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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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  • PUBLICZNE ŚRODKI TRANSPORTOWE A SAMOCHÓD ELEKTRYCZNY W OBSŁUDZE PODRÓŻY MIEJSKICH W METROPOLII TRÓJMIEJSKIEJ
    • Dariusz Karkosiński
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Michał Pacholczyk
    • Wojciech Kustra
    2017

    Metropolia trójmiejska ma wyjątkowo negatywne uwarunkowania terenowe dla funkcjonowania i rozwoju sieci komunikacji publicWyznej. Dzielnice położone w tzw. dolnym tarasie są dobrze skomunikowane za pomocą linii SKM i tramwajowych. Jedynie te środki komunikacji szynowej, przy częstotliwości połączeń nie większej niż co 10 minut, są konkurencyjne dla indywidualnych dojazdów samochodami osobowymi. Natomiast autobusy i trolejbusy utykające na pozostałych kierunkach w korkach na mało drożnych ulicach nie będą atrakcyjną alternatywą dla samochodów, nawet przy ostatnio postępującej eskalacji utrudnień dla kierowców. Dodatkowym utrudnieniem dla chcących podróżować komunikacją zbiorową są skomplikowane taryfy i rodzaje biletów metropolitalnych. Należy więc rozważyć przyszłość używania samochodów osobowych w dojazdach w Metropolii, w tym samochodów elektrycznych, które charakteryzują się znacznie niższymi kosztami eksploatacji. Metropolia trójmiejska z racji położenia wzdłuż 54 stopnia szerokości geograficznej północnej charakteryzuje się niskim nasłonecznieniem. Ponadto, w czasie sezonu jesienno-zimowego sezonów, krótkie dni utrudniają pełne wykorzystanie potencjału elektrowni fotowoltaicznych do bezpośredniego ładowania samochodu elektrycznego. Dodatkowo, zapotrzebowanie mocy samochodu w czasie jazdy w tych porach roku znacznie podnosi się ze względu na konieczność używania w samochodzie elektrycznego ogrzewania, wycieraczek i oświetlenia zewnętrznego pojazdu. Dlatego przeprowadzono badania ładowania samochodu NISSAN LEAF za pośrednictwem stacyjnej baterii akumulatorów ładowanej z lokalnej elektrowni słonecznej, z której następnie nocnego ładowania samochodu elektrycznego z baterii akumulatorów i sprawdzanie zasięgu jazdy miejskiej w ciągu kolejnego dnia. Poprzez odpowiednie łączniki przyłączano w ciągu dnia falowniki (inwertery) tych baterii do przekształtnika dwukierunkowego baterii akumulatorów stacyjnych. Energię zgromadzoną w akumulatorach wykorzystywano po zmierzchu do ładowania samochodu elektrycznego. W ciągu dnia rejestrowano trasę jazdy oraz parametry mechaniczne i elektryczne samochodu.

  • QoS/QoE in the Heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT)
    • Krzysztof Nowicki
    • Tadeus Uhl
    2017

    Applications provided in the Internet of Things can generally be divided into three categories: audio, video and data. This has given rise to the popular term Triple Play Services. The most important audio applications are VoIP and audio streaming. The most notable video applications are VToIP, IPTV, and video streaming, and the service WWW is the most prominent example of data-type services. This chapter elaborates on the most important techniques for measuring QoS/QoE in VoIP, VToIP/IPTV and WWW applications.

  • Qualitative characteristics and comparison of volatile fraction of vodkas made from different botanical materials by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and the electronic nose based on the technology of ultra-fast gas chromatography
    • Paulina Wiśniewska
    • Magdalena Śliwińska
    • Tomasz Dymerski
    • Waldemar Wardencki
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2017 JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

    BACKGROUND Vodka is a spirit-based beverage made from ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin. At present, increasingly more vodka brands have labels that specify the botanical origin of the product. Until now, the techniques for distinguishing between vodkas of different botanical origin have been costly, time-consuming and insufficient for making a distinction between vodka produced from similar raw materials. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to find a fast and relatively inexpensive technique for conducting such tests. RESULTS In the present study, we employed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and an electronic nose based on the technology of ultra-fast GC with chemometric methods such as partial least square discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy. CONCLUSION Both techniques allow a distinction between the vodkas produced from different raw materials. In the case of GC×GC, the differences between vodkas were more noticeable than in the analysis by electronic nose; however, the electronic nose allowed the significantly faster analysis of vodkas.

