Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

Page settings

polski
Publications Repository
Gdańsk University of Technology

Show publications from the year

Publications from the year 2023

Show all
  • Metody generowania energii
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    • Katarzyna Januszewicz
    2023

    Generowanie energii stanowi podstawę funkcjonowania społeczeństw i rozwoju gospodarki światowej. W różnych krajach kluczowe technologie, na których opiera się energetyka, są inne, co zależy zarówno od historycznych podstaw rozwoju tego sektora, postępu technicznego, jak i uwarunkowań politycznych, a co za tym idzie – legislacyjnych. W krajach Unii Europejskiej od wielu lat dominuje trend rozwoju energetyki opartej na źródłach odnawialnych. Jest to często trudne do pogodzenia z istniejącymi rozwiązaniami, gdy – tak jak w naszym kraju – przeważa energetyka oparta na węglu. W krajach wysoko rozwiniętych świadoma polityka państw zaowocowała rozwojem energetyki wiatrowej, słonecznej czy jądrowej. W bilansie niektórych krajów zagospodarowanie energetyczne odpadów stanowi nie tylko uzupełnienie niedoborów paliwowych, lecz także skuteczny sposób pozbycia się tego niewygodnego problemu. Wszystkie omówione w rozdziale technologie pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej i ciepła należy rozważać w ścisłym powiązaniu z polityką zrównoważonego rozwoju i ochroną środowiska, stanowi on więc niejako wprowadzenie do kolejnych rozdziałów.

  • Metody wzmacniania krótkich wsporników słupa w świetle badań eksperymentalnych
    • Krystyna Nagrodzka-Godycka
    2023 Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    W artykule podano metody wzmacniania wsporników słupów, których skuteczność została zweryfikowana badaniami eksperymentalnymi. Niezależnie od zastosowanej metody efektywność wzmocnienia wspornika jest głównie uzależniona od smukłości ścinania wspornika, ilości zbrojenia wewnętrznego i jego wytężenia przed wzmocnieniem.

  • Miasto w działaniu. Nowe pola aktywności społecznej
    • Małgorzata Dymnicka
    • Jarosław Załęcki
    2023

    Miasto od wieków jest areną sporów, przestrzenią konfliktów i miejscem uzgadniania interesów. Już sama relacja mieszkańców z miastem polega na konstytuowaniu przestrzeni, organizacji i reorganizacji współistnienia. Oznacza to, że od socjologicznie rozumianej przestrzeni należy oczekiwać, że uchwyci ona społeczny proces stanowienia. Przestrzeń miasta, w obrębie której żyje dana społeczność, jest jednym z najważniejszych obszarów oddziaływania ze względu na niedostatki, ograniczenia i bariery w dostępie do zasobów. Politycy miast i wielokulturowych metropolii coraz częściej zdają sobie sprawę, że ich zadaniem jest minimalizowanie napięć pomiędzy wyobrażoną wspólnotą podzielanych (lokalnych) tożsamości a konstruującymi ją regułami prawnymi. Można przywołać wiele przykładów, które obrazują skuteczne działania na rzecz zmiany rzeczywistości, jako dowód na aktywność zwyczajnych i niekoniecznie najbardziej zaawansowanych w sztuce życia obywatelskiego i społecznego obywateli, którzy korzystają z prawa i wolności do określonych działań na rzecz szeroko pojętego środowiska zbudowanego.

  • Micro‑ and nano‑ bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil‑improvement technique
    • Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani
    • Hamed Niroumand,
    • Lech Bałachowski
    2023 Full text Scientific Reports

    Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-additives in various types of soils were developed. In this research, the role of micro- and nano- size of bentonite as soil stabilizer was evaluated as first few research to improve geotechnical properties of soils. Nanoadditives prepared by micro- and nano- sizes of bentonite were blend with four formulations. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, namely 0% Micro- Bentonite, 1% Micro-Bentonite, 2% Micro-Bentonite, 3% Micro-Bentonite, 0% Nano-Bentonite, 1% Nano-Bentonite, 2% Nano-Bentonite, and 3% Nano-Bentonite, respectively. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives were separately added to soil. Specimens with 3% nano-bentonite showed significant improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil that was more than 2.3-times higher than control specimen in 7-d curing time. Also the performance of micro-bentonite resulted in improvement in UCS of soil that was more than 1.1-times higher than control specimen at 7-d curing time. The secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the samples treated with microand nano- additives increased in comparison to untreated specimens. Further, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses characterized micro- and nanostructures of soil specimens, and showed the performance of nano-additives in improving strength of soils. Results show that nano-bentonite as a type of nano-additives is an effective means of increasing the strength of soils. This research shows the significant of nano-bentonite in soil improvement, as a NSI technique.

  • Microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer patients in preoperative period
    • Karolina Każmierczak-Siedlecka
    • K. Skonieczna-Żydecka
    • J. Palma
    • Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
    • M. Świerblewski
    • K. Siedlecka-Kroplewska
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • K. Połom
    2023 Full text European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

    Short-chain fat-ty acids (SCFAs) are microbial derived metabo-lites, which have multiple beneficial properties. The amount of SCFAs depends on several fac-tors, such as age, diet (mainly intake of dietary fiber), and overall health condition. The normal proportion between SCFAs is 3:1:1 for acetate, proprionate and butyrate, respectively. In col-orectal cancer (CRC) patients, microbiota alter-ations have been shown. Consequently, metab-olome within the gut might change to a large ex-tent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to anal-yse the content of SCFAs and the proportion be-tween SCFAs in the stool obtained from CRC pa-tients in preoperative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study in-cluded 15 patients with CRC in preoperative pe-riod. The stool samples were taken and stored at -80°C in the Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Med-ical University of Gdansk, Poland. The analysis of SCFAs from stool samples was conducted by means of gas chromatography. RESULTS: This study included mainly males (66.67%, n=10). In all patients, there was abnor-mal proportion between SCFAs. The extreme-ly higher concentration of butyrate was noted in 2 samples (13.33%) compared to the rest of pa-tients. However, based on normal proportion be-tween SCFAs, the results <1 for butyrate were noted in 93.33% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: SCFAs pool is altered in CRC patients, among others characterized by low level of butyrate. It should be considered to administer butyrate supplementation to CRC pa-tients especially prior to surgery to support an appropriate preparation to this treatment.

  • Microcrack monitoring and fracture evolution of polyolefin and steel fibre concrete beams using integrated acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
    • Shahzad Ashraf
    • Magdalena Rucka
    2023 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    The use of polymer and steel fibres in plain concrete appears to be an excellent solution for limiting crack propagation and improving the post-ductility performance of concrete structures. Based on this premise, this study investigated the fracture evolution of polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) and steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens through the integrated application of two diagnostic techniques, acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC), under three-point bending tests. Based on the processing of AE signals, different AE statistical parameters such as the cumulative number of hits, amplitude distribution, and some representative analysis methods including the b-value method, Ib-value method, and AE intensity analysis methods were selected to analyse the early detection of cracking and post-cracking behaviour in PFRC vs SFRC specimens during mechanical degradation. Simultaneously, the DIC technique was used to validate the fracture evolution of the AE results. Furthermore, to verify the reliability of the AE and DIC results, the damage localisation and fracture evolution of the PFRC versus SFRC specimens were confirmed by integrating the AE fracture energies and DIC outcomes. The tests and analysed results showed that the addition of steel fibres to plain concrete significantly improved the ability to restrict crack propagation and provided higher post-cracking resistance compared to PFRC specimens owing to their stronger fibre-matrix bonding, effective fibre bridging, and crack-arresting mechanism. The present study indicates that the combined AE and DIC techniques are highly effective for the early detection of damage and ductility performance in fibre-reinforced concrete structures.

