2017 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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The Thin-Layer Microchromatography (μTLC) and TLC–FID Technique as a New Methodology in the Study of Lubricating Oils
- Paulina Nowak
- Judyta Kosińska
- Marta Glinka
- Marian Antoni Kamiński
2017 JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
This paper concerns the possibility of using TLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID) and micro-TLC (μTLC) as precursors for microfluidized devices of analytical techniques to identify and determine the presence and content of the petroleum/vegetable oil base in the lubricating oils applied in cutting devices (chainsaws). This research is related to the problem of ensuring, in compliance with the requirements of environmental protection, a sufficient level of biodegradability of lubricating oils emitted to the environment during operation of equipment lubricated with these oils. Such oils include those mainly used in cutting devices and emitted in the form of a mist into the environment during the operation of those devices. When oil components are eco-toxic, contamination of the environment occurs. New methodologies for the identification and determination of the petroleum oil base, which is very difficult to biodegrade, as well as the easily biodegradable ingredients of vegetable origin in the lubricating oils, are presented. The described procedures indicate in an indisputable way whether the oil contains the oil base originating from crude oil and whether it contains adequate enriching additives. The procedures also allow the assessment of the content of particular groups of constituents (μTLC) or the determination of the group composition (TLC–FID).
The Third Sector in the Universities’ Third Mission
- Anna M. Kola
- Krzysztof Leja
2017
The interactions between the today’s university and its environment, as part of the university’s social responsibility, have been subject to many scientific papers. Their authors typically focus on interdependencies between universities, the state and the market. What is lacking are publications related to the interactions between universities and third sector organisations, and more broadly – a civil society, that may play an important role in shaping the relations between a university and its social environment. The aim of this work is an attempt to fill this research gap, as ignoring the importance of these relations results in the society treating the university instrumentally. The text consists of four parts. The first one presents some background for forming the relationships between academic institutions and their social environment as well as scenarios for advancement of the institutions, developed by international organisations. In the second part the authors develop and support the thesis that including interactions with the non-governmental sector into the third mission, in its traditional meaning, will have a positive impact on building social capital, the importance of which is presently underestimated. In the paper there are arguments in favour of extending the third mission of the university to include the social environment, i.e. organisations of different types, active within the 3rd sector. The third part of the article consists of analyses discussing the justifiability of such an approach to the role played by universities, as illustrated with examples of good practice from Poland. The examples that were chosen not only show the mechanism of cooperation with a university, but also the social context of its activity in a given country. The authors believe that it is the context that decides about what forms, if any, of pro-social activity shall shape the Academia and co-exist with it. In the summary the authors provide some recommendations that, once adopted, may contribute to enriching the universities’ third mission, regarded as improving and strengthening of the relationship between the university and the third sector.
The trajectories of the financial crisis of companies at risk of bankruptcy
- Tomasz Korol
2017 International Journal of Management and Applied Science (IJMAS)
This article concerns the assessment of the trajectory of the collapse of enterprises in Central Europe. The author has developed a model of a Kohonen artificial neural network. This model was used to determine 6 different classes of risk and was allowed to graphically determine the 5- to 10-year trajectory of going bankrupt. The study used data on 140 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This population was divided into learning and testing samples. For each company analyzed, the author has calculated a set of 15 financial ratios for the period of 15 years before the bankruptcy. In the literature, this is one of the first studies on bankruptcy over a long period of time.
The treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceuticals in microcosm constructed wetlands: the occurrence of integrons (int1–2) and associated resistance genes (sul1–3, qacEΔ1)
- Monika Nowrotek
- Ewa Kotlarska
- Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Ewa Felis
- Adam Sochacki
- Korneliusz Miksch
2017 Full text ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and other genetic elements as antiseptic resistance gene (qacEΔ1) and class 1 and class 2 integrons (int1–2) in the upper layer of substrate and in the effluent of microcosm constructed wetlands (CWs) treating artificial wastewater containing diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The bacteria in the substrate and in the effluents were equipped with the sul1–2, int1, and qacEΔ1 resistance determinants, which were introduced into the CW system during inoculation with activated sludge and with the soil attached to the rhizosphere of potted seedlings of Phalaris arundinacea Picta roots (int1). By comparing the occurrence of the resistance determinants in the upper substrate layer and the effluent, it can be stated that they neither were lost nor emerged along the flow path. The implications of the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the effluent may entail a risk of antibiotic resistance being spread in the receiving environment. Additionally, transformation products of SMX were determined. According to the obtained results, four (potential) SMX transformation products were identified. Two major metabolites of SMX, 2,3,5-trihydroxy-SMX and 3,5-dihydroxy-SMX, indicated that SMX may be partly oxidized during the treatment. The remaining two SMX transformation products (hydroxyglutathionyl-SMX and glutathionyl-SMX) are conjugates with glutathione, which suggests the ability of CW bacterial community to degrade SMX and resist antimicrobial stress.
The Urbanity Phenomenon – Tradition and New Cultural Iterations
- Małgorzata Dymnicka
2017
Cities that have managed to survive and rebuild lost urbanity do not close themselves towards new forms that are largely generated by culture. People are increasingly organized around common, local goals. They want to live in cities that open themselves up to differences, with culture as a tool for the revitalization of urbanity. Flexible management methods, tailored to the context and new needs, are therefore emphasized. Nowadays, the landmarks of modern urbanity include not only a place in its physicality, but also a sense of being in unity, expressed in sharing ideas, demonstrating similar sentiments and living in similar ways.
The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater
- Katarzyna Skrzypiec
- Magdalena Gajewska
2017 Full text Journal of Water and Land Development
Constructed wetlands are characterized by specific conditions enabling simultaneous various physical and biochemical processes. This is the result of specific environment for the growth of microorganisms and hydro-phytes (aquatic and semiaquatic plants) which are capable of living in aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions. Their interaction contributes to the intensification of oxidation and reduction responsible for the removal and retention of pollutants. These processes are supported by sorption, sedimentation and assimilation. Thanks to these advantages, treatment wetland systems have been used in communal management for over 50 years. In recent years, thanks to its advantages, low operational costs and high removal efficiency, there is growing interest in the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment or pre-treatment of various types of industrial wastewater. The study analyzes current use of these facilities for the treatment of industrial wastewater in the world. The conditions of use and efficiency of pollutants removal from readily and slowly biodegradable wastewater, with special emphasis on specific and characteristic pollutants of particular industries were presented. The use of subsurface horizontal flow beds for the treatment of industrial wastewater, among others from crude oil processing, paper production, food industry including wineries and distillery, olive oil production and coffee processing was described. In Poland constructed wetlands are used for the treatment of sewage and sludge from milk processing in pilot scale or for dewatering of sewage sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment plant treating domestic sewage with approximately 40% share of wastewater from dairy and fish industry. In all cases, constructed wetlands provided an appropriate level of treatment and in addition the so-called ecosystem service.
The use of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) in bridges as a favourable solution for the environment
- Artur Żyjewski
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Łukasz Pyrzowski
2017 Full text
The purpose of this article is to show the modern engineering, in which sustainability and taking care of ecology play a significant role. The authors are focused on FRP composite materials and their applications in civil engineering. Case studies showing renovation and design of new bridges with the use of FRP are presented and discussed to clarify benefits, which this solution provides. Main advantages of FRP materials in comparison with traditional ones, like concrete or steel are showed. The environmental impact of composites is described with respect to all life cycle of a product. Furthermore, some forms of waste management are covered. Last part of the paper refers to scientific description of the pedestrian bridge made of FRP, which was realized under the Fobridge research grant. The group of researchers headed by professor Chróścielewski from Gdansk University of Technology has developed a design solution of the pedestrian bridge manufactured in one production cycle. Moreover, the footbridge construction contains a significant share of a recyclable material commonly called PET. The article contains main characteristics of the structure and production process based on the resin infusion.
