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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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  • Changes in enzymatic activity of fish and slaughter animals meat after high pressure treatment at subzero temperatures
    • Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
    • Ilona Kołodziejska
    2018 Full text Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

    The aim of this study was to determine changes in the activity of proteolytic enzymes and transglutaminase of fish and mammal meat after pressurization at subzero temperatures. The activity was measured at the optimal pHs determined for enzymes from particular types of tested meat. It was found that increasing the pressure in the range of 60–193 MPa, did not change significantly the activity of acidic proteases of cod flesh, while the activity of neutral and alkaline proteases decreased drastically. Proteolytic enzymes from salmon flesh were more resistant than those from cod flesh. They maintained or increased (neutral protease) activity after pressurization. The activity of the endogenous enzymes of bovine meat increased with pressure increase, except for acidic proteases, the activity of which was reduced after treatment at 193 MPa to the level similar to unpressurized meat. Endogenous proteases of porcine meat were activated by high-pressure treatment. It has been shown that activity of TGase in unpressurized flesh from cod was 5 times higher than that from unpressurized salmon. Depending on the type of meat, these enzymes were also significantly different in their sensitivity to pressure. The pressure of 60 and 193 MPa led to a complete inactivation of the TGase in cod flesh, while the activity of salmon flesh TGase was decreased only by 15 and 21%, respectively.

  • Changes in Functional and Spatial Layouts of Polish Single-Family Houses
    • Marek Sztafrowski
    2018 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    Article presents the evolution of functional and spatial layouts of single-family houses in Poland, with particular emphasis on the functions of a contemporary house. Singlefamily housing constitutes a significant part of the construction market in Poland. The way of forming functions in single-family buildings in the historical cycle has characteristic features resulting from the culture of the society in a given period. The functional and spatial layout of each object is an important part of its architecture. Architecture is the art of organizing space in order to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of man. Building is an essential part of this organization. When we describe the architecture of a building, we mean its form – construction of the body, function, structure and detail, texture and colour. However, a casual observer primarily perceives the appearance of the building – its body and the way it is finished. The construction of the building is usually hidden, invisible to the observer. The investor and future user most often put in the first place the functional layout. The estates of single-family houses are an important part of the modern city landscape. Such estates may consist of free-standing, semi-detached, terraced and atrium buildings. They are developed on the basis of individual projects designed for a specific user, or based on repetitive projects, selected by the investor in cooperation with the architect, from project catalogues of various architectural studios. At the same time, the developer’s estates are being designed, offering ready-made houses, which the future user chooses without the participation of the designer. The most interesting in terms of the functional arrangement and spatial solutions are the projects of unique houses located in atypical situations, both within cities and on their outskirts. In each of these cases, the future user – investor in a decisive way draws attention to the functional layout of the building. The customs prevailing in society, the structure of the family and the style of family life in a given historical period had decisive influence on shaping the functional and spatial systems of single-family buildings. At present, in the era of globalization present in all areas of life, there have been significant changes in the way of life of the family that affect the functional and spatial layout of single-family houses. Global standards in creating the function of buildings are being adopted.

  • Characteristics of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-δ -supported micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells with LaCo 0.4 Ni 0.6-x Cu x O 3-δ cathodes
    • Yi-Xin Liu
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Yung-Fu Hsu
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    In this study, micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (T-SOFCs) with extruded La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte as the mechanical support and LaCo0.4Ni0.6O3-δ (LCNO) or LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ (LCNCO) as cathodes were prepared and characterized. Partial substitution of Cu for the Ni-ion positions in the LCNO lattices was found to significantly enhance the densification and accelerate the grain growth. The porosity-corrected electrical conductivity was significantly increased from 1275 S/cm for LCNO ceramic to 1537 S/cm for LCNCO ceramic, because the acceptor doping was compensated by the formation of hole carriers that produced additional polarons and significantly augmented the electrical conductivity. SOFCs with three configurations were built in this study, including Cell A that had a lanthanum-doped ceria (LDC) buffer layer inserted between the LSGM electrolyte and the LCNCO cathode, Cell B that used an LCNO-LSGM composite cathode, and Cell C that featured an LCNCO-LSGM composite cathode. Among the three cells, Cell C with 263 μm of LSGM electrolyte possessed the lowest Ohmic resistance of 0.89 Ω cm2, a polarization resistance of 0.69 Ω cm2, and the highest maximum power density of 178 mW cm−2 at 750 °C.

