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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2022

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  • Food Classification from Images Using a Neural Network Based Approach with NVIDIA Volta and Pascal GPUs
    • Ewa Tusień
    • Aleksandra Wilke
    • Joanna Woźna
    • Paweł Czarnul
    2022 Full text

    In the paper we investigate the problem of food classification from images, for the Food-101 dataset extended with 31 additional food classes from Polish cuisine. We adopted transfer learning and firstly measured training times for models such as MobileNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, ResNet101, ResNet101V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, NasNetMobile and DenseNet, for systems with NVIDIA Tesla V100 (Volta) and NVIDIA GTX 1060 (Pascal) GPUs. We presented inference times corresponding to training the various considered network models, both using a desktop NVIDIA GTX 1060 GPU and an Intel i7-7000 CPU. Subsequently, we investigated the InceptionV3 model in more detail, best in the preliminary tests, regarding the impact of both learning rates (including both various fixed and variable rates) as well as batch sizes on the accuracy of classification, along with training times for various batch sizes. This allowed to identify better learning rate configurations as well as classification performance versus training time.

  • FOREIGN TRADE WITH CHINA: NO REASON FOR “GERMAN ANGST”
    • Franz Peter Lang
    • Oleksandr Melnychenko
    2022 Full text Współpraca Europejska

    Sankcje w związku z rosyjską agresją zbrojną przeciwko Ukrainie i naruszenie zwykłych światowych szlaków handlowych powodują w Niemczech obawy, że niemiecka gospodarka może zostać szantażowana handlem z silnym partnerem, tj. Chinami.Analiza danych dotyczących niemiecko-chińskiego handlu zagranicznego i jego wpływu na gospodarkę i zatrudnienie pokazuje, że Chiny są jednym z nielicznych na-jważniejszych partnerów handlowych, ale w żaden sposób nie zajmują dominującą pozycję. Współzależność, która nieuchronnie wynika ze stosunków handlowych, oka-zała się możliwa do opanowania, a nawet może zostać rozszerzona poprzez racjonalną politykę w Chinach.Aby móc ocenić możliwy przyszły rozwój sytuacji, globalne ambicje gospodarcze Chin rozpatrywane są na tle planowanych na dużą skalę projektów, realnego potenc-jału i obecnych słabości. Przy obecnym neomaoizmie pojawiają się jednak wątpliwości, czy normalne stosunki z przeludnionymi Chinami mogą być kontynuowane, a nawet rozszerzane

  • Forewarned Is Forearmed: Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Catheter-Induced Coronary and Aortic Injuries
    • Barbara Klaudel
    • Jacek Klaudel
    2022 Full text International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

    Catheter-induced dissections (CID) of coronary arteries and/or the aorta are among the most dangerous complications of percutaneous coronary procedures, yet the data on their risk factors are anecdotal. Logistic regression and five more advanced machine learning techniques were applied to determine the most significant predictors of dissection. Model performance comparison and feature importance ranking were evaluated. We identified 124 cases of CID in electronic databases containing 84,223 records of diagnostic and interventional coronary procedures from the years 2000–2022. Based on the f1-score, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was found to have the optimal balance between positive predictive value (precision) and sensitivity (recall). As by the XGBoost, the strongest predictors were the use of a guiding catheter (angioplasty), small/stenotic ostium, radial access, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, prior angioplasty, female gender, chronic renal failure, atypical coronary origin, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Risk prediction can be bolstered with machine learning algorithms and provide valuable clinical decision support. Based on the proposed model, a profile of ‘a perfect dissection candidate’ can be defined. In patients with ‘a clustering’ of dissection predictors, a less aggressive catheter and/or modification of the access site should be considered.

