2023 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2023

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Introduction to the ONDM 2022 special issue
- Jarosław Turkiewicz
- Teresa Gomes
- Mirosław Klinkowski
- Jacek Rak
- Massimo Tornatore
2023 Full text Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
This JOCN special issue contains extended versions of selected papers presented at the 26th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM 2022), which took place 16–19 May 2022 at Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. The topics covered by the papers represent trends in optical networking research: application of machine learning to network management, cross-layer network performance optimization, visible light communication as well as coherent metro networks.
Invariant Measures for Uncountable Random Interval Homeomorphisms
- Tomasz Szarek
- Janusz Morawiec
2023 Full text Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems
A necessary and sufficient condition for the iterated function system { f (·, ω) | ω ∈ } with probability P to have exactly one invariant measure μ∗ with μ∗((0, 1)) = 1 is given. The main novelty lies in the fact that we only require the transformations f (·, ω) to be increasing homeomorphims, without any smoothness condition, nei- ther we impose conditions on the cardinality of . In particular, positive Lyapunov exponents conditions are replaced with the existence of solutions to some functional inequalities. The stability and strong law of large numbers of the considered system are also proven.
Investigating the disease- modifying properties of sclerotiorin in Alzheimer's therapy using acetylcholinesterase inhibition
- Aravind Ayyolath
- Anoop Kallingal
- Varun Thachan Kundil
- Akshay Maniyeri Suresh
- Jayadevi Variyar E.
2023 Chemical Biology & Drug Design
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused due to the damage and loss of neurons in specific brain regions. It is the most common form of dementia observed in older people. The symptoms start with memory loss and gradually cause the inability to speak and do day-to-day activities. The cost of caring for those affected individuals is huge and is probably beyond most developing countries capability. Current pharmacotherapy for AD includes compounds that aim to increase neurotransmitters at nerve endings. This can be achieved by cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibition of the cholinesterase enzyme. The current research aims to find natural substances that can be used as drugs to treat AD. The present work identifies and explains compounds with considerable Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. The pigment was extracted from the Penicillium mallochii ARA1 (MT373688.1) strain using ethyl acetate, and the active compound was identified using chromatographic techniques followed by structural confirmation with NMR. AChE inhibition experiments, enzyme kinetics, and molecular dynamics simulation studies were done to explain the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties. We identified that the compound sclerotiorin in the pigment has AChE inhibitory activity. The compound is stable and can bind to the enzyme non-competitively. Sclerotiorin obeys all the drug-likeliness parameters and can be developed as a promising drug in treating AD.
Investigating the Effects of Geometrical Parameters of Re-Entrant Cells of Aluminum 7075-T651 Auxetic Structures on Fatigue Life
- Amir Ghiasvand
- Alireza Fayazi Khanigi
- John W. Grimaldo Guerrero
- Hamed Aghajani Derazkola
- Jacek Tomków
- Anna Janeczek
- Adrian Wolski
2023 Full text Coatings
In this study, the effects of two geometrical parameters of the re-entrant auxetic cells, namely, internal cell angle (θ) and H/L ratio in which H is the cell height, and L is the cell length, have been studied on the variations of Poisson’s ratio and fatigue life of Aluminum 7075-T6 auxetic structures. Five different values of both the H/L ratio and angle θ were selected. Numerical simulations and fatigue life predictions have been conducted through the use of ABAQUS (version 2022) and MSC Fatigue (version 11.0) software. Results revealed that increases in both the H/L ratio and angle θ improved the average value of Poisson’s ratio. Increasing the H/L ratio from 1 to 1.4 and θ from 50° to 70° increased the values of Poisson’s ratio, respectively, 7.7% and 80%. In all angles, increasing the H/L values decreased the fatigue life of the structures significantly. Furthermore, in all H/L values, an increment in θ caused a reduction in fatigue life. The effects of H/L and θ parameters on fatigue life were dominant in the low cycle fatigue regime. Results also showed that the H/L ratio parameter had greater influence as compared to the θ angle, and the structures with higher auxeticity experienced higher fatigue resistance. It was found that the auxetic property of the structure has a direct relationship with the fatigue resistance of the structure. In all samples, structures with greater auxetic property had higher fatigue resistance.
