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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2020

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  • Innovation by proxy – clusters as ecosystems facilitating open innovation
    • Marita Mcphillips
    2020 Full text Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

    Open innovation is a concept, whose attributes can be perceived as naturally complementing the proximity-based offer of clusters. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential role of clusters as intermediaries of open innovation for cluster members. A literature review and an exploratory study were performed, involving in-depth interviews with experts in the field of innovation and clusters in Poland. This article conceptually links open innovation and clusters, proposes and categorizes roles of clusters as open innovation intermediaries, as well as indicates factors that might affect the successful adoption of this role. Furthermore, it points out that clusters could not only manage and mediate their network of members but also shape and co-create a broader open innovation ecosystem. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the potential roles of open innovation intermediaries in regard to clusters in the context of transitioning economies. With clusters playing the role of an open innovation intermediary, public support at cluster level could increase the openness to cooperation not only for member companies but all participants in the regional innovation ecosystem.

  • Innovative investment funds and stability of financial systems: Nonparametric study of exchange-traded funds in Europe
    • Adam Marszk
    2020

    The main aim of the paper is investigation of the potential contribution of exchange-trade funds (ETFs) to the instability of the European financial systems. The paper begins with presentation of the key theoretical concepts with regard to ETFs and financial stability. We discuss the key attributes of ETFs as the innovative category of investment funds, their hypothesized impact on the financial stability as well as briefly describe the European ETFs markets, focusing on the between-country differences. Subsequently, we present the results of our study, conducted by applying the selected composite index of the financial stress - Country-Level Index of Financial Stress (CLIFS) provided by the European Central Bank. The core indicator of the development of the ETFs markets is the turnover of the shares of ETFs on the local stock exchange (in order to facilitate comparisons all values are expressed in USD). Time period of the analysis is January 2004 - August 2017 and monthly data are used. Research methods include correlation and nonparametric analysis. Results of our analysis demonstrate that the threats to the European financial systems linked to the expansion of ETFs are minor, above all due to the low size of ETFs markets in most European economies. Moreover, for some ETFs markets with the highest turnover (such as United Kingdom) we identified the positive impact of ETFs to the stability of financial system.

  • Innovative rehabilitation lifts – mechanics in medical devices
    • Anna Czerwińska
    • Wojciech Głąb
    • Mariusz Deja
    • Dawid Zieliński
    2020 Full text Mechanik

    Mechanical devices are now widely used in physiotherapy and other rehabilitation processes. Particular importance is attached to devices enabling easy and effective transport of disabled people. The article presents innovative designs of rehabilitation lifts offered by the Polish manufacturer of lifts and medical accessories, LeviCare company. Moreover, the main assumptions of the research and development project implemented by the company, entitled “Development and testing of an innovative set for the transport and rehabilitation of disabled people on a European scale” are presented. A set of key tests that should be carried out for this type of medical-class devices is indicated.

  • Innovative Turbine Intake Air Cooling Systems and Their Rational Designing
    • Andrii Radchenko
    • Eugeniy Trushliakov
    • Krzysztof Kosowski
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    • Mykola Radchenko
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    The improved methodology of the engine intake air cooling system designing based on the annual effect due to cooling was developed. It involves determining the optimal value of cooling capacity, providing the minimum system sizes at maximum rate of annual effect increment, and its rational value, providing a close to maximum annual effect without system oversizing at the second maximum rate of annual effect increment within the range beyond the first maximum rate. The rational value of design cooling capacity provides practically the maximum annual fuel saving but with the sizes of cooling systems reduced by 15 to 20% due to the correspondingly reduced design cooling capacity of the systems as compared with their values defined by traditional designing focused to cover current peaked short-term thermal loads. The optimal value of cooling capacity providing the minimum sizes of cooling system is very reasonable for applying the energy saving technologies, for instance, based on the thermal storage with accumulating excessive (not consumed) cooling capacities at lowered current thermal loads to cover the peak loads. The application of developed methodology enables revealing the thermal potential for enhancing the efficiency of any combustion engine (gas turbines and engines, internal combustion engines, etc.).

