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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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  • FORMY INTERNACJONALIZACJI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW. WYNIKI BADAŃ EMPIRYCZNYCH Z KAZACHSTANU
    • Inna Suchkova
    2017 Full text Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

    Celem artykułu jest systematyzacja głównych form internacjonalizacji kazachstańskich przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przedstawiono również instrumenty internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw takie jak eksport pośredni, eksport bezpośredni, eksport kooperacyjny, transakcje montażowe, kontrakty menedżerskie, inwestycje pod klucz, poddostawy, licencjonowanie, franszyza, międzynarodowe sojusze kooperacje, oddziały zagraniczne oraz spółki. Przeanalizowano udział tych form w działalności międzynarodowej przedsiębiorstw z obszaru Republiki Kazachstanu. Uwzględniono kierunki ekspansji międzynarodowej dzieląc je na kraje wchodzące w skład Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej, kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, kraje Unii Europejskiej oraz pozostałe. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z udziałem 108 firm – eksporterów znajdujących się w Republice Kazachstanu.

  • Fortifications of Hel Peninsula in Poland – history, preservation and contemporary adaptation.
    • Arkadiusz Woźniakowski
    • Jakub Szczepański
    • Robert Hirsch
    2017

    The Hel Peninsula fortifications are one of the largest and most interesting historic coastal fortification complexes in Poland. Built from the 1930s until demilitarisation at the end of the Cold War, they are now one of the biggest tourist attractions of the region. The article attempts to describe the history of their development, current state and selected problems related to their protection and adaptation for touristic purposes. This case-study shows that creating tourist attractions based on military heritage demands specific conditions and actions in order to be successful. It also appears that various problems related with twentieth century fortifications, especially from the Cold War era, are still waiting to be solved. The main conclusion is the need for complex studies and protection of historical fortifications in a broader context which can be obtained by creating a cultural park – a form of heritage registry in Poland protecting the cultural landscape.

  • FPGA implementation of the multiplication operation in multiple-precision arithmetic
    • Kamil Rudnicki
    • Tomasz Stefański
    2017 Full text

    Although standard 32/64-bit arithmetic is sufficient to solve most of the scientific-computing problems, there are still problems that require higher numerical precision. Multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA) libraries are software tools for emulation of computations in a user-defined precision. However, availability of a reconfigurable cards based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in computing systems allows one to implement MPA algorithms in hardware. Whereas addition and subtraction operations of two n-digit numbers require O(n) operations, the basecase multiplication is equivalent to the convolution computation that requires O(n2) operations. Therefore, an efficient implementation of the multiplication operation is crucial for application of the reconfigurable hardware in MPA computations. In this contribution, our implementation of the base case-multiplication algorithm in MPA on FPGA is presented. The method is implemented using the very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) and benchmarked on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. In the developed implementation of the MPA multiplication, the multiplication of two integer 1024-bit numbers (2048-bit numbers) takes 205 nsec (819 nsec) with the use of 40 DSP modules. It gives two-fold speedup in comparison to the reference results published in the literature. The developed digital circuit of the MPA multiplier works with integer numbers of precision varying in the range between 16 bits and 32 kbits. Such a scalability allows one to use the developed method not only in scientific computing, but also in embedded systems employing encryption based on MPA.

  • Fragmentation of Hydrographic Big Data Into Subsets During Reduction Process
    • Marta Wlodarczyk-Sielicka
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    2017

    The article presented problems of fragmentation of hydrographic big data into smaller subsets during reduction process. Data reduction is a processing of reduce the value of the data set, in order to make them easier and more effective for the goals of the analysis. The main aim of authors is to create new reduction method. The article presented the first stage of this method – fragmentation of bathymetric data into subsets. It consists of two steps: initial division of the area into a grid of squares and clustering using artificial neural networks. In the first step maximum level of division of the grid will be founded and its size will be determined. In the second step of fragmentation each square will be divided into clusters using Kohonen network. The experiments were performed on test areas with different slope of the bottom. The results and conclusion were presented.

