2013 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2013

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Investigation of functional layers of solid oxide fuel cell anodes for synthetic biogas reforming
- Konrad Dunst
- Jakub Karczewski
- Tadeusz Miruszewski
- Bogusław Kusz
- Maria Gazda
- Sebastian Molin
- Piotr Jasiński
2013 SOLID STATE IONICS
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the most promising energy conversion devices due to their high efficiency, low pollution and fuel flexibility. Unfortunately, when hydrocarbons are used as a fuel, for example in the form of a biogas, solid carbon can deposit on the anode surface. This process leads to the degradation of the fuel cell performance. A possible solution to this problem is to apply an additional catalytic material, which would improve catalytic activity towards the direct internal reforming of the biogas. In this work three catalytic materials were investigated towards the biogas reforming: Cu1.3Mn1.7O4, Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.8Fe0.2O3−δ and CeCu2O4. Materials were infiltrated into the Ni/YSZ cermet and YSZ structure. Their catalytic activities were tested in a synthetic biogas (mixture of 60% of methane and 40% of carbon dioxide) using FTIR spectroscopy of the outlet gases. Infiltration with catalytic materials improved the catalytic properties of supports, however, did not reduce the carbon formation rate.
Investigation of sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensors in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia
- Piotr Jasiński
- Anna Strzelczyk
- Bogdan Chachulski
- Maria Gazda
- Grzegorz Jasiński
2013 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
In this paper a sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensor in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia is investigated. Both gases are environmentally hazardous and contain nitrogen atom in the molecule. However, it seems that their sensing mechanism in electrocatalytic sensor could be totally different. Namely, the maximum sensitivity for each gas was obtained at different temperatures. Also, different auxiliary layers are formed for each gas.
INVESTIGATION OF SOUR SUBSTANCES BY FIVE-CHANNEL POTENTIOMETRIC TASTE SENSOR CONTAINING ALL-SOLID-STATE- ELECTRODES (ASSEs)
- Ewa Marjańska
- Elwira Brodnicka
- Maria Szpakowska
2013
An elaboration of taste sensor for discrimination of different food products is of great importance for food industry. Potentiometric taste sensor containing ion selective electrodes with lipid/polymer membranes has already been applied commercially in food industry. However, time-consuming and demanding preconditioning method of ions selective electrodes as well as maintenance of electrodes’ bodies are disadvantages of this taste sensor in wide-scale use. In this work the investigation of sensitivity of taste sensor with five all- solid - state - electrodes (ASSEs) with electroactive polymer and different lipid polymer membranes was presented. Examined solutions contain hydrochloric, citric, acetic or tartaric acid with concentration range 10 - 5 M – 10 - 2 M. Sensitivity of electrodes’ responses to acids solutions in their taste sensitivity threshold concentrations have been also examined. Due to their responses electrodes can be divided into two groups: electrodes with positively charged membranes ( 1 - benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chl oride, 2 - dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and electrodes with negatively charged membranes ( 3 - palmitic acid, 4 - stearic acid, 5 - phytol). The electrodes from the first group are insensitive to hydrochloric or citric acid within tested concentration rang e. On the other hand, electrodes with negatively charged membranes reveal satisfactory sensitivity to examined acid solutions. The function of E = f(logC) is linear with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9). No relationship between ASSE responses and t aste index and pK of tested solutions has been found.
Investigation of sour substances by five-channel potentiometric taste sensor containing all-solid-state-electrodes ( ASSEs)
- Ewa Marjańska
- Elwira Brodnicka
- Maria Szpakowska
2013
An elaboration of taste sensor for discrimination of different food products is of great importance for food industry. Potentiometric taste sensor containing ion selective electrodes with lipid/polymer membranes has already been applied commercially in food industry. However, time-consuming and demanding preconditioning method of ions selective electrodes as well as maintenance of electrodes’ bodies are disadvantages of this taste sensor in wide-scale use. In this work the investigation of sensitivity of taste sensor with five all-solid-state-electrodes (ASSEs) with electroactive polymer and different lipid polymer membranes was presented. Examined solutions contain hydrochloric, citric, acetic or tartaric acid with concentration range 10-5 M – 10-2 M. Sensitivity of electrodes’ responses to acids solutions in their taste sensitivity threshold concentrations have been also examined. Due to their responses electrodes can be divided into two groups: electrodes with positively charged membranes (1 - benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, 2 - dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and electrodes with negatively charged membranes (3 – palmitic acid, 4 – stearic acid, 5 – phytol). The electrodes from the first group are insensitive to hydrochloric or citric acid within tested concentration range. On the other hand, electrodes with negatively charged membranes reveal satisfactory sensitivity to examined acid solutions. The function of E = f(logC) is linear with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9). No relationship between ASSE responses and taste index and pK of tested solutions has been found.