  • Characteristics of LaCo 0.4 Ni 0.6-x Cu x O 3-δ ceramics as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
    • Yi-Xin Liu
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Yung-Fu Hsu
    • Hung-Wei Kai
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2018 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

    In this study, the effects of Cu-ion substitution on the densification, microstructure, and physical properties of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that doping with Cu ions not only enhances the densification but also promotes the grain growth of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics. The Cu substitution at x ≤ 0.2 can suppress the formation of La4Ni3O10, while the excess Cu triggers the formation of La2CuO4.032 phase. The p-type conduction of LaCo0.4Ni0.6O3-δ ceramic was significantly raised by Cu substitution because the acceptor doping () triggered the formation of hole carriers; this effect was maximized in the case of LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ composition (1480 S cm−1 at 500 °C). Thermogravimetric data revealed a slight weight increase of 0.29% for LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ compact up to 871 °C; this is due to the incorporation of oxygen that creates metal vacancies and additional carriers, partially compensating the conductivity loss due to the spin-disorder scattering. As the temperature of the LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ compacts rose above 871 °C, significant weight loss with temperature was observed because of the release of lattice oxygen to the ambient air as a result of Co (IV) thermal reduction accompanied by the formation of oxygen vacancies. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) single cell with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (electrolyte) and LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ (cathode) was built and characterized. The Ohmic (0.256 Ω cm2) and polarization (0.434 Ω cm2) resistances of the single cell at 700 °C were determined; and the maximum power density was 0.535 W cm−2. These results show that LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ is a very promising cathode material for SOFC applications.

  • Characterization of home-made and regional fruit wines by evaluation of correlation between selected chemical parameters
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Simeonov Vasil
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2018 Full text MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    Since the last decade of the 20th century, there has been rising interest in the production of fruit wines, as evidenced by the high number of published papers and books covering this matter. When aiming to produce quality fruit wines, it is essential to evaluate the analytical parameters of the beverage. In this context, there are a large number of analyses for the evaluation of wines and fruit wines. This article characterizes the fruit wines made from different fruits using selected parameters (BAs, metals, sulfates, phosphates) by the use of a traditional chemometric technique – hierarchical cluster analysis. To determine the organic compounds, an in situ derivatization coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used. The spectroscopy techniques such as flame photometers, AAS and GF-AAS were applied to determine the selected metals content. Wine made from grapes coming from Polish Vineyard (ANNA de Croy) were also analysed to compare the obtained results. The classification offered allows the identification of unknown wine samples with similar origin to be ordered in some of the patterns formed

  • Charakterystyka czynników modyfikujących skład wód powierzchniowych na obszarach peryglacjalnych o znikomej działalności antropogenicznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem degradacji wieloletniej zmarzliny i recesji lodowców
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    2018 Full text

    Degradacja wieloletniej zmarzliny oraz recesja lodowców są czynnikami modyfikującymi skład chemiczny wód powierzchniowych na wybranych obszarach peryglacjalnych o znikomym wpływie antropopresji na środowisko. Do badań zostały wybrane dwa obszary: (1) Dolina Jezior (Mongolia) oraz (2) zachodnie wybrzeże Zatoki Admiralicji (Wyspa Króla Jerzego). Badania próbek wód obejmowały analizy chemiczne związków organicznych i nieorganicznych (w tym zanieczyszczeń) oraz parametrów fizykochemicznych. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że degradacja wieloletniej zmarzliny w Mongolii wywiera wpływ na skład chemiczny badanych wód. Z kolei na Wyspie Króla Jerzego nie zaobserwowano zjawiska reemisji zanieczyszczeń z pokrywy lodowej. Stwierdzono jednak, że recesja lodowców wpływa na modyfikację składu chemicznego wód przez wzmożoną denudację chemiczną. Wykryte w próbkach wód zanieczyszczenia mogą pochodzić ze źródeł globalnych (np. związki z grupy wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych, WWA) i lokalnych (np. związki z grupy n-alkanów). Stwierdza się także udział globalnych naturalnych źródeł emisji związków z grupy WWA. Nie mniej bez względu na źródło pochodzenia obecność zanieczyszczeń na wybranych obszarach może stanowić przyczynę zaburzenia homeostazy ekosystemów. Podsumowując, można stwierdzić, że przeprowadzone badania: (1) umożliwiają obserwację skutków wpływu obecnego trendu globalnych zmian klimatu na środowisko, który najszybciej widoczny jest w strefach kriosfery oraz (2) pozwalają śledzić los środowiskowy zanieczyszczeń na obszarach o znikomej działalności człowieka.