  • Microcracking monitoring and damage detection of graphene nanoplatelets-cement composites based on acoustic emission technology
    • Shahzad Ashraf
    • Suliman Khan
    • Vipin Kumar Oad
    2023 Full text Case Studies in Construction Materials

    This study aims to identify the micro-cracking pattern and structural applications of cement composites replaced with 0 wt%, 0.04 wt%, and 0.08 wt% contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) over cement weight through acoustic emission (AE) monitoring under mechanical degradation. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) results showed that at 60 min sonication period, GNP-4 showed maximum absorbance rate of 16.15% compared to the GNP-8. The microstructural characteristics revealed that during hydration of cement there was no apparent cracks appeared in GNPs-cement composites compared to the reference specimen (GNP-0) which was 1.44 mm. The cracking mode and damaged detection of the tested specimens resulted in three distinct stages i.e., (I) pre-peak, (II) peak, and (III) post-peak under mechanical degradation. GNP-4 achieved 780 N flexural capacity which was increased by 30% and 21.87% compared to the GNP-0 and GNP-8. Similarly, a compressive strength of 63.12 MPa, 57.5 MPa, and 56 MPa at 28 days was obtained by GNP-4, GNP-8, and GNP-0, respectively. Based on AE hits and amplitude analysis, the resistance to fracture, damping capacity, and ductility of GNP-4 was improved by 25.30%, 25.1%, and 22.47% respectively, to that of GNP-0. Shear failure (>35 kHz) was observed in GNP-0, while GNPs cement composites recorded tensile failure (<35 kHz) through RA-AF parameters. The cracking pattern through Ib value with a warning sign of 1.5 between micro and macro-cracks and severity of damages through historical index (HI) and severity index (Sr) of GNPs cement composites was determined. Lastly, it was concluded that GNPs contents can significantly improve bending strength and delay the cracks initiation in cement composites.

  • Microemulsion Delivery Systems with Low Surfactant Concentrations: Optimization of Structure and Properties by Glycol Cosurfactants
    • Patrycja Szumała
    • Szymon Mania
    • Balbina Makurat-Kasprolewicz
    • Jolanta Kaplińska
    2023 Full text MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

    Extensive use of microemulsions as delivery systems raises interest in the safe ingredients that can form such systems. Here, we assessed the use of two glycols, i.e., propylene glycol and pentylene glycol, and their mixtures to manipulate the properties and structure of microemulsions. Obtained systems with glycols were extensively characterized in terms of capacity to incorporate water phase, droplet size, polydispersity, structure type, and rheological and thermal properties. The results of these studies indicate that the composition, structure, and viscosity of the microemulsions can be changed by appropriate quantification of glycols. It has been shown that the type of glycol used and its amount may favor or worsen the formation of microemulsions with the selected oils. In addition, a properly selected composition of oils and glycols resulted in the formation of microemulsions with a reduced content of surfactants and consequently improved the safety of using microemulsions as delivery systems.

  • Microfluidic SIW-Based Tunable Self-Diplexing Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band Applications
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Goutham Reddy
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Qingsha Cheng
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS

    This work introduces a novel frequency tunable self-diplexing antenna (SDA) design based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A modified A-shaped slot is employed on the cavity’s top plane, which is excited by two independent 50 Ω microstrip feed lines to operate at each resonant frequency. The frequency flexibility of the proposed antenna allows for fine-tuning at each resonance frequency. The frequency flexibility has been achieved by employing the substrate’s air- and liquid-filled pockets. The proposed antenna can be configured to operate in the 3.5-3.8 GHz and 5.53-6.2 GHz bands, as demonstrated by the simulation results. With distilled water-filled pockets, the proposed antenna offers peak gains of 5.04 dBi and 5.26 dBi. The proposed SDA exhibits competitive features such as a highly compact size of 0.22λg2 and high isolation (>27dB), which makes it suitable for handheld communication devices. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.

  • Microplastics removal from aqueous environment by metal organic frameworks
    • Zhila Honarmandrad
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2023 Full text BMC Chemistry

    This paper provides an overview of recent research performed on the applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for microplastics (MPs) removal from aqueous environments. MPs pollution has become a major environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, developing effective and sustainable methods for removing them from aqueous environments is crucial. In recent years, MOFs have emerged as a promising solution for this purpose due to their unique properties such as high surface area, renewability, chemical stability, and versatility. Moreover, their specific properties such as their pore size and chemical composition can be tailored to enhance their efficiency in removing MPs. It has been shown that MOFs can effectively adsorb MPs from aqueous media in the range of 70–99.9%. Besides some high price concerns, the main drawback of using MOFs is their powder form which can pose challenges due to their instability. This can be addressed by supporting MOFs on other substrates such as aerogels or foams. Meanwhile, there is a need for more research to investigate the long-term stability of MOFs in aqueous environments and developing efficient regeneration methods for their repeated use.

