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Publications from the year 2018
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Vibration testing in buildings and safety of their operation
- Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
- Agata Siemaszko
The paper presents the issue of vibrations in residential buildings located near roads. It describes the measurement methodology and criteria for assessing the impact of vibrations generated by passing trucks. The article specifies a method to establish the impact on the operation of the examined facilities and it promotes the idea of employing a Bayesian network to determine probabilistically the level of risk to single-family houses.
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Video Classification Technology in a Knowledge-Vision-Integration Platform for Personal Protective Equipment Detection: An Evaluation
- Caterine De
- Cesar Sanin
- Edward Szczerbicki
This work is part of an effort for the development of a Knowledge-Vision Integration Platform for Hazard Control (KVIP-HC) in industrial workplaces, adaptable to a wide range of industrial environments. This paper focuses on hazards resulted from the non-use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and examines a few supervised learning techniques to compose the proposed system for the purpose of recognition of three protective equipment: hard hat, gloves and boots. In the KVIP-HC, classifiers, feature images and any context information are represented explicitly using the Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS), grouped and stored as Decisional DNA (DDNA). The collected knowledge is used for reasoning and to reinforce the system from time to time, customizing the service according to each scenario and application. Therefore, in choosing the classification methodology that best suits the application, processing time for training (once the system will be eventually reinforced in real time), accuracy, detection time and the predictor sizes (for the purpose of storing data) are analyzed to propose the most reasonable candidates to compose the platform.
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Virtual spring damper method for nonholonomic robotic swarm self-organization and leader following
- Jakub Wiech
- Victor Eremeev
- Ivan Giorgio
In this paper, we demonstrate a method for self-organization and leader following of nonholonomic robotic swarm based on spring damper mesh. By self-organization of swarm robots we mean the emergence of order in a swarm as the result of interactions among the single robots. In other words the self-organization of swarm robots mimics some natural behavior of social animals like ants among others. The dynamics of two-wheel robot is derived, and a relation between virtual forces and robot control inputs is defined in order to establish stable swarm formation. Two cases of swarm control are analyzed. In the first case the swarm cohesion is achieved by virtual spring damper mesh connecting nearest neighboring robots without designated leader. In the second case we introduce a swarm leader interacting with nearest and second neighbors allowing the swarm to follow the leader. The paper ends with numeric simulation for performance evaluation of the proposed control method.
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Visible light photocatalysis employing TiO2/SrTiO3-BiOI composites: Surface properties and photoexcitation mechanism
- Martyna Marchelek
- Ewelina Grabowska
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Wojciech Lisowski
- Paweł Mazierski
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
A series of binary TiO2/SrTiO3 and ternary TiO2/SrTiO3_BiOI composites have been synthesized using multistep preparation method. Characterization of the obtained photocatalysts covered complex analysis including morphology + y (SEM), BET specific surface area, porosity, optical properties (DRS), chemical composition of surface (XPS), crystal structure and crystal size (XRD). UV–vis and Vis ligh induced photocatalytic activity was investigated in the model reaction of phenol degradation in the aqueous phase. The powder TiO2/SrTiO3_BiOI ternary composites exhibited a new photocatalytic properties and could be used in the heterogeneous photocatalysis processes. The photocatalytic activity observed in the phenol degradation reaction significantly increased under the visible light range irradiation. The best photocatalytic activity was observed for the TiO2/SrTiO3_BiOI_4 sample, about 30.2 % of phenol was decomposed after 1 h of visible light irradiation. The utilization of the nanolayered materials facilitates the separation of photocatalysts from the aqueous phase. Moreover, the composite was easily reused without the significant decrease of the photocatalytic activity in three subsequent cycles. After 5 h of Vis irradiation of the isotopically labeled (1-13C) phenol solution in the presence of the TiO2/SrTiO3_BiOI_4 composite, the salicylic, maleic, fumaric and malonic acids were detected using GC–MS equipment. The identification of degradation by-products led to clarification of phenol decomposition pathway. The role of active species during the decomposition process of organic compound was investigated using different types of active species scavengers.
