of a closely spaced built-up cold-formed chord interconnected with series of bolts that are located along the length of the member in a specific spacing. This distance along the length of the compressed member is a variable parameter of this project analysis. In order to perform natural scale experimental studies a model of a laboratory station has been designed and a build-up compression element was prepared. The numerical model of the closely spaced built-up member consists of shell elements. Computer FEM analyses including contact between elements and geometrical imperfections have been carried out. The influence of bolt series distance on element interaction nature is being studied.
The issues of participation in didactics of design. Case studies
- Dorota Wojtowicz-Jankowska
- Anna Górka
- Robert Idem
2017
This article seeks to present and assess the usefulness of didactic methods aimed at preparing future architects for their role in the process of social participation. The article focuses on [a] a general overview of selected participation methods and tools, along with the examples of their application in the context of spatial management in Poland; [b] an overview of teaching methods used with a view to enhancing participation - as applied by the authors in didactics of architectural design; [c] assessment of the expected outcomes of socialised approach to teaching architects. The increasing scale of environmental problems renders it necessary to increase the social control of the changes and participation of the space users in the decision-making process. The solution lies in the change of the paradigm of architectural design and an increased significance of the social dimension in architecture and urban planning. Participation constitutes an important element of the aforesaid transformation of the approach. It means inclusion of the space users in the design decision-making process. Development of participation entails the change of the architect’s role. Under the new circumstances he does not act solely in the capacity of the expert - he becomes an adviser and a negotiator. That, in turn, requires a responsible, socially-oriented and pro-environmental attitude, as well as negotiation skills. The competence of a professional - designer and planner acting as an intermediary between the institutional system of spatial management and investors - should also consist in dissemination of knowledge in professional and social circles. The above arguments constitute new challenges in the area of teaching architectural and urban planning design. They imply the need to implement participation methods and tools in academic teaching, which is at the core of the change of social attitudes.
The LaPdIn 4 indide and elementary properties of the LaTIn 4 ( T = Ni, Pd, Pt) materials family
- Elizabeth M. Carnicom
- Weiwei Xie
- Elizabeth Seibel
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- R.j. Cava
2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
The indium-rich intermetallic compound LaPdIn4 is reported, prepared by arc-melting and annealing at 600 C. Single crystal X-ray diffraction found the material to be orthorhombic, space group Cmcm (No. 63), with lattice parameters a ¼ 4.5462(3) Å, b ¼ 16.9208(10) Å, and c ¼ 7.3100(5) Å. This previously unreported indide is isostructural with LaNiIn4 and LaPtIn4. It is demonstrated that all three compounds in the LaTIn4 (T ¼ Ni, Pd, Pt) family display metallic behavior with resistivity values between 20 and 30 mU-cm at 250 K. In addition, temperature and field-dependent magnetization measurements between 2 and 250 K show all to be weak paramagnets or diamagnets, with very small amounts of spin-bearing impurities present. The field-dependent magnetization showed evidence of de Haas-van Alphen quantum oscillations in the Pd and Pt containing compounds near applied fields of 5 T.
The lemniscate knowledge flow model
- Paweł Weichbroth
- Kamil Brodnicki
2017 Full text Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
Knowledge is seen as one of the main resources for organizations providing knowledge-intensive services. Therefore, sharing and reusing are the main goals of modern knowledge management (KM) approach, driven by information and communication technologies (ICT). However, one can ask for the details in order to provide means and tools to design and deploy environment able to fulfil these two goals. We observed that occurred interactions on knowledge resources can be reduced to a directional flow, and further described by distinguished internal phases. In our research we put forward two research questions: (1) what are the main entities in the knowledge flow supported by ICT? and (2) what are the main phases of the knowledge flow? In this paper we introduce the generic leminiscate knowledge flow model, which grounded on the recognized theory, learned principles and gathered practices, provides foundations to solve the above problem.
The life cycle cost of a building from the point of view of environmental criteria of selecting the most beneficial offer in the area of competitive tendering
- Beata Grzyl
- Emilia Miszewska
- Magdalena Apollo
2017 Full text
The article analyses environmental and ecological criteria of selecting the most beneficial offer in the aspect of LCC. Construction works contracts and the potential method of defining the above criteria, among others, is pondered on (for example by the recommendation of a material, which is supposed to be used, a ban on substances that are harmful for human health as well for the environment). In the relation to the above, it is necessary to define technical parameters that have an impact on the environment, for example the level of pollution and noise emission, electricity and water consumption, or stating the minimal involvement of a processed ingredient. In addition the article presents also an account of the life cycle cost of a building from the point of view of environmental criteria constituting an element of selecting the most beneficial offer in the area of competitive tendering.