THE USE OF GREEN LOGISTICS ELEMENTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF OFFSHORE VESSELS
- Radosław Drozd
- Marcin Kisielewski
2017 Full text Transport Economics and Logistics
The article is aimed at the presentation referring to the use of green logistics elements during the construction of the offshore vessels in the following aspects: collection, removal and utilisation of any waste that is harmful for natural environment, elimination of the negative impact that such waste can have on natural environment and the search for the optimal solutions as regards these aspects.
The use of mathematical models for diagnosis of activated sludge systems in WWTP
- Jakub Drewnowski
- Marcin Zmarzły
2017 Full text E3S Web of Conferences
In this study diagnosis of activated sludge systems in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Diagnosis of technical objects can be realized in many ways. One of the divisions of the diagnostic methods include modelling with or without a model of the object. The first of these is the analysis of the symptoms for which, based on the parameter values, the abnormality in the diagnosed objects are sought. Another way is to use models of objects undergoing diagnosis. In this case, the diagnosis comes down to a comparison of information from the response object model or the estimated parameters of the model with data from the real object. The aim of this study was to evaluate an innovative concept of the possible use the mathematical model and computer simulation in the diagnosis and control of activated sludge systems in WWTP.
The Use of Sensory Analysis Techniques to Assess the Quality of Indoor Air
- Paulina Kolasińska
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Jacek Gębicki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2017 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
The quality of indoor air is one of the significant elements that influences people's well-being and health inside buildings. Emissions of pollutants, which may cause odor nuisance, are the main reason for people's complaints regarding the quality of indoor air. As a result, it is necessary to perform tests aimed at identifying the sources of odors inside buildings. The article contains basic information on the characteristics of the sources of indoor air pollution and the influence of the odor detection threshold on people's health and comfort. An attempt was also made to classify and use sensory analysis techniques to perform tests of the quality of indoor air, which would enable identification of sensory experience and would allow for indication of the degree of their intensity.
THE USE OF THE Ti-13Zr-13Nb ALLOY POWDER FOR MANUFACTURING OF PROSTHETIC PARTS BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING
- Tomasz Seramak
- Katarzyna Zasińska
- Andrzej Zieliński
2017 Journal of Basic and Applied Research International
The 3D printing is a manufacturing technique belonging to the additive methods able to prepare the designed parts for various purposes. The present reasearch was aimed to fabricate the prosthetic foundations and bridges made of the new Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy by the selective laser melting (SLM) of a metal powder. The scanning electron examinations and micro scanning tomography were used to investigate the surface quality and intrinsic structure of obtained elements. The best results, observed imperfections and the determinants of the quality process are discussed.
Theoretical analysis of a new approach to order determination for a modified Prony method in swath mapping application
- Piotr Grall
- Jacek Marszal
2017 Full text HYDROACOUSTICS
This article presents a new approach to determine the model order (number of principal components) in the modified Prony method applied to swath acoustic mapping. Determination of the number of principal components is a crucial step in the modified Prony method. In the proposed approach the model order is chosen based on the underlying physical model of the underwater acoustic environment, and utilised signal processing operations. This data-driven approach, attempts to make use of all available information to assess the number of signals arriving at the receiver using pipeline processing in lieu of iterative processing.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PROGRESSIVE TAXATION
- Piotr Kasprzak
2017
The following article describes and discusses the theoretical aspects of taxation including its functions, mechanisms and in particular income taxes and progression system. The author analysed the literature both historical and modern to research the topic. The idea of progressive taxation has been present in modern tax system for several ages together with its positive and negative consequences. The article summarises with several conclusions about the described topic of progressive taxation.