Investigation of Transmit and Receive Characteristics of Laboratory Model for the Parametric Echosounder
- Grażyna Grelowska
- Eugeniusz Kozaczka
- Andrzej Nowicki
- Sławomir Kozaczka
2013 Full text ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A
Investigation and operation of devices based on nonlinear interaction of high-intensity waves have been carried out for several decades. However, it is still a new tool to study the properties of the water environment and especially the upper layers of the seabed. This paper describes the results of tests of the new device that is intended to be applied for sounding underwater areas. The device has been designed and built in collaboration with the Department of Ultrasound of the Institute of Fundamental Scientic Researches of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.
Investigation on thermal changes of mechanical properties of textile fabric of National Stadium in Warsaw roof
- Paweł Kłosowski
2013
Subject of the research is investigation of mechanical properties of technical fabric Précontraint 1202 S2 used for construction of the mobile part of roof of National Stadium in Warsaw. The research has been focused on fabric behavior in low temperature conditions. The main question which had to be answer has been: is it save to open and close the roof or keep the roof in the close position in winter conditions?
Investigations of micro-structure evolution in granular shear zones using DEM.
- Michał Nitka
- Jan Kozicki
- Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
2013
W artykule pokazano rozwój różnych zjawisk mikrostrukturalnych na poziomie ziarna podczas parcia piasku na sztywną ściankę przemieszczającą się poziomo. Obliczenia wykonano stosując metodę DEM. Wyniki na poziomie globalnym porównano z wynikami doświadczalnymi i wynikami MES. Szczególna uwagę zwrócono na rozwój wirów w strefach ścinania.
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LABORATORY FARYMANN DIESEL ENGINE D10 TYPE BY MEANS OF A LANGMUIR PROBE
- Zbigniew Korczewski
- Jacek Rudnicki
- Adam Cenian
- Leszek Piechowski
2013 Full text Combustion Engines
A precise determination of the crankshaft angular position, at which fuel ignition occurs in the SI engine, enables credible diagnosis of the technical state of its working space as well as of the fuel feed system. An observation of the Langmuir probe signal provides entirely new possibilities for engine diagnostics. The probe is introduced into the working space of a cylinder through its indicator valve. This paper presents the preliminary results of diagnostic applied for the D10 type Farymann Diesel engine. The main aim of the investigations was to confirm the SI engine control susceptibility to the applied, original measuring method which makes possible the precise determination of the crank-shaft angle, under which the fuel self-ignition occurs. In order to verify the diagnostic results, simultaneous measurements of the cylinder pressure as well as vibrations (measured on the cylinder head cover or its mounting bolts) generated by the engine's fuel injection system and valve timing system have been conducted. Satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement of the registered control parameters has been obtained using simplified comparative analysis. The results showed that further upgrade of the diagnostic method as well as the computer software is necessary in order to synchronize all monitored variables and enable comparative analysis in relation to the angular crankshaft position.
Ionic Liquid Assisted Dissolution of Dissolved Organic Matter and PAHs from Soil Below the Critical Micelle Concentration
- Marta Markiewicz
- Christian Jungnickel
- Hans Peter Arp
2013 Full text ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Increased use and production of ionic liquids (ILs) may result in emissions into the environment. Particularly vulnerable are industrial areas and landfills where ILs are utilized and ultimately disposed of. This study investigates how IL contamination can affect soil properties and the sorption of pre-existing contaminants. The commonly used IL 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium chloride ([OMIM][Cl]) was added at various quantities to a landfill soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Subsequently, the release of PAHs and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from this soil was thoroughly investigated. Two fractions of PAH release into the porewater were measured, the freely dissolved fraction (measured using a passive sampler) and the total PAH concentration (which includes the freely dissolved molecules as well as those associated with colloids, micelles and DOM). As expected the highest levels of total PAH porewater concentration occurred when the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the IL was exceeded. However, as we report here for the first time, enhanced amounts of freely dissolved PAHs were released by sub-CMC concentrations of IL. Additionally, enhanced levels of DOM, due to dissolution of soil organic matter by IL, were also observed upon addition of sub-CMC IL concentrations. Based on this, enhanced release of pre-existing contaminants and DOM is suggested as a potential risk from IL emissions at trace concentrations well below the CMC. Potential mechanisms of this sub-CMC release are discussed.