  • Formation of OH Radicals as Evidence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Migration in Cation-Induced Dissociation of Furan Molecules
    • Tomasz Wąsowicz
    2022 Romanian Journal of Physics

    We present the experimental results on a hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the furan molecules induced by the H3+ and C+ impact. The excited OH(A2Σ+) radical has been detected among the furan decomposition products using collision-induced emission spectroscopy. However, the OH moiety is absent in the furan ring skeleton, so detecting the OH(A2Σ+→X2Π) luminescence indicates the intramolecular H atom relocation prior to cation-induced fragmentation. Guided by the most recent theoretical calculations, the dissociation mechanism that governs the OH(A2Σ+) formation observed in this work is elucidated.

  • Fouling mechanisms in anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor based on adapted Hermia models and main foulant characteristics
    • Hossein Shams
    • Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
    • Reza Maknoon
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Mayam Hasani Zonoozi
    2022 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

    Various derivatives of Hermia models (complete pore blocking, intermediate pore blocking, cake layer formation, and standard pore blocking) and different assessments of foulant characteristics have long been used to determine the membrane fouling mechanisms. Accordingly, this study aims to adapt Hermia models and their combination according to the operating conditions of an anoxic-aerobic sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (A/O-SBMBR). In addition, fouling mechanisms of the A/O-SBMBR were assessed using these models along with the main foulant characteristics. Models fitting with the transmembrane pressure (TMP) data indicated that the intermediate-standard model was accounting for the increased fouling during the whole regular operating period, with the residual sum of squares (RSS) of 58.3. A more detailed study on the distinct stages of TMP curve showed that the intermediate-standard model had the best fit in stages of 2 and 3, with the RSS equal to 2.6 and 2.8, respectively. Also, the complete-standard model provided the best description of the fouling mechanism in stage 4, with the RSS of 12.5. Different analyzes revealed how the main foulant characteristics affect the occurrence of intermediate, complete and standard fouling mechanisms in the A/O-SBMBR, which is consistent with the fitting results of the adapted Hermia models. The modeling and experimental methods used in the presented study provided a valuable basis to prevent and control membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors.

  • FPGA Acceleration of Matrix-Assembly Phase of RWG-Based MoM
    • Tomasz Topa
    • Artur Noga
    • Tomasz Stefański
    2022 Full text IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    In this letter, the field-programmable-gate-array accelerated implementation of matrix-assembly phase of the method of moments (MoM) is presented. The solution is based on a discretization of the frequency-domain mixed potential integral equation using the Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions and their extension to wire-to-surface junctions. To take advantage of the given hardware resources (i.e., Xilinx Alveo U200 accelerator card), nine independent processing paths/runtime efficient compute units are developed and synthesized. Numerical results provided for a quadrifilar spiral antenna mounted on a conductive handset box show that the proposed parallelization scheme performs 9.53× faster than a traditional (i.e., serial) central processing unit (CPU) MoM implementation, and about 1.67× faster than a parallel six-core CPU MoM implementation.

  • Fracture Surface Behavior of 34CrNiMo6 High-Strength Steel Bars with Blind Holes under Bending-Torsion Fatigue
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Ricardo Branco
    • José Domingos Costa
    • Jarosław Trembacz
    2022 Full text Materials

    The present study evaluates the fracture surface response of fatigued 34CrNiMo6 steel bars with transverse blind holes subjected to bending with torsion loading. The analysis of the geometric product specification was performed by means of height parameters Sx, functional volume parameters Vx, and fractal dimension Df. Surface topography measurements were carried out using an optical profilometer with focus variation technology. The experimental results show that the doubling the bending to torsion moment ratio B/T from B/T = 1 to B/T = 2, maintaining the same normal stress amplitude, greatly reduces both Sa, Vv as well as the fractal dimension Df of the analyzed specimen fractures by 32.1%, 29.8%, and 16.0%, respectively. However, as expected, a two-fold increase in the B/T ratio, maintaining the same normal stress amplitude, resulted in a larger number of cycles to fatigue crack initiation, Ni, which can be explained by the lower shear stress level. These experiments prove that parameters Sx, Vx, Df are smaller for larger Ni values, which is an important finding. In addition, it was found a high consistency of surface topography measurements for the two sides of the broken specimens. The proposed methodology is both reliable and applicable for other engineering applications involving different geometries and loading conditions.