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Visual and Auditory Attention Stimulator for Assisting Pedagogical Therapy
- Łukasz Kosikowski
- Andrzej Czyżewski
- Andrzej Senderski
Visual and auditory attention stimulator provides a system developed in order to improve reading skills using simultaneous presentation of text in its visual form and in transformed auditory form accompanied by related movie material. The described research employed 40 children at the age of 8 13 years having difficulties in learning of reading, who were diagnosed as having developmental dyslexia. It was shown that application of the proposed method could improve reading skills in those children. The effectiveness of the method has been shown primarily using the D2 attention test designed by R. Brickenkamp in its Polish adaptation made by E. Dajek.
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Visual Management as the support in building the concept of continuous improvement in the enterprise
- Adam Lewiński
The following article presents one of the selected tools of the Lean Management concept – visual management. This method enables enterprises to strengthen their process of continuous improvement. Due to the support of visual management, it is possible to manage information more effectively by the managerial board and to improve communication process within in the particular company. In the first part, the author describes the concept of Lean Management. Then the idea of continuous improvement is explained, which is the fundament of this Japanese management concept. In the third part, the author presents the visual management in its business environment. The last part of the paper tackles the tools, firmly based on the visual management, that function in the manufacturing enterprises surveyed by the author.
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Visual method for detecting critical damage in railway contact strips
- Sławomir Judek
- Jacek Skibicki
Ensuring an uninterrupted supply of power in the electric traction is vital for the safety of this important transport system. For this purpose, monitoring and diagnostics of the technical condition of the vehicle's power supply elements are becoming increasingly common. This paper presents a new visual method for detecting contact strip damage, based on measurement and analysis of the movement of the overhead contact line (OCL) wire. A measurement system configuration with a 2D camera was proposed. The experimental method has shown that contact strips damage can be detected by transverse displacement signal analysis. It has been proven that the velocity signal numerically established on that basis has a comparable level in the case of identical damage, regardless of its location on the surface of the contact strip. The proposed method belongs to the group of contact-less measurements, so it does not require interference with the structure of the catenary network nor the mounting of sensors in its vicinity. Measurement of displacements of the contact wire in 2D space makes it possible to combine the functions of existing diagnostic stands assessing the correctness of the mean contact force control adjustment of the current collector with the elements of the contact strip diagnostics, which involves detecting their damage which may result in overhead contact line rupture.
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Visual perception of vowels from static and dynamic cues
- Arkadiusz Rojczyk
- Tomasz Ciszewski
- Grzegorz Szwoch
- Andrzej Czyżewski
The purpose of the study was to analyse human identification of Polish vowels from static and dynamic durationally slowed visual cues. A total of 152 participants identified 6 Polish vowels produced by 4 speakers from static (still images) and dynamic (videos) cues. The results show that 59% of static vowels and 63% of dynamic vowels were successfully identified. There was a strong confusion between vowels within front, central, and back classes. Finally, correct identification strongly depended on speakers, showing that speakers differ significantly in how “clearly” they produce vowel configurations
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Visually validated semi-automatic high-frequency oscillation detection aides the delineation of epileptogenic regions during intra-operative electrocorticography
- Shennan Aibel Weiss
- Brent Berry
- Inna Chervoneva
- Zachary Waldman
- Jonathan Guba
- Mark R. Bower
- Michał Tomasz Kucewicz
- Benjamin Brinkmann
- Vaclav Kremen
- Fatemeh Khadjevand
- Yogatheesan Varatharajah
- Hari Guragain
- Ashwini Sharan
- Chengyuan Wu
- Richard Staba
- Jerome Engel Jr.