IR-THERMAL IMAGING IN CARDIOSURGERY
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
2013
A method for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging is presented. These methods called Static Thermography and Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) uses information about distribution of temperature on the surface and an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording time series of thermograms allows to calculate parametric images – distribution of the thermal time constant at the visible surface of the myocardium - correlated to the physiology state of tested tissues. Temperature allows monitoring of vascularization in each phase of cardiosurgery interventions. This is a perfect method for the evaluation of the quality of the inserted graft, of the efficiency of cardioplegia, and of the quality of many surgical procedures in clinical practice. Such monitoring is prompt, easy, and objective, especially if dynamic processes are investigated. During LAD occlusion the ADT procedure was applied using cooling external excitation source. In summary, the calculated time constant images provide data of the tested structure and functional information of myocardium infarct. This allows to track changes in blood flow in the myocardium and inspection of the quality of the intervention during cardiosurgical procedures
Is It Right To Predict Cutting Forces On The Basis Of Wood Density?
- Daniel Chuchała
- Kazimierz Orłowski
- Dusan Pauliny
- Jakub Sandak
- Anna Sandak
2013
Several properties of wood can be correlated to wood density. It is widely accepted that the cutting power requirements are following this general assumption. Therefore, according to classic literature sources available for determination of the cutting power for both band- and circular- sawing machines, the cutting power requirements (and/or cutting forces) are computed as a function of the wood specific gravity SG. It was shown here that such approach based on specific gravity SG only, might be considered as a rather rough and imperfect estimation of cutting power. Significant differences are obtained between parameters computed on the basis of SG only and results computed on the basis of SG with other parameters (eg. feed per tooth). Samples of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood of different provenances from Poland and of varying densities were machined on the narrow kerf frame sawing machine PRW-15M. The cutting power data was measured during sawing, stored and then further analysed. The average cutting forces were regressed versus average wood density (estimated on the base of standard gravimetric method). The obtained correlation was significant; however, it was possible to substantially improve the determination coefficient by correlating local values of cutting forces to the local densities. In that case the average values of cutting forces measured at selected points along the sample’s length were regressed to X-ray absorbance (density) estimated by means of X-ray radiography. It seems that analysing maps of density distributions could be a useful tool for estimation of cutting forces in sawing and might substantially improve the reliability of the estimations.
Is There any Demand for the Workers Aged 50+ in Poland?
- Anita Richert-Kaźmierska
2013 Full text EQUILIBRIUM Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
The process of ageing affects all the European Union Member States, including Poland. According to forecasts by the Central Statistical Office, in 2035, the population of Poland will decrease in relation to 2010 by more than 2 million, and the share of people aged 50+ in the total population will increase from 34.8% to 46.6% (Prognoza ludności 2009). In the context of current and projected demographic changes, a discussion is taking place and actions are taken to — on the one hand — extend the period of Poles' economic activity and — one the other hand — implement age management systems in enterprises, enabling the efficient exploitation of the potential of workers aged 50+. The paper considers the problem of the situation of people aged 50+ in the Polish labour market. The main objective is to find out whether in Poland there is a need for the work performed by people aged 50+. The employers' views on workers 50+ and the possibilities and conditions of employment of this group are presented. The paper uses and confronts statistics related to the labour market (BAEL) and the results of quantitative and qualitative research carried out by selected Polish research centres within the framework of projects co-financed from EU funds.
Isolation of xanthone and benzophenone derivatives from Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent. (honeybush) and their pro-apoptotic activity on synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Maria Łuczkiewicz
- Justyna Pawłowska
- Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- Paweł Sowiński
- Jacek Witkowski
- Ewa Bryl
- Adam Buciński
2013 FITOTERAPIA
A fast and efficient method for the isolation of the C-glucosidated xanthones mangiferin and isomangiferin from the South-African plant Cyclopia genistoides was developed for the first time. Two benzophenone derivatives: 3-C-β-glucosides of maclurin and iriflophenone, were isolated from C. genistoides extracts using semi-preparative. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and/or LC-DAD-ESI–MS.
ISSUE OF MAKING DECISIONS WITH REGARD TO SHIP TRAFFIC SAFETY IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS AT SEA
- Jerzy Girtler
2013
The paper refers to the possibilities of making operational decisions that would enable to ensure safety to a ship in the event of application of the statistical decision theory with consideration of an expected value of consequences as a criterion for making such a decision. General description includes conditions for carrying out transportation tasks by ships and it has been shown that following this description it is possible to develop a five-state set of situations at sea, which a ship can meet. It has been proved that the situations (elements of the set) can be considered as states of the process of occurring the particular situations, consecutively one by one. The paper provides definitions for probabilities of occurring the particular states (situations) contained in this set, in which a ship can carry out its cruise. The probabilities have been defined for a long operating time for a ship (t  ), which means that they are a limiting distribution of the process of state transitions. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been applied to determine the distribution. Based on the distribution and decision-making rules, a set of decisions that possibly may be taken in accordance with the assumed criterion of optimization, has been developed. Also the paper presents a simple example of calculation in order to demonstrate that determination of the consequences of making a decision is more important than estimation of the probability of occurrence of particular situations during a ship cruise.
