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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2022

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  • Marcinkiewicz Averages of Smooth Orthogonal Projections on Sphere
    • Marcin Bownik
    • Karol Dziedziul
    • Anna Kamont
    2022 Full text JOURNAL OF FOURIER ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS

    We construct a single smooth orthogonal projection with desired localization whose average under a group action yields the decomposition of the identity operator. For any full rank lattice \Gamma ⊂ R^d , a smooth projection is localized in a neighborhood of an arbitrary precompact fundamental domain R^d / \Gamma. We also show the existence of a highly localized smooth orthogonal projection, whose Marcinkiewicz average under the action of S O(d), is a multiple of the identity on L^2(S^{d−1}). As an application we construct highly localized continuous Parseval frames on the sphere.

  • Market Regeneration in Line with Sustainable Urban Development
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Piotr Czyż
    • Giorgio Gasco
    • Weronika Mazurkiewicz
    • Dorota Nałęcz
    • Marcin Szczepański
    2022 Full text Sustainability

    This article presents the study of the optimal design solutions for regeneration of marketplaces. It examines the design variants for the revitalisation of the marketplace, in particular, investment in their modernisation in order to find the most optimal model for transforming these public spaces to have a significant impact on the city’s development. The research is a comparative analysis of the implementation of regeneration design models on the marketplace within the Oliwa district of Gdansk (Poland).The data for the case study design models includes analysis based on various optimisation criteria, taking into account the urban and economic aspects of the city landscape when selecting a specific space revitalisation design model. The implementation of regeneration investment includes a number of complex processes that must be sustainable and so require rational social and spatial planning, as well as proper organisation in terms of cost and time.

  • Matematyczny świat wirusów i bakterii
    • Agnieszka Bartłomiejczyk
    2022

    Kiedyś, mówiąc o zastosowaniach matematyki, przychodziła nam na myśl głównie fizyka. Dziś wiemy, że matematyka ma ważne zastosowania również w biologii i medycynie. To, jak szybko rozwijają się bakterie i wirusy oraz jak szybko odpowiada na ich obecność nasz układ odpornościowy, można opisać językiem matematyki. Głównym narzędziem służącym do opisu tempa zmiany interesującej nas wielkości jest pochodna. Dzięki pochodnej możemy przewidzieć wzrost lub spadek liczby zachorowań, np. na grypę czy COVID-19, co pozwala nam na podjęcie skutecznych działań zapobiegających rozwojowi pandemii.

  • Mater-Bi/Brewers’ Spent Grain Biocomposites—Novel Approach to Plant-Based Waste Filler Treatment by Highly Efficient Thermomechanical and Chemical Methods
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Olga Mysiukiewicz
    • Paweł Sulima
    • Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
    • Daria Kowalkowska-Zedler
    2022 Full text Materials

    Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a homogenous material prepared from native starch and water or other plasticizers subjected to mixing at a temperature exceeding starch gelatinization temperature. It shows major drawbacks like high moisture sensitivity, poor mechanical properties, and thermal stability. To overcome these drawbacks without significant cost increase, TPS could be blended with bio-based or biodegradable polymers and filled with plant-based fillers, beneficially waste-based, like brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the main brewing by-product. Filler modifications are often required to enhance the compatibility of such composites. Herein, we investigated the impact of BSG thermomechanical and chemical treatments on the structure, physical, thermal, and rheological performance of Mater-Bi-based composites. Thermomechanical modifications enhanced matrix thermal stability under oxidative conditions delaying degradation onset by 33 ◦C. Moreover, BSG enhanced the crystallization of the polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) fraction of Mater-Bi, potentially improving mechanical properties and shortening processing time. BSG chemical treatment with isophorone diisocyanate improved the processing properties of the composites, expressed by a 33% rise in melt flow index. Depending on the waste filler’s selected treatment, processing, and rheological performance, thermal stability or interfacial adhesion of composites could be enhanced. Moreover, the appearance of the final materials could be adjusted by filler selection.