Investigation of the Efficiency of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber with a Plasma‒Chemical Element
- Serhiy Serbin
- Badri Diasamidze
- Marek Dzida
- Daifen Chen
2023 Full text Polish Maritime Research
The study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element is proposed. A continuous type mathematical model of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element has been developed, which is based on the solution of a system of differential equations describing the processes of chemical reactions in a turbulent system, taking into consideration the initiating effect of the products of plasma‒chemical reactions on the processes of flame propagation. A modified six-stage kinetic scheme of hydrocarbon oxidation was used to simultaneously predict the combustion characteristics of the gaseous and liquid fuels, taking into account the decrease in the activation energy of carbon monoxide oxidation reactions when the products of the plasma‒chemical element are added. The results reveal that the addition of plasma‒chemical products significantly reduces CO emissions in the outlet section of the flame tube (from 25‒28 ppm to 3.9‒4.6 ppm), while the emission of nitrogen oxides remains practically unchanged for the studied combustion chamber. Further research directions are proposed to enhance the working process efficiency of a dual-fuel combustion chamber for gas turbine engines as part of the power plant of FSPO vessels.
Investigation of the Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus Degradation by the Photonic Measurements
- Małgorzata Szczerska
- Monika Kosowska
- Jakub Gierowski
- Mateusz Cieślik
- Mirosław Sawczak
- Paweł Jakóbczyk
2023 Full text Advanced Materials Interfaces
Few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) is a 2D material that gains worldwide interest for its possible applications, mainly in electronics and optoelec-tronics. However, as FLBP is prone to a degradation process under envi-ronmental conditions, there is a need for a monitoring method allowing investigation of its surface quality. Among many techniques, optoelectronic ones have unique advantages of fast response, non-contact, and non-invasive operation. In this paper, a photonic method is presented for this purpose with a focus on the earliest stages of the degradation process. Measurements are performed using a fiber-optic interferometer working at the wavelength of 1310 nm. Series of material characterization measurements, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy investigations are performed to examine the FLBP using a well-established methodology. Two samples—with liquid exfoliated FLBP and with layers of supernatant—prepared in two different production processes are investigated over 3 h. A detailed presentation of the degradation process is provided. The results prove that the surface monitoring of FLBP is possible by registering optical signal changes correlated with the changes in optical parameters caused by the proceeding degradation process.
INVESTIGATION OF THE LOMBARD EFFECT BASED ON A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
- Grazina Korvel
- Povilas Treigys
- Krzysztof Kąkol
- Bożena Kostek
2023 Full text International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
The Lombard effect is an involuntary increase in the speaker’s pitch, intensity, and duration in the presence of noise. It makes it possible to communicate in noisy environments more effectively. This study aims to investigate an efficient method for detecting the Lombard effect in uttered speech. The influence of interfering noise, room type, and the gender of the person on the detection process is examined. First, acoustic parameters related to speech changes produced by the Lombard effect are extracted. Mid-term statistics are built upon the parameters and used for the self-similarity matrix construction. They constitute input data for a convolutional neural network (CNN). The self-similarity-based approach is then compared with two other methods, i.e., spectrograms used as input to the CNN and speech acoustic parameters combined with the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. The experimental investigations show the superiority of the self-similarity approach applied to Lombard effect detection over the other two methods utilized. Moreover, small standard deviation values for the self-similarity approach prove the resulting high accuracies.
Investigation of the structural and thermal properties of aluminum-rich Ca–Al–Si–O–N glasses
- Sharafat Ali
- Jacek Ryl
- Abbas Saeed Hakeem
- Katarzyna Grochowska
- Natalia Wójcik
2023 PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
In this paper, we investigate the structure and thermal properties of aluminum-rich transparent Ca–Al–Si–O–N glasses. The obtained glasses were prepared by a traditional melt-quenching technique at 1650 °C using AlN as the nitrogen source. The obtained glasses have a nAl/nSi>1 and contain up to 17 eq.% of N. The structure of the glasses was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The structure analysis shows a higher preference for Si–N bond formation relative to Al–N bond formation and aluminum is predominately present in tetrahedral coordination as AlO4 units. The thermal properties of samples were studied by differential thermal analysis and the obtained glass transition temperature ranges from 875 °C to 950 °C, and is primarily influenced by the N content. The glass stability can be correlated with both the N and Al contents in the studied glasses. It is improved due to the increased degree of network polymerization by the incorporation of nitrogen.