  • Charakterystyka i właściwości kerogenu w kontekście wzbogacania rud miedzi
    • Katarzyna Kibort
    • Aleksandra Małachowska
    2018

    Scharakteryzowano materię organiczną formacji łupkowych w odniesieniu do jej związku z minerałami metalonośnymi. W szczególności analizowano kerogen, ze względu na właściwości, stan skupienia i związanie z materią mineralną. Zestawiono najbardziej efektywne metody pozwalające na skuteczny rozdział materii organicznej i minerałów metalonośnych ze skał łupkowych, celem uzyskania koncentratu o najwyższej jakości. Omówiono flotację pianową z użyciem maltodekstryny, bakterii Staphylococcus carnosus, ługowanie kwasem siarkowym VI oraz bioługowanie z wykorzystaniem ultradźwięków. Odpowiednia interpretacja właściwości łupka miedzionośnego pod względem zawartości oraz określenia rodzaju materii organicznej – kerogenu i bituminów, może w istotny sposób uefektywnić dobór odpowiednich parametrów oraz przebieg procesów technologicznych prowadzących do zmaksymalizowania uzysku miedzi.

  • Chemistry of human breast milk – a comprehensive review of the composition and role of milk metabolites in child development
    • Dorota Garwolińska
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    • Weronika Hewelt-Belka
    2018 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

    Early nutrition has an enormous influence on a child's physiological function, immune system maturation and cognitive development. Human breast milk (HBM) is recognized as the gold standard for human infant nutrition. Accordingly to WHO report breastfeeding is consider as an unequalled way of providing ideal food to the infant, which is required for his healthy growth and development. HBM contains various macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins) as well as numerous bioactive compounds and interactive elements (growth factors, hormones, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge about metabolites, which are the least understood components of HBM, and their potential role in infant development. We focus on small metabolites (<1500 Da) and characterize the chemical structure and biological function of polar metabolites such as human milk oligosaccharides, nonprotein molecules containing nitrogen (creatine, amino acids, nucleotides, polyamines) and nonpolar lipids. We believe that this manuscript will provide a comprehensive insight into a HBM metabolite composition, chemical structure and their role in a child’s early-life nutrition.

  • Chemometric Assessment and Best-Fit Function Modelling of the Toxic Potential of Selected Food Packaging Extracts
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Miroslava Nedyalkova
    • Vasil Simeonov
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2018 Full text MOLECULES

    Food packaging materials constitute an ever more threatening environmental pollutant. This study examined options to specifically assess the ecotoxicity of packaged wastes, such as cans, subjected to various experimental treatments (in terms of extraction media, time of exposure, and temperature) that imitate several basic conditions of the process of food production. The extracts were studied for their ecotoxicity with bioluminescent Vibrio fischeri bacteria. The first objective of this study was to find patterns of similarity between different experimental conditions; we used multivariate statistical methods, such as hierarchical cluster analysis, to interpret the impact of experimental conditions on the ecotoxicity signals of the package extracts. Our second objective was to apply best-fit function modelling for additional data interpretation, taking into account, that ecotoxicity for various temperature conditions is time- and temperature dependent. We mathematically confirmed that chemometric data treatment allows for better understanding how different experimental conditions imitating the real use of food packaging. We also demonstrate that the level of ecotoxicity depends on different extraction media, time of exposure, and temperature regime.