  • Framework for gamification of specialized subjects within engineering studies
    • Patryk Ziółkowski
    2017

    Gamification is a relatively new term forged along with the occurrence of new information technology, especially easy access to internet and smartphones. Gamification is a use of game mechanics, to modify the behavior of people in non-games situations to increase the involvement of individuals. The method is based on the pleasure that comes from overcoming the obstacles to reach next achievable level, which consists of challenges, competition, and cooperation. Gamification can engage people in activities which from bird's eye view might seem as boring, complicated or unattractive. Individual elements of game mechanics borrowed among the others from computer role-play games serves to the user as motivation factors. Game mechanics is constructed with some of the following features: Status, a system of skill levels and badges, raising their status in the specific community. Competition, a system of rivalry and challenges, both personal and groups. Achievements, a system of levels of difficulty, progress bars, rankings, and self-improvement, which allows constantly overcoming possible challenges. The sense of community and the possibility of contact with other people with similar needs and interests and the possibility of self-expression by forums, emails. Altruism, a system of exchange of virtual objects and points. A sense of threat felt by the user itself or a group to which he belongs. Loss aversion, which occurs as a result of rapid progress achievements at the beginning of the game, giving participants a sense of creating a virtual existence which is hard to abandon later on. The authors present a framework for a gamification which might be used in engineering studies. In a contrary to other university level studies, engineering subjects are not easy to handle and explained in a simple way, often involves physics, mathematic, mechanics issues. The biggest challenge is to impose a complicated matter of engineering problems into the game process. An exemplary smartphone application has been considered and described along with the suitable game scenario solution. The framework applied into the game might be used as a template for further studies.

  • Framing the Temporal Dimensions of a Brand
    • Federico Brunetti
    • Ilenia Confente
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Hans Ruediger Kaufmann
    2017

    Drawing on existing research dealing with time in brand and brand management, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive and coherent framework of some time-related concepts, with a special emphasis on what happens when a brand reaches the senescence stage. In addition, it strives to consider what happens when a brand becomes long-lived enough, looking at the brand’s customer base. While undoubtedly time affects customers’ age and generations, the demand side of the brand-customer relationship is actually under-researched. Finally, a research agenda is developed, in order to improve what is currently known about such an important but neglected topic as the effects that the passing of time has both on the brand and on the consumers it addresses to.

  • Frequency and time domain characteristics of digital control of electric vehicle in-wheel drives
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    • Artur Opaliński
    2017 Full text Archives of Electrical Engineering

    In-wheel electric drives are promising as actuators in active safety systems of electric and hybrid vehicles. This new function requires dedicated control algorithms, making it essential to deliver models that reflect better the wheel-torque control dynamics of electric drives. The timing of digital control events, whose importance is stressed in current research, still lacks an analytical description allowing for modeling its influence on control system dynamics. In this paper, authors investigate and compare approaches to the analog and discrete analytical modeling of torque control loop in digitally controlled electric drive. Five different analytical models of stator current torque component control are compared to judge their accuracy in representing drive control dynamics related to the timing of digital control events. The Bode characteristics and step-response characteristics of the analytical models are then compared with those of a reference model for three commonly used cases of motor discrete control schemes. Finally, the applicability of the presented models is discussed.

  • From a Point Cloud to a 3D Model - an Exercise for Users of AutoCAD and Revit
    • Bożena Kotarska-Lewandowska
    2017 Full text The Journal of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics

    The paper presents a proposal of the topic of an exercise for students of building faculties as part of classes on 3D modelling. The task consists in creating a three-dimensional model based on the measurement obtained with the Leica P30 laser scanner. Due to the maximum number of points in the cloud in the presented programs, the output files must be properly cleared and reduced. The point cloud was pre-processed in Cyclone software. The article presents the use of selected tools for creating geometry in terms of the training being prepared in popular AutoCAD and Revit programs.

  • From Creative Thinking Techniques to Innovative Design Solutions - The Educators' Perspective
    • Joanna Kowalewska
    • Maria Sołtysik
    2017 CBU International Conference Proceedings

    The article presents a structure and basic tasks of a new original academic course, which was inaugurated in 2015 at the Faculty of Architecture in Gdańsk University of Technology and organized for the first year students of Spatial Planning.The title of the course was ‘Garden Cities and the Gardens in the Cities. A Course with Elements of Training Creativity’. The aim of the course was to encourage the participants to develop their creativity by introducing creative thinking techniques and thus to facilitate their projects. Among the recommended creative thinking techniques were mainly the ones presented in the ‘Odyssey of the Mind’ educational program, including such techniques as the ‘Mind Map,’ the ‘Brainstorm’ and the ‘Superheroes.’ Moreover, during the study, participants had a chance toimprove their team working skills. The practical usage of the introduced innovative methods was to be tested on issues concerning green environmental projects inurban areas.