  • Qualitative evaluation of distributed clinical systems supporting research teams working on large-scale data
    • Tomasz Dziubich
    2017 Full text TASK Quarterly

    Inthispaper,fivecontemporaryscalablesystemstosupportmedicalresearchteams are presented. Their functionalities extend from heterogeneous unstructured data acquisition through large-scale data storing, to on-the-fly analyzing by using robust methods. Such kinds of systems can be useful in the development of new medical procedures and recommendation rules for decision support systems. A short description of each of them is provided. Further, a set of the most important features is selected, and a comparison based-on it is performed. The need for high performance computing is emphasized. A general discussion how to improve the existing solutions or develop new ones in the future is also presented.

  • Qualitative Indicators Used to Select the Placement and Parameters of Energy Storage Installed in the Distribution Network
    • Agata Szultka
    • Robert Małkowski
    • Seweryn Szultka
    2017 Full text Acta Energetica

    The technology related to energy storage has developed in recent years. Continuous improvement of the solutions available on the market resulted in wider usability of energy storage. They are also increasingly used in a distribution network. This study contains a synthesised description of physical features of the energy storage used in distribution networks. Several criteria of algorithms used to determine the placement and parameters of energy storage are discussed. In a synthesised manner, the usability level of the given storage type to achieve the assumed optimisation criterion is shown.

  • Quality Aspects in Digital Broadcasting and Webcasting Systems: Bitrate versus Loudness
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Sławomir Gajewski
    • Jacek Stefański
    2017 Full text Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

    In this paper the quality aspects of bitrate and loudness in digital broadcasting and webcasting systems are examined. The authors discuss a survey concerning user preferences related with processing and managing audio content. The coding efficiency of a popular audio format is analyzed in the context of storing media. An objective study on a representative group of signal samples, as well as a subjective study of the perceived quality of real-time broadcasted and webcasted radio programs are performed.

  • Quantification of ultrafine airborne particulate matter generated by the wear of car brake materials
    • Oleksii Nosko
    • Ulf Olofsson
    2017 Full text WEAR

    The wear of car brakes is one of the main sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. Ultrafine wear particles are of special environmental interest since they can easily penetrate the human body through inhalation and cause various diseases. In the present study, the contribution of ultrafine particles to airborne particulate matter emitted from car brake materials was investigated under different friction conditions. Particles were generated using a pin-on-disc machine located in a sealed chamber and analysed in terms of number, volume and mass concentrations. It was found that temperature has a strong influence on the size distribution of the emitted particles. At temperatures below 200 °C, the ultrafine particles make no measurable contribution to the mass concentration of airborne particles with diameters smaller than 10 µm (PM10). However, at temperatures above 200 °C, the mass fraction of the ultrafine particles in PM10 reaches tens of percent. In general, this fraction increases with the temperature and decreases with the sliding duration. The mass contribution of ultrafine wear particles to PM10 is substantial, and it should not be neglected in environmental and tribological studies.

  • Quantum Coherence as a Resource
    • Alexander Streltsov
    • Gerardo Adesso
    • Martin B. Plenio
    2017 Full text REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS

    The coherent superposition of states, in combination with the quantization of observables, represents one of the most fundamental features that mark the departure of quantum mechanics from the classical realm. Quantum coherence in many-body systems embodies the essence of entanglement and is an essential ingredient for a plethora of physical phenomena in quantum optics, quantum information, solid state physics, and nanoscale thermodynamics. In recent years, research on the presence and functional role of quantum coherence in biological systems has also attracted a considerable interest. Despite the fundamental importance of quantum coherence, the development of a rigorous theory of quantum coherence as a physical resource has only been initiated recently. In this Colloquium we discuss and review the development of this rapidly growing research field that encompasses the characterization, quantification, manipulation, dynamical evolution, and operational application of quantum coherence.

  • Quantum entanglement in time
    • Marcin Nowakowski
    2017 Full text AIP Conference Proceedings

    In this paper we present a concept of quantum entanglement in time in a context of entangled consistent histories. These considerations are supported by presentation of necessary tools closely related to those acting on a space of spatial multipartite quantum states. We show that in similarity to monogamy of quantum entanglement in space, quantum entanglement in time is also endowed with this property for a particular history. Basing on these observations, we discuss further bounding of temporal correlations and derive analytically the Tsirelson bound implied by entangled histories for the Leggett-Garg inequalities.

