2021 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2021

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Towards Rational Biosurfactant Design—Predicting Solubilization in Rhamnolipid Solutions
- Ilona Kłosowska-Chomiczewska
- Adrianna Kotewicz-Siudowska
- Wojciech Artichowicz
- Adam Macierzanka
- Agnieszka Głowacz-Różyńska
- Patrycja Szumała
- Krystyna Mędrzycka
- Elżbieta Hallmann
- Elena Karpenko
- Christian Jungnickel
2021 Full text MOLECULES
The efficiency of micellar solubilization is dictated inter alia by the properties of the solubilizate, the type of surfactant, and environmental conditions of the process. We, therefore, hypothesized that using the descriptors of the aforementioned features we can predict the solubilization efficiency, expressed as molar solubilization ratio (MSR). In other words, we aimed at creating a model to find the optimal surfactant and environmental conditions in order to solubilize the substance of interest (oil, drug, etc.). We focused specifically on the solubilization in biosurfactant solutions. We collected data from literature covering the last 38 years and supplemented them with our experimental data for different biosurfactant preparations. Evolutionary algorithm (EA) and kernel support vector machines (KSVM) were used to create predictive relationships. The descriptors of biosurfactant (logPBS, measure of purity), solubilizate (logPsol, molecular volume), and descriptors of conditions of the measurement (T and pH) were used for modelling. We have shown that the MSR can be successfully predicted using EAs, with a mean R2val of 0.773 ± 0.052. The parameters influencing the solubilization efficiency were ranked upon their significance. This represents the first attempt in literature to predict the MSR with the MSR calculator delivered as a result of our research.
Towards Scalable Simulation of Federated Learning
- Tomasz Kołodziej
- Paweł Rościszewski
2021 Communications in Computer and Information Science
Federated learning (FL) allows to train models on decentralized data while maintaining data privacy, which unlocks the availability of large and diverse datasets for many practical applications. The ongoing development of aggregation algorithms, distribution architectures and software implementations aims for enabling federated setups employing thousands of distributed devices, selected from millions. Since the availability of such computing infrastructure is a big barrier to experimenting with new approaches, we claim that efficient simulation of FL is necessary and propose the PaSSiFLora library for simulating FL clients in a cluster environment. In PaSSiFLora, the training algorithm is actually performed on real data, but each cluster node can simulate multiple FL clients. Because uniform random selection of clients results in poor simulation performance due to load imbalance, we propose to use uniform random selection of MultiClients. Each MultiClient runs on a single cluster node and in each training iteration is responsible for simulating several clients, selected from a set of local clients. Our experimental results based on the FEMNIST dataset show that PaSSiFLora is capable of simulating 1536 clients and has a good scalability on 48 cluster nodes, which reduces the average iteration time to 13.57 s, from 330.61 s in the case of one cluster node. The MultiClient architecture allows to improve the average performance by up to 75% while it does not cause significant differences in model accuracy during the training. Additionally, correctness of the training is verified against existing FL frameworks: LEAF and TFF.
Towards Understanding the Health Aspects of the Processing of Lignocellulosic Fillers
- Aleksander Hejna
- Mariusz Marć
2021 Full text Proceedings
Health and safety issues should be addressed during the development and investigation of the industrial processes. In order to develop a sustainable process and fully evaluate its benefits and drawbacks for its optimization, it is crucial to determine its impact on the surrounding environment. This study aimed to assess the emission of volatile organic compounds during the modification of lignocellulosic fillers with passive dosimetry. Two types of processes were investigated: diisocyanate treatment of commercial lignocellulosic fillers in a batch mixer and thermo-mechanical treatment of brewers’ spent grain using a twin-screw extruder. The presence of multiple terpenes and terpenoids was detected during the processing of fillers. The main compounds detected during modification were camphene, 3-carene, limonene, α-pinene, and cymenes. These compounds can show the irritating and allergic character, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, as well as NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. Some of them are also characterized by relatively low values of flash point, even below 40 °C. Therefore, their emissions during the modification of cellulose materials should be carefully monitored, and proper precautions need to be taken.
