2022 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Interlaboratory Test to Characterize the Cyclic Behavior of Bituminous Interlayers: An Overview of Testing Equipment and Protocols
- Piotr Jaskuła
- Dawid Ryś
- Francesco Canestrari
- Thomas Attia
- Hervé Di Benedetto
- Andrea Graziani
- Youngsoo Richard Kim
- Maciej Maliszewski
- Jorge C. Pais
- Christophe Petit
- Christiane Raab
- Davide Ragni
- Cesare Sangiorgi
- Cédric Sauzéat
- Adam Zofka
2022
The performance assessment of multi-layered pavements strongly depends on the mechanical behavior of the interface between bituminous layers. So far, comprehensive studies have been carried out mainly using quasi-static laboratory tests focusing on the interlayer shear strength at failure. However, it is generally recognized that cyclic shear testing will lead to the determination of parameters which are more closely linked to the performance of pavements under traffic loading than the quasi-static shear tests. This paper outlines the research work that has been carried out within the Task Group 3 “Pavement multilayer system” of the RILEM TC 272-PIM. The activities focused on cyclic shear testing of interfaces in bituminous pavements involve an interlaboratory test with nine participating laboratories. The interface behavior was investigated through both direct shear and torque tests on double-layered specimens extracted from lab compacted slabs prepared by one of the laboratories. The different testing equipment and protocols used by the participating laboratories are presented, highlighting the variety of geometries, loading modes, and testing parameters. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Intermetallic disordered magnet Gd2Pt1.1Ge2.9 and its relation to other AlB2 -type compounds
- Leszek Litzbarski
- Michał Winiarski
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Marcin Łapiński
- M. Pugaczowa-Michalska
- P. Skokowski
- Bartłomiej Andrzejewski
2022 Full text PHYSICAL REVIEW B
The intermetallic germanide Gd 2 Pt 1.1 Ge 2.9 was synthesized using an arc-melting method. The crystal structure was characterized using powder x-ray diffraction, revealing a disordered ternary AlB 2 -type structure (space group P 6 / m m m , No. 191) with lattice parameters a = 4.2092 ( 1 ) Å and c = 4.0546 ( 2 ) Å . Physical properties were investigated by magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements, which indicated onset of antiferromagnetic order at T t = 8 K . The obtained properties were compared with the ones reported for other members of the AlB 2 -type Gd 2 T Ge 3 ( T = Ni , Cu, and Pd) family. The magnetic ordering in these compounds was discussed in terms of their crystal structure and the influence of Gd ions.
Internal imaging of concrete fracture based on elastic waves and ultrasound computed tomography
- Monika Zielińska
- Magdalena Rucka
2022 Full text MEASUREMENT
The condition assessment of concrete structures belongs to the greatest challenges of non-destructive testing. Monitoring the fracture process of concrete and detecting cracks at the earliest possible stage is a vital aspect to ensure the safety of civil engineering objects. The use of ultrasound tomography enables imaging the internal structure of a tested element. This study aims at the visualization of fracture damage in concrete cubes. The tests are performed on samples made of plain concrete and concrete with fibres. The main contribution of this work is the study of the application of ultrasound transmission tomography to imaging cracks in concrete prisms before and after mechanical degradation in a wedge splitting test. A novel method of determination of the time-of-flight of a wave propagating from a transmitter to a receiver is introduced. The effectiveness of the imaging of fracture damage obtained using ultrasound tomography is proved by X-ray micro-computed tomography.
Internationalization and Quality Assurance in Higher Education
- Karolina Wysocka
- Christian Jungnickel
- Katarzyna Szelągowska-Rudzka
2022 Full text Management
Internationalization is an inevitable phenomenon among all contemporary higher education institutions (HEIs) in a globalizing world. It is the driving force for development and progress. In course of the last 30 years, it became an inevitable element of HE management. However, it carries along a number of risks, pitfalls, and organizational challenges. To hedge those, quality assurance (QA) is called to the stage. HEIs therefore need not only to search for chances but also to increase the advancement of methods to safeguard the quality of education and research. It is for this reason that a discussion on the mutual evolution and impact of internationalization and QA is required, and this is the aim of this article to combine the issues dialectically. There are tools and institutions within the internationally and nationally developed QA concepts that have the potential and aim to secure the benefits of internationalization.