  • Fracture surface formation of notched 2017A-T4 aluminium alloy under bending fatigue
    • Wojciech Macek
    2022 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE

    The effect of cyclic loading on facture surface topology in notched components made by aluminium alloys is not completely clear. Fractogra-phy and fracture mechanics can help to understand this interdependency. This paper aims to study the distribution of the fracture surface roughness of notched 2017A-T4 aluminium alloy after bending fatigue using an optical focus-variation surface measurement technique by applying the fracture zone concept. The effects of stress level at the notch root and the load ratio on fatigue crack growth and fracture surfaces are analysed. Profile and areal surface parameters of four fracture surface regions were investigated at incre-mental crack lengths of the specimens. Studies have confirmed that the surface areas associated with the main stages of fatigue phenomenon (i.e. crack initiation , crack propagation, and final rupture) have significant differences in roughness which can be explained by the different loading scenarios. Overall, fatigue fracture surfaces have smallest roughness values at the crack initiation stage and a gradual increase during the fatigue crack growth stage.

  • Fracture surface topography investigation and fatigue life assessment of notched austenitic steel specimens
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Grzegorz Robak
    • Krzysztof Żak
    • Ricardo Branco
    2022 Full text ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS

    The objectives of this study were to investigate the fracture surface topography of X8CrNiS18-9 austenitic stainless-steel specimens for different loadings and notch radii and to supplement the knowledge about the fracture mechanisms for fatigue performance. Cases with three different values of the notch radius ρ and the stress amplitude σa were analysed. The fracture topographies were quantified by the areas over their entire surfaces with the aid of an optical confocal measurement system. The results showed a well-correlated root mean square height Sq and void volume Vv, identifying the characteristics of the entire fracture method. A fracture surface topography fatigue damage model was developed based on the product of the stress amplitude σa by the Sq to the Vv ratio. Overall, the predictions were close to the fatigue lives found in the experiments.

  • Fragility analysis of structural pounding between adjacent structures arranged in series with various alignment configurations under near‑field earthquakes
    • Fahimeh Ebrahimiyan
    • Ali Mohammad Hadianfard
    • Hosein Naderpour
    • Robert Jankowski
    2022 Full text Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering

    A major cause of local to total damages is related to structural pounding in a large number of past earthquakes. In general, these collisions take place as a result of differences in the dynamic characteristics of the colliding structures. To acquire a better perception of the behavior of structures, in this paper, three structures featuring different heights are modeled in series and with various configurations next to each other in OpenSees. To determine the collision effects of the structures, three different configurations of 4-, 8- and 12-story adjacent reinforced concrete special moment resisting frames were considered. Then, by conducting an incremental dynamic analysis, their structural seismic limit state capacities were assessed via 20 near-field record subsets recommended by FEMA-P695. At last, for the above adjacent buildings with various separation distances and configurations, the fragility curves were determined, and the probability of exceedance from the primary Hazus-MH failure criteria was estimated. In addition, the results were compared with those obtained when this phenomenon did not take place for buildings to have a better perception of the pounding phenomenon. The results of the analyses show that arranging adjacent structures in series greatly affects the collapse capacities of the colliding structures. In addition, in the case when the shorter structure is placed in the middle of two taller structures, it results in the most critical situation among all configurations, and in this case, a higher reduction is observed in the structural performance levels.

  • Fragmentomic analysis of biopeptides in silico released from milk proteins
    • Anna Iwaniak
    • Antoni Taraszkiewicz
    2022 Full text POLISH JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