  • Chiralne katalizatory tiomocznikowe w reakcji stereoselektywnego alkilowania związków heteroaromatycznych
    • Ewelina Najda-Mocarska
    2018 Full text

    Niniejsza praca doktorska podzielona jest na trzy zasadnicze części: wstęp teoretyczny, badania własne oraz część eksperymentalną. Studium literaturowe obejmuje przegląd doniesień z ostatnich lat z dziedziny organokatalizy niekowalenycjnej. Zaprezentowano zakres zastosowań organokatalizatorów tiomocznikowych jednofunkcyjnych i dwufunkcyjnych z uwzględnieniem ograniczeń w strukturze reagentów, roli dodatków katalitycznych i mechanizmu oddziaływania substratów z katalizatorem. Drugi istotny fragment wstępu teoretycznego stanowi kompendium wiedzy na temat arylidenowych pochodnych kwasu Meldruma (2-arylideno-1,3-dioksano-4,6-dionów), z wyszczególnieniem metod ich otrzymywania, zastosowania w wieloetapowych syntezach prowadzących do struktur biologicznie czynnych oraz sposobu ich alkilowania, także stereoselektywnego. Główną częścią pracy są badania własne. Poprzedza je jasno sformułowany cel. Następnie opisane są efekty eksperymentów w zakresie alkilowania heterocyklicznych związków aromatycznych za pomocą arylidenowych pochodnych kwasu Meldruma bez udziału organokatalizatorów oraz w ich obecności. Wyselekcjonowano najefektywniejszą grupę organokatalizatorów- niekowalencyjne jednofunkcyjne organokatalizatory tiomocznikowe. Wyróżniono jedną strukturę, dzięki której po optymalizacji warunków reakcji otrzymano enancjomeryczne produkty o stosunku ilościowym 79:21. Następnie dokonano jej modyfikacji mających docelowo doprowadzić do asymetrycznego przebiegu reakcji. Przeprowadzono syntezę 14 nowych organokatalizatorów. Podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia mechanizmu oddziaływania substratów z organokatlizatorem oraz wpływu poszczególnych elementów budowy organokatalizatora na stereoselektywność procesu. Do oceny wyników pracy służył nadmiar enancjomeryczny produktów. Opracowano metodę określania go na podstawie widm 1HNMR soli diasteroizomerycznych produktów rekcji z (R)-1-fenyloetyloaminą. Część eksperymentalna zawiera procedury otrzymywania związków, analizę spektralną produktów oraz spis instrumentów, z których korzystano podczas realizacji tej pracy.

  • Chłodzenie materii poprzez fluorescencję antystokesowską
    • Jolanta Fieducik
    • Jan Godlewski
    2018 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    nane są różne metody chłodzenia wykorzystujące procesy termodynamiczne, zjawiska termoelektryczne i magnetoelektryczne. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości chłodzenia materii poprzez fluorescencję antystokesowską materiału luminezującego oświetlanego światłem laserowym o określonej długości fali. Materiałami szczególnie korzystnymi są szkła domieszkowane metalami ziem rzadkich n.p. szkło typu ZBLAN, zawierające iterb. Układy takie o niewielkich wymiarach są przeznaczone do chłodzenia elementów elektronicznych na satelitach czy w rakietach do temperatur rzędu 150K.

  • Chosen Analysis Results Of The Prototype Multicell Piezoelectric Motor
    • Roland Ryndzionek
    • Michał Michna
    • Mieczysław Ronkowski
    • Jean-Francois Rouchon
    2018 Full text IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS

    This paper presents the design, modeling and tests of the prototype multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM). A new concept of the electromechanical structure of the considered prototype is based on three rotating-mode actuators. The electromechanical structure of each actuator has been considered as an independent one - referred to as a “single cell” (single actuator). Combined three resonant actuators generate three traveling waves which as a result improve the stability and performance of the MPM. The results of research carried out using analytical, simulation and experimental methods cover the torque vs. speed characteristics of the prototype MPM.

