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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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  • Effect of Acetylation and Beta‐Amylase Treatment on Complexation of Debranched Starch with Naringenin
    • Ana Gonzalez
    • Ya-Jane Wang
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    • Cindi Brownmiller
    • Sun-ok Lee
    2018 STARCH-STARKE

    Starch inclusion complexation has been shown to improve solubility of water insoluble molecules. Potato starch and Hylon VII are acetylated at two levels and then debranched alone or combined with β‐amylase hydrolysis, and its complexes with naringenin are prepared in aqueous conditions and characterized in this study. Both soluble and insoluble complexes are formed with the soluble complex present in the supernatant and the insoluble complex as the precipitate after centrifugation. The recovery of the soluble complexes and the naringenin content increased when starch is acetylated, and further increased when the β‐amylase treatment is included. The naringenin contents in both complexes from Hylon VII are significantly greater than those from potato starch regardless of treatments. The insoluble complexes comprise a greater naringenin content than the soluble counterparts for both starches. FTIR spectra and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry confirm the molecular interaction between starch and naringenin for both complexes. This work is the first to demonstrate that starch derivatives form complexes with naringenin, and both acetylation and the beta‐amylase treatment improve their complexation.

  • Effect of Amino Acids and Sodium Chloride on d-Sorbitol in Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures: Volumetric and Acoustic Approach
    • Dorota Warmińska
    2018 Full text JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY

    Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar compressibilities for d-sorbitol in (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) mol·kg−1 aqueous solutions of l-alanine, l-cysteine and l-histidine and NaCl have been determined from measurements of solution density at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K and sound velocity at T = 298.15 K, as a function of the concentration of the sugar alcohol. The data were used to obtain the limiting apparent molar volumes, limiting apparent molar compressibilities and the corresponding transfer parameters. Limiting apparent molar expansibilities and their second order derivatives and volume interaction coefficients were also estimated. These parameters are discussed in terms of d-sorbitol and co-solute (amino acid or sodium chloride) interactions in aqueous solutions.

  • EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE STABILITY OF PITCH- BASED POLYMER TO THERMO-OXIDATIVE ACTION
    • Iryna Krutko
    • Kateryna Yavir
    • Viacheslav Kaulin
    • Michał Strankowski
    2018 Full text Chemistry & Chemical Technology

    The influence of stabilizers – hydrogen donors – on the processes of thermooxidative destruction of pitch-based polymer has been investigated. It is shown that Irganox has not stabilizing effect on pitch-based polymer and melamine slightly retards the destructive process. A mixture of melamine and Irganox exhibits synergetic stabilizing effect and at the optimum ratio it can be used to prevent unwanted thermooxidative processes during pitch-based polymer preparation.

  • Effect of cobalt addition on the corrosion behaviorof near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy in normal saline solution: electrochemical and XPS studies
    • Nawal D. Alqarni
    • Joanna Wysocka
    • Nader El-bagoury
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Mohammed Amin
    • Rabah Boukherroub
    2018 Full text RSC Advances

    The electrochemical and corrosion (uniform and localized) behavior of a binary Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary Ni52Ti48-xCox (x = 1.5 and 4.0 wt.%) SMAs were studied. Measurements were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 oC employing various electrochemical methods. These include: linear polarization resistance (LPR), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). Such measurements were complemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Results revealed that the addition of alloyed Co to NiTi significantly reduced the uniform corrosion rate of the studied SMA and greatly enhanced its pitting corrosion resistance. XPS measurements evidenced high stability of the passive layer and limited adsorption of chloride ions. Additionally, it was found that the passive layer remained primarily composed of titanium oxides. Microstructure changes accompanying the addition of Co were also used to account for its role in improving the corrosion resistance of these materials.

  • Effect of gelation and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems
    • Patrycja Szumała
    • Izabela Wysocka
    2018 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

    Increased interest in the use of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems for medical, cosmetic and food purposes, promotes the development of research on their physical and chemical stability, and the safety of use. Here, we have for the first time evaluated the oxidative stability of linseed oil dispersed in the microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and their gelled systems, stored under different conditions, and compared to the bulk oil. Oxidative stability was determined by measuring the peroxide value and p-anisidine value of the oil phase. All systems had an identical proportion of oil to surfactant mixture and were obtained by low energy methods. Carbopol 940 was used as the gelator. The influence of sunlight in ambient conditions, elevated temperature, oxygen presence and UV radiation on the oxidation of oil in emulsions was determined. The results indicate different influence of the analyzed conditions on the oxidation stages of individual emulsions. Due to the high transparency and small particle sizes, micro-, nanoemulsions, and particularly their gelled forms were the most sensitive to UV radiation. However, the gelation process inhibited the oxidation caused by temperature and the presence of oxygen. In addition, the results show a counter-intuitive result in that, under all test conditions, the oxidative stability of the oil was higher in emulsions compared to bulk oil.