Investigation on Filaments for 3D Printing of Nasal Septum Cartilage Implant
- Przemysław Gnatowski
- Karolina Gwizdała
- Agnieszka Kurdyn
- Andrzej Skorek
- Ewa Augustin
- Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
2023 Full text Materials
Septoplasty is a widely used method in treating deviated septum. Although it is successfully implemented, there are problems with excessive bleeding, septal perforation, or infections. The use of anatomically shaped implants could help overcome these problems. This paper focuses on assessing the possibility of the usage of a nasal septum cartilage implant 3D printed from various market-available filaments. Five different types of laments were used, two of which claim to be suitable for medical use. A combination of modeling, mechanical (bending, compression), structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC, MFR), surface (contact angle), microscopic (optical), degradation (2 M HCl, 5 M NaOH, and 0.01 M PBS), printability, and cell viability (MTT) analyses allowed us to assess the suitability of materials for manufacturing implants. Bioflex had the most applicable properties among the tested materials, but despite the overall good performance, cell viability studies showed toxicity of the material in MTT test. The results of the study show that selected filaments were not suitable for nasal cartilage implants. The poor cell viability of Bioflex could be improved by surface modification. Further research on biocompatible elastic materials for 3D printing is needed either by the synthesis of new materials or by modifying existing ones.
Investigation on polypropylene friction stir joint: effects of tool tilt angle on heat flux, material flow and defect formation
- Fan Guangle
- Jacek Tomków
- Mahmoud E. Abdullah
- Hamed Aghajani Derazkola
2023 Full text Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
Tool tilt angle (TTA) is a critical factor that can control material flow in polymeric materials' friction stir joining (FSJ). This study selected a TTA range between 0° to 4° for FSJ of polypropylene (PP) polymer sheet. A modified computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique was implemented to gain a deep understanding of the effects of TTA during FSJ of PP. The PP joint's internal flow, defect formation, heat generation, and tensile strength were investigated experimentally. The fracture surface of tensile samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Heat generation, heat flux, and defect formation results from simulation were evaluated by experimental tests output. The results indicate that the PP flow during FSJ is susceptible to TTA. Non-uniform volumetric weight transfer was caused at higher TTA in the joint line, which leads to tilted heat flux. At higher TTA, the generated heat increases, leading to PP exit from the joint line and internal gaps. According to selected parameters, the most robust joint (66 MPa) was produced at 1° TTA. The main reason for the mechanical properties of the PP joint was a dimension of the stir zone and internal defects. Shrinkage gaps were the root of crack initiation during the tensile test, and some local stretching in the fracture surface of the tensile sample after the test was detected.
Investing in wine, precious metals and G-7 stock markets – A co-occurrence analysis for price bubbles
- Marcin Potrykus
2023 International Review of Financial Analysis
This paper used the GSADF test to determine the periods defined in this paper as price bubbles in the three markets studied, i.e. the investment wine market, precious metal market and national stock market indices of G-7 countries. The results obtained enabled the calculation of the values of the phi correlation coefficients, which served the research objective of assessing the co-occurrence of price bubbles in the markets analysed. The research period adopted in the study was December 2003 to March 2022, and the data were examined at a monthly frequency. Based on the results, it was concluded that the periods of price bubbles in the investment wine market, relative to the other investments studied, are long and amount to a maximum of 50% of the time studied. Price bubble periods for investments in the DAX index and the Rhone 100 index or the Rest of the World 60 index will lower the risk of an investment portfolio in times of greatest turbulence in these markets. In addition, the co-occurrence of price bubbles was not confirmed for the S&P500 index and the Bordeaux Legends 40 investment. Moreover, no co-occurrence of price bubbles was identified between investments in most of the wine indices studied and investments in silver and gold. However, the same phenomenon was not confirmed for platinum investments.
Ionic thermoelectric effect in Cu2-δSe during phase transition
- Bartosz Trawiński
2023 Full text JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
The ionic Seebeck coefficient was studied in copper selenide with Cu1.99Se, Cu1.95Se and Cu1.8Se stoichiometry which was synthesized with a melt crystallization method. To measure the ionic Seebeck coefficient of copper ions, 0.15C6H12N4CH3I + 0.85CuI solid-state electrolyte was prepared. Electrolyte layers were pressed with copper selenide powder into a sandwich-like structure. At the temperature of 410 K, the materials have ionic Seebeck coefficient values close to each other, about 1100 μV/K. In the case of β-phase structure (Cu1.8Se material), changes in the measured Seebeck coefficient were observed—with decreasing temperature, the ionic thermopower firstly increased reaching about 1230 μV/K and then decreased to 950 μV/K at 355 K. In the Cu1.99Se material, a phase transition to the α-phase was observed during cooling. The ionic Seebeck coefficient values gradually increased from 1030 to 1220 μV/K at 370 K, when the material is in the low-temperature phase. The measured difference between the ionic thermopower of the two phases well matches calculations based on the entropy of the transition (presence part of the Seebeck coefficient) and different activation energies of ionic transport (transport part).