- Michael R. Sperling
- Gregory Worrell
OBJECTIVE: To test the utility of a novel semi-automated method for detecting, validating, and quantifying high-frequency oscillations (HFOs): ripples (80-200 Hz) and fast ripples (200-600 Hz) in intra-operative electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings. METHODS: Sixteen adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) had intra-operative ECoG recordings at the time of resection. The computer-annotated ECoG recordings were visually inspected and false positive detections were removed. We retrospectively determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV/NPV) of HFO detections in unresected regions for determining post-operative seizure outcome. RESULTS: Visual validation revealed that 2.81% of ripple and 43.68% of fast ripple detections were false positive. Inter-reader agreement for false positive fast ripple on spike classification was good (ICC = 0.713, 95% CI: 0.632-0.779). After removing false positive detections, the PPV of a single fast ripple on spike in an unresected electrode site for post-operative non-seizure free outcome was 85.7 [50-100%]. Including false positive detections reduced the PPV to 64.2 [57.8-69.83%]. CONCLUSIONS: Applying automated HFO methods to intraoperative electrocorticography recordings results in false positive fast ripple detections. True fast ripples on spikes are rare, but predict non-seizure free post-operative outcome if found in an unresected site. SIGNIFICANCE: Semi-automated HFO detection methods are required to accurately identify fast ripple events in intra-operative ECoG recordings.
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Vocalic Segments Classification Assisted by Mouth Motion Capture
- Sebastian Cygert
- Grzegorz Szwoch
- Szymon Zaporowski
- Andrzej Czyżewski
Visual features convey important information for automatic speech recognition (ASR), especially in noisy environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate to what extent visual data (i.e. lip reading) can enhance recognition accuracy in the multi-modal approach. For that purpose motion capture markers were placed on speakers' faces to obtain lips tracking data during speaking. Different parameterizations strategies were tested and the accuracy of phonemes recognition in different experiments was analyzed. The obtained results and further challenges related to the bi-modal feature extraction process and decision systems employment are discussed.
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Warstwy tlenkowe TiO2 oraz MoO3 jako fotoanody aktywne w świetle widzialnym
- Mariusz Szkoda
Niniejsza rozprawa doktorska poświęcona jest opracowaniu metod otrzymywania i charakterystyki warstw elektrodowych dwóch półprzewodników tlenkowych a) TiO2 i b) MoO3, jako potencjalnych fotoanod aktywnych w świetle widzialnym. Zakres pracy doktorskiej obejmuje: a) opracowanie metody wytwarzania nanorurek ditlenku tytanu (TiO2NT) oraz ich modyfikację prowadzącą do zwiększenia fotoaktywności i pojemności elektrycznej, a także charakterystykę otrzymanych materiałów przy użyciu technik fizyki ciała stałego (m.in. XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, SIMS, spektroskopii Ramana, spektroskopii UV-Vis) oraz metod fotoelektrochemicznych i elektrochemicznych. Modyfikacja warstw TiO2NT została realizowana poprzez: domieszkowanie wybranymi niemetalami: azotem, jodem, borem; aktywację warstwy nanorurek TiO2 na drodze wodorowania umożliwiającą efektywne osadzenie warstwy polimeru przewodzącego; wytworzenie organiczno-nieorganicznych materiałów kompozytowych, składających się z wodorowanych nanorurek ditlenku tytanu oraz polimeru przewodzącego (pEDOT) bez lub z siecią nieorganiczną błękitu pruskiego oraz utworzenie trwałego nieorganicznego kompozytu, zawierającego centra żelazowe o różnej walencyjności: Fe(0), Fe(Il), Fe(III), które są zdyspergowane w matrycy węgla sp2 domieszkowanego azotem, (TNT@C:Fe). b) opracowanie metody wytwarzania warstw MoO3 oraz określenia wpływu morfologii i struktury elektrochemicznie otrzymanego materiału na właściwości elektrochemiczne, fotoelektrochemiczne oraz fotokatalityczne. Kontrola procesu anodyzacji Mo, prowadzona poprzez dobór parametrów elektrolizy oraz dobór składu elektrolitu, miała na celu określenie warunków pozwalających na uzyskanie uporządkowanej orientacji kryształów MoO3 w warstwie potencjalnego fotokatalizatora. Wykazano wpływ fotointerkalacji na właściwości fotokatalityczne trójtlenku molibdenu i zanik fotoelektroaktywności warstw MoO3. Proponowane metody modyfikacji powierzchni tlenków TiO2 i MoO3 okazały się skuteczne, a uzyskane materiały TiO2 i MoO3 wykazywały mierzoną aktywność w świetle słonecznym. Jednak najbardziej perspektywiczny materiał, z uwagi na wysoką fotoelektroaktywność, najwyższą fotostabilność oraz satysfakcjonującą pojemność elektryczną w trakcie cykli ładowania i rozładowania wykazuje elektroda TNT@C:Fe, która została otrzymana w wyniku pirolizy kompozytu złożonego z wodorowanych nanorurek pokrytych warstwą hybrydową złożoną z polimeru pEDOT z siecią nieorganiczną błękitu pruskiego (H-TiO2/pEDOT:Fehcf).