    The fragmentomic-assisted method was employed to predict the biological potential of peptides derived from milk proteins hydrolyzed by papain and bromelain. Firstly, protein sequences were acquired from the BIOPEP-UWM database and then hydrolyzed by the above enzymes using a BIOPEP-UWM tool called “Enzyme(s) action”. The released peptides were defined as parent peptides and further analyzed for the presence of shorter peptidic regions with documented bioactivity as well as their likelihood to be bioactive. The results revealed the bioactive potential of the released parent peptides. β-Casein was found as the best source of biopeptides. Although this finding is consistent with literature data, the new parent peptide i.e., PVQPFTESQSLTLTDVENLHLPPLLLQSWMHQPHQPLPPTVMFPPQSVLSLSQSK, produced by the action of bromelain might be considered as a new strategic zone due to the presence of multi-active regions. Some parent peptides theoretically produced from milk proteins turned out to be fully bioactive. Despite the usefulness of the tools for peptide bioactivity prediction, the critical thinking while planning the application of such data in future experiments would thus appear to be a worthwhile line of inquiry.

  • From fluid mechanics backgrounds to modern field theory
    • Janusz Badur
    • Tomasz Ochrymiuk
    • Tomasz Kowalczyk
    • Waldemar Dudda
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    2022 ACTA MECHANICA

    Our presentation keeps a historical line of reasoning, since we start from old concepts of fluid mechanics and finish on concepts of modern field theory. We want to show that some facts from the nature phenomena, which have firstly been discovered on the ground of fluid mechanics, were next incorporated into physics and later become the important pattern for whole mathematical physics. Especially, well-known continuum models, which have firstly been found in fluid mechanics, next became the key patterns in theoretical astronomy, electrodynamics, string theory, etc. Technically, it was possible, since in the 18th-century, many researchers, like Newton, Wallis, Euler, Clairaut, Lagrange, have developed fluid mechanics simultaneously with whole physics, therefore fluid mechanics analytical tools, step by step, become the whole physic ones. In other words, fluid mechanics played a leading role in those days and undoubtedly formed the basis for the development of many leading areas of physics

  • From Individual to Collective: Intelligence Amplification with Bio-Inspired Decisional DNA and its Extensions
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2022 Full text

    In nature, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The idea behind our vision is to develop an artificial system, an architecture that would support discovering, adding, storing, improving and sharing information and knowledge among agents and organizations through experience. We propose a novel Knowledge Representation (KR) approach in which experiential knowledge is represented by Set of Experience (SOE), and is carried into the future by Decisional DNA (DDNA). This research has enormous and exciting potential of opening entirely new and so far not conceptually conceived horizons in developing and using collective intelligence to find solutions to different problems.

  • From the pills to environment – Prediction and tracking of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug concentrations in wastewater
    • Katarzyna Kołecka
    • Magdalena Gajewska
    • Magda Caban
    2022 Full text SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    The extend of environment pollution by pharmaceuticals is in a stage that required more automatic and integrated solutions. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most popular pharmaceutical in the world and emerging pollutants of natural waters. The aim of the paper was to check the correlation of the sales data of selected NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) and their concentration in the WWTP in order to enable predicting their loads, having only the sales data. For calculations, we apply three discharge scenarios (the fates between purchased to the presence in influents), having in mind that some part of sold mass can be improperly dispose to sewage system. To support predictions, chemical analysis was conducted in two conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Poland during 2018 and 2020, thereby before and during pandemic situation. The NSAIDs concentration in the influent was higher than that which would be obtained if all of the administrated mass of the pharmaceutical went through the metabolic pathway of transformation. This means that substantial mass of sold NSAIDs in improperly dispose to sewage system, and this factor need to be taken into account in future predictions. Furthermore, results indicate that the variance of naproxen and diclofenac concentrations in the influent has no correlation with relatively stable sales throughout whole year. The pandemic situation had yet no direct effect to diclofenac concentrations in influents, despite observed increasing of sales. It was calculated that more than 60 kg of diclofenac was discharged into the Baltic Sea in 2018, and 20 kg in the first half of 2021 from two tested WWTPs. The presence of 4OH-diclofenac in effluents often in higher concentration compared to diclofenac mean that this still biologically active compound need to be taken into account in future risk assessment.