Towards Use of OntoClean for Ontology Contextualization
- Wojciech Waloszek
2021 Full text Procedia Computer Science
Ontologies are formal systems of concepts used to describe numerous domains of interest. Ontologies are usually very expressive, but it comes at a price of computationally expensive reasoning over them. In our previous work we discussed the possible performance benefits that can be obtained by decomposing an ontology into contexts. While the benefits are appealing, we discovered that, in our case, the main obstacle against using contextual versions of ontologies was the necessity of performing the costly process of their decomposition with the participation of human experts. In this paper we discuss the possibility of using OntoClean method for streamlining and at least partial automation of suggesting a decomposition of an ontology into contexts. We present a hypothesis about how to build a structure of contexts, and verify this hypothesis against several ontologies used in state-of-the-art research. The ontologies have been obtained by us in the process that uses elements of Systematic Literature Review. The final assessment of the method has been performed by human experts, during interviews, and we present the details of their evaluation in the paper.
Toxinas de setas
- Roman Kotłowski
2021
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Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods
- Nicole Nawrot
- Ewa Wojciechowska
- Muhammad Mohsin
- Suvi Kuittinen
- Ari Pappinen
- Shahabaldin Rezania
2021 Full text Minerals
This paper provides an overview of different methods of assessing the trace metal (TM) contamination status of sediments affected by anthropogenic interference. The geochemical background determination methods are also described. A total of 25 papers covering rivers, lakes, and retention tanks sediments in areas subjected to anthropogenic pressure from the last three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) were analysed to support our examination of the assessment measures. Geochemical and ecotoxicological classifications are presented that may prove useful for sediment evaluation. Among the geochemical indices, several individual pollution indices (CF, Igeo, EF, Pi (SPI), PTT), complex pollution indices (PLI, Cdeg, mCdeg, Pisum, PIAvg, PIaAvg, PIN, PIProd, PIapProd, PIvectorM, PINemerow, IntPI, MPI), and geochemical classifications are compared. The ecotoxicological assessment includes an overview of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) and classifications introduced nationally (as LAWA or modified LAWA). The ecotoxicological indices presented in this review cover individual (ERi) and complex indices (CSI, SPI, RAC, PERI, MERMQ). Biomonitoring of contaminated sites based on plant bioindicators is extensively explored as an indirect method for evaluating pollution sites. The most commonly used indices in the reviewed papers were Igeo, EF, and CF. Many authors referred to ecotoxicological assessment via SQG. Moreover, PERI, which includes the toxic response index, was just as popular. The most recognised bioindicators include the Phragmites and Salix species. Phragmites can be considered for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Ni bioindication in sites, while Salix hybrid cultivars such as Klara may be considered for phytostabilisation and rhizofiltration due to higher Cu, Zn, and Ni accumulation in roots. Vetiveria zizanoides demonstrated resistance to As stress and feasibility for the remediation of As. Moreover, bioindicators offer a feasible tool for recovering valuable elements for the development of a circular economy (e.g., rare earth elements).
Tracking Fluorescent Dye Dispersion from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- Paweł Burdziakowski
- Piotr Zima
- Paweł Wielgat
- Dominika Kalinowska
2021 Full text SENSORS
Commercial unmanned aerial vehicles continue to gain popularity and their use for collecting image data and recording new phenomena is becoming more frequent. This study presents an effective method for measuring the concentration of fluorescent dyes (fluorescein and Rhodamine WT) for the purpose of providing a mathematical dispersion model. Image data obtained using a typical visible-light camera was used to measure the concentration of the dye floating on water. The reference measurement was taken using a laboratory fluorometer. The article presents the details of three extensive measurement sessions and presents elements of a newly developed method for measuring fluorescent tracer concentrations. The said method provides tracer concentration maps presented on the example of an orthophoto within a 2 × 2 m discrete grid.