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Wastewater treatment by means of advanced oxidation processes based on cavitation – A review
- Michał Gągol
- Andrzej Przyjazny
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
Hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation combined with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including, among others, the Fenton process, is a promising alternative to the technologies of wastewater treatment technologies in use today. The present review discusses processes based on cavitation combined with AOPs and evaluates their effectiveness in oxidation of organic contaminants. Complete degradation of, among others, p-nitrotoluene, p-aminophenol, 1,4-dioxane, alachlor, chloroform, trichloroethylene, sodium pentachlorophenate and carbon tetrachloride was achieved by using hydrodynamic cavitation or acoustic cavitation alone. Cavitation is also an effective method of disinfection of water. Complete oxidation of hardly degradable organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, insecticides, phenol and its derivatives was observed when using hybrid processes: hydrodynamic or acoustic cavitation combined with the Fenton process, ozonation, hydrogen peroxide, UV irradiation, catalysts and persulfates. The review also discusses the cavitational reactors used in the wastewater treatment and the effect of process parameters (including pH, temperature, concentration and kind of contaminants) on the effectiveness of oxidation. The oxidation effectiveness for individual treatment methods is compared and their advantages and limitations discussed. The analysis of economics of the treatment processes performed to evaluate the possibility of scaling up reveals that the only economical processes should be based on hydrodynamic cavitation (mainly due to low cost of reactors and low consumption of electrical energy compared with ultrasonic reactors).
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Water chemistry of tundra lakes in the periglacial zone of the Bellsund Fiord (Svalbard) in the summer of 2013
- Danuta Szumińska
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Sara Lehmann-Konera
- Łukasz Franczak
- Waldemar Kociuba
- Stanisław Chmiel
- Paweł Kalinowski
- Żaneta Polkowska
Climate changes observed in the Arctic (e.g. permafrost degradation, glacier retreat) may have significant influence on sensitive polar wetlands. The main objectives of this paper are defining chemical features of water within six small arctic lakes located in Bellsund (Svalbard) in the area of continuous permafrost occurrence. The unique environmental conditions of the study area offer an opportunity to observe phenomena influencing water chemistry, such as: chemical weathering, permafrost thawing, marine aerosols, atmospheric deposition and biological inputs. In the water samples collected during the summer 2013, detailed tundra lake water chemistry characteristics regarding ions, trace elements, pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC25) analysis were determined. Moreover, water chemistry of the studied lakes was compared to the water samples from the Tyvjobekken Creek and precipitation water samples. As a final step of data analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed. Detailed chemical analysis allowed us to conclude what follows: (1) Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Sr are of geogenic origin, (2) NO3- present in tundra lakes and the Tyvjobekken Creek water samples (ranging from 0.31 to 1.69 mgL-1 and from 0.25 to 1.58 mgL-1 respectively) may be of mixed origin, i.e. from biological processes and permafrost thawing, (3) high contribution of non-sea-salt SO42->80% in majority of studied samples indicate considerable inflow of sulphate-rich air to the study area, (4) high content of chlorides in tundra lakes (range: 25.6-32.0% meqL-1) indicates marine aerosol influence, (5) PCA result shows that atmospheric transport may constitute a source of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ba and Cd. However, further detailed inter-season and multi-seasonal study of tundra lakes in the Arctic are recommended. Especially in terms of detailed differentiation of sources influence (atmospheric transport vs. permafrost degradation).