  • From tryptophan to novel mitochondria-disruptive agent, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3,6-tetrasubstituted carbazoles
    • Milena Witkowska
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Małgorzata Ryczkowska
    • Mateusz Olszewski
    • Maciej Bagiński
    • Sławomir Makowiec
    2022 Full text EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

    Mitochondrial targeting plays an important role in anticancer therapy. The Mn(III)-promoted cyclization of 5- (1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopentanoic acid allow to obtain novel substituted carbazole derivatives that can act as mitochondria-disruptive agents. The starting materials used for the synthesis of these new aminocarbazoles are oxopentanoate derivatives of tryptophan. The scope and limitation of this method of synthesis are determined by a series of experiments. The prepared carbazole derivatives are screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against a broad panel of human cancer cells and normal cell lines. Among the tested compounds, the most active ones are examined further against human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) and human bone osteosarcoma (U-2 OS), in complex in vitro cellular assays, including studies on cell cycle distribution, intracellular compartmentalization, antimigratory properties, mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and type of cellular death. The results reveal that the synthesized compounds display potent oxidative activity inducing massive accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, which lead to a parallel change in the assembly of mitochondria causing their dysfunction. These findings provide new leads for the treatment of colon cancer and osteosarcoma.

  • Functional fluorine-doped tin oxide coating for opto-electrochemical label-free biosensors
    • Dariusz Burnat
    • Petr Sezemsky
    • Katarzyna Lechowicz
    • Marcin Koba
    • Marta Janczuk-Richter
    • Monika Janik
    • Vitezslav Stranak
    • Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    • Mateusz Śmietana
    2022 Full text SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL

    Sensors operating in multiple domains, such as optical and electrochemical, offer properties making biosensing more effective than those working in a single domain. To combine such domains in one sensing device, materials offering a certain set of properties are required. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin film is discussed in this work as functional optically for guiding lossy modes and simultaneously electrochemically, i.e. as a conductive material for a working electrode. Performance of the FTO-based optical fiber lossy-mode resonance (LMR) sensor in both optical and electrochemical domains is analyzed. Additionally, to enhance applicability of the sensor, its probe-like reflection configuration has been developed. It is found that FTO may be considered as a promising alternative for other thin conductive oxides (TCO), such as indium tin oxide (ITO) that has been often applied up to date in various dual-domain sensing concepts. In the optical domain, the sensitivity of the FTO-LMR sensor to external refractive index (RI) has reached 450 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.33–1.40 RIU. In the electrochemical domain, in turn, the response for FTO electrode in 1,1′-Ferrocenedimethanol solution has been reached with RedOx current low peak-to-peak separation. In contrast to the ITO-LMR sensors, the FTO-LMR counterparts exhibit a significant influence of applied potential on LMR wavelength shift in a wide potential range. It is shown using streptavidin as a target biomaterial that label-free biosensing applications of the FTO-LMR approach are possible. The dual-domain functionality allows for cross-verification between readouts received in both the domains, as well as enhancement of optical sensitivity when cross-domain interactions are applied.

  • Functionalized nanodiamonds as a perspective green carbo-catalyst for removal of emerging organic pollutants
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Full text CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE

    Rapid industrial and urban development jointly with rising global population strongly affect the large-scale issues with drinking, groundwater, and surface water pollution. Concerns are not limited to environmental issues but also human health impact becoming serious global aspect. Organic pollution becomes a primarily serious hazard, therefore, the novel sophisticated approaches to treat them are thoroughly investigated. Among numerous materials, functionalized nanodiamonds are specific versatile nanocarbon material attracted ample attention thanks to their exceptional chemical, optical and electronic properties beneficial in the decomposition of harmful organic chemicals. This work delivers a comprehensive review of progress and perspectives on the green-friendly nanodiamonds, which are suitable for the degradation of emerging organic pollutants using numerous approaches utilizing them as an electro-oxidation catalyst; photocatalyst; oxidation agent, or adsorbing surface. Novel modification strategies of nanodiamonds (i.e., persulfates, oxides, or metals) remarkably improve pollutant removal efficiency and facilitate charge transfer and surface regeneration. Furthermore, we evaluated also the influence of various factors like pH, natural organic matters, or radical scavengers on the removal efficiency combining them with nanodiamond properties. The identified missing research gaps and development perspectives of nanodiamond surfaces in water remediation relating to other nanocarbon and metal catalysts were also here described.