  • From Linear Classifier to Convolutional Neural Network for Hand Pose Recognition
    • Paweł Rościszewski
    2017 Full text Computer Science

    Recently gathered image datasets and the new capabilities of high-performance computing systems have allowed developing new artificial neural network models and training algorithms. Using the new machine learning models, computer vision tasks can be accomplished based on the raw values of image pixels instead of specific features. The principle of operation of deep neural networks resembles more and more what we believe to be happening in the human visual cortex. In this paper, we build up an understanding of the most-successful recent model (a convolutional neural network) through the investigation of supervised machine learning methods such as K-Nearest Neighbors, linear classifiers, and fully connected neural networks. We provide examples and accuracy results based on our implementation aimed for the problem of hand pose recognition.

  • From structures to landscapes – towards re-conceptualization of the urban condition
    • Lucyna Nyka
    2017 Full text

    This paper presents an original approach towards the phenomena of re-naturalization of cities and indicates its possible consequences for the urban design and planning strategies. It focuses on the ongoing shift “from structures to landscapes” in understanding urban conditions. While modern architecture introduced geomet-ric compositions against the background of nature, early modern theories of architects and sociologists started the pursuit toward a new perception of urban reality. Studies of later researchers supported by emerging philosophical re-interpretations continued questioning the oppositional character of natural and artificial, and juxtaposed the rigidness of a plan with the direct experience of urban geography. It contribut-ed to an important shift towards understanding the city as a landscape, and consequently urbanism as land-scape urbanism. The processes of re-naturalization of cities are influenced by this shift, which results in new genres of public spaces and building typologies based on the inseparability of the natural and the built.

  • Full scattering profile of circular optical phantoms mimicking biological tissue
    • Idit Feder
    • Maciej Wróbel
    • Hamootal Duadi
    • Dror Fixler
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    2017 Full text

    Human tissue is one of the most complex optical media since it is turbid and nonhomogeneous. In our poster, we suggest a new type of skin phantom and an optical method for sensing physiological tissue condition, basing on the collection of the ejected light at all exit angles, to receive the full scattering profile. Conducted experiments were carried out on an unique set-up for noninvasive encircled measurement. Set-up consisted of a laser, a photodetector and new tissues-like phantoms made with a polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP), silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS with glycerol mixture. Our method reveals an isobaric point, which is independent of the optical properties. Furthermore, we present the angular distribution of cylindrical phantoms, in order to sense physiological tissue state.

  • Full-scale experiments on wheat flow in steel silo composed of corrugated walls and columns
    • Michał Wójcik
    • Mateusz Sondej
    • Karol Rejowski
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2017 Full text POWDER TECHNOLOGY

    Artykuł omawia wyniki doświadczalne w dużej skali odnośnie przepływu pszenicy w stalowym silosie wykonanym z blachy falistej i słupów. Pomierzono napory poziome i pionowe na ścianie oraz siły pionowe w słupach. Zbadano rodzaj przepływu w zależności od położenia wylotu. Wyniki naporów porównano z Eurokodem.

  • Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives
    • Kamila Sadowska
    • Marta Prześniak-Welenc
    • Marcin Stanisław Łapiński
    • Izabela Kondratowicz
    • Tadeusz Miruszewski
    2017 Full text Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology

    Graphene oxide was functionalized with simultaneous reduction to produce phosphonated reduced graphene oxide in a novel, fully scalable, one-pot method. The phosphonic derivative of graphene was obtained through the reaction of graphene oxide with phosphorus trichloride in water. The newly synthesized reduced graphene oxide derivative was fully characterized by using spectroscopic methods along with thermal analysis. The morphology of the samples was examined by electron microscopy. The electrical studies revealed that the functionalized graphene derivative behaves in a way similar to chemically or thermally reduced graphene oxide, with an activation energy of 0.014 eV.