  • Effect of GIS parameters on modelling runoff from river basin. The case study of catchment in the Puck District
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    • Piotr Zima
    • Dominika Kalinowska
    • Paweł Wielgat
    2018 Full text E3S Web of Conferences

    The study was preceded to check the impact of the adopted digital elevation model resolution on the determination of catchment parameters and the further influence of the received information on calculations related to the hydrograph at the closing point of the basin after a synthetic 100-year precipitation episode. The study area are river basins located in the Puck commune convoying water directly to the Puck Bay. These studies allowed the formulation of the basic assumptions for the research project (in short called WaterPuck) supported by the National Centre for Research and Development.

  • Effect of Hydroxypropylation and Beta-Amylase Treatment on Complexation of Debranched Starch With Naringenin
    • Ana Gonzalez
    • Ya-Jane Wang
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    • Cindi Brownmiller
    • Sun‐ok Lee
    2018 Full text STARCH-STARKE

    Naringenin exhibits many health benefits but it has limited water solubility and consequently low bioavailability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hydroxypropylation and enzymatic treatments on starch complexation with naringenin. Potato starch and Hylon VII are hydroxypropylated to two substitution degrees and then debranched or debranched/β‐amylase treated prior to complexing with naringenin. Both soluble and insoluble complexes are recovered and characterized. An increase in hydroxypropylation level improves recovery of soluble complexes, while total recovery remains unchanged; the β‐amylase treatment further increases soluble complex recovery. For the same treatment, the naringenin content is greater in Hylon VII complexes (6.72–15.15 mg/g) than in potato starch complexes (2.45–11.18 mg/g). Insoluble complexes have greater naringenin contents (3.91–15.15 mg/g) compared to their soluble counterparts (2.45–9.43 mg/g). All complexes exhibit a mixture of B + V X‐ray diffraction pattern. This work is the first one to demonstrate that hydroxypropylated starch forms complexes with naringenin, and an appropriate level of beta‐amylase hydrolysis further improves their complexation.

  • Effect of Individual Components of Lignocellulosic Biomass on Methane Production and Methanogen Community Structure
    • Pokój Tomasz
    • Ewa Klimiuk
    • Katarzyna Bułkowska
    • Przemysław Kowal
    • Sławomir Ciesielski
    2018 Full text Waste and Biomass Valorization

    One of the major factors that influences the economic feasibility of biogas production is the availability of digestible feedstocks. There is little research on the influence of the chemical composition of biomass on biogas synthesis, especially with regard to the content of lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate how differences in the content of cellulose and lignin in lignocellulosic biomass influence the concentrations of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biogas production. Additionally, the structure of the methanogenic community was examined. The removal of fibrous and non-fibrous materials, the concentrations of individual VFAs, methane production and methanogen community structure were examined during digestion of Zea mays L. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus silages. Organics were removed with higher efficiency during the digestion of Z. mays silage than during digestion of M. sacchariflorus. This was due to the higher non-fibrous carbohydrates content in Z. mays than in M. sacchariflorus. In both digesters, propionate predominated throughout experiment. The methanogenic community in the digester fed with Z. mays was more diverse than that in the digester with M. sacchariflorus. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed that six acetoclastic and four hydrogenotrophic methanogens were present in the digester fed with Z. mays L., while five acetoclastic and three hydrogenotrophic methanogens were in the digester fed with M. sacchariflorus. The abundance of Methanosarcina correlated significantly with the concentration of all analyzed VFAs.