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WATER LUBRICATED MAIN SHAFT BEARINGS - MODERN SOLUTION FOR HYDROPOWER INDUSTRY - Experimental and theoretical studies
- Wojciech Litwin
- Matsuoka Iwao
- Noriaki Hirata
Water-lubricated bearings are finding increasingly wide use in various branches of industry. As such, they may also be encountered in hydro power industry. They are also increasingly frequently employed in bearing systems of marine shaft propulsions and water pumps [1]. This rising popularity is due to a number of reasons [2]. First of all, their simple construction has direct impact on the level of pricing which is usually quite attractive. Furthermore, this type of technology fits well into the trend of environmentally-friendly solutions since waterlubricated bearings do not constitute a source of pollution. The lubricating agent - water circulating in a closed system and in the simplest bearings it may even be taken directly from the surroundings.
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Water uptake in protective organic coatings and its reflection in measured coating impedance
- Andrzej Miszczyk
- Kazimierz Darowicki
Water uptake in commercially available epoxy coating on mild steel using impedance spectroscopy and gravimetry was studied. The water content in the coating was determined using the Brasher-Kingsbury equation and various methods of coating capacitance calculation used in the literature. The obtained results were compared with reference gravimetric data. An overestimation of values obtained from impedance data in relation to gravimetric data was observed. It was found that the calculation of the effective coating capacitance needs to use both constant phase element (CPE) parameters. Using principal component analysis (PCA) a strong correlation between them and gravimetric data was found. The use of formula of effective capacitance in the Brasher-Kingsbury equation has allowed to obtain significant compliance with gravimetric data.
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Wavelet Transform Analysis of Temperature Modulated Gas Sensor Response
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Paweł Kalinowski
- Grzegorz Jasiński
- Piotr Jasiński
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether it is possible to extract the information about the gas concentration despite the influence of humidity. Commercial semiconductor sensor response was examined under the application of a periodic temperature change. The data was collected using measurement protocol for different concentrations of ammonia at specified levels of relative humidity. In this work we focused on the evaluation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform analysis results obtained during experimental investigation of the single semiconductor gas sensor in the presence of humidified atmosphere containing ammonia. The results of the analysis show that proposed method enable the possibility of determine the low concentrations of ammonia.
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Wczesne wykrywanie spoofingu GNSS typu carry-off
- Jarosław Magiera
W referacie przedstawiono klasyfikację ataków typu spoofing ukierunkowanych na odbiorniki satelitarnych systemów nawigacyjnych GNSS. W szczególności opisano zaawansowaną formę spoofingu w wariancie tzw. carry-off, polegającym na płynnym przejęciu kontroli nad blokami śledzenia sygnałów w zakłócanym odbiorniku. Sposób realizacji takiego ataku istotnie utrudnia jego wykrycie z użyciem metod dotychczas proponowanych w literaturze. W niniejszym referacie zaprezentowano koncepcję rozwiązania umożliwiającego detekcję spoofingu carry-off w jego wczesnej fazie, a także dokonanie filtracji przestrzennej eliminującej sygnały niepożądane z zachowaniem prawdziwych sygnałów docierających z satelitów GNSS. Zawarto również wyniki badań symulacyjnych potwierdzających użyteczność proponowanej metody przeciwdziałania spoofingowi.
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Web-based real-time simulation system
- Tomasz Karla
- Jarosław Tarnawski
The paper presents the development of a simulation system composed of a real-time plant simulator with real-time controller included in the software-in-the-loop structure using web-based communication. The client-server architecture build in a TCP/IP network environment was introduced, where the server is a computing unit for real-time high temporal resolution plant simulation (and optionally also as controllers' platform) and the web browser application is a client for controller purposes and user interface. Such a structure allows to familiarize user with the simulated plant but also to perform simulation with wide variety of control algorithms and control structures. Division of code into functional groups allows easy modifications and application of new plants and controllers for simulation. A communication latency is crucial element and can be critical in case of specific processes to correctly perform the simulation. Simulator uses previously developed mechanism of step adaptation for keeping up with real-time which allows to follow real-time operation at the expense of results quality. Clear and easy interface for signals exchange between the simulated plant and controllers and simulation was introduced. Management console, which has the ability to present data in form or numerical data or dynamically updated graphs was provided. Users have ability to manage simulation parameters and control chosen variables of the simulation through web browser GUI. Some classic control schemes of the nuclear reactor have been chosen as benchmarks and used with simple test scenarios to present capabilities of the proposed structure.