Transcriptomic landscape of blood platelets in healthy donors
- Anna Supernat
- Marta Popęda
- Krzysztof Pastuszak
- Myron G Best
- Peter Gresner
- Sjors In ‘t Veld
- Bartłomiej Siek
- Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- Matthew T. Rondina
- Tomasz Stokowy
- Thomas Würdinger
- Jacek Jassem
- Anna Żaczek
2021 Full text Scientific Reports
BACKGROUND Blood platelet RNA-sequencing is increasingly used among the scientific community. Aberrant platelet transcriptome is common in cancer or cardiovascular disease, but reference data on platelet RNA content in healthy individuals are scarce and merit complex investigation. METHODS We sought to explore the dynamics of platelet transcriptome. Datasets from 204 healthy donors were used for the analysis of splice variants, particularly with regard to age, sex, blood storage time, unit of collection or library size. RESULTS Genes B2M, PPBP, TMSB4X, ACTB, FTL, CLU, PF4, F13A1, GNAS, SPARC, PTMA, TAGLN2, OAZ1 and OST4 demonstrated the highest expression in the analysed cohort, remaining substantial transcription consistency. CSF3R gene was found upregulated in males (fold change 2.10, FDR q<0.05). Cohort dichotomisation according to the median age, showed upregulated KSR1 in the older donors (fold change 2.11, FDR q<0.05). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed two clusters which were irrespective of age, sex, storage time, collecting unit or library size. However, when donors are analysed globally (as vectors), sex, storage time, library size, the unit of blood collection as well as age impose a certain degree of between- and/or within-group variability. CONCLUSIONS Separately analysed platelet splice variants retain general consistency, with a few interesting deviating genes from these general trends. On the other hand, the multidimensional analysis revealed statistically significant variability between and within the analysed groups. Our work provides a reference for studies working both on healthy platelets and pathological conditions affecting platelet transcriptome.
Transformation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into a versatile and efficient adsorbent of Cu(II) cations and Cr(VI) anions through hydrothermal treatment and sulfonation
- Xianbao Xu
- Daan Zhu
- Xiaonuan Wang
- Liling Deng
- Xinyun Fan
- Zizhen Ding
- Ai Zhang
- Gang Xue
- Yanbiao Liu
- Weimin Xuan
- Xiang Li
- Jacek Mąkinia
2021 Full text JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
The reuse of waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has drawn much attention as it can reduce plastic waste and associated pollution, and provide valuable raw materials and products. In this study, sulfonated PVC-derived hydrochar (HS-PVC) was synthesized by two-stage hydrothermal treatment (HT) and sulfonation, and shown to be a versatile adsorbent. The reoval of Cu(II) cations and Cr(VI) anions using HS-PVC reached 81.2 ± 1.6% and 60.3 ± 3.8%, respectively. The first stage of HT was crucial for the dichlorination of PVC and the formation of an aromatic structure. This stage guaranteed the introduction of -SO3H onto PVC-derived hydrochar through subsequent sulfonation. HT intensities (i.e., temperature and time) and sulfonation intensity strongly determined the adsorption capacity of HS-PVC. Competitive adsorption between Cu(II) and Cr(VI) onto HS-PVC was demonstrated by binary and preloading adsorption. The proposed Cu(II) cations adsorption mechanism was electrostatic adsorption, while Cr(VI) were possibly complexed by the phenolic -OH and reduced to Cr(III) cations by C=C groups in HS-PVC. In addition, HS-PVC derived from PVC waste pipes performed better than PVC powder for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) removal (＞90%). This study provides an efficient method for recycling waste PVC and production of efficient adsorbents.
