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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2023

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  • CO2 Separation Using Supported Deep Eutectic Liquid Membranes Based on 1,2-propanediol
    • Bartosz Nowosielski
    • Dorota Warmińska
    • Iwona Cichowska-Kopczyńska
    2023 Full text ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    In this work, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of choline chloride, acetylcholine chloride or tetrabutylammonium chloride, and 1,2-propanediol were used as a liquid phase for polypropylene-based supported liquid membranes (SLMs) and evaluated for the separation of carbon dioxide from CO2/N2 mixtures. Fourier transform infrared spectra were obtained to confirm DES formation, and the thermal stability of solvents was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The physicochemical properties of DESs and carbon dioxide solubility were determined in a temperature range of 293.15–313.15 K. The effects of the hydrogen bond acceptor structure and the acceptor/donor molar ratio in regard to properties and CO2 separation potential were discussed. The permeability of CO2 and N2 in DES-based SLMs was determined, and the ideal CO2/N2 selectivity was calculated. The gas permeation results of the 1,2-propanediol-based DES-based supported liquid membranes showed that the permeability of CO2 varied from 86 to 152 barrers in 293.15 K. Similarly, the ideal CO2/N2 selectivity varied from 21 to 30. The performance of DES–SLMs was compared with the competing imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid membranes and proved DES–SLMs as a promising alternative considering their green potential and comparable gas separation performance.

  • Coda wave interferometry in monitoring the fracture process of concrete beams under bending test
    • Magdalena Knak
    • Erwin Wojtczak
    • Magdalena Rucka
    2023 Full text Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences

    Early detection of damage is necessary for the safe and reliable use of civil engineering structures made of concrete. Recently, the identification of micro-cracks in concrete has become an area of growing interest, especially using wave-based techniques. In this paper, a non-destructive testing approach for the characterization of the fracture process was presented. Experimental tests were made on concrete beams subjected to mechanical degradation in a 3-point bending test. The ultrasonic waves were registered on a specimen surface by piezoelectric transducers located at several points. Then, the signals were processed taking advantage of the wave scattering due to micro-cracks disturbances. For early-stage damage detection, coda wave interferometry was used. The novelty of the work concerns the application of the complex decorrelation matrix and the moving reference trace approach for better distinguishment of sensors located at different parts of a crack zone. To enhance coda wave-based damage identification results, optical imaging of crack development was performed by digital image correlation measurement. Obtained results showed that the coda wave interferometry technique can be successfully used as a quantitative measure of changes in the structure of concrete. The results also indicated that the course of decorrelation coefficient curves enabled the identification of three stages during degradation and it depended on the location of acquisition points regarding the crack zone.

  • Codesigned Digital Tools for Social Engagement in Climate Change Mitigation
    • Hanna Obracht-prondzyńska
    • Helena Anacka
    • Kacper Radziszewski
    • Ewa Duda
    • Magdalena Walnik
    • Kacper Wereszko
    • Hanne Cecilie
    2023 Sustainability

    Digital technologies and economies can strengthen participative processes and data- and knowledge-based sustainable urban development. It can also accelerate social integration and the efforts of urban dwellers towards more resilient urban environments. Gap: Most of the tools that strengthen participatory processes were not cocreated with stakeholders. Research shows that codesigned platforms driven by new technological advances and the development of collaborative sharing economy concepts can increase climate change awareness. Still, the rise of participatory innovation technologies does not focus on enabling social engagement in climate change mitigation. Therefore, this paper addresses a research question: can a codesigned community currency stimulate bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation, and what is needed for such tools to succeed with the implementation of climate-responsive policies? The aim was to introduce an approach allowing us to codesign an application to encourage pro-environmental behaviors. Hence, the approach of this research was to define the concept of such a tool as a part of a cocreation process with stakeholders in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral environment. Method: It uses design thinking enriched with case studies evaluation, workshops, UX design, low fidelity, SUS, and testbeds. Findings and value: The authors introduce the Greencoin concept and argue that the codesigned digital currency operating based on an educational application has the potential to strengthen social engagement in climate change mitigation. Beneficiaries and practical implementation: Such a tool can increase climate awareness by supporting social integration and bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation. It can therefore be used by local communities to strengthen their climate-responsive efforts.

