2017 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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Influence of the air phase on water flow in dikes
- Witold Tisler
- Adam Szymkiewicz
2017 Full text
Numerical models are often used to describe flow and deformation processes occurring in dikes during flood events. Modeling of such phenomena is a challenging task, due to the complexity of the system, consisting of three material phases: soil skeleton, pore water and pore air. Additional difficulties are transient loading caused by variable in time water levels, heterogeneity of the soil or air trapping. This paper presents a brief review of the influence of the air phase in soil on water flow and pore pressure generation, with focus on applications related to stability of dikes, earth dams and similar structures. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the differences between the Richards equation and the two-phase flow model, using an in-house code based on the finite volume method. A variety of boundary problems are considered, including seepage through flood dikes, dike overtopping and water level fluctuations. Special attention is paid to the problem of air trapping, which occurs when water flows over the top of a dike. Such a phenomenon occurred during experiments on model dikes reported in the literature, ultimately leading to development of cracks and damages in dike structure.
Influence of the particle size of carbonate-siliceous rock on the efficiency of phosphorous removal from domestic wastewater
- Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
- Magdalena Gajewska
- Aneta Pytka
- Michał Marzec
- Magdalena Gizińska-Górna
- Andrzej Jucherski
- Andrzej Walczkowski
- Maria Nastawny
- Agnieszka Kamińska
- Stanisław Baran
2017 Full text ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
tThe aim of the study was to determine the influence of the particle size of carbonate–silica rock (opoka)used in rock filters on the efficiency of phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater. The investigationswere carried out in a laboratory using a model consisting of three vertical flow filters with carbonate–silicarock of different particle sizes (G1= 1–2 mm; G2= 2–5 mm; G3= 5–10 mm). The tested rock was subjectedto decarbonising at 900◦C and consisted primarily of 51.7% SiO2, 23.2% CaO, and 7.6% Al2O3. In the firstthree weeks of the study (1–3), the hydraulic load of each filter was Q1= 0.72 l/day and the hydraulicresidence time was HRT1= 24 h; in the next three weeks (4–6) Q2= 1.08 l/day and HRT2= 16 h, and duringthe last three weeks (7–9) Q3= 1.44 l/day and HRT3= 12 h. A significant influence of the size of rock parti-cles and the hydraulic load (hydraulic residence time) on the efficiency of total phosphorus removal andon phosphorus concentration in the wastewater discharged from the system was observed ( = 0.05).Statistically, the best removal of phosphorus from wastewater – an average of 97%, was found in thesubstrate with the smallest particle size (rock G1, 1–2 mm) at the lowest hydraulic load of 0.72 l/dayand at a hydraulic residence time of 24 h. The lowest phosphorus removal efficiency was observed inthe filter containing rock G3with a particle size of 5–10 mm (mean <60%). The average concentrationof total phosphorus in wastewater flowing out from filter G1was 0.23 mg/l, which was much below thelimit values specified by EU regulations. The overall phosphorus load removed during the study period(nine weeks) in the filter with fraction G1was 0.38 g/kg of rock, in the filter with G2-0.30 g/kg of rock, inthe filter G3-0.28 g/kg of rock. The load of phosphorus removed during this period not characterized thefull sorption capacity of the rock. The study showed that the rock subjected to decarbonising at 900◦Ccould be successfully used to remove phosphorus from domestic wastewater, especially in areas wherephosphorus removal requirements are very high (Ptot.< 2 mg/l).
Influence of water and mineral oil on the leaks in satellite motor commutation unit clearances
- Paweł Śliwiński
2017 Full text Polish Maritime Research
The article describes the flow rates of mineral oil and water flowing, as working media, through the commutation unit of a hydraulic satellite motor. It is demonstrated that geometrical dimensions of commutation unit clearances change as a function of the machine shaft rotation angle. Methods for measuring the rate of this flow and the pressure in the working chamber are presented. The results of pressure measurements in the working chamber during the transition from the filling cycle to the emptying cycle are included. The pressure in the motor’s working chamber changes linearly as a function of the shaft rotation angle, which has a significant effect on the leakage in the commutation unit clearances. The paper presents new mathematical formulas in the form: Q=f(Δpγ ) to calculate the flow rate of water and mineral oil in the commutation unit clearances. The γ factor is described as a function of fluid viscosity and clearance length (the motor shaft rotation angle). The coefficients used in these formulas were determined based on the results of laboratory tests of a motor supplied with water and mineral oil.