  • Microscopic Imaging to Visualize the Distribution of Dietary Nucleic Acids in Food Products of Various Origins
    • Anna Kościelak
    • Zuzanna Koziara
    • Ana Pons Maria
    • Rafał Płatek
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    2023 Full text Foods

    Dietary nucleic acids (dietNAs) are being increasingly recognized as important food components with nutritional value. However, the precise dietary recommendations for dietNAs are limited, because established methods for determining the quantity and nutritional role of dietNAs are still lacking. One of the tools to narrow this gap could be microscopic imaging, as a convenient approach to visualize the abundance and distribution of dietNAs in food products. With the aid of appropriate bioinformatic elaboration, such images may in future enable the direct semiquantitative estimation of these macromolecules in food products. In the presented study, two methods of preparing microscopic sections and staining them with DNA-specific fluorochromes were used for microscopic imaging of dietNAs in food products of plant and animal origin. Procedures for preparing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and cryosections were compared in terms of their usefulness for routine food analysis. Both methods turned out equally suitable for visualizing dietNA distribution in animal and plant products. However, the use of cryosections allowed a significantly shorter analysis time and reduced the consumption of organic solvents. Both of these advantages make the cryosection method preferable while establishing a dedicated methodology for routine assessment of dietNAs in the food industry.

  • Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Combined GTAW and SMAW Dissimilar Welded Joints between Inconel 718 and 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel
    • Sachin Sirohi
    • Shailesh M. Pandey
    • Aleksandra Świerczyńska
    • Grzegorz Rogalski
    • Naveen Kumar
    • Michał Landowski
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    • Chandan Pandey
    2023 Full text Metals

    A dissimilar welded joint of Inconel 718 and 304L austenitic stainless steel was prepared using a combined procedure with the gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding processes by employing the Ni-based fillers: ERNiCr-3 and ENiCrFe-3. The welded joints were investigated for metallographic testing and mechanical properties, and a relationship was established between the microstructure and the resultant mechanical properties. Microstructural observation revealed the formation of the unmixed zone on the 304L SS side. The weld metal showed that the fully austenitic microstructure consisted of the Nb- and Ti-rich carbide phases along the inter-dendritic spaces. The tensile test results at room temperature showed the failure from the weld metal which might be due to alloying element segregation along the inter-dendritic spaces. However, a tensile test at 600 ◦C showed the failure from the 304L SS base metal with a tensile strength and % elongation value of 377 MPa and 24%, respectively. The hardness plot showed the average hardness value of the weld metal of 236 ± 5 HV, which was higher than the 304L SS BM (204 ± 4 HV) but lower than the IN718 BM (243 ± 5 HV). The impact toughness of the weld metal was 109 J, which was significantly lower than the base metals. The poor impact strength of the weld metal might be due to the evolution of the NbC phase along inter-dendritic spaces

  • Mind the framing: Match purpose and context
    • Monica Fiore, Di
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Samuele Lo Piano
    • Arnald Puy,
    • Andrea Saltelli,
    2023

    In several ways, the following chapters will allude to the concept of frames. The assumptions of a mathematical model tell us what it can explain and what it cannot (see chapter 5). The trade-off between the usefulness of a mathemati- cal model and the scale of complexity it seeks to capture further conditions the narrative, highlighting or downsizing cognitive elements relevant to responsible modelling (see ‘Mathematics and tales’ in chapter 4). Yet, what determines the choice of a model, its assumptions, and its level of complexity? Answering these questions requires a more general perspective that involves frames—that is, the complex of cognitive schemes through which we reason and which we use to make sense of the world. The notion of the frame owes much to the tradition of social studies. Several disciplines have underlined the importance of worldviews and their causal rela- tionships in giving us the coordinates to classify the situations in which we find ourselves. Since public policies are constructs of considerable complexity, policy inquiry has paid great attention to the frames we use to organize information, ideas, and beliefs. For example, Campbell (2002), analysing the effects of ideas, worldviews, and cognitive paradigms on policy-making, defines frames as ‘nor- mative and sometimes cognitive ideas that are located in the foreground of policy debates’.