Interplay between Aryl···Perfluoroaryl and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Cocrystals of Pentafluorophenol with Molecules of Trigonal Symmetry
- Jan Alfuth
- Jarosław Chojnacki
- Tadeusz Połoński
- Aleksander Herman
- Maria Milewska
- Teresa Olszewska
2022 Full text CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
Cocrystals of seven star-shaped triaryl compounds with pentafluorophenol (pfp) were prepared and structurally characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Cocrystallization of pfp with planar (or almost planar) compounds gave six 3:1 molecular complexes with well-defined layered structures. The layers are composed of alternating pfp3 trimers, linked by hydrogen bonding, and triaryl molecules held together in planes by the weak C–H···F interactions. Stacking interactions of the triaryl-substituted molecules with the perfluorinated rings of pfp are responsible for the overall crystal packing, but most likely also stabilize the trimers in the solid state, as the assembly of the pfp into trimers provide an optimal geometry for the π···π interaction. The layers are flat for the cases of components with almost planar geometry and corrugated for those with more twisted geometry. In the case of nonplanar triphenyl isocyanurate, the pfp cocrystal does not contain pfp3 trimers, the stoichiometry changes from 3:1 to 3:2 (3 refers to pfp), and the packing is mainly controlled by intermolecular O–H···O=C hydrogen bonding.
Intracranial electrophysiological recordings from the human brain during memory tasks with pupillometry
- Jan Cimbalnik
- Jaromir Dolezal
- Cagdas Topcu
- Michał Lech
- Victoria Marks
- Boney Joseph
- Martin Dobias
- Jamie Van Gompel
- Gregory Worrell
- Michał Kucewicz
2022 Full text Scientific Data
Data comprise intracranial EEG (iEEG) brain activity represented by stereo EEG (sEEG) signals, recorded from over 100 electrode channels implanted in any one patient across various brain regions. The iEEG signals were recorded in epilepsy patients (N=10) undergoing invasive monitoring and localization of seizures when they were performing a battery of four memory tasks lasting approx. 1 hour in total. Gaze tracking on the task computer screen with estimating the pupil size was also recorded together with behavioral performance. Each dataset comes from one patient with anatomical localization of each electrode contact. Metadata contains labels for the recording channels with behavioral events marked from all tasks, including timing of correct and incorrect vocalization of the remembered stimuli. The iEEG and the pupillometric signals are saved in BIDS data structure to facilitate efficient data sharing and analysis.
Introduction to smart solutions for wastewater: Road-mapping the transition to circular economy
- Giorgio Mannina
- Dario Presti
- Ashok Pandey
- Herman Helness
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Jacek Mąkinia
2022
Today there is an urgent need to move from a linear to a circular economy approach with special focus to water and environment. Despite the paramount importance, this transition is hampered by barriers which concern not only technological but embrace also organizational, regulatory, social, and economic aspects. In order to overcome such barriers, innovative water-smart solutions are needed and a robust roadmap for the transition has to be established. In this introductive chapter, the key issues, including the roadmap, are presented. Future perspectives and research needs to roadmap the transition to circular economy are also outlined.
Inverse Flood Routing Using Simplified Flow Equations
- Dariusz Gąsiorowski
- Romuald Szymkiewicz
2022 Full text WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
The paper considers the problem of inverse flood routing in reservoir operation strategy. The aim of the work is to investigate the possibility of determining the hydrograph at the upstream end based on the hydrograph required at the downstream end using simplified open channel flow models. To accomplish this, the linear kinematic wave equation, the diffusive wave equation and the linear Muskingum equation are considered. To achieve the hydrograph at the upstream end, an inverse solution of the afore mentioned equations with backward integration in the x direction is carried out. The numerical solution of the kinematic wave equation and the Muskingum equation bases on the finite difference scheme. It is shown that both these equations are able to provide satisfying results because of their exceptional properties related to numerical diffusion. In the paper, an alternative approach to solve the inverse routing using the diffusive wave model is also presented. To this end, it is described by a convolution which involves the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) corresponding to the linear diffusive wave equation. Consequently, instead of a solution of partial or ordinary differential equations, the integral equation with Laguerre polynomials, used for the expansion of the upstream hydrograph, is solved. It was shown that the convolution approach is more reliable comparing to the inverse solution of the simplified models in the form of differential equations.