  • Effect of MgSO4 nutrition on Theobroma cacao L. susceptibility to Phytophthora megakarya infection
    • Emile Minyaka
    • Banen Madina
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    • Omar Doungous
    • Soungouna Haouni
    • Joseph Hawadak
    • Nicolas Niemenak
    • Denis Ndoumou Omokolo
    2018 Full text PLANT PROTECTION SCIENCE

    A new strategy to reduce the severity of black pod disease (BPD) in T. cacao plants using MgSO4 nutrition was investigated. The dynamics of the tolerance to BPD of 18 susceptible T. cacao plantlets coming from the cross (♀SNK64 × ♂UPA14) was monitored during weekly (8 weeks) supply of MgSO4 into the soil. Prior to MgSO4 application, disease scores of the 18 plantlets (in six sets of three plantlets per set) were varying between 3.5 (susceptible) and 5 (highly susceptible). After MgSO4 application, a substantial decrease in disease scores was observed compared to the control. The percentage of disease tolerance gain of plantlets versus MgSO4 supplied (0–2.96 g) presented a quasi-hyperbolic curve with asymptotic line corresponding to 60% (day 28) and 70% (day 56) Cysteine content was not significantly different between the six triplets before MgSO4 nutrition. On days 28 and 56 of MgSO4 supplementation, cysteine content presented a pattern similar to the tolerance gain of plantlet sets. The monitoring of glutathione content versus MgSO4 supplementation (compared to day 0) showed sigmoid (day 28) and hyperbolic (day 56) curves which were associated with defined mathematical laws determined by MALAB software. Negative and highly significant correlations were observed between disease scores, cysteine and glutathione contents in leaves while positive and highly significant correlations were observed between cysteine and glutathione contents in leaves. These data might mean that MgSO4 nutrition significantly improved the tolerance of T. cacao. The mechanism of tolerance improvement might be associated with the synthesis of sulphur containing compounds.

  • Effect of molar ratio [NCO]/[OH] groups during prepolymer chains extending step on the morphology and selected mechanical properties of final bio‐based thermoplastic poly(ether‐urethane) materials
    • Paulina Kasprzyk
    • Janusz Datta
    2018 POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

    The main aim of this work was to investigate the effect of [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio used during the prepolymer chain extending step (with bio‐based diols) on the chemical structure, and thermomechanical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic poly(ether‐urethane)s. Thermoplastic poly(ether‐urethane)s were obtained from bio‐based polyol (polytrimethylene ether glycol), bio‐based glycol (1,4‐butanediol or 1,3‐propanediol), and 4,4'diphenylmethane diisocyanate via a prepolymer route. In the first step, the prepolymer was synthesized from a polyol and diisocyanate. In the second step, the prepared prepolymer terminated with isocyanate group had been extended by using bio‐glycol at three different [NCO]/[OH] molar ratios, namely, 0.9, 0.95, and 1.0. The chemical structure was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Gaussian deconvolution technique was used to study the hydrogen bonding as well as to decompose carbonyl region of three peaks in various TPUs. It has been confirmed that the glycol type and [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio have an effect on the degree of phase separation, and thermomechanical and mechanical properties of resulting materials. It was also observed that the degree of microphase separation increased with increasing content of 1,3‐propanediol used as a chain extender. Materials with the highest [NCO]/[OH] ratio showed the most favorable mechanical properties.

  • Effect of organic nitrogen concentration on the efficiency of trickling filters
    • Łukasz Kopeć
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Francisco Fernandez-Morales
    2018 Full text E3S Web of Conferences

    The study was conducted in Poland at six selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) based on the trickling filters Bioclere® technology. The aim of the study was to find the relationship between the influent organic nitrogen concentration and the purification efficiency expressed as effluent COD concentration. In the tests performed, the COD to BOD5 relationship was close to 2 and the ratio of BOD5 to TN was lower than 4. The research indicated that this specific chemical composition of raw wastewater causes appearance of filamentous bacteria on the surface of trickling filter filling and strongly affect the effluent quality.