  • Cognitive motivations and foundations for building intelligent decision-making systems
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    • Michał Czubenko
    2023 Full text ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW

    Concepts based on psychology fit well with current research trends related to robotics and artificial intelligence. Biology-inspired cognitive architectures are extremely useful in building agents and robots, and this is one of the most important challenges of modern science. Therefore, the widely viewed and far-reaching goal of systems research and engineering is virtual agents and autonomous robots that mimic human behavior in solving known and unknown problems. The article proposes, at a high level of generality, an operational cybernetic model of the human mind, developed with the use of carefully selected ideas taken from psychological knowledge. In particular, the work combines extensive knowledge drawn from both the theory of developmental cognitive psychology and the theory of motivation. The proposed mathematically developed operating blocks create a coherent and functional decision-making system containing all the elements necessary in autonomous robotics. The ISD system is under development. There is still a long way to go to full validation. However, as shown in several articles, the basic subsystems of the ISD system, i.e. motivational and emotional, have already been positively verified in operation. The overall purpose of this article is to show a blueprint of the overall concept of the entire ISD.

  • Collision Risk-Informed Weather Routing for Sailboats
    • Marcin Życzkowski
    • Rafał Szłapczyński
    2023 RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY

    Selected COLREG rules, good seamanship and sheer common sense indicate that it is in a sailboat's interest to follow collision-free routes without relying on large power-driven ships to give way. Until now, however, no method has integrated a sailboat's weather routing with collision risk monitoring and collision avoidance. Therefore, a new deterministic approach to combine the above features within one method is introduced here. The proposed method is based on Dijkstra's algorithm, where edges may be temporarily removed due to the presence of other ships. This paper presents a design of the main weather routing algorithm and the collision risk monitoring part, which applies an elliptic domain generated automatically around the target and dependent on the target's length. The method has been implemented and tested in a series of computer simulations. The results are provided and discussed here. They confirm the method's effectiveness in terms of determining collision-risk-free routes, as well as its acceptable computational time. They also show how the latter can be shortened at the cost of obtaining suboptimal routes. Finally, they emphasize the importance of considering successive weather forecasts, risk monitoring and route updates.

  • Collision Strengths of Astrophysical Interest for Multiply Charged Ions
    • Stephan Fritzsche
    • Li-Guang Jiao
    • Yauan-Cheng Wang
    • Józef Sienkiewicz
    2023 Full text Atoms

    The electron impact excitation and ionization processes are crucial for modeling the spectra of different astrophysical objects, from atmospheres of late-type stars to remnants of supernovae and up to the light emission from neutron star mergers, to name just a few. Despite their signifi- cance, however, little is known quantitatively about these processes for low- and medium-impact energies of, say, Ekin . 5000 eV of the free incident electron. To further explore the role of impact excitation, we here expanded JAC, the Jena Atomic Calculator, to the computation of distorted wave collision strengths for fine-structure-resolved, as well as configuration-averaged transitions. While we excluded the formation of dielectronic resonances, these tools can be readily applied for ions with a complex shell structure and by including the major relativistic contributions to these strengths. Detailed computations of the collision strengths are shown and explained for the impact excitation of lithium- and chlorine-like ions. When compared with other, well-correlated methods, good agreement was found, and hence, these tools will support studies of effective collision strengths for a wide range of electron impact energies, levels, and ionic charge states.

  • COLOUR SYMBOLISM IN FINANCE
    • Błażej Prusak
    • Muhammad Mushafiq
    2023 Full text Financial Internet Quarterly

    Colour symbolism plays an important role in everyday life and science. The subject is interdisciplinary and receives significant attention in the literature. It is increasingly entering the field of economics and finance. The authors are the first to research the connotations and symbolism of colours in finance. The following research aims to: identify and determine the meaning of col-ours in connection with the word “finance”, determine the popularity of the use of particular colours in relation to the word “finance”, and identify the most popular subject areas in the literature related to the most commonly used colour in finance. Bibliometric and textual analyses were adopted as research methods. The main research conclusions are as follows. Of the 14 col-ours examined, only green, blue, brown, black and white showed connotations accurately portrayed in the text. Apart from the colour black, the symbolism is universal and unambiguous. For black, the symbolism is twofold, with one of the meanings going back to historical times. The dominant colour is green. The main research areas pursued under “green finance” include in-vesting in and financing environmentally friendly projects (including various types of technology), developing financial instruments to support environmentally friendly activities and supporting clean energy projects.