  • Material characterisation of biaxial glass-fibre non-crimp fabrics as a function of ply orientation, stitch pattern, stitch length and stitch tension
    • Philipp Quenzel
    • Hauke Kröger
    • Boris Manin
    • Khiêm Ngoc Vu
    • Thang X. Duong
    • Thomas Gries
    • Mikhail Itskov
    • Roger Sauer
    2022 Full text JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

    Due to their high density-specific stiffnesses and strength, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are particularly interesting for mobility and transport applications. Warp-knitted non-crimp fabrics (NCF) are one possible way to produce such FRP composites. They are advantageous because of their low production costs and the ability to tailor the properties of the textile to the reinforcement and drape requirements of the application. Based on their specific production parameters, their draping properties can vary significantly. Draping simulations are used to predict the forming behaviour without relying on costly and time consuming trial and error experiments. However, these simulations require a broad material dataset to make accurate predictions. Previous studies have investigated the relationships between production parameters and drape behaviour only in isolation for a limited number of material parameters at a time. In this study, a comprehensive material characterisation is carried out. The influence of ply orientation, stitch pattern, stitch length and stitch tension on the tensile and bending properties and the friction, shear and drape behaviour of NCFs are investigated on a meso and macro scale. Furthermore, the inter-ply sliding phenomena in bias extension tests are analysed and the results of bias extension and picture frame tests are compared.

  • Material Design and Optimisation of Electrochemical Li-Ion Storage Properties of Ternary Silicon Oxycarbide/Graphite/Tin Nanocomposites
    • Dominik Knozowski
    • Pradeep Vallachira Warriam Sasikumar
    • Piotr Madajski
    • Gurdial Blugan
    • Maria Gazda
    • Natalia Kovalska
    • Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
    2022 Full text Nanomaterials

    In this work, we present the characterization and electrochemical performance of various ternary silicon oxycarbide/graphite/tin (SiOC/C/Sn) nanocomposites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. In binary SiOC/Sn composites, tin nanoparticles may be produced in situ via carbothermal reduction of SnO2 to metallic Sn, which consumes free carbon from the SiOC ceramic phase, thereby limiting the carbon content in the final ceramic nanocomposite. Therefore, to avoid drawbacks with carbon depletion, we used graphite as a substitute during the synthesis of precursors. The ternary composites were synthesized from liquid precursors and flake graphite using the ultrasound-assisted hydrosilylation method and pyrolysis at 1000 °C in an Ar atmosphere. The role of the graphitic component is to ensure good electric conductivity and the softness of the material, which are crucial for long term stability during alloying–dealloying processes. The presented approach allows us to increase the content of the tin precursor from 40 wt.% to 60 wt.% without losing the electrochemical stability of the final material. The charge/discharge capacity (at 372 mA g−1 current rate) of the tailored SiOC/C/Sn composite is about 100 mAh g−1 higher compared with that of the binary SiOC/Sn composite. The ternary composites, however, are more sensitive to high current rates (above 372 mA g−1) compared to the binary one because of the presence of graphitic carbon.

  • Mathematical Approach to Assess a Human Gait
    • Wiktoria Wojnicz
    • Bartłomiej Zagrodny
    • Michał Ludwicki
    • Jan Awrejcewicz
    2022

    A purpose of the paper was to create a mathematical approach to assess a human gait. The scope of the study was to model a normal gait in the sagittal plane and frontal plane of the body. Applying the Newton-Euler formulation, three multibody biomechanical models were derived to describe single support phase and double support phase of the gait. To model a gait in the sagittal plane the open-close sagittal 6DOF model and the open-close sagittal 7DOF model can be used. To model a gait in the frontal plane the open-close frontal 7DOF model can be applied. Presented multibody models can be used to solve a forward dynamic task or an inverse dynamic task.

  • Mathematical model to assess energy consumption using water inflow-drainage system of iron-ore mines in terms of a stochastic process
    • Oleg Sinchuk
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Igor Sinchuk
    • Теtуаnа Веridzе
    • Vladyslav Fedotov
    • Vladyslav Baranovskyi
    • Kyrylo Budnikov
    2022 Full text Mining of Mineral Deposits