Ionosphere variability I: Advances in observational, monitoring and detection capabilities
- Ioanna Tsagouri
- Anna Belehaki
- David R. Themens
- Norbert Jakowski
- Tim Fuller-Rowell
- Mainul M. Hoque
- Grzegorz Nykiel
- Wojciech J. Miloch
- Claudia Borries
- Anna Morozova
- Teresa Barata
- William Engelke
- Ja-Soon Shim
2023 ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
The paper aims to review recent advances regarding the observational and monitoring capabilities of the ionization conditions in the Earth's upper atmosphere. The analysis spans both ground and space-based experiments, seeking for new installations and/or missions, new or upgraded instrumentation and/or observational network establishments as means for advancing current understanding and prediction ability of the ionosphere variability. As a solid basis and a clear requirement for considerable advances in the field, progress towards the more efficient access to research facilities and data centres is also investigated. Giving the emphasis in the period from 2015 onwards, the ultimate goal of the present analysis is to assess present status with respect to the COSPAR/ILWS Space Weather roadmap's considerations/recommendations for 2015–2025 as input to the roadmap’s update undertaken by the ISWAT/COSPAR action.
Ionosphere variability II: Advances in theory and modeling
- Ioanna Tsagouri
- David R. Themens
- Anna Belehaki
- Ja-Soon Shim
- Mainul M. Hoque
- Grzegorz Nykiel
- Claudia Borries
- Anna Morozova
- Teresa Barata
- Wojciech J. Miloch
2023 ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
This paper aims to provide an overview on recent advances in ionospheric modeling capabilities, with the emphasis in the efforts relevant to electron density variability. The discussion spans a wide range of model formulations (e.g., from purely empirical to physics-based ones and data-driven approaches) seeking for advances or gaps with regard to present challenges. This discussion is further supported by consideration of the models' assessment and accessibility, as well as scientific advances that may drive further improvements in our modeling capabilities. Giving the emphasis in the period from 2015 onwards, the ultimate goal of the present analysis is to comment on progress with respect to the COSPAR/ILWS Space Weather roadmap's considerations/recommendations for 2015–2025 as input to the roadmap’s update undertaken by the ISWAT/COSPAR action.
IRREGULARITIES IN UNIVERSITY PROCESSES CONCERNING THE LEAN MANAGEMENT TYPOLOGY. THE PILOT STUDY RESULTS
- Piotr Grudowski
- Małgorzata Wiśniewska
2023 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Purpose: Identify the attitudes regarding key irregularities in university activities of universities referring to muda, mura, and muri from the perspective of two groups of stakeholders - academic teachers and administration/service personnel. Study design/methodology/approach: A pilot quantitative study using a questionnaire containing 48 statements regarding six categories of irregularities assessed according to the 5-point Likert scale. We asked two research questions: Q1. Is the questionnaire used in the study reliable for assessing attitudes regarding irregularities that occur in connection with work at the university? Q2. Which categories of irregularities most often accompany work at the university, and how is their nuisance assessed? Findings: The reliability of the research tool was statistically confirmed. Respondents represent an attitude close to indifference regarding the perception of most categories of irregularities. The most often indicated by both groups of respondents is "Unused creativity of employees.” Respondents consider all types a "nuisance" to a greater than moderate degree. Originality/value: We propose an original tool to assess irregularities in higher education institutions and apply it in the Polish and possibly international environment. These studies constitute an initial stage of the planned in-depth original research aimed at using the classification of irregularities/losses in surveys of the opinions of all higher education stakeholders (e.g., students, employers), indicating the critical causes of problems and directions of improvement activities.