Transformation of the Odesa Waterfront
- Piotr Lorens
- Andrii Polishchuk
2021 Full text Przestrzeń Ekonomia Społeczeństwo
Odesa is a unique city: it is the third-largest city in Ukraine and the second in the Black sea region. During its short but eventful history, it gathered a variety of cultural layers within its boundaries, what had reflected in its architecture, urban life, and unique accent of its inhabitants. The city`s waterfront is considered to be the Pearl of the Black Sea. Starting with the receiving of the Porto Franco status in 1819, Odesa was the economic nexus and the symbol of entrepreneurship in the Russian Empire. During the Soviet period, city and port expanded to reach the goals of the communist era. The paradigm shift in economic realms related to the transformation of the economy at the beginning of the 1990s shed light on the city's weaknesses. Water and air pollution, large industrial zones in the sea façade of the city, and lack of high-level infrastructure for tourists had transformed the image of Odesa into a regular post-soviet town in the conditions of the market economy. On the other hand, the newborn post-soviet and postindustrial citizens of Odesa have different priorities and do not necessarily think about the spatial problems. A comprehensive study, using the observations, literature review, and interviews, was conducted to describe the influence of the social realm on an urban form of the Waterfront. The result of the analysis supports the hypothesis of the study: the trajectories of the social, economic, and spatial development of the Odesa waterfront are not correlating with each other. Within this paper the possible scenarios and prospects for transformation of the urban waterfront of Odesa are discussed on the basis of the wider perspective of reshaping the post-soviet waterfronts
Transforming a Traditional, Family-Run Car Dealership into a Digital-Era Modern Service Provider
- Sławomir Ostrowski
2021 Full text
The automotive industry today faces multiple challenges. The automotive market is characterised by frequent changes and technological developments in comfort and safety of travel by all types of vehicles. The division between traditional and modern services is related to their susceptibility to technological progress. We should differentiate between two types of technology: technology used directly in vehicles and technology utilized in the delivery of products and services, which is transforming today’s automotive sales. It is the technological sphere that has contributed to numerous changes, the cumulative effect of which affects the perception of services as ‘modern’. Nowadays, customers expect a modern approach to sales, including the possibility of transferring the car sales process to the Internet, a virtual world in which, in the 21st century, state-of-the-art, immediately accessible solutions are expected. It is thus necessary to move traditional automotive sales online (always accessible location) in order to create a more convenient way of buying a car, regardless of restrictions such as those that emerged due to the outbreak of pandemic. This article presents a pilot study conducted in a family business specialising in the sale of new and second-hand cars. The study revealed a need to change car sales processes over the next few years and introduce modern automotive services. Purchasing a new or second-hand vehicle online no longer seems like a distant future.
Transparency of publicly available information about fiscal and monetary policy in Poland
- Maria Jastrzębska
2021 Full text
Research background: The quality of information provided by fiscal and monetary authorities are important in a democratic state. Ensuring fiscal policy transparency reduces fiscal risk and corruption and promotes public acceptance of fiscal reforms. Ensuring transparency in monetary policy allows market participants to anticipate central bank responses and take their effects into account when making investment and consumption decisions. Aim of the article: The aim of the article is to evaluate the transparency of information provided to the public by the fiscal and monetary authorities in Poland in the light of international standards of fiscal and monetary policy transparency and to propose changes to increase it. Methods: Qualitative analysis, deductive and inductive reasoning were used. The assessment of the level of transparency of publicly available information on fiscal and monetary policy in Poland was based on the analysis of the implementation of good practices formulated by the International Monetary Fund and the open budget index calculated by the International Budget Partnership. Findings and added value: There are no publications in the national literature dealing with the transparency of publicly available information on fiscal and monetary policies in the context of coordination of these policies. Poland lacks transparent message about public finance, with particular emphasis on the state budget, which would allow citizens to control the government's fiscal policy actions. There is a lack of transparent information about the operations of the NBP in relation to the government. There is a lack of clear, reliable and complete information for citizens about the coordination of actions taken by the fiscal and monetary authorities in Poland to achieve specific objectives of the state's financial policy.
Trends shaping innovations in the aerosol market
- Norbert Piotrowski
2021 Full text World Aerosols. The Voice of the Aerosol Industry
New hygiene regimes and sustainability commitments are helping to shape the aerosol market. Norbert Piotrowski of Aerosol Service Poland explains the thinking behind the company’s latest hygiene innovations.
Triazoloacridone C-1305 impairs XBP1 splicing by acting as a potential IRE1α endoribonuclease inhibitor
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Jarosław Króliczewski
- David Crossman
- Aneta Pogorzelska
- Maciej Bagiński
- James F. Collawn
- Rafal Bartoszewski
2021 Full text CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) is one of three signaling sensors in the unfolding protein response (UPR) that alleviates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells and functions to promote cell survival. During conditions of irrevocable stress, proapoptotic gene expression is induced to promote cell death. One of the three signaling stressors, IRE1α is an serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase) that promotes nonconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA that is translated to spliced XBP1 (XBP1s), an active prosurvival transcription factor. Interestingly, elevated IRE1α and XBP1s are both associated with poor cancer survival and drug resistance. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing analyses to demonstrate that triazoloacridone C-1305, a microtubule stabilizing agent that also has topoisomerase II inhibitory activity, dramatically decreases XBP1s mRNA levels and protein production during ER stress conditions, suggesting that C-1305 does this by decreasing IRE1α’s endonuclease activity.