  • Effect of osmolytes of different type on DNA behavior in aqueous solution. Experimental and theoretical studies
    • Paulina Rakowska
    • Mateusz Kogut
    • Jacek Czub
    • Janusz Stangret
    2018 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Osmolytes, the small organic molecules accumulated in cells under environmental stress, can modulate the stability of biopolymers such as proteins and DNA. In spite of many years of research, there is no established molecular mechanism of the influence of osmolytes on DNA structure. Here, we used two model osmolytes that denature (urea) or stabilize (trimethylglycine, TMG) proteins to study their effect on DNA in aqueous solutions using a combination of spectroscopic, calorimetric and simulation methods. We found that both urea and TMG dehydrate DNA and shift the conformational equilibrium from B- to A-DNA form, despite different solvation properties. The isolated vibrational spectra of osmolytes and analysis of preferential accumulation indicate a lack of direct specific interaction with DNA in ternary solutions. Besides the influence of TMG and urea on DNA hydration, we studied and analyzed the orientational and spatial distribution of osmolytes around DNA. Analysis of hydrogen bonds and theoretical calculations of interactions with native and denatured DNA show strong negative interactions with bases of dissociated DNA: while TMG preferentially interacts with guanine, urea interacts equally strongly with all bases. This high affinity of both TMG and urea towards DNA bases appears to be the cause of their denaturing properties.

  • Effect of osmolytes on the thermal stability of proteins: replica exchange simulations of Trp-cage in urea and betaine solutions
    • Beata Adamczak
    • Mateusz Kogut
    • Jacek Czub
    2018 Full text PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    Although osmolytes are known to modulate the folding equilibrium, the molecular mechanism of their effect on thermal denaturation of proteins is still poorly understood. Here, we simulated the thermal denaturation of a small model protein (Trp-cage) in the presence of denaturing (urea) and stabilizing (betaine) osmolytes, using the all-atom replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. We found that urea destabilizes Trp-cage by enthalpically-driven association with the protein, acting synergistically with temperature to induce unfolding. In contrast, betaine is sterically excluded from the protein surface thereby exerting entropic depletion forces that contribute to the stabilization of the native state. In fact, we find that while at low temperatures betaine slightly increases the folding free energy of Trp-cage by promoting another near-native conformation, it protects the protein against temperature-induced denaturation. This, in turn, can be attributed to enhanced exclusion of betaine at higher temperatures that arises from less attractive interactions with the protein surface.

  • Effect of Overloaded Vehicles on Whole Life Cycle Cost of Flexible Pavements
    • Dawid Ryś
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    2018

    The phenomenon of vehicle overloading—illegal exceeding of maximum legal weight of vehicles, is a serious problem both in developing and developed countries around the world. Overloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to distress of pavement structure. As studies show, the number of overloaded vehicles increases when the control of traffic is insufficient. Weigh in Motion (WIM) systems significantly improve control level and contribute to decrease in the number of overloaded vehicles. Data delivered from WIM were used to perform statistical analysis of vehicle overloading in Poland. The average percentage of overloaded vehicles (OV) in Poland varies from 5% for roads with high enforcement level to 23% for roads where control is poor. Every weighed vehicle was considered in terms of exceeding maximum legal gross weight and maximum legal axle load. For each vehicle separately truck equivalency factors were calculated. Subsequently the relationship between average values of truck equivalency factors and percentages of overloaded vehicles was found. This relationship was used as a basis to determine the impact of overloaded vehicles on decrease in fatigue life of pavement structure (DFL) and increase factor IF, which expresses the extension of service period. It was proved that reduction of overloaded vehicles from 23 to 5% will contribute to increase in service period of pavement structures by factor 1.5. The life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was performed for two levels of overloading OV = 23% and OV = 5%. The paper revealed that improvement of vehicle control and reduction of the percentage of overloaded vehicles from 23 to 5% will cause the reduction of whole life cost borne by road authority by 11%. 1 Introduction

  • Effect of pavement roughness and vehicle dynamic loads on decrease of fatigue life of flexible pavements
    • Dawid Ryś
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    2018 Full text

    Due to the fact that pavement surfaces are not ideally even, dynamic loads of vehicle axles deviate from static loads. Higher dynamic loads contribute to faster pavement distress. The distribution of dynamic loads is similar to normal distribution and can be described by static load and factors DI (dynamic impact) and DLC (dynamic load coefficient). With the deterioration of pavement condition its evenness decreases as well and the roughness index IRI increases. The maximum dynamic loads increase and their detrimental effect on pavement structure increases. The main objective of the paper is to assess how dynamic loads caused by pavement roughness affect pavement distress. In the article a new measure – the coefficient of pavement dynamic susceptibility DSC has been introduced. The coefficient DSC expresses the absolute increase in equivalent axle load factor caused by dynamic load effects. It was shown that with the increase in roughness from IRI = 1.0 mm/m (which is the value measured for new properly constructed pavements) to IRI = 2.0 mm/m, the coefficient DSC increases by up to 8%. Further deterioration of roughness to IRI = 4.0 mm/m causes increase of DSC by up to 32%. In consequence of increase of coefficient DSC the fatigue life of pavement structure decreases by 5.5% for IRI = 2mm/m and by 23% for IRI = 4 mm/m. It means that low initial roughness of pavement structure gained by high quality of road construction and proper maintenance of pavement during service will reduce pavement distress and increase its service life.