Is it possible to create a unified urban greenery management system (UGMS) on a national scale? The concept for EU Member State of Poland
- Agnieszka Dawidowicz
- Marcin Kulawiak
- Marek Ogryzek
2023 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
Motives: Currently developed urban greenery management systems (UGMS) are limited in scope and profiled towards solving particular issues. Moreover, due to the lack of common standards and solutions, UGMS implementation requires considerable financial effort, which is only feasible for wealthy urban centres. There is a need for universal, cost-effective technological solutions which could constitute a common urban green infrastructure at all country administrative levels. Aim: This research aims to present a technological architecture of a universal UGMS capable of data integration and analysis at both local and central administrative levels, and present its prospective data management functionality through a proof-of-concept implementation by the example of Olsztyn city, located in the EU Member State of Poland. Methods: Empirical study has been conducted by means of qualitative assessment through state-of-the-art analysis of green information systems, national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI) including land administration system (called Integrated Real Estate Information System) and Geoportal, development and testing of a proof-of-concept solution through management, analysis and visualizations of green areas, objects and related phenomena; quantitative assessment has been performed through in-situ inventory of urban greenery in the City of Olsztyn, Poland. Results: The presented study resulted in a concept UGMS architecture based on existing NSDI. The projected functionality of the designed UGMS has been implemented and tested on a real-world urban greenery database. The research thesis, that open databases integrated with national SDI data are sufficient to create a uniform and complete nationwide UGMS was confirmed.
Is mesh fixation necessary in laparoendoscopic techniques for M3 inguinal defects? An experimental study.
- Mateusz Zamkowski
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Izabela Lubowiecka
- Krzysztof Karbowski
- Maciej Śmietanski
2023 SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
repairs, in case of large direct hernias (M3) mesh fixation is recommended to reduce recurrence risk. Despite lack of highquality evidence, the recommendation was upgraded to strong by expert panel. The authors conducted a research experiment to verify the hypothesis that it is possible to preserve the mesh in the operating field in large direct hernias (M3) without the need to use fixing materials. Method The authors conducted an experiment with scientists from Universities of Technology in a model that reflects the conditions in the groin area. By simulating conditions of the highest possible intra-abdominal pressure, they examined the mesh behavior within the groin and its ability to dislocate under the forces generated by this pressure. The experiment involved six spatial implants and one flat macroporous mesh. Results Heavyweight spatial meshes and lightweight spatial-individualized meshes showed no tendency to dislocate or move directly to the orifice, which was considered a rapid hernia recurrence. Lightweight meshes, both spatial and flat, underwent significant migration and shifting toward the hernial orifices. Conclusion Based on the results, we believe that mesh fixation is not the only alternative to preventing recurrence in complex defects. Similar effects can be achieved using a larger, more rigid, and anatomically fitted implant. The type of implant (rather than its fixation) seems to be a key factor from the point of view of mechanics and biophysics. Clinical trials confirming the results in vivo will allow to supplement or amend the guidelines for the treatment of large inguinal hernias.
Isolation of Citrus lemon extracellular vesicles: Development and process control using capillary electrophoresis
- Aleksandra Steć
- Martyna Chodkowska
- Joanna Kasprzyk-Pochopień
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Bogdan Lewczuk
- Agata Płoska
- Leszek Kalinowski
- Bartosz Wielgomas
- Szymon Dziomba
2023 FOOD CHEMISTRY
A new and scalable method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) from Citrus lemon juice samples was developed. The methodology included preliminary preconcentration of the sample using ultraﬁltration (UF) followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) puriﬁcation and ﬁnal preconcentration of the eluates. Transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis showed that isolates contained exosome-like vesicles, exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), and microvesicles. The efﬁciency of certain isolation steps was evaluated with total protein content assay (bicinchoninic acid assay, BCA), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A good correlation between CE, BCA, and NTA results was shown. The application of CE enabled the detection of soluble contaminants, macromolecular aggregates, and vesicles’ heterogeneity. The ﬂuorescent staining of encapsulated nucleic acids was proposed for the identity conﬁrmation of EV detected in CE. The study demonstrates the CE as a comprehensive tool for monitoring of the EV isolation process.