Tripping of F-type RCDs for high-frequency residual currents
- Hanan Tariq
- Stanisław Czapp
2021
Residual current devices (RCDs) are apparatus commonly used for protection against electric shock in low-voltage electrical installations. They protect people in the case of an earth fault or even in the case of direct contact with the live parts. However, to be effective protective devices, RCDs have to detect residual currents of various waveform shapes which appear in modern electrical installations. For this purpose, RCDs are classified into four types: AC; A; F and B. This paper is focused on F-type RCDs provided for the detection, in particular, of mixed-frequency residual currents. According to the standard referring to the F-type RCDs, they are tested by manufacturers under the non-sinusoidal waveform having components generated by control equipment supplied from a single-phase. In this paper, results of two tripping tests (other than normative) of F-type RCDs are presented. During the first test, waveforms having components generated by control equipment supplied from three phases were forced. During the second test, high-frequency pure sinusoidal residual currents were generated. Results of these tests have shown that F-type RCDs may detect mixed-frequency residual currents other than the normative but may not react to sinusoidal currents of frequencies higher than 1 kHz.
Tunable Dielectric Switching of (Quinuclidinium)[MnCl4] Hybrid Compounds
- Natalia Wójcik
- Dorota A. Kowalska
- Monika Trzebiatowska
- Ewelina Jach
- Adam Ostrowski
- Waldemar Bednarski
- Marek Gusowski
- Piotr Staniorowski
- Agnieszka Ciżman
2021 Full text Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Inorganic−organic hybrid QMnCl (Q = quinuclidinium) crystals were synthesized and characterized. The X-ray and variable-temperature IR/Raman analysis demonstrate that the crystals undergo a reversible structural phase transition, which originates from an order−disorder process and is related to the dynamics of the organic Q cation. Dielectric function measurements disclose a switchability between low (“OFF”) and high (“ON”) dielectric states centered at around 285 K. Owing to a remarkable temperature-dependent dielectric function, this type of molecular compound can represent an interesting tunable and switchable dielectric material for a diverse range of applications.
Two bacterial small heat shock proteins, IbpA and IbpB, form a functional heterodimer
- Artur Piróg
- Francesca Cantini
- Łukasz Nierzwicki
- Igor Obuchowski
- Bartłomiej Tomiczek
- Jacek Czub
- Krzysztof Liberek
2021 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a conserved class of ATP-independent chaperones which in stress conditions bind to unfolded protein substrates and prevent their irreversible aggregation. Substrates trapped in sHsps-containing aggregates are efficiently refolded into native structures by ATP-dependent Hsp70 and Hsp100 chaperones. Most γ-proteobacteria possess a single sHsp (IbpA), while in a subset of Enterobacterales, as a consequence of ibpA gene duplication event, a two-protein sHsp (IbpA and IbpB) system has evolved. IbpA and IbpB are functionally divergent. Purified IbpA, but not IbpB, stably interacts with aggregated substrates, yet both sHsps are required to be present at the substrate denaturation step for subsequent efficient Hsp70-Hsp100-dependent substrate refolding. IbpA and IbpB interact with each other, influence each other’s expression levels and degradation rates. However, the crucial information on how these two sHsps interact and what is the basic building block required for proper sHsps functioning was missing. Here, based on NMR, mass spectrometry and crosslinking studies, we show that IbpA-IbpB heterodimer is a dominating functional unit of the two sHsp system in Enterobacterales. The principle of heterodimer formation is similar to one described for homodimers of single bacterial sHsps. β-hairpins formed by strands β5 and β7 of IbpA or IbpB crystallin domains associate with the other one's β-sandwich in the heterodimer structure. Relying on crosslinking and molecular dynamics studies, we also propose the orientation of two IbpA-IbpB heterodimers in a higher order tetrameric structure.