ISSUES OF CLASSIFICATION FUNCTION CONTINUITY IN ENDOSCOPIC VIDEO CLASSIFICATION
- Adam Blokus
- Adam Brzeski
- Jan Cychnerski
2013
In the article a new way of analyzing the properties of feature vector functions (FVF) and classiers of images in a video stream is proposed. The general idea is based on focusing of the perceived continuity of the FVF and classier functions. Issues related to creating an exact mathematical model are discussed and a simplied solution is proposed. An exemplary algorithm is evaluated on three exemplary video sequences. The acquired results show that the dynamics of change of the visible picture, the FVF and classier functions are directly related, although with a signicant amount of additional noise. As a conclusion, a new method of developing automatic classicators is proposed for further research.
Jakość wody w małych wiejskich wodociągach w województwie pomorskim w latach 2000 – 2004
- Rafał Bray
2013
W publikacji poddano ocenie jakość wody w małych wiejskich wodociągach bezpośrednio przed przystąpieniem Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Analizie poddano 79 losowo wybranych wiejskich wodociągów publicznych województwa pomorskiego, z około 740 tego typu obiektów w województwie. Zdecydowana większość poddanych analizie wodociągów (ok. 90%) zaopatrywała do 1500 mieszkańców a produkcja wody nie przekraczała 350 m3/dobę. Jedynie w około 17 % wodociągów woda, w całym badanym okresie, w pełni spełniała wymagania jakościowe wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi. W pozostałych wodociągach notowano stałe, bądź okresowe przekroczenia od 1 do nawet 6 parametrów jednocześnie, przy czym w większości przypadków przekroczenia dotyczyły nie więcej niż 3 parametrów jednocześnie. Najczęściej przekraczanymi były żelazo, mangan oraz mętność, a problemy z tymi parametrami miało około ¾ wodociągów. Stosunkowo często notowano również przekroczenie dopuszczalnych wartości amoniaku, utlenialności oraz barwy a problemy z tymi wskaźnikami dotyczyły odpowiednio około 31%, 28% oraz 16% wodociągów. W około 15% wodociągów obserwowano okresowe przekroczenia parametrów bakteriologicznych, w tym również bakterii z grupy coli.
Jakość wód Potoku Oliwskiego i rzeki Redy oraz ich wpływ na przybrzeżne kąpieliska w aspekcie nowych przepisów prawnych.
- Katarzyna Tarasewicz
- Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Katarzyna Jankowska
2013 Full text Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
Charakterystyka rejonów Potoku Oliwskiego i rzeki Reda. Potencjalne źródła zanieczyszczeń badanych obszarów. Aspekty prawne dotyczące oceny jakości wód powierzchniowych i wody w morskich kąpieliskach przybrzeżnych. Badania fizykochemiczne i zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologiczne analizowanych cieków oraz ich wpływ na wody przybrzeżne.
Jan Buczkowski, widok z okna, view from the window
- Jan Buczkowski
2013
Katalog wystawy indywidualnej sztuki, która miała miejsce w Gdańskiej Galerii Güntera Grassa w terminie 2.03 – 14.04.2013. Katalog liczy 32 strony i zawiera tekst krytyczny oraz notę biograficzną autora w języku polskim i angielskim, oraz 17 kolorowych reprodukcji prac. Wydawcą katalogu jest Gdańska Galeria Güntera Grassa. ISBN 978-83-935408-3-9.
Janusz Osicki Malarstwo – Przypadek mój sojusznik
- Janusz Osicki
2013
Druk towarzyszący wystawie, która odbyła się w Galerii od czasu do czasu w Gdyni w 2013 roku. Publikacja liczy 4 strony i zawiera 4 reprodukcje prac i notę biograficzną w języku polskim.
Janusz Osicki Techniki mieszane
- Janusz Osicki
2013
Druk towarzyszący wystawie, która odbyła się w Zakliczyńskim Centrum Kultury w Galerii Poddasze w Ratuszu w Zakliczynie w terminie 8.02 – 6.03. 2013 roku. Publikacja liczy 4 strony i zawiera 2 reprodukcje prac i notę biograficzną w języku polskim.