  • Innowacyjna metoda wzmocnienia gruntu za przyczółkiem przy użyciu iniekcji geopolimerowych
    • Anna Banaś
    • Lech Bałachowski
    • Andrzej Kuryłowicz
    • Agnieszka Poteraj-Oleksiak
    2020 Full text Builder

    W obecnych czasach szybki rozwój infrastruktury i nowoczesnych technologii niejednokrotnie narzuca projektantom oraz wykonawcom takie rozwiązania, aby prowadzone roboty budowalne, były jak najmniej uciążliwe dla uczestników ruchu i jak najmniej ingerowały w system komunikacyjny. Dotyczy to zarówno budowy nowych obiektów, jaki i remontu obiektów już istniejących. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono nowatorską koncepcję remontu wiaduktu w ciągu Drogi Krajowej nr 12 nad torami PKP w miejscowości Podbór. Problemem, który występował podczas eksploatacji obiektu i prowadził do potrzeby pilnej oraz jak najmniej inwazyjnej jego naprawy było nadmierne osiadanie nasypu za przyczółkiem. Pierwszy raz w Polsce wykonano wzmocnienie gruntu za przyczółkiem wiaduktu przy użyciu iniekcji geopolimerowych, które w znaczący sposób skróciło czas ograniczenia w ruchu kołowym, a tym samym i czas samego remontu.

  • Insightful Analysis of Phenomena Arising at the Metal|Polymer Interphase of Au-Ti Based Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensitive Electrodes Covered by Nafion
    • Adrian Olejnik
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Anna Dołęga
    • Katarzyna Siuzdak
    • Katarzyna Grochowska
    2020 Full text Coatings

    This paper focuses on the examination of glucose oxidation processes at an electrode material composed of gold nanoparticles embedded in a titanium template. Three dierent conditions were investigated: the chloride content in the electrolyte, its ionic conductivity and the presence of a Nafion coating. The impact of the provided environment on the oxidation reaction was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Two models, namely: chemisorption and incipient hydrous oxide/adatom mediator (IHOAM), were applied to explain the complex voltammetric responses of the electrodes exposed to solutions of varied glucose concentrations.

  • Insights into Compatibilization of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-based Biocomposites with Diisocyanates as Modifiers of Cellulose Fillers
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Paulina Kosmela
    2020 Full text Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology

    This study aimed to analyze the impact of cellulose fillers’ modification with diisocyanates on the performance of composites based on the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix. Four most commonly used diisocyantes (isophorone, hexamethylene, toluene, and methylene diphenyl) were applied as modifiers of cellulose fillers (5 and 15 wt% per mass of filler). Modified fillers were introduced in the amount of 30 wt% into the PCL matrix. Chemical structure, thermal, static and dynamic mechanical properties of composites were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile, hardness and rebound resilience tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. Modifications of cellulosic fillers resulted in the decrease of matrix crystallinity and enhancement of interfacial interactions, causing even a two-fold increase of tensile strength and a 25% rise of modulus. These results indicate that through proper adjustment of type and content of diisocyanate modifier, composites’ properties may be engineered.

  • Integrated algorithm for selecting the location and control of energy storage units to improve the voltage level in distribution grids
    • Agata Szultka
    • Seweryn Szultka
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Zbigniew Lubośny
    • Robert Małkowski
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    This paper refers to the issue that mainly appears in distribution grids, where renewable energy sources (RES) are widely installed. In such grids, one of the main problems is the coordination of energy production time with demand time, especially if photovoltaic energy sources are present. To face this problem, battery energy storage units (ESU) can be installed. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to optimizing the use of ESU. This paper contains a simple description of available solutions for the application of ESU as well as an original proposal for selecting the optimal location and control of ESU. The ESU selection method is based on the use of a genetic algorithm and the ESU control method utilizes the fuzzy logic. The combination of the aforementioned methods/algorithms of ESU application is named an integrated algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated by multivariate computer simulations with the use of the real low-voltage grid model. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was employed to develop the simulation model of the integrated algorithm. The proposal was utilized to improve the voltage level in the distribution grid and to install the optimal number of ESU. Based on daily load variations for selected load profiles, it was shown that after the ESU application the voltage deviations in the analyzed network were significantly limited. Moreover, the analysis proves that both the location of ESU in the grid and the control of their active and reactive power are important from the point of view of reducing overall costs.

  • Integrated Application of GPR and Ultrasonic Testing in the Diagnostics of a Historical Floor
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • Erwin Wojtczak
    • Monika Zielińska
    2020 Full text Materials

    The paper presents the results of integrated ground penetrating radar (GPR) and ultrasonic testing (UT) measurements conducted on a historical floor in St. Nicholas’ Church, Gdańsk, Poland. The described inspection was the first stage of the technical state assessment of the building. The aim of the study was the detection of underfloor air gaps, which were observed in a few trial pits. The condition of the ground under the floor was determined by localizing other inclusions such as rubble, human remains, brick walls and pipes. To identify the phenomenon of electromagnetic and ultrasonic wave propagation within the air gap, laboratory tests were conducted on physical models consisting of two concrete slabs stacked on top of each other and gradually moved apart to simulate a slot of varying thickness. The conducted research was supported by the numerical models of electromagnetic wave propagation. The obtained results showed that the integration of the GPR and UT methods provided an effective imaging of the floor and the area under it. Ultrasonic testing was proved to be a good technique for identifying air voids, while the GPR method allowed detecting concentrated anomalies and determining the degree of ground homogeneity under the floor.

  • Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approach for Efficient Design and Synthesis of Gold-Based Double Halide Perovskites
    • Beata Bajorowicz
    • Alicja Mikolajczyk
    • Henry P. Pinto
    • Magdalena Miodyńska
    • Wojciech Lisowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
    • Miri Kazes
    • Dan Oron
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2020 Full text Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    Applied cutting-edge electronic structure and phonon simulations provide a reliable knowledge about the stability of perovskite structures and their electronic properties, which are crucial for design of effective nanomaterials. Gold is one of the exceptional elements, which can exist both as a monovalent and a trivalent ion in the B site of a double perovskite such as A2BI BIIIX6. However, until now, electronic properties of Cs2AuI AuIIIX6 have not been sufficiently explored and this material was never synthesized using Au1+ and Au3+ precursors in the preparation route. Here, computational simulations combined with an experimental study provide new insight into the properties and synthesis route of Cs2AuI AuIIIX6 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskites. First-principles calculations reveal that tetragonal Cs2AuI AuIIIX6 (X = I, Br, Cl) molecules present a band gap of 1.10, 1.15, and 1.40 eV, respectively. Application of novel approaches in the simulations of the VB-XPS for Cs2AuI AuIIICl6 allows replication of the observed spectrum and provides strong evidence of the reliability of the obtained results for the other perovskites Cs2AuI AuIIIX6,X= Br, I. Following theoretical findings, a one-step preparation route of the Cs2AuI AuIIICl6 is developed using a combination of monovalent and trivalent gold precursors at a relatively low temperature. It should be emphasized that this is the first synthesis of this material at low temperatures, allowing for obtaining highly crystalline Cs2Au2Cl6 particles with controlled morphology and without gold impurities. The band gap of synthesized Cs2AuI AuIIICl6 is extended into the NIR spectral range, where most other double perovskites are limited to higher energies, limiting their usage in single junction solar cells or in photocatalysis. The assynthesized Cs2AuI AuIIICl6 exhibits high efficiency in a photocatalytic toluene degradation reaction under visible light irradiation. The developed approach provides information necessary for structure manipulation at the early stage of its synthesis and offers a new and useful guidance for design of novel improved lead-free inorganic halide perovskite with interesting optical and photocatalytic properties.

  • Intencje przedsiębiorcze studentów – analiza międzynarodowa oparta na rozszerzonym modelu Ajzena
    • Julita Wasilczuk
    2020

    Poszukiwanie czynników wpływających na rozpoczęcie działalności gospodarczej doczekało się opisu w wielu publikacjach. Nie ma wątpliwości, że czynnikiem kluczowym w procesie przedsiębiorczym są intencje, a dzięki pracom I. Ajzena wiadomo także, jakie grupy czynników wpływają na intencje. Jednak jego teoria planowanego zachowania wydaje się być niewystarczająca. Celem rozdziału było opracowanie propozycji rozszerzenia teorii Ajzena. Propozycja ta została poddana częściowej analizie statystycznej opartej na wynikach badań przeprowadzonych na grupie ponad 3,5 tys. studentów z pięciu krajów Europy Środkowej oraz Wschodniej. Założono, że na klasyczny model Ajzena wpływa także stosunek do ryzyka. Wyniki wskazują na zróżnicowanie postrzegania korzyści z rozpoczęcia działalności przedsiębiorczej oraz postrzeganą ocenę trudności takiego działania. Studenci z badanych krajów różnili się także podejściem do ryzyka oraz intencjami przedsiębiorczymi.

  • Interaction of 4-nitrothiophenol with low energy electrons: Implications for plasmon mediated reactions
    • Robin Schürmann
    • Thomas F. M. Luxford
    • Ivo S. Vinklárek
    • Jaroslav Kočišek
    • Mateusz Zawadzki
    • Ilko Bald
    2020 Full text JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    The reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol (NTP) to 4-4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) on laser illuminated noble metal nanoparticles is one of the most widely studied plasmon mediated reactions. The reaction is most likely triggered by a transfer of low energy electrons from the nanoparticle to the adsorbed molecules. Besides the formation of DMAB, dissociative side reactions of NTP have also been observed. Here, we present a crossed electron-molecular beam study of free electron attachment to isolated NTP in the gas-phase. Negative ion yields are recorded as a function of the electron energy, which helps to assess the accessibility of single electron reduction pathways after photon induced electron transfer from nanoparticles. The dominant process observed with isolated NTP is associative electron attachment leading to the formation of the parent anion of NTP. Dissociative electron attachment pathways could be revealed with much lower intensities, leading mainly to the loss of functional groups. The energy gained by one electron reduction of NTP may also enhance the desorption of NTP from nanoparticles. Our supporting experiments with small clusters, then, show that further reaction steps are necessary after electron attachment to produce DMAB on the surfaces.