  • Quantum Steering Inequality with Tolerance for Measurement-Setting Errors: Experimentally Feasible Signature of Unbounded Violation
    • Adam Rutkowski
    • Adam Buraczewski
    • Paweł Horodecki
    • Magdalena Stobińska
    2017 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

    uantum steering is a relatively simple test for proving that the values of quantum-mechanical measurement outcomes come into being only in the act of measurement. By exploiting quantum correlations, Alice can influence — steer — Bob ’ s physical system in a way that is impossible in classical mechanics, as shown by the violation of steering inequalities. Demonstrating this and similar quantum effects for systems of increasing size, approaching even the classical limit, is a long-standing challenging problem. Here, we prove an experimentally feasible unbounded violation of a steering inequality. We derive its universal form where tolerance for measurement-setting errors is explicitly built in by means of the Deutsch – Maassen – Uffink entropic uncertainty relation. Then, generalizing the mutual unbiasedness, we apply the inequality to the multisinglet and multiparticle bipartite Bell state. However, the method is general and opens the possibility of employing multiparticle bipartite steering for randomness certification and development of quantum technologies, e.g., random access codes.

  • Quasi-resonant DC-link voltage inverter with enhanced zero-voltage switching control
    • Marek Turzyński
    • Piotr Chrzan
    • Maciej Kolincio
    • Stefan Burkiewicz
    2017

    A new topology modification of the parallel quasi-resonant circuit for a dc-link voltage inverter enables regulation of the zero voltage dc-link subperiods and the dc-link voltage gradient settings. The proposed circuit is based on four MOSFET switches with free-wheeling diodes for controlled quasi-resonant recharging between L-C tank in order to assure inverter zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions. Design optimization of the prototype quasi-resonant inverter and timing sequences for common mode voltage reduction are described. Preliminary experimental results confirm precise controllability of the inverter ZVS operation.

  • Radar time budget optimization subject to angle accuracy constraint via cognitive approach
    • Michal Meller
    2017 Full text

    The problem of minimizing dwell time in multifunction phased array radar is considered. Target of interest is assumed to fluctuate according to a generalization of Swerling family and the parameters of fluctuation model are assumed to be known. The a'priori position of the target is uncertain. Optimization, whose variables include pulse count and array transmit beampattern, is carried out subject to achieving a desired accuracy of angular coordinate estimates.

  • Radio Channel Measurements in 868 MHz Off-Body Communications in a Ferry Environment
    • Krzysztof Cwalina
    • Sławomir Ambroziak
    • Piotr Rajchowski
    • Luis M. Correia
    2017

    In this paper, a characterization of the 868 MHz off-body radio channel in BANs is presented. Measurements were carried out in a ferry environment using a specific set-up. A method for path loss using radio distance measurements (RDMs) was developed. It allows to automate the measurements process and make it independent from the variable speed of a moving person. Based on the observed path loss as a function of distance, the obtained values are divided into Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions. The results show that, in LOS, the smallest path loss mean value (67.79 dB) and standard deviation (3.87 dB) were obtained for the placement of the mobile node (MN) on the chest (TOF) of a moving person in an approaching scenario (APR). In NLOS, the lowest path loss mean value (71.57 dB) was also obtained for the same scenario. In other scenarios, more than approximately 5 dB higher path loss mean value was obtained.

  • Radio Channel Measurements in Off-Body Communications in a Ferry Passenger Cabin
    • Paweł Tomasz Kosz
    • Sławomir Ambroziak
    • Luis M. Correia
    2017

    This paper presents an off-body radio channel measurements in a ferry passenger cabin at 2.45 GHz band, for static sleeping scenarios with different body orientation and on-body antennas placements, and also for upper and lower sleeping berths. The measurements have been performed with two types of on-body wearable receiving antennas: FlexPIFA (flexible planar inverted F antenna), and FlexNotch (flexible adhesive-backed notch antenna) and one patch off-body transmitting antenna. The measurement equipment, measurement environment and investigated scenarios are described. A preliminary analysis of the results – the mean value (μ) and standard deviation (σ) – is presented. In general, the propagation path loss mainly depends on the type and location of the receiving antennas, and also on the body orientation during sleeping and surrounding elements of environment. The lowest mean path loss values (both below 56 dB) were obtained for upper sleeping berth and scenario, where receiving FlexPIFA antennas were mounted on chest and back during lying on the left side. In contrast, the highest values (both over 70 dB) were obtained for upper sleeping berth and scenario, where FlexNotch antennas were mounted on chest and right wrist during lying on the left side. Moreover, the standard deviation varies in a range from 3.7 dB up to 8.0 dB for all cases.