    Purpose is to develop a unified mathematical model to assess energy efficiency of a water inflow-drainage process as the real variant of stochastic method for water pumping from underground workings of iron-ore mines. Methods. The research process was based upon the methods of probability theory as well as stochastic modelling methods. The stochastic function integration has been reduced to summation of its ordinates and further transition to a proper boundary. Findings. A mathematical model of a water inflow-drainage system as a stochastic process has been developed in terms of input parameters of a standard operating iron-ore mine. The abovementioned has made it possible to assess realistically, substantiate, and obtain possibilities for a specific production facility as well as for generalization of the results involving determination of stochastic characteristics of drainage process. Originality. For the first time, a mathematical model of drainage from underground levels of iron-ore mines has been developed as a stochastic process. The process characteristics have been identified relying upon randomness of a water pumping technique. In contrast to the available settings, the new model parameters characterize their dispersion. Possibility to obtain complete characteristics of energy consumption has been obtained: for drainage; for water accumulation volume in underground water collectors; for water pumping from the specified mine depths over the specific period as random processes. A number of drainage features have been analyzed and differentiated being determined with the help of normal law of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors in iron-ore mines. Practical implications. In terms of operating iron-ore mine, a generalized drainage mathematical model has been developed as a stochastic process using statistical data concerning water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors. It has been proved that if the ordinates of water accumulation velocity in the underground water collectors obey the normal distribution law then it is expedient to characterize drainage as a stochastic process. The developed methods, studying drainage as a stochastic process, help expand the research boundaries involving other auxiliary operations performed during underground mining of iron ore raw materials.

  • Mathematical modelling of gasification process of sewage sludge in reactor of negative CO2 emission power plant
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Janusz Badur
    • Halina Pawlak-kruczek
    • Kamil Stasiak
    • Milad Amiri
    • Lukasz Niedzwiecki
    • Krystian Krochmalny
    • Jakub Mularski
    • Paweł Madejski
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2022 Full text ENERGY

    Sewage sludge is a residue of wastewater processing that is biologically active and consists of water,organic matter, including dead and alive pathogens, as well as organic and inorganic contaminants suchas polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. Due to the nature of sewage sludge and itspossible influence on human health and wellbeing, it is a subject of various regulations. Currently,sewage sludge is considered as biomass, according to the new Polish act on renewable energy sources ofFebruary 20, 2015 and its novel version of July 19, 2019. This study presents a novel model, along with acomparison with experimental results. The model could be used for sewage sludge gasification modellingfor accurate assessment of the performance of novel concepts bioenergy with carbon capture and storage(BECCS) installations, using sewage sludge as a fuel. The composition of the dry produced gas, deter-mined experimentally, yields: XCO¼0.093, XCO2¼0.264, XCH4¼0.139, XCxHy¼0.035, and XH2¼0.468.Performed modifications to the original Deringer-with-Gumz-modification gasification model allowed toobtain good agreement with the experimental results, reaching XCO¼0.071, XCO2¼0.243, XCH4¼0.139,XC3H8¼0.035, and XH2¼0.512. The main novelty in the formulas of the internal model was due topropane inclusion, which was not found in the literature before. Additionally, sulphur dioxide wasapplied in exchange for other sulphur components presented in the original model. Equilibrium con-stants were adjusted to suit the experimental model. For ease of calculation, the own code was used toiterate multiple temperatures. Included was the energy balance equation that is essential for verification

  • Maxillary sinus aeration analysis using computational fluid dynamics
    • Dmitry Tretiakow
    • Krzysztof Tesch
    • Karolina Markiet
    • Andrzej Skorek
    2022 Full text Scientific Reports

    The maxillary sinus aeration using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on individual adult patients’ computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed. The analysis was based on CT images of 4 patients: one with normal nose anatomy and three with nasal septal deviation (NSD) and concha bullosa (CB). The CFD simulation was performed using the Reynolds-Average Simulation approach and turbulence closure based on linear eddy viscosity supplemented with the two-equation k-\(\omega\) SST model. As a result, it was found that the lower part of NSD has the most significant impact on the airflow change within the maxillary sinuses compared to CB and the upper part of NSD. In a healthy nose, the airflow in the sinuses is continuous, while NSD and CB change this flow into pulsatile. Multiple changes in the direction of flow during one respiratory phase were observed. The flow intensity within the maxillary sinus opening is lower on the NSD side. The concept of vorticity measure is introduced to evaluate and compare various patients qualitatively. Typically, the lowest values of such measures are obtained for healthy airways and the highest for pathological changes in the nasal cavity.