Theoretical Assessment of Excited State Gradients and Resonance Raman Intensities for the Azobenzene Molecule
- Magdalena Staniszewska
- Stephan Kupfer
- Marta Łabuda
- Julien Guthmuller
2017 Full text Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
The ground state geometries and vibrational frequencies as well as the excitation energies and excited state gradients of the S 1(nπ*) and S 2(ππ * ) states of trans - and cis -azobenzene are investigated by several DFT methods, namely B3LYP, PBE, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, and ω B97X. Excited state properties and in particular gradients are also assessed using the wave function based methods EOM-CCSD and RASPT2/RASSCF. Comparison with experimental data shows that the B3LYP functional gives the most accurate results for the ground state geometry and vibrational frequencies. The analysis of the vertical excitation energies reveals that the RASPT2 approach provides the most accurate excitation energies with deviations of the order of 0.1 eV. Among the TDDFT methods, the CAM-B3LYP functional shows the best performance on the excitation energies. By assessing the excited state gradients with respect to the reference RASPT2 data, the most accurate gradients are obtained with B3LYP, whereas other functionals as well as the EOM-CCSD and RASSCF calculations give less consistent results. Overall, despite the tendency of B3LYP to underestimate the excitation energies, this functional provides the most balanced description of both ground and excited state properties for both isomers of azobenzene in the Franck − Condon region.
Theoretical calculation of the physico-chemical properties of 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium based ionic liquids
- Artur Giełdoń
- Maciej Bobrowski
- Aleksandra Bielicka-giełdoń
- Cezary Czaplewski
2017 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
ACCEPTED MAIonic liquids (ILs) have attracted much attention for their unique physicochemical properties, which can be designed as needed by altering the ion combinations. Besides experimental work, numerous computational studies have been concerned with prediction of physical properties of ILs. The results of molecular dynamics simulations of ILs depend strongly on the proper force field parameterization. Classical force fields and the force fields designed specifically for ILs have been found to yield diffusion coefficients, that are too low for the liquid state. This has been attributed to the lack of electronic polarizability in the most force fields. One simple solution to this problem has been uniform by scaling down of the partial charges of all ions. In this work we investigated the influence of the charge scaling, the size of the simulated system and the temperature factor on calculated density, radial distribution function and the diffusion coefficients of the cation and anion of two methylpyridinium based ionic liquids: 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([b4mpy][BF4]) and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride ([b4mpy][Cl]). We show that the parameterization is the key for a proper reproduction of the diffusion coefficient and as a consequence the melting temperature and ionic conductivity. We were also able to get some structural informations on the cation-anion relationships in the investigated ILs.
Theoretical consideration of free convective heat transfer from a round isothermal plate slightly inclined from the vertical
- Sergey Leble
- Witold Lewandowski
2017 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
A semi-analytical solution of simplified Navier-Stokes and Fourier-Kirchhoff equations describing free convective heat transfer from a round isothermal surface slightly inclined from the vertical is presented. The solution is based on the assumption, typical for natural convection, that the velocity component normal to the surface is negligibly small in comparison to the tangential one. Next we neglect the nonlinear inertia force term, but more real mass continuity is taken into account in control volume approach. This assumption do not permit to use stream function. The results for a vertical round plate in the form of the boundary layer thickness and mean Nusselt number are obtained in explicit form. They are in good agreement with literature solutions for vertical rectangular or square plates. The correction function to the Nusselt number for inclined plate is obtained in the analytical integral form that is calculated numerically and compared with the experimental values. Analysis of the results for the correction function is proportional to tana, hence heat transfer intensifies for a positive inclination. The solution analysis also suggests extreme heat transfer at some angle for a given range of Rayleigh numbers
Theoretical Model of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water
- Eugeniusz Kozaczka
- Grażyna Grelowska
2017 Full text Polish Maritime Research