  • Radiowe sieci BAN
    • Sławomir Ambroziak
    2017 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy z zakresu radiowych sieci BAN, w tym zagadnienia podstawowe (tj. definicję radiowych sieci BAN, ich klasyfikację i dostępne pasma częstotliwości), właściwości elektryczne ciała człowieka, zagadnienia warstwy fizycznej oraz zagadnienia antenowe. Zaprezentowano również możliwe źródła zasilania, zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa danych i bezpieczeństwa człowieka, a także omówiono zastosowania tych sieci wraz z wymaganiami im stawianymi.

  • Rapid and Green Separation of Mono- and Diesters of Monochloropropanediols by Ultrahigh Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Using Neat Carbon Dioxide as a Mobile Phase
    • Firas Jumaah
    • Renata Marcinkowska
    • Justyna Gromadzka
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Sofia Essén
    • Charlotta Turner
    • Margareta Sandahl
    2017 Full text JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

    This study demonstrates the effect of column selectivity and density of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) on the separation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters, known as food toxicants, using SC-CO2 without addition of cosolvent in ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS). This study shows that over 20 2-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD) and 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) mono- and diesters are separated on a 2-picolylamine column in less than 12 min. The presence and position of a hydroxyl group in the structure, the number of unsaturated bonds, and the acyl chain length play a significant role in the separation of MCPD esters. The flow rate, backpressure, and column oven temperature, which affect the density of the mobile phase, were shown to have a substantial impact on retention, efficiency, and selectivity. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of MCPD esters in refined oils and showed a close to excellent green analysis score using the Analytical Eco-Scale.

  • Rapid Characterization of the Human Breast Milk Lipidome Using a Solid-Phase Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach.
    • Dorota Garwolińska
    • Weronika Hewelt-Belka
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    2017 Full text JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH

    Human breast milk (HBM) is a biofluid consisting of various biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and bioactive substances. Due to its unique and complex composition, HBM provides not only nutritional components required for the growth of the infant, but also additional protection against infections. Global insight into the composition of HBM is crucial to understanding the health benefits infants receive from breastfeeding and could be used to improve the composition of milk formula for babies that cannot be breastfed. To improve global profiling of the HBM lipidome, a new analytical approach based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed. The new extraction method allows for the rapid and simple extraction of a broad range of lipids directly from HBM samples. Moreover, the optimized two-step lipid extraction protocol ensures high lipidome coverage without using toxic solvents such as chloroform. The use of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) and an automated search of a lipid database allows comprehensive identification of the lipids contained in HBM. The demonstrated analytical approach based on SPME sample preparation and LC-Q-TOF-MS is rapid, free of toxic solvents and suited for the qualitative analysis of the HBM lipid composition.

  • Rapid design optimization of compact couplers using response features and adjoint sensitivities
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    2017

    A technique for rapid EM-driven design optimization of compact microwave couplers is presented. Our approach exploits response features and adjoint sensitivities and allows for low-cost design closure both in terms of performance enhancement and structure miniaturization. It is demonstrated using a compact rat-race coupler working at 1 GHz and compared to adjoint-based gradient optimization.

  • Rapid dimension scaling of compact microwave couplers with power split correction
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • John Bandler
    2017

    In this paper, a technique for rapid re-design ofcompact microwave couplers with respect to operating frequency is discussed. Our methodology involves an inverse surrogate model setup using several reference designs optimized (at the level of equivalent circuit representation of the coupler) for a set of operating frequencies within a range of interest. The surrogate establishes the relationship between the operating frequency and geometry parameter values. Upon suitable correction, it can be utilized to re-design the coupler at the EM simulation model level. Further correction—derived from sensitivity analysis of the equivalent network model—is introduced to ensure an equal power split of scaled structure. The overall computational cost of the redesign process, including both correction stages, corresponds to only two EM analyses of the circuit. Our considerations are illustrated using a compact microstrip rat-race coupler scaled for the operating frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 2.5 GHz.

  • Rapid dimension scaling of triple-band antennas by means of inverse surrogate modeling
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    2017

    Geometry scaling of antennas, i.e., finding optimum dimensions of the structure for given operating conditions and material parameters is an important yet challenging problem. In this paper, we discuss fast dimension scaling of triple-band antennas with respect to operating frequencies. We adopt the inverse surrogate modeling approach where the surrogate model is a function of the three operating frequencies of the antenna and returns the values of its geometry parameters. Because the surrogate is constructed at the level of coarse-mesh lectromagnetic (EM) simulation model, a correction is implemented to allow antenna scaling at a high-fidelity model level. Our considerations are illustrated using a triple-band uniplanar dipole antenna.