Inverse Modeling and Optimization of CSRR-based Microwave Sensors for Industrial Applications
- Tanveer Haq Ul
- Paulina Kozieł
2022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
Design optimization of multivariable resonators is a challenging topic in the area of microwave sensors for industrial applications. This paper proposes a novel methodology for rapid re-design and parameter tuning of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). Our approach involves inverse surrogate models established using pre-optimized resonator data as well as analytical correction techniques to enable rapid adjustment of geometry parameters and CSRR optimization over broad ranges of operating frequencies. The tuning process is arranged to precisely allocate the operating frequency while maximizing the quality factor of the circuit. The procedure is generic and characterized by an extremely low computational cost of up to two electromagnetic (EM) analyses of the circuit at hand (not counting the inverse model setup). The presented technique is demonstrated using a circular CSRR coupled to a microstrip transmission line (MTL), and optimized to operate between 5 GHz and 20 GHz. The design optimized for 15 GHz is fabricated and experimentally validated using a vector network analyzer. The sensor works in the transmission mode and senses the shift in resonance frequency determined by the properties of the material under test (MUT). Furthermore, an inverse regression model is developed that allows for directly finding the unknown permittivity of the MUT based on the measured resonant frequencies of the sensor. The obtained results corroborate the design utility of the proposed optimization method, as well as practical usefulness of the specific CSRR structure developed with the aid thereof.
Investigating an Optimal Computational Strategy to Retrofit Buildings with Implementing Viscous Dampers
- Farzin Kazemi
- Neda Asgarkhani
- Ahmed Manguri
- Robert Jankowski
2022
Civil engineering structures may seriously suffer from different damage states re-‎sult of earthquakes. Nowadays, retrofitting the existing buildings is a serious ‎need among designers. Two important factors of required performance level and ‎cost of retrofitting play a crucial role in the retrofitting approach. In this study, a ‎new optimal computational strategy to retrofit structures by implementing linear ‎Viscous Dampers (VDs) is investigated to achieve a higher performance level ‎with lower implementation cost. Regarding this goal, a Tcl programming code ‎was developed with the capability of considering damaged structure due to earth-‎quake-induced structural pounding. The code allows us to improve structural ‎models to take into account the real condition of buildings using both MATLAB ‎and Opensees software simultaneously. To present the capability of this strategy, ‎the 3-, and 6-story colliding Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs) were se-‎lected. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was performed based on the inter-‎story drift ratio of floor levels as engineering demand parameter, and Sa(T1) as in-‎tensity measure. Interstory median IDAs of floor levels of colliding SMRFs were ‎plotted to find out the floor level prone to damage and to retrofit only this floor ‎level instead of all stories. The results show that implementing only two linear ‎VDs with a cost of two units can achieve a higher life safety performance level in ‎the case of 3-, and 6-story SMRFs. Moreover, the proposed computational strat-‎egy can be used for any structure (with and without pounding conditions), and in ‎all performance levels prescribed in FEMA 356 code.‎
Investigating Noise Interference on Speech Towards Applying the Lombard Effect Automatically
- Grazina Korvel
- Krzysztof Kąkol
- Povilas Treigys
- Bożena Kostek
2022 Full text
The aim of this study is two-fold. First, we perform a series of experiments to examine the interference of different noises on speech processing. For that purpose, we concentrate on the Lombard effect, an involuntary tendency to raise speech level in the presence of background noise. Then, we apply this knowledge to detecting speech with the Lombard effect. This is for preparing a dataset for training a machine learning-based system for automatic speech conversion, mimicking a human way to make speech more intelligible in the presence of noise, i.e., to create Lombard speech. Several spectral descriptors are analyzed in the context of Lombard speech and various types of noise. In conclusion, pub-like and babble noises are most similar when comparing Spectral Entropy, Spectral RollOff, and Spectral Brightness. The larger values of these spectral descriptors, the more the speech-in-noise signal is degraded. To quantify the effect of noise on speech, containing the Lombard effect, an average formant track error is calculated as an objective image quality metric. For image quality assessment Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index is employed.
Investigating the Impact of Weather Conditions and Time of Day on Traffic Flow Characteristics
- Aleksandra Romanowska
- Marcin Budzyński
2022 Full text Weather Climate and Society
Adverse weather such as rain, snow, and fog may significantly reduce visibility or change adhesion properties and, as a consequence, affect drivers’ sense of safety, driving comfort, and their reaction to a changing driving environment (i.e., lower speed and increased headways). The changed behavior of individual drivers affects both traffic flow characteristics, that is, average speed and headways, and parameters related to highway performance such as free-flow speed and capacity. Thus, understanding the impact may be important in the context of predicting and assessing traffic conditions on planned or existing road facilities. The paper discusses the effects of adverse weather conditions and time of day on traffic flow characteristics and the parameters related to highway performance. Using real traffic and weather data from a Polish expressway, the paper aims to identify factors related to weather and time of day that significantly influence traffic flow parameters and traffic conditions and to analyze and quantify this impact. The results of the study may help to develop coefficients of weather-related adjustment factors that will make it possible to estimate, for example, average speed of vehicles in the nighttime or in conditions of rain or limited visibility. The results of the study may contribute to a new Polish method for capacity estimation and traffic conditions assessment for uninterrupted traffic facilities.