  • Chromatografia gazowa. Teoria i praktyka.
    • Zygfryd Witkiewicz
    • Waldemar Wardencki
    2018

    Chromatografia gazowa jest jedną z najważniejszych metod analitycznych mających zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach, a chromatograf gazowy ? najbardziej rozpowszechnionym przyrządem analitycznym w laboratoriach na świecie. Oto najpełniejsze w języku polskim opracowanie poświęcone chromatografii gazowej napisane przez wybitnych polskich specjalistów z dziedziny chemii analitycznej. Przedstawiono w nim istotę chromatografii gazowej, podano informacje dotyczące aparatury i materiałów chromatograficznych oraz zamieszczono przykłady analiz chromatograficznych. Jest to podręcznik skierowany do studentów i absolwentów wydziałów chemicznych i pokrewnych. Może być także cennym źródłem informacji dla pracowników laboratoriów chemicznych.

  • Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs
    • Olga Otłowska
    • Marek Ślebioda
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
    2018 Full text MOLECULES

    A multi-tool analytical practice was used for the characterisation of a 16th century carpet manufactured in Cairo. A mild extraction method with hydrofluoric acid has been evaluated in order to isolate intact flavonoids and their glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and indigoids from fibre samples. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detectors was used for the identification of possible marker compounds with special attention paid to natural dyes present in the historical samples. Weld, young fustic, and soluble redwood dye were identified as the dye sources in yellow thread samples. Based on the developed method, it was possible to establish that red fibres were coloured with lac dye, whereas green fibre shades were obtained with indigo and weld. Tannin-containing plant material in combination with indigo and weld were used to obtain the brown hue of the thread. Hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ MS) enabled us to recognise four uncommon and thus-far unknown dye components that were also found in the historical samples. These compounds probably represent a unique fingerprint of dyed threads manufactured in a Turkish workshop. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for the identification and characterisation of substrates and mordants present in the historical carpet. Carbon and oxygen were detected in large quantities as a part of the wool protein. The presence of aluminium, iron, and calcium indicated their usage as mordants. Trace amounts of copper, silica, and magnesium might originate from the contaminants. FT-IR analysis showed bands characteristic for woollen fibres and SEM micrographs defined the structure of the wool.

  • Chromatographic separation, determination and identification of ecdysteroids: Focus on Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides, Leuzea carthamoides )
    • Joanna Głazowska
    • Marcin M. Kamiński
    • Marian Antoni Kamiński
    2018 JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE

    The review presents general principles for choosing optimal conditions for ecdysteroid separation, identification, and isolation using HPLC/TLC techniques in RP, NP- HILIC or NP modes. Analytics of ecdyteroids pose a still insufficiently resolved problem. Plant-derived ecdysteroids are a point of interest of pharmaceutical industry and sport medicine due to their postulated adaptogenic and anabolic properties. In insects, ecdysteroids regulate larval transformation. Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides, Leuzea carthamoides), traditional Siberian folk-medicine plant used as stimulant to boost overall health and fitness, is a particularly rich source of a wide variety of phytoecdysteroids. The similarity of molecular structures of ecdysteroids present in its extracts together with high content of unrelated compounds of similar chromatographic characteristics makes optimization of separation, identification and isolation of ecdysteroids a difficult analytical task. In that respect, two-dimensional separations, two-dimensional separations, 2D HPLC or 2D TLC, could be of use. For identification, the hyphenated techniques are particularly important. Thus, comprehensive overview of MS spectral parameters of ecdysteroids is provided. Described principles could easily be applied for separation of ecdysteroids in extracts from other sources. They are also useful for development of separation procedures for isolation of ecysteroids in preparative-scale applications.

  • CIP Security Awareness and Training: Standards and Practice
    • Rafał Leszczyna
    2018 Full text

    These are critical infrastructure employees who have access to the critical cyber assets in the first place. This situation is well recognized by international and national standardization bodies which recommend security education, training and awareness as one of the key elements of critical infrastructure protection. In this chapter the standards are identified and their relevant areas are described. A practical implementation of the recommendations by means of a university course is presented.