The work is devoted to the propagation of low frequency waves in a shallow sea. As a source of acoustic waves, underwater disturbances generated by ships were adopted. A specific feature of the propagation of acoustic waves in shallow water is the proximity of boundaries of the limiting media characterised by different impedance properties, which affects the acoustic field coming from a source situated in the water layer “ deformed” by different phenomena. The acoustic field distribution in the real shallow sea is affected not only by multiple reflections, but also by stochastic changes in the free surface shape, and statistical changes in the seabed shape and impedance. The paper discusses fundamental problems of modal sound propagation in the water layer over different types of bottom sediments. The basic task in this case was to determine the acoustic pressure level as a function of distance and depth. The results of the conducted investigation can be useful in indirect determination of the type of bottom
Thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes modified with L-ascorbic acid
- Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
- Iga Gubańska
- Maciej Sienkiewicz
2017 Full text JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
In this study we report the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes modified with ascorbic acid (AA). Ascorbic acid was used as a modifier at concentration of 1 or 2 mass%. The antioxidative properties of AA may improve the biocompatibility of the obtained materials, which were designed for biomedical applications. In this paper we describe characterization of obtained unmodified and ascorbic acid modified polyurethanes with the use of following methods: dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests including tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasive resistance, and hardness. Results of performed studies suggests that synthesized polyurethane materials may be suitable candidates for biomedical applications such as tissue scaffolds or implants, where required tensile strength is in the range of 1–14 MPa and elongation at break is approximately in the range of 100–380 %.
Thermal degradation assessment of canola and olive oil using ultra-fast gas chromatography coupled with chemometrics
- Tomasz Majchrzak
- Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Anna Różańska
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Jacek Gębicki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2017 Full text MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE
Oil blending is often used to enhance the properties of vegetable oils. The admixture of a more thermally stable oil makes the resulting blend more suitable for use in frying. A new method of quality assessment of vegetable oils used in frying is presented in this paper. In this method, ultra-fast gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector and chemometrics is employed. Principal component analysis was used for data processing. The results obtained with this method were compared with the results of the Rancimat test and sensory evaluation. It is demonstrated that the addition of olive oil improves the stability of rapeseed oil, and also changes its flavour and aroma profile. In addition, it was found that ultra-fast GC coupled with chemometrics is an effective tool for the assessment of the quality of edible oils. The proposed method does not require sample preparation, and the total time of analysis is less than 2 min.
Thermal stabilization and permanent deformation resistance of LWA/PCM-modified asphalt road surfaces
- Michał Ryms
- Hubert Denda
- Piotr Jaskuła
2017 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
This paper presents the results of attempts at reducing the problem of solar overheating of asphalt road pavement surfaces, resulting in weakening and accelerated destruction of the aforementioned structures. To protect pavement surfaces against periodic overheating, standard asphalt mixture AC 16 W 35/50, used for binder course, has been modified by replacing one of the aggregate fractions from the mineral mixture with lightweight aggregate (LWA) soaked in phase-change material (PCM). This modified asphalt mixture, placed under the thin standard asphalt wearing course without any modification (no LWA and no PCM), serves as a temperature and permanent deformation stabilizer of the asphalt surface layer. To ensure maintaining the highest possible resistance to permanent deformation the newly design asphalt mixture has been verified with the rutting tests. Two different asphalt packet layers have been tested. First the configuration contained only the binder course and the second test configuration -double-layered ones – comprised of binder course covered by thin wearing course. To verify the correctness of conclusions drawn from theoretical thermal considerations, experimental temperature simulation tests were conducted under laboratory conditions on two asphalt specimens with dimensions of 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.10 m. The first one, standard AC 16 W 35/50, served as reference specimen, while the second one, PCM AC 16 W 35/50 containing LWA with PCM (LWA/PCM), was tested. In both cases a binder course was covered by a wearing course from stone mastics asphalt SMA without LWA/PCM. The simulations have confirmed that 3% wt. addition of PCM, in relation to the weight of the asphalt mixture for binder course, reaches a reduction in surface temperature of about 4°C in moderate laboratory conditions, within the tested temperature range between 30 and 60°C.