  • May Staphylococcus lugdunensis Be an Etiological Factor of Chronic Maxillary Sinuses Infection?
    • Maja Kosecka-Strojek
    • Mariola Wolska-Gębarzewska
    • Adrianna Podbielska-Kubera
    • Alfred Samet
    • Beata Krawczyk
    • Jacek Międzobrodzki
    • Michał Michalik
    2022 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an opportunistic pathogen found in the healthy human skin microbiome bacterial community that is able to cause infections of diverse localization, manifestation, and course, including laryngological infections, such as necrotizing sinusitis. Chronic maxillary sinusitis is a disease present in up to one third of European and American populations, and its etiology is not fully described. Within this study, we aimed to characterize 18 S. lugdunensis strains recovered from maxillary sinuses and evaluate them as etiological agents of chronic disease. We performed MLST analysis, the complex analysis of both phenotypic and genetic virulence factors, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and biofilm formation assay for the detection of biofilm-associated genes. Altogether, S. lugdunensis strains were clustered into eight different STs, and we demonstrated several virulence factors associated with the chronic disease. All tested strains were able to produce biofilm in vitro with numerous strains with a very strong ability, and overall, they were mostly susceptible to antibiotics, although we found resistance to fosfomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin in several strains. We believe that further in-depth analysis of S. lugdunensis strains from different niches, including the nasal one, should be performed in the future in order to reduce infection rate and broaden the knowledge about this opportunistic pathogen that is gaining attention.

  • Meandry życiowe Henryka Bajduszewskiego
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2022 Full text Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

    W artykule przedstawiono książkę Henryka Bajduszewskiego „Moje meandry życiowe”. Zawiera ona pamiętniki spisywane przez autora w czasie II wojny światowej w niemieckim wojsku we Francji oraz w wojsku polskim we Włoszech. Pamiętniki te zostały współcześnie uzupełnione o wspomnienia z czasów młodości, a także nauki i pracy po wojnie.

  • Measurement method for capacitive sensors for microcontrollers based on a phase shifter
    • Zbigniew Czaja
    2022 Full text MEASUREMENT

    A complete measurement method dedicated to capacitive sensors has been developed. It includes the development of hardware (an analogue interface circuit for microcontrollers with built-in times/counters and analogue comparators) and software (a measurement procedure and a systematic error calibration (correction) algorithm which is based on a calibration dictionary). The interface circuit consists of a low-pass filter and a phase shifter with a capacitive sensor. A prototype circuit based on a mid-range 8-bit microcontroller has been developed and investigated. We also analysed the relative inaccuracy of a measured capacitance of the sensor and performed experimental research. We obtained the relative errors of capacitance determination < 0.06%, which gives a measurement accuracy < 72 fF for the assumed range of the capacitance (100 pF – 300 pF).

  • Measurement of the Temporal and Spatial Temperature Distribution on the Surface of PVCP Tissue Phantom Illuminated by Laser Dataset
    • Anna Sękowska-Namiotko
    2022 Full text

    The dataset entitled Measurement of the temporal and spatial temperature distribution on the surface of PVCP tissue phantom illuminated by laser was obtained with a laboratory set-up for characterisation of the thermal properties of optical tissue phantoms during laser irradiation. The dataset contains a single image file representing the spatial temperature distribution on the surface of a PVCP tissue phantom. This thermal image was captured at the moment when the temperature reached its maximum value as a result of irradiation with a dermatological laser.

  • Measurements of Dispersed Phase Velocity in Two-Phase Flows in Pipelines Using Gamma-Absorption Technique and Phase of the Cross-Spectral Density Function
    • Robert Hanus
    • Marcin Zych
    • Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
    2022 Full text ENERGIES

    This paper concerns the application of the gamma radiation absorption method in the measurements of dispersed phase velocity in two-phase flows: liquid–gas flow in a horizontal pipe- line and liquid–solid particles in a vertical pipe. Radiometric sets containing two linear 241Am gamma radiation sources and two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors were used in the research. Due to the stochastic nature of the signals obtained from the scintillation probes, statistical methods were used for their analysis. The linear average velocity of the dispersed phase transportation was calcu- lated using the phase of the cross-spectral density function of the signals registered by the scintilla- tion detectors. It is shown that in the presented cases, the phase method can be more accurate than the most commonly used classical cross-correlation one.

  • Measurements of Two-phase Flows in Pipelines Using Radioisotopes and Statistical Signal Processing
    • Robert Hanus
    • Marcin Zych
    • Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
    2022 Full text

    This paper presents an application of radiotracers and gamma absorption method in two-phase flow measurements in pipelines. Two different methods were implemented to analysis of acquired signals. Investigated methods are based on the cross-correlation function and the phase of the cross-spectral density distribution. The examples presented in the article illustrate the application of the radioisotopes to evaluation of liquid-gas flow in a horizontal pipe and liquid-solid particles flow in a vertical pipe.