  • Classification of Music Genres by Means of Listening Tests and Decision Algorithms
    • Aleksandra Dorochowicz
    • Agata Majdańczuk
    • Piotr Hoffmann
    • Bożena Kostek
    2018

    The paper compares the results of audio excerpt assignment to a music genre obtained in listening tests and classification by means of decision algorithms. A short review on music description employing music styles and genres is given. Then, assumptions of listening tests to be carried out along with an online survey for assigning audio samples to selected music genres are presented. A framework for music parametrization is created resulting in feature vectors, which are checked for data redundancy. Finally, the effectiveness of the automatic music genre classification employing two decision algorithms is presented. Conclusions contain the results of the comparative analysis of the results obtained in listening tests and automatic genre classification.

  • Classification of Polish wines by application of ultra-fast gas chromatography
    • Tomasz Majchrzak
    • Wojciech Wojnowski
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2018 Full text EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

    The potential of ultra-fast gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometric analysis for classification of wine originating from Poland according to the variety of grape used for production was investigated. A total of 44 Polish wine samples differing in the type of grape (and grape growth region) used for the production as well as parameters of the fermentation process, alcohol content, sweetness, and others which characterize wine samples were analysed. The selected features coming from ultra-fast GC analysis were subsequently used as inputs for both principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised machine learning. Using the proposed classification algorithm, it was possible to classify white and red wines according to the variety of grape used for production with a 98.7 and 98.2% accuracy, respectively. The model was characterized by good recall and area under receiver operating characteristic which was 1.000 for white wines and 0.992 for red wines. Cuveé wines (made from various types of grapes) were also successfully classified which leads to the conclusion that the proposed classification method can be used not only to differentiate between wines made from different grapes but also to detect possible adulterations, provided known; non-adulterated samples are available as a reference. The model was also used to classify wine samples based on other features, such as the geographic region in which the vineyard is situated, type of yeast used, the temperature of fermentation, sweetness, etc. In all cases, a high classification accuracy (in most cases > 90%) was achieved. The obtained results could be applied in the wine industry.

  • Closed-loop stimulation of temporal cortex rescues functional networks and improves memory
    • Youssef Ezzyat
    • Paul A. Wanda
    • Deborah F. Levy
    • Allison Kadel
    • Ada Aka
    • Isaac Pedisich
    • Michael R. Sperling
    • Ashwini Sharan
    • Bradley C. Lega
    • Alexis Burks
    • Robert E. Gross
    • Cory S. Inman
    • Barbara C. Jobst
    • Mark A. Gorenstein
    • Kathryn A. Davis
    • Gregory A. Worrell
    • Michał Tomasz Kucewicz
    • Joel M. Stein
    • Richard Gorniak
    • Sandhitsu R. Das
    • Daniel S. Rizzuto
    • Michael J. Kahana
    2018 Full text Nature Communications

    Memory failures are frustrating and often the result of ineffective encoding. One approach to improving memory outcomes is through direct modulation of brain activity with electrical stimulation. Previous efforts, however, have reported inconsistent effects when using open-loop stimulation and often target the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes. Here we use a closed-loop system to monitor and decode neural activity from direct brain recordings in humans. We apply targeted stimulation to lateral temporal cortex and report that this stimulation rescues periods of poor memory encoding. This system also improves later recall, revealing that the lateral temporal cortex is a reliable target for memory enhancement. Taken together, our results suggest that such systems may provide a therapeutic approach for treating memory dysfunction.

  • CNN Architectures for Human Pose Estimation from a Very Low Resolution Depth Image
    • Piotr Szczuko
    2018

    The paper is dedicated to proposing and evaluating a number of convolutional neural network architectures for calculating a multiple regression on 3D coordinates of human body joints tracked in a single low resolution depth image. The main challenge was to obtain a high precision in case of a noisy and coarse scan of the body, as observed by a depth sensor from a large distance. The regression network was expected to reason about relations of body parts based on depth image, and to extract locations of joints. The method involved creation of a dataset with 200,000 realistic depth images of a 3D body model, then training and testing numerous CNN architectures. The results are included and discussed. The achieved accuracy was similar to a reference Kinect algorithm results, with a great advantage of fast processing speed and significantly lower requirements on sensor resolution, as it used 100 times less pixels than Kinect depth sensor.