  • Combination of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction and analysis of ochratoxin A in dried fruit samples: Central composite design optimization
    • Adil Elik
    • Özlem Ablak
    • Hameed Haq
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Nail Altunay
    2023 JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

    This paper presents a new analytical procedure based on combination of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HLLE) and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-DLLME) for the accurate and reliable determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in dried fruit samples. To enable selective extraction of the OTA, six hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (hDESs) were prepared and tested as extraction solvents. Optimization of DES volume, pH, NaCl amount, and mixing time affecting the efficiency of VA-DES-DLLME step was achieved by central composite design (CCD). Using optimized conditions, the working range was obtained in the range 0.4–350 ng mL−1 with an enrichment factor of 138. The limit of detection was 0.12 ng mL−1. To evaluate the accuracy of the method, the samples were analyzed with both the HLLE-VA-DES-DLLME procedure and reference method. The precision of the method was investigated by intraday/interday studies. The robustness of the method was also evaluated by making minor changes to the optimized conditions. The HLLE-VA-DES-DLLME procedure was successfully applied to dried fruit samples and quantitative recoveries were obtained (92.1–99.2%) confirming its usefulness for implementation in routine analysis of food samples.

  • Combination of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry for 3D modelling and degradation assessment of heritage building based on a lighting analysis: case study—St. Adalbert Church in Gdansk, Poland
    • Paweł Tysiąc
    • Anna Sieńska
    • Marta Tarnowska
    • Piotr Kędziorski
    • Marcin Jagoda
    2023 Full text Heritage Science

    The construction of the St. Adalbert Church in Gdansk dates to 1310. It is a church of rich history and great historical value, and its care is challenging. In this study, the combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to accurately build a 3D model of the church. Together with the collected historical inventory documentation, the historic building information model (HBIM) was generated. The AutodeskRevit® tool was used for this purpose. On the basis of the generated model, the reflection properties of the laser scanner beam and red–green–blue (RGB) images, a methodology was proposed for analysing the degradation of the church’s components. The main hypothesis of this study is based on the analysis of sunlight outside the church. In addition to the importance of the method for determining the risks of church degradation, a high-quality method for model visualization combining two photogrammetric techniques (TLS + UAV) is presented.

  • Combining MUSHRA Test and Fuzzy Logic in the Evaluation of Benefits of Using Hearing Prostheses
    • Piotr Szymański
    • Tomasz Poremski
    • Bożena Kostek
    2023 Full text Electronics

    Assessing the effectiveness of hearing aid fittings based on the benefits they provide is crucial but intricate. While objective metrics of hearing aids like gain, frequency response, and distortion are measurable, they do not directly indicate user benefits. Hearing aid performance assessment encompasses various aspects, such as compensating for hearing loss and user satisfaction. The authors suggest enhancing the widely used APHAB (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit) questionnaire by integrating it with the MUSHRA test. APHAB, a self-completed questionnaire for users, evaluates specific sound scenarios on a seven-point scale, with each point described by a letter, percentage, and description. Given the complexities, especially for older users, we propose converting the seven-point APHAB scale to a clearer 100-point MUSHRA scale using fuzzy logic rules. The paper starts with presenting the goals of the study, focused on the assessment of the benefits of hearing aid use, especially in the case of the elderly population. The introductory part includes an overview of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing aid use. Then, the methodology for the data collection is presented. This is followed by a method modification that combines the MUSHRA (MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor) test and fuzzy logic processing and the commonly used hearing aid benefit assessment questionnaire, APHAB (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit). The results of such a process are examined. A summary of the findings is given in the form of fuzzy logic-based rules, followed by a short discussion. Finally, the overall conclusion and possible future directions for the method development are presented.