Information and Communication Technologies for Economic Development
- Ewa Lechman
- Adam Marszk
2017
This chapter is intended to explain why and how information and communication technologies may affect the process of socio-economic development, especially with regard to economically backward economies. It sheds light on why technological changes constitute prerequisites enabling advancements along the socio-economic development pattern. It is also designed to exhibit the special relevance of information and communication technologies when implemented in developing countries. Additionally it discusses the potential channels through which information and communication technologies may contribute to social and economic development in developing world, with the special focus on the financial systems.
Information content of systems as a physical principle
- Ł. Czekaj
- M. Horodecki
- Paweł Horodecki
- R. Horodecki
2017 Full text PHYSICAL REVIEW A
To explain the conceptual gap between classical and quantum and other, hypothetical descriptions of the world, several principles have been proposed. So far, all these principles have not explicitly included the uncertainty relation. Here we introduce an information content principle ( ICP ) which represents a constrained uncertainty principle. The principle, by taking into account the encoding and decoding properties of a single physical system, is capable of separation, both classicality and quanta from a number of potential physical theories, including hidden variable theories. The ICP , which is satisfied by both classical and quantum theory, states that the amount of nonredundant information which may be extracted from a given system is bounded by a perfectly decodable information content of the system. We show that ICP allows one to discriminate theories which do not allow for correlations stronger than Tsirelson’s bound. We show also how to apply the principle to composite systems, ruling out some theories despite that their elementary constituents behave quantumly.
Information Processing and Fechner’s Problem as a Choice of Arithmetic
- Marek Czachor
2017 Full text
Fechner’s law and its modern generalizations can be regarded as manifestations of alternative forms of arithmetic, coexisting at stimulus and sensation levels. The world of sensations may be thus described by a generalization of the standard mathematical calculus.
INFORMATION SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS, FROM DATA THROUGH KNOWLEDGE TO WISDOM
- Henryk Krawczyk
- Andrzej Targowski
2017 Full text TASK Quarterly
The paper investigates both the causes and eﬀects of the rapid increase in the data volume(BigData)andtheirimpactonhumancognition.TheroleoftheInternetindistributing and exchanging of such data, and their impact on the growth of the Information Society are emphasized. As a result, Wisdom Science – a new kind of research – emerges which has the potential to facilitate more advanced solutions in the digital world. In consequence, new kinds of info-driven devices, services and systems called “smart” are developed and applied in almost every aspect of human activities around the world. However, this is not enough for humans to use all those well-informed smart devices and systems because, first of all, their decisions should bewise.Therefore,thepaper,comingfromacognitiveinformaticsapproachdefineswisdomand its applications, illustrated by some practical cases. Based on this, relations between knowledge andwisdomareshown,andhumanabilitiescorrespondingtothemaredefined.Theycandecide about a transformation of a knowledge society to a wisdom society.
Information transfer during the universal gravitational decoherence
- Jarosław Korbicz
- Jan Tuziemski
2017 Full text GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION
Recently Pikovski et al. (Nat Phys 11:668, 2015) have proposed in an intriguing universal decoherence mechanism, suggesting that gravitation may play a conceptually important role in the quantum-to-classical transition, albeit vanishingly small in everyday situations. Here we analyze information transfer induced by this mechanism. We show that generically on short time-scales, gravitational decoherence leads to a redundant information encoding, which results in a form of objectivization of the center-of-mass position in the gravitational field. We derive the relevant time-scales of this process, given in terms of energy dispersion and quantum Fisher information. As an example we study thermal coherent states and show certain robustness of the effect with the temperature. Finally, we draw an analogy between our objectivization mechanism and the fundamental problem of point individuation in General Relativity as emphasized by the Einstein’s Hole argument.
Information-driven network resilience: Research challenges and perspectives
- Jacek Rak
- Dimitri Papadimitriou
- Heiko Niedermayer
- Pablo Romero
2017 Optical Switching and Networking
Internet designed over 40 years ago was originally focused on host-to-host message delivery in a best-effort manner. However, introduction of new applications over the years have brought about new requirements related with throughput, scalability, mobility, security, connectivity, and availability among others. Additionally, convergence of telecommunications, media, and information technology was responsible for transformation of the Internet into an integrated system enabling accessing, distributing, processing, storing, and managing the payload of these messages. Users are now visibly more interested in receiving / accessing information independently of the network location of its host. This consideration in turn revived the interest in named data-driven networking (a.k.a. Information-Centric Networking - ICN). Instead of assuming that networks are limited to the manipulation of network locator space, the basic assumption underneath is that information can be named, addressed, and matched independently of its network location leaving in turn the possibility to match message delivery delay requirements. In this paper, we summarize our research conducted in order to bring a completely different view / perspective of network resilience, originally defined as the ability of a network to assure an acceptable level of service in the face of various faults and challenges to normal operation. That is, instead of maintaining network reachability independently of its actual utility to the “end-points”, our research aimed at exchanging and confronting the key principles that would enable an information-driven resilience (networked) scheme. More precisely, knowing that the user utility function is mainly driven nowadays by information-related criteria such as accessibility (reachability), how to design network resilience schemes that would be directed toward that goal. The main challenge is thus: can one design resilience schemes that combine maximization of end-point utility function and minimization of the network-related cost?