  • Funcionality assessment of Citrus Hysteria peel as a protective barrier using gas chromatography
    • Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
    • Tomasz Dymerski
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2017

    The aim of this study was to analyse the volatile fractions of fruit peel and pulp using two-dimensional gas chromatography technique coupled with mass spectrometry. The isolation of the compounds was achieved by microextraction to the stationary phase from the headspace of the sample (HS-SPME). Mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyser (TOF-MS) was used to identify the chemical compounds. There are no reports in the literature on the use of these analytical techniques for Citrus hysteria fruit studies. It has been shown that the peel is a more aromatic part of the fruit. The potential distinguishing features of Kaffir lime have also been highlighted.

  • Functionality of road safety devices - identification and analysis of factors
    • Łukasz Jeliński
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Jan Jamroz
    • Marcin Antoniuk
    2017 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences

    Road safety devices are designed to protect road users from the risk of injury or death. The principal type of restraint is the safety barrier. Deployed on sites with the highest risk of run-off-road accidents, safety barriers are mostly found on bridges, flyovers, central reservations, and on road edges which have fixed obstacles next to them. If properly designed and installed, safety barriers just as other road safety devices, should meet a number of functional features. This report analyses factors which may deteriorate functionality, ways to prevent this from happening and the thresholds for loss of road safety device functionality.

  • FUNKCJONALIZOWANIE 2H-TIAZOLO[3,2-α]PIRYDYN-5-(3H)-ONÓW, ALTERNATYWNA ŚCIEŻKA SYNTEZY NOWYCH PILICYDÓW
    • Małgorzata Ryczkowska
    • Sławomir Makowiec
    2017

    Uropatogenne szczepy Escherichia coli są przyczyną blisko 80% przypadków zakażeń dróg moczowych (ang. UTI- Urinary tract infection). Ponadto, aż 30% odmiedniczkowego zapalenia nerek występującego u ciężarnych kobiet jest spowodowane przez szczepy E.coli Dr+. Szerząca się lekooporność bakterii i trudności w leczeniu UTI wymusiły na środowiskach naukowych poszukiwania nowych związków chemicznych pełniących rolę chemoterapeutyków. Na Uniwersytecie w Umeå opracowano nową grupę antybiotyków przeciwdrobnoustrojowych, których celem molekularnym stał się mechanizm biogenezy adhezyn typu „chaperone/usher”. Na Wydziale Chemicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej wykazano aktywność biologiczną wybranych struktur pilicydów wobec szczepów E.coli Dr+. Badania te zwracały jednak uwagę na konieczność poprawienia rozpuszczalności tych pochodnych w roztworach wodnych. W badaniach własnych swą uwagę skupiono na poszukiwaniu ścieżki syntezy umożliwiającej modyfikację struktury pilicydu w pozycji 6. W tym celu wykorzystano regioselektywną reakcję halogenacji. W prezentowanych wynikach, pilicyd (1) poddano jodowaniu z zastosowaniem N-jodosukcynoimidu w obecności kwasu trifluorooctowego. Reakcję prowadzono w 80oC przez 15 h. W konsekwencji otrzymano selektywnie jodowany związek (2). Pożądaną pochodną otrzymano na drodze reakcji cross-coupling typu Suzuki związku (2) z kwasem 2-furanyloboronowym (3). Reakcje sprzęgania przeprowadzono z użyciem katalizatorów palladowych w obecności ligandów fosfinowych oraz zasad. Obie reakcje prowadzono w atmosferze argonu w acetonitrylu (90oC, 12 h). W wyniku reakcji Suzuki otrzymano furanylopochodną (4) z wydajnością 40%, więc trwają badania nad optymalizacją i rozwojem tej metody modyfikacji.