Investigation of ecological parameters of a gas turbine combustion chamber with steam injection for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
- Serhiy Serbin
- Kateryna Burunsuz
- Marek Dzida
- Jerzy Kowalski
- Daifen Chen
2022 International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering
The article is dedicated to the investigation of the possibility of using the contact type gas turbine cycle with steam injection into the combustion chamber for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel in order to increase the specific power and efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic components. A new approach is proposed, associated with the use of the two-stage injection of superheated steam into a gas turbine combustion chamber operating on associated gas. In this case, ecological steam is injected to the primary zone of the chamber to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, and power steam is injected to the dilution zone of the chamber in order to increase the power of the installation. This approach can be used in gas turbine engines of various modifications and manufacturers. The thermodynamic parameters of the thermal scheme of a gas–steam turbine operating on associated gas have been determined. Three-dimensional calculations of ecological parameters of a combustion chamber have been carried out, making it possible to determine the rational ratio of the ecological and power steam flow rates to minimize emissions of nitrogen oxides. The results obtained can be used for the modernization of existing and refinement of new samples of environmentally friendly fuel-burning devices.
Investigation of Liquid–Gas Flow in a Horizontal Pipeline Using Gamma-Ray Technique and Modified Cross-Correlation
- Robert Hanus
- Marcin Zych
- Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
2022 Full text ENERGIES
This article presents the application of the radioisotope absorption method in the study of two-phase water–air flow in a horizontal pipe. The measurement principle and the test stand are briefly described. The main part of the article presents the signal analysis methods applied to data obtained from scintillation detectors. Because these signals are mostly stochastic waveforms, they were analyzed statistically using the cross-correlation function (CCF), and methods that are a combination of CCF and differential methods: CCF/ASDF and CCF/AMDF, where ASDF is the average square difference function, and AMDF is the average magnitude difference function. Examples of the results of gas phase velocity measurement for four types of flow are presented. It was found that the CCF/ASDF and CCF/AMDF methods allow more accurate results of measurements of the dispersed phase to be obtained than the CCF method.
Investigation of Performance and Configuration of a Selected IoT System—Middleware Deployment Benchmarking and Recommendations
- Robert Kałaska
- Paweł Czarnul
2022 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel
Nowadays Internet of Things is gaining more and more focus all over the world. As a concept it gives many opportunities for applications for society and it is expected that the number of software services deployed in this area will still grow fast. Especially important in this context are properties connected with deployment such as portability, scalability and balance between software requirements and hardware capabilities. In this article, we present results of practical tests with multiple clients representing sensors sending notifications to an IoT middleware—DeviceHive. Firstly, we investigate performance using two deployment configurations—containerized and bare-metal showing small overhead of the former under different loads by various numbers of IoT clients. We present scaling of the middleware on the server side using various numbers of cores as well as HyperThreading for all aforementioned configurations. Furthermore, we also investigated how containarization affects performance when the system is scaled with various numbers of nodes each using a predefined number of cores, considering memory usage of various configurations. The latter could be found useful when assigning cores to Docker nodes in cloud environments.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A LOWEMISSION GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING ON A MIXTURE OF NATURAL GAS AND HYDROGEN
- Serhiy Serbin
- Kateryna Burunsuz
- Daifen Chen
- Jerzy Kowalski
2022 Full text Polish Maritime Research
T his article is devoted to the investigation of the characteristics of a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, which can be used in Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels and operates on a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. A new approach is proposed for modelling the processes of burning out a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen under preliminary mixing conditions in gaseous fuel with an oxidizer in the channels of radial-axial swirlers of flame tubes. The proposed kinetic hydrocarbon combustion scheme is used in three-dimensional calculations for a cannular combustion chamber of a 25 MW gas turbine engine for two combustion models: the Finite-Rate/EddyDissipation and the Eddy Dissipation Concept. It was found that, for the investigated combustion chamber, the range of stable operations, without the formation of a flashback zone in the channels of radial-axial swirlers, is determined by the hydrogen content in the mixture, which is less than 25-30% (by volume). For the operating modes of the chamber without the formation of a flashback zone inside the swirler channels, the emissions of nitrogen oxide NO and carbon monoxide CO do not exceed the values corresponding to modern environmental requirements for emissions of toxic components by gas turbine engines.