Infrared techniques for natural convection investigations in channels between two vertical, parallel, isothermal and symmetrically heated plates
- Witold Lewandowski
- Michał Ryms
- Hubert Denda
2017 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
The effect of the gap width between two symmetrically heated vertical, parallel, isothermal plates on intensity of natural convective heat transfer in a gas (Pr = 0.71) was experimentally studied using the balance and gradient methods. In the former method heat fluxes were determined based on measurements of the voltage and electric current supplying the heaters placed inside the walls. In the latter, heat fluxes were calculated from the temperature distribution in the air in the plane perpendicular to the surface of the heating plates. Temperature fields were visualised using a thermal imaging camera. The analysis was conducted on two parallel vertical plates of height H = 0.5 m and width B = 0.25 m with the heated surfaces facing each other. Vertical planes with peripherally open channels and three different distances s = 0.045, 0.08 and 0.18 m were created this way. The surface temperature of the heating plates tw was changed every 5 K and set at tw = 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C, while the ambient temperature range was from 18 to 25 °C.
Infrastruktura elektroenergetyczna dla transportu elektromobilnego
- Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Krzysztof Karwowski
2017
W pracy przedstawiono rozwiązania Smart Grid w miejskiej trakcji elektrycznej. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na infrastrukturę tramwajową i trolejbusową do ładowania autobusów elektrycznych.
Inhibition effect of free ammonia on deammonification process under different intermittent aeration strategies in sequencing batch reactor
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Lu Xi
- Joanna Majtacz
- Przemysław Kowal
- Jacek Mąkinia
2017
The deammonification process involves two steps. The first step is the partial nitrification of ammonia (NH4-N) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to produce nitrite (NO2-N) and the second step is the anammox process to “anaerobically” oxidize ammonia to nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor (Lackner et al., 2014). Free ammonia (FA) plays a significant role in the stable, long-term deammonification system operation. FA can inhibit the activities of nitrifying bacteria at particular nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Therefore, the determination of suitable concentration of FA may be effective strategy to enrich AOB population in the AS with simultaneous washout of the NOB from the system. According to Anthonisen et al., (1976) the inhibition impact of FA on AOB is 10–150 mg FA•dm-1 while on NOB is 0.1–1.0 mg FA•dm-1 respectively, based on this NOB - washed out could be obtained in a range of 1.0-10 mg.dm-1 of FA concentration. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of high NH4-N concentration and selected intermittent aeration strategy on enhancing the deamonification process. A special attention has been paid to test and to compare the process performance at the different concentration of FA.
Initial Considerations
- Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Marek Tobiszewski
2017
Chemical processes have made use of a wide number of volatile organic solvents due to their efficiency in countless unit operations. The increasing knowledge on the environmental, health, and safety hazards associated to their use has significantly contributed to the search for greener alternatives. The primary purpose of this book is to provide an overview of alternative solvents with reduced issues that have successfully replaced harmful organic solvents in chemical processes and methodologies. In this introductory chapter, initial considerations on the applicability of alternative solvents reported in the scientific literature toward greener chemical processes are provided. Besides, a brief overview of greener extraction and separation techniques described along the book is presented herein.
Innovative Railway Stations
- Sylwia Rzepnicka
- Daniel Załuski
2017 Full text
In relation to modern demographic trends, evolving technologies and environmentfriendly solutions increases the potential of rail considered as sustainable form of public transport. Contemporary tendencies of designing railway stations in Europe are focused on lowering energy consumption and reducing carbon emission. The main goal of the designers is to create a friendly and intuitive space for its users and at the same time a building that uses renewable energy sources and minimizes negative impact on the environment by the increase of biologically active areas, reuse of rainwater and greywater, innovative heating and cooling solutions and reduction of energy losses. The optimisation of a life circle in railway architecture introduces new approach to passenger service. Examples mentioned in the content of this article help to synthesize changes in approach to the design within the context of sustainability.