  • COMMENTS ON EXISTING ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE WAVE-INDUCED CYCLIC RESPONSE OF A POROUS SEABED OF INFINITE THICKNESS
    • Waldemar Magda
    2023 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    This paper deals with the wave-induced cyclic response of a porous seabed (by means of oscillating parameters: pore-fluid pressure, soil displacement components, effective normal stress and shear stress components) due to a surface sinusoidal water-wave propagating over a seabed of infinite thickness. The main existing analytical solutions to the governing problem are critically discussed, pointing out their meaningful errors and doubtful items. A phase-lag phenomena is particularly studied as an immanent part of any complex-valued analytical solutions having a cyclic nature.

  • Compact global association based adaptive routing framework for personnel behavior understanding
    • Lei Shi
    • Yimin Zhou
    • Juan Wang
    • Zuli Wang
    • Ding Chen
    • Haifeng Zhao
    • Wankou Yang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2023 Future Generation Computer Systems-The International Journal of Grid Computing-Theory Methods and Applications

    Personnel behavior understanding under complex scenarios is a challenging task for computer vision. This paper proposes a novel Compact model, which we refer to as CGARPN that incorporates with Global Association relevance and Adaptive Routing Pose estimation Network. Our framework firstly introduces CGAN backbone to facilitate the feature representation by compressing the kernel parameter space compared with typical algorithms, effectively lowering the calculation capacity and consumption. The framework integrates the Global Association information between keypoints, and learns the correlation between high-dimensional feature parameters. ARPN introduced by our structure is established to sufficiently excavate the resembling properties of outcome concealed in the network, adaptively achieving remarkable performance by selecting compatible paths for optimization. Meanwhile, Parametric Content Similarity NMS (PCSNMS) is developed where detailed information on proposal boxes is associated. Comparative experiments (datasets on FLIC, MPII, etc.) with CNN-based counterparts have empirically demonstrated the effectiveness and competitiveness of the model in perspective of accuracy, memory consumption, and computation perplexity. Our model contributes to an efficient and feasible framework of human behavior apprehension.

  • Compact Quasi-Elliptic-Type Inline Waveguide Bandpass Filters With Nonlinear Frequency-Variant Couplings
    • Muhammad Yameen Sandhu
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    This work presents the design techniques to synthesize a class of compact inline quasi-elliptic-type waveguide cavity bandpass filters based on novel nonlinear frequency-variant couplings (NFVCs). These highly dispersive frequency-variant couplings (FVCs) are realized by means of a pair of partial-height posts that are placed at the junctions between every two cavity resonators. Each NFVC produces a transmission pole in between a pair of independently adjustable transmission zeros (TZs). Although the pole is added to the overall filtering function to augment its order, the TZs can be placed at each side of the filter passband to attain sharp rejection capability and increase the stopband attenuation levels. To synthesize these filters, two coupling-routing-diagram (CRD) approaches for the NFVC are presented that either consider: 1) an arbitrary FVC (AFVC) or 2) two resonating nodes interacting with a zero-susceptance nonresonating node through constant inverters. An equivalent lumped-element circuit model associated with both CRD approaches is provided. It is demonstrated that both CRD models can be exploited for the theoretical synthesis of this type of filter, whereas the equivalent lumped-element circuit model can provide a deeper insight into the systematic dimensioning of the posts. For experimental validation purposes, three design examples are synthesized, and 10-GHz proof-of-concept filter prototypes of two of them are EM-simulated, fabricated, and characterized. The measured results agree well with the simulations and the design theory, thus verifying the concept of inline waveguide cavity filters with TZs using NFVCs.

  • Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Variations, Antioxidant Profiles and Antimicrobial Activity of Salvia hispanica (Chia) Seed, Sprout, Leaf, Flower, Root and Herb Extracts
    • Sara Motyka
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    • Halina Ekiert
    • Izabela Korona-Głowniak
    • Agnieszka Szopa
    2023 Full text MOLECULES

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profiles of the seeds, sprouts, leaves, flowers, roots and herb of Salvia hispanica and to demonstrate their significant contribution to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Applied methods were: HPLC-DAD coupled with post-column derivatization with ABTS reagent, untargeted metabolomics performed by LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and two-fold micro-dilution broth method, which involved suspending a solution of tested compounds dissolved in DMSO in Mueller–Hinton broth for bacteria or Mueller–Hinton broth with 2% glucose for fungi. Metabolomic profiling using LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS used in this study yielded the identification and preliminary characterization of one hundred fifteen compounds. The dominant class of compounds was terpenoids (31 compounds), followed by flavonoids (21 compounds), phenolic acids and derivatives (19 compounds), organic acids (16 compounds) and others (fatty acids, sugars and unidentified compounds). The organic and phenolic acids were the most abundant classes in terms of total peak area, with distribution depending on the plant raw materials obtained from S. hispanica. The main compound among this class for all types of extracts was rosmarinic acid which was proven to be the most abundant for antioxidant potential. All tested extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial and antifungal activity. The strongest bioactivity was found in leaf extracts, which presented bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, M. luteus and E. faecalis). The work represents the first compendium of knowledge comparing different S. hispanica plant raw materials in terms of the profile of biologically active metabolites and their contribution to antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity.

  • Comparative analysis of numerical with optical soliton solutions of stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation in dispersive media
    • Muhammad Zafarullah Baber
    • Nauman Ahmed
    • Muhammad Waqas Yasin
    • Muhammad Sajid Iqbal
    • Ali Akgül
    • Muhammad Riaz
    • Muhammad Rafiq
    • Ali Raza
    2023 Full text Results in Physics

    This article deals with the stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation (SGPE) perturbed with multiplicative time noise. The numerical solutions of the governing model are carried out with the proposed stochastic non-standard finite difference (SNSFD) scheme. The stability of the scheme is proved by using the Von-Neumann criteria and the consistency is shown in the mean square sense. To seek exact solutions, we applied the Sardar subequation (SSE) and modified exponential rational functional (MERF) techniques. The exact solutions are constructed in the form of exponential, hyperbolic, and trigonometric forms. Finally, the comparison of the exact solutions with numerical solutions is drawn in the 3D and line plots for the different values of parameters.

  • Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
    • Galina Demidova
    • Y.d. Derbikov
    • F.s. Petrikov
    • D.v. Lukichev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • A. Anuchin
    2023 Full text Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

    Предмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе, в электроприводе нефтегазовых буровых установок и других направлениях. Вентильно-индукторная электрическая машина, несмотря на свои явные преимущества, является существенно нелинейным объектом, методы управления которым требуют формализации и группировки. Метод. Рассмотрены конструктивные и функциональные особенности вентильно-индукторных электрических машин, а также показаны основные методы их управления. Выполнен сравнительный анализ наиболее известных способов управления. Основные результаты. Приведены основные классические методы управления вентильно-индукторной электрической машиной: применение релейного регулятора тока с ограничением, метод регулирования углов включения/выключения и управление напряжением звена постоянного тока. Продемонстрированы переходные процессы в системе электропривода при использовании рассматриваемых методов. Показано, что путем регулирования углов включения/выключения получена возможность снижения коэффициента осцилляции вращающего момента. Практическая значимость. Выявленные особенности рассмотренных методов позволяют упростить и сократить время разработки эффективной системы управления вентильно-индукторной электрической машиной, а также уменьшить пульсации вращающего момента.

  • Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
    • Galina Demidova
    • Y.d. Derbikov
    • F.s. Petrikov
    • D.v. Lukichev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • A. Anuchin
    2023 Full text Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

    Предмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе, в электроприводе нефтегазовых буровых установок и других направлениях. Вентильно-индукторная электрическая машина, несмотря на свои явные преимущества, является существенно нелинейным объектом, методы управления которым требуют формализации и группировки. Метод.Рассмотрены конструктивные и функциональные особенности вентильно-индукторных электрических машин, а также показаны основные методы их управления. Выполнен сравнительный анализ наиболее известных способов управления. Основные результаты. Приведены основные классические методы управления вентильно-индукторной электрической машиной: применение релейного регулятора тока с ограничением, метод регулирования углов включения/выключения и управление напряжением звена постоянного тока. Продемонстрированы переходные процессы в системе электропривода при использовании рассматриваемых методов. Показано, что путем регулирования углов включения/выключения получена возможность снижения коэффициента осцилляции вращающего момента. Практическая значимость. Выявленные особенности рассмотренных методов позволяют упростить и сократить время разработки эффективной системы управления вентильно-индукторной электрической машиной, а также уменьшить пульсации вращающего момента

  • Comparative Analysis of the Cofee and Cocoa Industry By‑Products on the Performance of Polyethylene‑Based Composites
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Olga Mysiukiewicz
    2023 Full text Waste and Biomass Valorization

    The application of plant-based by-products from the food industry as minimally processed functional fillers for polymeric composites is an increasingly popular trend among researchers and manufacturers. While minimizing the preprocessing of lignocellulosic fillers leads to an increase in the sustainability of the overall composite and a decrease of the carbon footprint, filler modification is usually indispensable to obtaining sufficient mechanical and thermomechanical properties of a composite. The goal of the presented study was a comprehensive analysis of the structure, mechanical and thermal performance of polyethylene-based (PE) composites with spent coffee grounds (FK) and cocoa husks (KK). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed the antioxidant activity of both fillers, extending the oxidation induction time by 100% (54 min) compared to pure PE (20 min). Composites with up to 5 wt% of the filler were characterized by low porosity (0.5%) and revealed tensile strength of about 20 MPa, which is comparable with the results of unmodified PE. However, the materials' ductility was affected, reducing elongation at break and tensile toughness by two orders of magnitude. In order to quantify changes in adhesion at the interface, a comprehensive analysis of thermomechanical parameters based on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was carried out, including the assessment of interactions on the interface of the composite caused by the increase in free volume inside composites' structure.

  • Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used in Photogrammetric Surveys
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Szymon Widźgowski
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Cezary Specht
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    2023 Full text TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

    There are many manufacturers on the market offering various types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The multitude of drones available on the market means that the choice of a UAV for a specific application appears to be a decision problem to be solved. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of drones used in photogrammetric surveys. The criteria for evaluating the UAVs were: availability and product support, payload (min. 5 kg), price (PLN 100,000), as well as space available for measurement modules. These are the requirements that must be met for the implementation of the INNOBAT project, the aim of which is to develop an integrated system using autonomous unmanned aerial and surface vehicles, intended for bathymetric monitoring in the coastal zone. The comparative analysis of drones was based on 27 companies producing UAV. Based on the analysis, 6 drones that met the project requirements were selected. They were: Aurelia X6 Pro, Aurelia X8 Standard LE, DroneHexa AG, FOX‐C8 XT, Hercules 10 and Zoe X4. Selected UAVs differ from each other, among others, in the number of rotors, flight duration and resistance to weather conditions. Individual characteristics of drones may have a different rank depending on their application, therefore the selection of UAVs should be made after prioritisation criteria of a given project.

  • Comparative study of a combined heat and power plant retrofitted by CO2 capture during the combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification versus zero-emission combustion of hydrogen produced using renewables
    • Kacper Bąk
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Jacek Frost
    • Marta Drosińska-Komor
    2023 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    With ecological requirements aimed at limiting the production of CO2, it is necessary to produce all, or most of the energy from RES. During the transformation process, ecological and highly efficient combustion power plants will be needed. The classic cycle of combined heat and power (CCGT) with green improvements will continue to be one of the most suitable technologies for this task. This article presents the modernization of the CCGT power plant in Zielona Gora in terms of possible solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and cooperation with RES producing hydrogen. Two variants of retrofit were considered: CO2 capture following the combustion of syngas obtained from gasification of sewage sludge, and emission-free hydrogen combustion in a gas turbine. Calculations were made using numerical modelling and the obtained results were validated. Avoided CO2 emissions for both solutions are shown. The proposed upgrades were compared with the basic variant and other gaseous fuels.