Two complementary approaches for the synthesis and isolation of stable phosphanylphosphaalkenes
- Aleksandra Ziółkowska
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Łukasz Ponikiewski
2021 Full text Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
Phospha-Wittig (phosphanylphosphinidene titanium(IV) complex) and phospha-Peterson (lithiated diphosphane) reactions were used to obtain phosphanylphosphaalkenes with the general formula XYC=P-PtBu2 (X = alkyl, aryl group or H; Y = alkyl or aryl group). Therefore, two series of reactions with different ketones and aldehydes were performed. An examination revealed that the two methods are complementary. For smaller carbonyl compounds, the phospha-Wittig reaction was shown to be a much better method, while for larger substituents (mainly aromatic), the phospha-Peterson reaction was shown to be a reliable method. These studies led to, among other things, the isolation of seven phosphanylphosphaalkenes in crystalline form after the phospha-Peterson reaction: (Ph)2C=P-PtBu2 (3a), Z-(Ph)(4-CN-Ph)C=P-PtBu2 (3c), (4-CN-Ph)2C=P-PtBu2 (3d), (4-MeO-Ph)2C=P-PtBu2 (3e), E-tBu(Ph)C=P-PtBu2 (3f), E-{(Me)2N-Ph}(H)C=P-PtBu2 (4d) and E-PhPh(H)C=P-PtBu2 (4e). Corresponding compounds were obtained at high yields under mild conditions, and more importantly, these new species are relatively air- and absolutely moisture-stable, especially these originating from aldehydes aldehyde. Additionally, a comprehensive DFT study helped us to establish not only the key factors crucial for the effective phospha-Wittig-based synthesis of C=P-P species but also the consecutive steps along the reaction path leading to the formation of these compounds.
Two-photon microperimetry with picosecond pulses
- Marcin Marzejon
- Łukasz Kornaszewski
- Jakub Bogusławski
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Miłosz Martynow
- Grażyna Palczewska
- Sebastian Maćkowski
- Krzysztof Palczewski
- Maciej Wojtkowski
- Katarzyna Komar
2021 Full text Biomedical Optics Express
Two-photon vision is a phenomenon associated with the perception of short pulsesof near-infrared radiation (900-1200 nm) as a visible light. It is caused by the nonlinear processof two-photon absorption by visual pigments. Here we present results showing the influence ofpulse duration and repetition rate of short pulsed lasers on the visual threshold. We comparedtwo-photon sensitivity maps of the retina obtained for subjects with normal vision using acost-effective fiber laser (λc=1028.4 nm,τp=12.2 ps,Frep=19.17 MHz) and a solid-state laser(λc=1043.3 nm,τp=0.253 ps,Frep=62.65 MHz). We have shown that in accordance with thedescription of two-photon absorption, the average optical power required for two-photon visionfor a fiber laser is 4 times greater than that for a solid-state laser. Mean sensitivity measured forthe first one is 5.9±2.8 dB lower than for the second but still 17 dB away from the safety limit,confirming that picosecond light sources can be successfully applied in microperimetry. Thisdevelopment would dramatically reduce the cost and complexity of future clinical devices
Two-Row ESPAR Antenna with Simple Elevation and Azimuth Beam Switching
- Mateusz Rzymowski
- Łukasz Kulas
2021 Full text IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
In this letter, we propose a two-row electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna designed for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in Internet of Things (IoT) applications relying on simple microcontrollers. The antenna is capable of elevation and azimuth beam switching using a simple microcontroller-oriented steering circuit and provides 18 directional radiation patterns, which can be grouped in 3 distinctive sets having different directions in the elevation. For each elevation direction, there are 6 different beam configurations that cover 360 degrees in the horizontal plane. Measurements of the realized antenna prototype carried out in an anechoic chamber show good agreement with numerical simulations. The antenna prototype provides low side lobe level (SLL), low half power beam width (HPBW) in both elevation and horizontal directions, and exhibit monotonous drop from the maximum value for all 18 radiation patterns. Therefore, the antenna is a good candidate for IoT nodes capable of DoA estimation in situations when radio frequency (RF) signals are impinging the antenna from different directions in elevation.