  • Funkcjonowanie publicznego transportu zbiorowego w Obszarze Metropolitalnym Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia
    • Krzysztof Grzelec
    • Jan Bogusławski
    2017

    W zakresie systemów transportu celem nowoczesnych miast jest zbudowanie takich rozwiązań, które by pozwoliły swoim mieszkańcom i innym interesariuszom oszczędzać czas i pieniądze, zwiększyć możliwości wyboru oraz zapewnić poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Służyć temu powinna polityka transportowa przyjęta i wdrażana przez samorządy miast. Powinna być ona spójna nie tylko wewnętrznie ale także spójna i komplementarna z polityką transportową na poziomach regionalnym i krajowym. Co więcej, polityka ta powinna umożliwiać, poprzez działania w zakresie przekształcania transportu stworzenie systemu dostosowanego do wymogów gospodarki rynkowej i warunków współpracy gospodarczej w Europie. Zasady polityki transportowej zgodne z Traktatem Europejskim i polityką transportową Unii Europejskiej wymagają, aby m.in. popierany był rozwój systemu transportu publicznego jako bardziej przyjaznego środowisku naturalnemu i cywilizacyjnemu zwłaszcza w obszarach zurbanizowanych. Trzeba przyznać, że samorządy głównych miast Metropolii przyjęły w studiach uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego, miejscowych planach i w innych dokumentach zapisy zgodne z powyższymi założeniami. W uchwale podjętej przez Radę Miasta Gdyni przyjęto, iż podstawowymi elementami strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu w Gdyni będą: ­ ograniczanie i sterowanie potrzebami transportowymi przez politykę przestrzenną (loka-lizacyjną); ­ szeroko rozumiany priorytet dla transportu zbiorowego.

  • Fusion of Taq DNA polymerase with single-stranded DNA binding-like protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans—Expression and characterization
    • Marcin Olszewski
    • Marta Śpibida
    • Maciej Bilek
    • Beata Krawczyk
    2017 Full text PLOS ONE

    DNA polymerases are present in all organisms and are important enzymes that synthesise DNA molecules. They are used in various fields of science, predominantly as essential components for in vitro DNA syntheses, known as PCR. Modern diagnostics, molecular biology and genetic engineering need DNA polymerases which demonstrate improved performance. This study was aimed at obtaining a new NeqSSB-TaqS fusion DNA polymerase from the Taq DNA Stoffel domain and a single-stranded DNA binding-like protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans in order to significantly improve the properties of DNA polymerase. The DNA coding sequence of Taq Stoffel DNA polymerase and the nonspecific DNA-binding protein of Nanoarchaeum equitans (NeqSSB-like protein) were fused. A novel recombinant gene was obtained which was cloned into the pET-30 Ek/LIC vector and introduced into E. coli for expression. The recombinant enzyme was purified and its enzymatic properties including DNA polymerase activity, PCR amplification rate, thermostability, processivity and resistance to inhibitors, were tested. The yield of the target protein reached approximately 18 mg/l after 24 h of the IPTG induction. The specific activity of the polymerase was 2200 U/mg. The recombinant NeqSSB-TaqS exhibited a much higher extension rate (1000 bp template in 20 s), processivity (19 nt), thermostability (half-life 35 min at 95°C) and higher tolerance to PCR inhibitors (0.3-1.25% of whole blood, 0.84-13.5 μg of lactoferrin and 4.7-150 ng of heparin) than Taq Stoffel DNA polymerase. Furthermore, our studies show that NeqSSB-TaqS DNA polymerase has a high level of flexibility in relation to Mg2+ ions (from 1 to 5 mM) and KCl or (NH4)2SO4 salts (more than 60 mM and 40 mM, respectively). Using NeqSSB-TaqS DNA polymerase instead of the Taq DNA polymerase could be a better choice in many PCR applications.

  • Future Skills and Education in a Computerized World
    • Franciszek Kutrzeba
    2017 Full text Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

    As computerization of Western economies has advanced, the supply of the demand for routine cognitive tasks and routine manual tasks has fallen. Computerization has increased labour input of nonroutine cognitive tasks which has favourized high educated workers. Similarly, there is clear evidence of an increase in demand for high skilled workforce which originates from poor machine performance of nonroutine manual tasks. Given the latest technological development, such skills as critical thinking, complex cognitive skills and novel ideation are those areas where people still outperform computers today. In Poland, a decline in demand for tertiary education has been observed during the recent years notwithstanding good returns to investment in education that are the highest among the OECD countries. The question is, what should the role of tertiary education be in the automatized world? How to develop or educate those skills in which people excel computers given mass education? The purpose of this article is to highlight demand for future skills in regard to actual technological changes and to present chosen macroeconomic data that characterizes the situation of tertiary education with a focus on Poland. Finally, a suggestion for further research is presented.