  • Mechanical and physical assessment of epoxy, mineral, solvent-based, and water-soluble coating materials
    • Ginneth Millan Ramirez
    • Hubert Byliński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2022 Full text Scientific Reports

    This paper assesses the behavior of mineral, epoxy (EP), solvent, and water-soluble coatings when exposed to salt and regular water for 28 days. Also, it evaluates the pull-off adhesion strength of the same coating materials applied to concrete slabs saturated with oil and water and dried with two different processes: air-dried for 28 days and air-dried for 14 days plus 14 days in the oven at 70 °C. Properties such as carbonation, water absorption rate, pull-off adhesion strength were evaluated for all coatings, and tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation percentage were calculated for mineral coatings. According to the results, the EP coating showed the best performance with the highest pull-off adhesion strength (2.55 MPa) and lowest absorption rate, about 0.02 ± 0.002 g/m2 day in saltwater and 0.03 ± 0.002 g/m2 day in regular water. In addition, EP coatings also presented the lowest carbonation rate and the highest suppress ratio. The excellent performance of epoxy coatings is mainly due to their low porosity and the ability to decrease chloride diffusion, making them better than other types of coatings investigated in this study.

  • Mechanical Behavior of Plastic Strips-Reinforced Expansive Soils Stabilized with Waste Marble Dust
    • Shelema Amena
    • Worku Firomsa Kabeta
    2022 Full text Advances in Civil Engineering

    Expansive soil needs to undergo treatment to be used as safe foundation soil for roads and buildings. From an environmental conservation and economical point of view, the usage of agricultural and industrial wastes is the best option. In this study, the effects of utilizing plastic waste and marble waste dust on the engineering properties of expansive soils were examined. Various laboratory tests were carried out on sampled expansive soil by adding 10, 15, and 20% of marble and 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% of 5 × 8 mm² plastic strips. The laboratory test results showed that there are good enhancements on strength parameters due to the addition of marble dust and plastic strips. With an increase in percentages of marble dust and plastic strips, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values rise. With the addition of marble dust, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values increase linearly, while they increase only up to 0.5% with the addition of plastic strips. As the proportions of marble dust and plastic strips increase, the soil’s free swell and CBR swell are decreased significantly. This shows that environmental pollution waste marble dust and plastic strips can be utilized to strengthen the weak subgrade soil and minimize its swelling properties. Therefore, this study found out that the expansive soil treated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic and marble dust can be used as a subgrade material since it fulfills the minimum requirement needed by standards.

  • Mechanical Properties of Human Stomach Tissue
    • Szymon Grymek
    2022 Full text

    The dataset entitled Determination of mechanical properties of human stomach tissues subjected to uniaxial stretching contains: the length of the sample as a function of the corresponding load (tensile force) and the initial values of the average width and average thickness of the sample. All tests were conducted in a self-developed tensile test machine: PG TissueTester. The dataset allows the coefficients of various models of incompressible and nearly incompressible hyperelastic materials used to model human tissues to be determined.

  • Mechanism of hopping conduction in Be–Fe–Al–Te–O semiconducting glasses and glass–ceramics
    • Natalia Wójcik
    • Nagia S. Tagiara
    • Doris Möncke
    • Efstratios Kamitsos
    • Sharafat Ali
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Ryszard Barczyński
    2022 Full text JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE

    Electrical properties of beryllium-alumino-tellurite glasses and glass–ceramics doped with iron ions were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity was measured over a wide frequency range from 10 mHz to 1 MHz and the temperature range from 213 to 473 K. The D.C. conductivity values showed a correlation with the Fe-ion concentration and ratio of iron ions on different valence states in the samples. On the basis of Jonscher universal dielectric response the temperature dependence of conductivity parameters were determined and compared to theoretical models collected by Elliott. In glasses, the conduction process was found to be due to the overlap polaron tunneling while in glass–ceramics the quantum mechanical tunneling between semiconducting crystallites of iron oxides is proposed. The D.C. conductivity was found not to follow Arrhenius relation. The Schnakenberg model was used to analyze the conductivity behavior and the polaron hopping energy and disorder energy were estimated. Additionally, the correlation between alumina dissolution and basicity of the melts was observed.