Innowacyjne formy kształcenia w edukacji inżynierów
- Agnieszka Kaczmarek-Kacprzak
- Kinga Kurowska
2017 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
Innowacje to nowa wartość lub jakość wprowadzana by osiągnąć lepsze rezultaty. Peter F. Drucker definiuje innowacje, jako okazję do nowych przedsięwzięć i usług. Innowacja stymuluje zmianę. Ta z kolei jest nieodłącznym elementem świata inżynierów, dynamicznego, skomplikowanego i odpowiadającego na rosnący popyt nowych rozwiązań technologicznych. Przemysł 4.0 staje się faktem, a umiejętność szybkiego reagowania uczelni na zmiany w otoczeniu jest niezbędna. Jak w ten świat wprowadzić absolwenta uczelni wyższej? Jak wykreować lub rozwinąć w nim umiejętności i kompetencje potrzebne na współczesnym rynku pracy? Na przytoczone pytania postarają się odpowiedzieć w niniejszym artykule autorki referatu. Artykuł rekomenduje podejście do skutecznego kształcenia w świetle uzyskanych wyników badań.
Innowacyjne technologie obróbki wykończeniowej powierzchni płaskich na docierarakach
- Adam Barylski
2017
Przedstawiono obecne trendy w rozwoju ściernej obróbki bardzo dokładnej przez docieranie i mikroszlifowanie. Analizowano technologie wybranych materiałów na docierarkach jedno- i dwutarczowych. Omówiono i intensywność i jakość docierania oraz mikroszlifowania, a także porównano sposoby obciągania współczesnych narzędzi tarczowych wykonanych ze ścierniw supertwardych.
Insights Into Hydrodynamics of Spinning Fluids Reactor
- Adam Dargacz
- Robert Aranowski
2017 Full text Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Spinning fluids reactor (SFR) is one of the most efficient gas-liquid contacting system with high potential of application in many fields. The unique solution of SFR is the contacting of two spinning fluids which generated centrifugal force. The aim of this study was to investigate the pressure field distribution on the inner surface of reactors dispersing element. Obtained results confirm the high heterogeneity of the field pressure in the reactor system with a cylindrical wall. This is due to the low tangential force generated by rotating liquid on a cylindrical wall, and pressure drop in the locations of surface irregularities. The change of the sparger element to conical shape element increases the pressure exerted by fluid on the wall. In this case the effects of solid particles and inequality in the fluid flow are negligibly small compared to the measured pressure exerted on the sparger element.
In-Situ Processing of Biocomposites via Reactive Extrusion
- Krzysztof Formela
- Aleksander Hejna
- Józef Haponiuk
- Agnieszka Tercjak
2017
Law regulations, economic and environmental factors are the main causes for the rapidly growing interests in biocomposites’ research, conducted currently in a number of academic and industrial scientific centers. However, weak polymer matrix/filler interactions, common in biocomposites, result in unsatisfactory mechanical properties, which limit their practical applications. From many attempts performed to solve this problem, in-situ reactive extrusion is gaining lately a noticeable attention as a cost-effective manufacturing method with the possibility of increasing the level of interfacial adhesion between separated phases. Moreover, reactive extrusion enables in-situ polymerization of matrix, modification of biodegradable polymers, functionalization of biofillers or chemical bonding between filler and matrix phases and usually can be performed on commonly used extrusion lines. This chapter presents recent advances in processing of biocomposites via reactive extrusion, including discussion about its advantages and limitations. The compatibilization mechanisms for different types of polymer matrix and fillers are presented. Furthermore, future trends and development in reactive extrusion of biocomposites are discussed.
Inspection of Gas Pipelines Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Technology
- Zbigniew Usarek
- Krzysztof Warnke
2017 Full text Advances in Materials Science
Magnetic non-destructive testing methods can be classified into the earliest methods developed for assessment of steel constructions. One of them is the magnetic flux leakage technology. A measurement of the magnetic flux leakage is quite commonly used for examination of large objects such as tanks and pipelines. Construction of a magnetic flux leakage tool is relatively simple, but a quantitative analysis of recorded data is a difficult task. Therefore, methods of magnetic flux leakage signal processing and analysis are still under development. A magnetic flux leakage in-line-inspection tool called FLUMAG 500 was constructed. FLUMAG 500 was designed for gas and oil pipelines inspection. In this paper principle of operation of FLUMAG 500 was described. Advanced algorithms of the signal processing and analysis was also developed. Results coming from the development stage as well as from the final construction of the tool were presented. Analysis of these results shows that FLUMAG 500 is a suitable tool for detection of corrosion defects in a pipeline wall.
Installation of CMC columns in overconsolidated clays
- Lech Bałachowski
- Jakub Konkol
- Norbert Kurek
2017
During rigid inclusions execution in the subsoil some monitoring data are registered by a drilling rig for quality control. The use of these data can improve the design procedure of soil improvement as they can provide some information about the position of bearing strata and the energy necessary to install the column in the ground. In this paper the parameters registered in a drilling machine are described, the installation effort is calculated and its application in pile design is discussed. An example concerning the installation of columns in OC stiff clays is given.