  • Effect of Sinusoidal Corrugated Geometries on the Vibrational Response of Viscoelastic Nanoplates
    • Mohammad Malikan
    • Rossana Dimitri
    • Francesco Tornabene
    2018 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    The vibrational behavior of viscoelastic nanoplates with a corrugated geometry is a key topic of practical interest. This problem is addressed here for wrinkled nanoplates with small corrugations related to incorrect manufacturing. To this end, a new One-Variable First-order Shear Deformation plate Theory (OVFSDT) is proposed in a combined form with a non-local strain gradient theory. The Kelvin–Voigt model is employed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of the nanoplate, whereby the frequency equations are solved numerically according to Navier’s approach, for simply-supported nanostructures. A comparative evaluation between the proposed theory and other approaches in the literature is successfully performed. It follows a large parametric study of the vibration response for varying geometry corrugations and non-local parameters

  • Effect of the Post-Weld Surface Condition on the Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304
    • Grzegorz Rogalski
    • Mateusz Jurkowski
    • Jerzy Łabanowski
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    2018 Full text Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

    Surfaces of welded elements made of corrosion-resistant (stainless) steels develop temper colours. The removal of thickened oxide layers off steels exposed to temperatures below 300°C is necessary and entails the restoring of high corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. The article presents tests concerned with the effect of a method applied to remove post-weld temper on the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. It was ascertained that the most favourable method enabling the obtainment of high corrosion resistance involved the use of an appropriate passivation process.

  • Effect of User Mobility upon Trust Building among Autonomous Content Routers in an Information-Centric Network
    • Jerzy Konorski
    • Jakub Grochowski
    2018 Full text WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING

    The capability of proactive in-network caching and sharing of content is one of the most important features of an informationcentric network (ICN). We describe an ICN model featuring autonomous agents controlling the content routers. Such agents are unlikely to share cached content with other agents without an incentive to do so. To stimulate cooperation between agents, we adopt a reputation and trust building scheme that is able to explicitly account for both objective current content availability and subjective willingness to cooperate.Thescheme is further complementedwith a so-called one-time goodwill mechanismintroduced to avoid penalizing agents failures to provide temporarily unavailable content. In a simulated ICN environment under a modified Random Waypoint user mobility model, we investigate the resiliency of the reputation and trust building scheme to subversion, that is, strategic (selfish or malicious) agents acquiring higher trust values than honest ones, for varying user mobility scenarios. The scheme proves resilient in low-mobility scenarios, while increased user mobility is shown to have a negative effect.The onetime goodwill mechanismpartly remedies this for high-mobility scenarios.We validate the results by comparison with an existing reputation and trust building scheme and with an alternative user mobility model.

  • Effect of Variation of Hard Segment Content and Graphene-Based Nanofiller Concentration on Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites
    • Michał Strankowski
    2018 Full text International Journal of Polymer Science

    This study describes the development of a new class of high-performance polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). Two types of polyurethane elastomers with different contents of hard segments (HS) were used as a polymer matrix. The developed nanocomposites were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC, TG), dynamic mechanical testing (DMA), hardness testing, mechanical properties, rheology, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and microscopy investigation (TEM, SEM). Morphological investigation confirmed better compatibility of RGO with the polyurethane (PU) matrix compared to GNP. Both applied nanofillers influenced melting and crystallization of the PU matrix. The nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites (Payne effect) was studied, and the results were compared with theoretical predictions.

  • Effect of vehicle motion stability after impact/crash on traffic safety
    • Eligiusz Mieloszyk
    • Anita Milewska
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    2018 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences

    The article presents the application of general stability theory to the study of road traffic stability immediately after an impact (crash, collision). It turns out that when modelling a collision, vehicles can be treated as colliding masses and dynamical systems can be assigned to this phenomenon.