"istota zamieszkiwania: refleksje wpasowane [bio]morficznie. DWA PARKI | DWA ŚWIATY"
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2023
Myśląc o zamieszkiwaniu poruszam się w nurcie filozofii przyrody. Park Schopenhauera jest punktem odniesienia dla uwolnienia refleksji dotykającej ludzkich schronień. Domy, ich postaci kompletne są celem procesu, którego etapem jest tworzenie rzeźb zaprezentowanych w otwartej przestrzeni przyrodniczo-kulturowej. W Oliwie, pośród drzew, wzdłuż Potoku Oliwskiego umieszczony został cykl rzeźb zatytułowanych „istota zamieszkiwania: relacje [nie]codzienne”. Park Oruński koresponduje z Parkiem Oliwskim poprzez elementy skorelowanych wystaw. Obie prezentacje pozostają w ścisłej relacji i nawiązują do siebie. Temat przewodni jest wspólny: SCHRONIENIE. To punkt wyjścia pracy nad projektem. Prezentacje ukazują dwie rzeczywistości: wyobrażoną i fizyczną. Przestrzeń idei i przestrzeń kreacji. W praktyce projektanta są nierozłączne. Artysta może spróbować wyabstrahować fragmenty zjawiska dla skupienia uwagi na konkretnym aspekcie. OLIWA to obiekty dla miejsca, ORUNIA to obiekty w procesie, prezentujące idee i odwołania. Dwa miejsca to korespondencja w czasie i przestrzeni ukazująca współistniejące, ale dopuszczające autonomię refleksji, rzeczywistości namacalną fizyczność i abstrakcyjną, efemeryczną ideę.
istota zamieszkiwania: relacje [nie]codzienne Biomorfizm w poszukiwaniach formuły domu. Między formą a bezformiem schronienia. wystawa indywidualna cykl rzeźbiarski: 10 zestawów obiektów | glina suszona
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2023
Dom formę posiadać może, nie musi. Czasem dom jest tworem abstrakcyjnym. Lokuje się w wyobraźni, we wspomnieniach, regułach, opisie, obrazie. Paradoksalnie zatem, dom formy nie potrzebuje dla istnienia. Zazwyczaj jednak to o jego fizyczność chodzi. Potrzebny jest dom namacalny. Dom chroniący. Tak podpowiada ludzka fizyczność. Nasza egzystencja wymaga obudowy, schronienia, miejsca przechowywania, stref wydzielonych dla wykonywania określonych czynności życiowych. Dom: uosobowienie miejsca. Tworzenie domu to poszukiwanie pierwotnego sensu i istoty zamieszkiwania zawartych w idei schronienia, istniejącej poza czasem, w swojej ideowej formie także poza miejscem. Autorski projekt oparto na koncepcji scalenia form odkulturowych z elementami przyrodniczymi w nurcie biomorficznym. Biomorfizm nie oznacza antropologicznej opozycji ludzkie i nie-ludzkie. To szansa działania w nurcie posthumanistycznych poszukiwań podobieństw wśród wszystkich żywych gatunków współistniejących dzięki koegzystencji. Człowiek powinien zrewidować sytuowanie siebie w roli nadrzędnej. Rzeczywistość antropocentryczna nie zapewni gatunkom żywym schronienia na zdegradowanej planecie. Amorficzna masa gliny i refleksja twórcza stanowią o zaistnieniu ideowych rzeźb architektonicznych. Amorfizm jest źródłem biomorficznej formy schronienia. Rozpoczyna cykl życiowy obiektu. Kształtowanie w funkcji czasu, doprecyzowywanie bryły, spasowywanie z miejscem, wpasowywanie w wizję twórczą obarczone [nie] codziennymi relacjami ze światem przyrodniczym i kulturowym. Powstaje obiekt, który zostaje naznaczony cechami kulturowymi. Wykonanie wgłębień przywołujących kształtem skojarzenie z otworami budynku zmienia skalę i charakter doświadczenia. Przenosi rzeźbę z obszaru sztuki czystej w sferę użytkową. Odnajduje odwołania i skojarzenia. Czyni oswajalnym. Prowokuje do rozważań o formie domu powoływanego autorską metodą pozwala skonfrontować zastany obiekt w konkretnym kontekście z osobistą wizją domu własnego, wyobrażonego, poszukiwanego. Rzeźby kształtowane biomorficznie czerpią kształt z zastanych elementów przyrodniczych. Powstaje spasowany dotykiem, wymodelowany w rodzimym materiale obiekt. Ukazujący formułę domu, który powstaje, istnieje, degraduje się i znika. Przechodzi w niebyt jako forma, ale jego substancja wraca do systemu, który go zrodził. Przenosi jego fizyczne cząstki w inne struktury i byty, a zawarte idee w przestrzeń rozważań. Ten proces jest mu przypisany jako zasada egzystencji.