  • Fundamentals of Data-Driven Surrogate Modeling
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2022

    The primary topic of the book is surrogate modeling and surrogate-based design of high-frequency structures. The purpose of the first two chapters is to provide the reader with an overview of the two most important classes of modeling methods, data-driven (or approx-imation), as well as physics-based ones. These are covered in Chap-ters 1 and 2, respectively. The remaining parts of the book give an exposition of the specific aspects of particular modeling methodolo-gies and their applications to solving various simulation-driven de-sign tasks such as parametric optimization or uncertainty quantifica-tion. Data-driven models are by far the most popular types of surro-gates. This is due to several reasons, including versatility, low evalu-ation cost, a large variety of matured methods, and—important from the point of view of practical utility—widespread availability through third-party toolboxes implemented in programming envi-ronments such as Matlab. This chapter covers the fundamentals of approximation-based modeling. We discuss the surrogate modeling flow, design of experiments, selected modeling methods (e.g., kriging, radial basis functions, support vector regression, or polyno-mial chaos expansion), as well as discuss model validation ap-proaches. The presented material is intended to provide the readers who are new to the subject with the basics necessary to understand the remaining parts of the book. On the other hand, it is by no means exhaustive, and the readers interested in a more detailed exposition can refer to a rich literature of the subject.

  • Fundamentals of Physics-Based Surrogate Modeling
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2022

    Chapter 1 was focused on data-driven (or approximation-based) modeling methods. The second major class of surrogates are physics-based models outlined in this chapter. Although they are not as popular, their importance is growing because of the challenges related to construction and handling of approximation surrogates for many real-world problems. The high cost of evaluating computational models, nonlinearity of system responses, dimensionality issues as well as combinations of these factors, may lead to a situation, where setting up a data-driven model is not possible or at least not practical. On the other hand, incorporation of the problem-specific knowledge, typically in the form of a lower-fidelity computational model, often alleviates the aforementioned difficulties. The enhancement of the low-fidelity models using a limited amount of high-fidelity data is the essence of physics-based surrogate modeling. This chapter provides a brief characterization of this class of surrogates, explains the concept and various types of low-fidelity models, as well as outlines several specific modeling approaches, also in the context of surrogate-assisted optimization.

  • Galerkin Finite Element Process for Entropy Production and Thermal Evaluation of Third-Grade Fluid Flow: A Thermal Case Study
    • Faisal Shahzad
    • Wasim Jamshed
    • El Sayed M. Tag El Din
    • Rabia Safdar
    • Nor Air Azeany Mohd Nazir
    • Rabha W. Ibrahim
    • Syed M. Hussain
    • Ikram Ullah
    • Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
    • Marek Krawczuk
    2022 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    : A fluid’s moving class improves its heat transmission capability, as well as its rigidity, owing to multivariate molecule suspension. In this way, nanofluids are superior to common fluids. In this study, we evaluated the features of ease and heat transfer. Furthermore, we investigated permeable media, heat source, variable heat conductivity, and warm irradiation results. A mathematical technique known as the Galerkin finite element (G-FEM) approach was used to solve the supervising conditions. Third-grade nanofluid (TGNF), which consists of two types of nanoparticles (NPs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) distributed in a base liquid of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water, was used for this examination. The main conclusion of this study is that MWCNT-CMC nanofluid has a higher heat transfer velocity than SWCNT-CMC nanofluid. The entropy of the framework can be increased by adjusting the thermal conductivity. Additionally, we found that increasing the main volume section decreases the speed but increases the dispersion of atomic energy. In order to separately account for the development properties of inertial forces and shallow heat dispersion forces, Reynolds and Brinkman values can be used to accelerate the entropy rate of the heating framework.