Investigation of the Effect of the Rocket's Suborbital Flight on Biofilm, Enzymes and Biosynthesis on Autonomous, Modular and Scalable Platforms For Conducting Experiments of an Astrobiotechnological Nature
- Bartosz Rybacki
- Marcin Jasiukowicz
- Bartosz Rybak
- Julia Godlewska
- Beata Krawczyk
2022 Full text
With new incentives for human space exploration, biotechnological experiments in orbit became imperative. Answering this need, we build an autonomous, modular, and scalable platform that enables those experiments on rockets. We called it AMBER. The aim of the payload of the R6 suborbital rocket is to perform an experiment to study the influence of rocket flights on biofilm, molecular biology enzymes and biosynthesis using our platform. For this purpose, we use the interdisciplinary character of our team to ensure full integrity, reliability, and operational efficiency. The experiment carried out during the Spaceport America Cup competition constitutes the first stage of our team’s three-stage programme of astrobiotechnological experiments, which scientific value was confirmed by a letter of recommendation from the scientist working for NASA Ames Research Center. Two 96 well plates, as operational sectors, were subjected to the same effects of G-force, rocket launch velocity, temperature, pressure and vibration profile. In the experiment, we used 3D printed elements, Peltier cells, GPS, and sensors measuring vibrations, temperature, pressure and G-force. These instruments enable exact characterisation conditions experienced by biological samples.
Investigation of the Effect of The Temperature and Magnetization Pattern on Flux Density, Instantaneous Torque, Unbalanced Magnetic Forces of a Surface Inset PMM
- Ahmed Abbas
- Atif Iqbal
- A. Hosseinpour
- Mohammad Shahabuddin
- Ersan Kabalci
2022
Electrical machines utilized in domestic applications such as ceiling fans should have low losses and cost. Permanent magnets are used instead of rotor excitation to reduce losses. Therefore, not only the losses of the rotor winding are eliminated, but also the efficiency of the machine is increased. A surface inset consequent pole (SICP) machine has also been used to reduce costs. Because less magnets are utilized in this structure. The main problem is the affecting the residual flux density from temperature. In this paper, the SICP is analyzed by two-dimensional method, then magnetic flux density, Back-EMF, instantaneous torque and unbalanced magnetic forces are calculated. In this research, either the effect of temperature changes on the mentioned cases has been investigated, or two types of magnetization patterns include radial and parallel have been considered.
Investigation of the Effects of Tool Positioning Factors on Peak Temperature in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 Aluminum Alloys
- Amir Ghiasvand
- Wanich Suksatan
- Jacek Tomków
- Grzegorz Rogalski
- Hesamoddin Aghajani Derazkola
2022 Full text Materials
Among the emerging new welding techniques, friction stir welding (FSW) is used frequently for welding high-strength aluminum alloys that are difficult to weld by conventional fusion-welding techniques. This paper investigated the effects of tool-positioning factors on the maximum temperature generated in the dissimilar FSW joint of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys. Three factors of plunge depth, tool offset, and tilt angle were used as the input parameters. Numerical simulation of the FSW process was performed in ABAQUS software using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach. Central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze and design the experiments. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results showed that numerical simulations were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Based on the statistical model results, plunge depth, tilt angle, and tool offset were the most significant factors on maximum process temperature, respectively. It was found that increasing the plunge depth caused a sharp increase in the maximum process temperature due to increased contact surfaces and the frictional interaction between the tool and workpiece.
Investigation on environmental chemistry changes in the Antarctic Special Management Area (ASMA 1): King George Island, South Shetlands Islands
- Joanna Potapowicz
2022 Full text
The doctoral dissertation included a review of the scientific literature that resulted in the selection of the research area, type of samples and chemical species that were marked. The published series of articles contains an in-depth description of the results of chemical analyses of surface water, sediment and snow samples from the Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 1) – King George Island. In addition, studies have been conducted to assess the impact that raw wastewater discharge into Admiralty Bay has had on the Antarctic environment. The aim of the doctoral thesis was to analyse the results of a wide range of determinations of chemical individuals, including newly emerging pollutants in selected Antarctic environments. Information was provided on the concentration levels of, inter alia, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, pharmaceuticals, selected metals, non-metals and ions present in environmental samples from West Antarctica, sources of origin of the studied chemical species and their potential effects on Antarctic ecosystems. The analysis and interpretation of the results was the basis for the assessment of the environmental fate of the determined pollutants, taking into account the human impact in the studied area. The collected data may be the basis for the conclusion that the pollution present in this area may contribute to the gradual degradation of the Antarctic ecosystem. In addition, they are the basis for a discussion on the tightening of legal regulations regarding the protection of the Antarctic environment.