  • Interactions between bioactive components determine antioxidant, cytotoxic and nutrigenomic activity of cocoa powder extract
    • Monika Baranowska
    • Klaudia Suliborska
    • Vanja Todorović
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    • Wojciech Chrzanowski
    • Sladana Sobajić
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    2020 Full text FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

    Numerous studies have shown, rather disappointingly, that isolated bioactive phytochemicals are not as biologically effective as natural plant products. Such a discrepancy may be explained by the concept of food synergy, which was verified in this research for cocoa extract versus its major components with regard to cancer chemoprevention. The evaluation embraced the relationship between redox properties evaluated in cell-free systems with the aid of free radicals scavenging method and differential pulse voltammetry, and redox associated anticarcinogenic activities (cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, nutrigenomic activity) in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line exposed to either cocoa powder extract or artificial mixtures of cocoa bioactives at matching concentrations. In contrast to expectations, our results showed that the stepwise enrichment with antioxidants caused no gradual increase in the antioxidant activity of the model mixtures; also, these model mixtures did not reach the reducing potential of cocoa in the cell-free systems or cellular model employed. Further, the biological activities examined in colon adenocarcinoma cells did not alter in a stepwise manner that could reflect the gradual changes in composition of bioactive ingredients. In conclusion, the experiments presented here showed that the growing complexity of a mixture of phytochemicals seems to create a new redox bioactive substance rather than enrich the mixture with new activities, characteristic of the compound added. It follows that no simple, predictable relationship can be expected between the chemopreventive potential and the composition of real food items containing a complicated set of non-toxic redox active ingredients. Our observations suggest that the interactions between different bioactive compounds and food matrix components are cooperating factors determining the final bioactivity of foods.

  • Interactions between hydration spheres of two different solutes in solution: The least squares fitting with constraints as a tool to determine water properties in ternary systems
    • Aneta Panuszko
    • Janusz Stangret
    • Bartosz Nowosielski
    • Piotr Bruździak
    2020 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Biological systems are complex and the problem of their description lies in mutual interactions between their components. This paper is focused on model experiment-based studies which can reduce these difficulties. The ternary aqueous N-methylacetamide (NMA)–Na2HPO4 system has been studied by means of the FTIR spectroscopy. A novel difference spectra method aimed to extract the spectral contribution of water affected simultaneously by two solutes is proposed. The key improvement is the additional least squares curve fitting procedure with carefully selected constraints which allow obtaining information on the composition of water affected in complex solutions. The fitting parameters are optimized with the Monte Carlo method and the human influence on parameter selection is minimized. The simple method allows determining individual contributions originating in hydration of multiple solution components. FTIR spectra of water in the NMA–Na2HPO4 system gave an insight into the interactions and susceptibility for interactions between solvent and co-solutes or hydrated co-solutes.

  • Interface analysis of compatibilized polymer blends
    • Farnaz Mostafapoor
    • Azadeh Khosravi
    • Abdolhossein Fereidoon
    • Reza Khalili
    • Seyed Hassan Jafari
    • Vahabi Henri
    • Krzysztof Formela
    • Mohammad Saeb
    2020

    This chapter seeks to address the interface location in the compatibilized polymer blends and paves the way for quantitative analysis of interface in terms of interfacial tension and interfacial adhesion to provide support for understanding the relationship between morphology and ultimate properties in the compatibilized polymer blends through the lens of interface. Since understanding and analysis of interfacial phenomena in the compatibilized polymer blends are cumbersome, we started from binary blends and then opened some windows toward quantitative analysis of interface in the compatibilized ternary blends. Then, we give a broad view of interface situation having in mind both physical and chemical interactions to highlight the importance of interface analysis in reactive polymer blends. The contribution of interfacial phenomena to performance of compatibilized ternary blends, as the complex case, is finally discussed for the sake of optimization of properties by interfacial adhesion manipulation

  • Interfacial water controls the process of adsorption of hyperactive antifreeze proteins onto the ice surface
    • Joanna Grabowska
    • Anna Kuffel
    • Jan Zielkiewicz
    2020 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    A mechanism of interactions between the ice-binding surface of a hyperactive antifreeze protein molecule and the ice surface is proposed, involving the influence of water present between the two surfaces on the behavior of the approaching molecule. It is demonstrated that the interfacial water, even before its full solidification, can act as a factor that pushes away or pulls nearer the protein molecule to ensure its proper positioning. It is possible thanks to the structural properties of interfacial water. These properties include the ability to create high-volume aggregates of water molecules. They can appear near and be anchored to both the ice-binding plane of the anti- freeze molecule and the ice surface. When an AFP approaches the growing face of ice, these high-volume, ordered structures near the ice and near the AFP molecule merge together smoothly, but only if the proper distance be- tween the ice and the AFP is ensured. If this is not the case, the resulting merged structure is deformed from its preferred shape and as a result a force occurs that attempts to correct the positioning of the protein. Only then the crystallization of the merged aggregate can proceed unhampered which results in binding of the AFP molecule onto the ice.

  • Intergranular Corrosion Detection Using Electromagnetic Transducers for Ultrasonic Testing
    • Mateusz Cieślik
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2020 Full text ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS

    The aim of this paper is to create a research methodology that allows a quick analysis of the structural state of high alloy austenitic steels using non-destructive ultrasonic tests, in contrast to destructive standard methods. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) are used to generate and receive the ultrasonic wave and detect the microstructural changes caused by sample sensitization in elevated temperature, even after 0.5 h in high temperature exposition. Different acoustic response for reference sample and sensitized samples were recorded. In this work, changes in share wave amplitude were measured.

  • Interlaboratory Test to Characterize the Cyclic Behavior of Bituminous Interlayers: An Overview of Testing Equipment and Protocols
    • Francesco Canestrari
    • Thomas Attia
    • Hervé Di Benedetto
    • Andrea Graziani
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Youngsoo Richard Kim
    • Maciej Maliszewski
    • Jorge C. Pais
    • Christophe Petit
    • Christiane Raab
    • Davide Ragni
    • Dawid Ryś
    • Cesare Sangiorgi
    • Cédric Sauzéat
    • Adam Zofka
    2020 Full text

    The performance assessment of multi-layered pavements strongly depends on the mechanical behavior of the interface between bituminous layers. So far, comprehensive studies have been carried out mainly using quasi-static laboratory tests focusing on the interlayer shear strength at failure. However, it is generally recognized that cyclic shear testing will lead to the determination of parameters which are more closely linked to the performance of pavements under traffic loading than the quasi-static shear tests. This paper outlines the research work that has been carried out within the Task Group 3 “Pavement multilayer system” of the RILEM TC 272-PIM. The activities focused on cyclic shear testing of interfaces in bituminous pavements involve an interlaboratory test with nine participating laboratories. The interface behavior was investigated through both direct shear and torque tests on double-layered specimens extracted from lab compacted slabs prepared by one of the laboratories. The different testing equipment and protocols used by the participating laboratories are presented, highlighting the variety of geometries, loading modes, and testing parameters.

  • International architectural - urban - landscape design workshops to strengthen students’ education, capabilities and mobility
    • Aleksandra Sas-Bojarska
    • Magdalena Rembeza
    2020 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Five international architectural/urban/landscape workshops in Poland and Portugal between 2011 and 2015 are discussed in this article. The general aims of the workshops were to plan to connect divided city spaces, to harmonise them and make them attractive for different uses. The main task was to create in multicultural groups of students the vision of sustainable development in the context of architecture, urban and landscape design, with special attention to the environmental, social, spatial and transportation issues. The case studies could be good examples of academic co-operation that supports the mobility of students and academic teachers. Both groups benefited from the exchange of views, new ideas and trends, co-operation and the building of professional and personal relationships.

  • Interpolation methods in GPR tomographic imaging of linear and volume anomalies for cultural heritage diagnostics
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • Erwin Wojtczak
    • Monika Zielińska
    2020 Full text MEASUREMENT

    This paper presents results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey conducted in St. Joseph’s Church in Gdańsk, Poland. The aim of the study was to produce tomographic imaging of a renovated floor as well as the objects buried under the floor to detect linear and volume inclusions. The assumed track spacing was meaningfully greater than the single signal spacing in each track, which induced the need for interpolation methods to estimate signal values in the areas beyond the trace lines. Various interpolation techniques were used to prepare the tomography maps. GPR time slices allowed the identification of reinforcing meshes, underfloor heating system elements and the foundations of entrances to crypts. The results obtained were compared to the exact images acquired in a dense regular grid to evaluate the efficiency of the applied interpolation methods and to verify the possibility of conducting GPR surveys with coarse track spacing.