  • Miniatura, mały format, duże możliwości
    • Joanna Golińska-Pilarek
    • Renata Mazurkiewicz
    • Anna Strzebońska
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2023 Full text Forum Akademickie

    MINIATURA to program Narodowego Centrum Nauki przeznaczony do realizacji pojedynczego działania naukowego z zakresu badań podstawowych. Zrównoważona dystrybucja środków w MINIATURZE, zarówno pod względem typów jednostek naukowych, jak i województw, pokazuje, że MINIATURA jest ważną formą wsparcia finansowego w ofercie grantowej NCN, która dobrze odpowiada na zapotrzebowanie mniejszych ośrodków na tzw małe granty

  • Miniaturized Dual-Band SIW-Based Bandpass Filters Using Open-Loop Ring Resonators
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    2023 Full text Electronics

    This article presents two novel architectures of dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters (BPFs). Initially, two identical open-loop ring resonators (OLRRs) are coupled face-to-face on the top of the SIW cavity to realize a dual-band single-pole BPF. To obtain two-pole dual-band characteristics, two OLRRs resonant units are assembled horizontally within the top metal layer of the SIW, which is a technique used for the first time in the literature. For demonstration purposes, two types of SIW filters loaded with OLRRs are designed and fabricated. The proposed filters feature an extremely compact size, a low insertion loss, and good selectivity. The single- and two-pole filters have an overall size of 0.012λg2 and 0.041λg2, respectively. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.

  • Miniaturized Inline Bandpass Filters Based on Triple-Mode Integrated Coaxial-Waveguide Resonators
    • Muhammad Yameen Sandhu
    • Sharjeel Afridi
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 Full text IEEE Access

    This work presents a design technique to implement miniaturized cross-coupled bandpass filters in inline physical configurations based on triple-mode resonators. Triple-mode resonances are obtained by using integrated coaxial-waveguide cavity resonators. They consist of two coaxial conducting posts placed in the sidewalls of a rectangular waveguide cavity. In the proposed triplet, a transmission zero (TZ) can be positioned at any of the two sides of the passband by simply locating the coaxial posts either on the same wall or on opposite walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity. Coaxial-to-waveguide mode coupling is implemented by means of coupling screws, which adds flexibility in terms of tuning easiness. Three 9.9-GHz proof-of-concept prototypes corresponding to third- and sixth-order integrated coaxial-waveguide bandpass filters are designed at the electromagnetic-simulation level. Furthermore, the triplet with a TZ below the passband is manufactured and characterized to experimentally validate the engineered 3-D RF filter principle and its underlying design theory.

  • Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) has been practiced in a modern form for more than half a century. It was constantly developing, driven by the analysts needs. These needs are coming from the importance to select an appropriate analytical method, which should have satisfactory accuracy, precision and sensitivity. In the case of sorbent-based microextraction techniques, the choice of miniaturized variants that meet these requirements as well as the requirements of GAC is extremely wide. The increasing popularity of the technique has spurred the influx of many manufacturers into the commercial side of the technology, and many columns, cartridges and discs are comercially available. SPE-type techniques which can be connected with quantification techniques, are perfect to be applied for pollution analysis. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an updated, comprehensive overview of modern SPE techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis.

  • Miniaturized solid phase extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 2
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel De la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Determination of pollutants present in environmental samples at a low concentration level very often requires the analytical protocol that includes analytes isolation and/or enrichment prior to the final quantification. Miniaturized SPE offers an interesting alternative to LLE. Nowadays, many types of sorbents are available and can be used as selective materials for extraction of varied analytes in different kinds of samples. The characteristic of sorbent plays a crucial role because determines the resulting extraction mechanism of particular technique. SPE techniques have numerous positive features. This review provides an updated, comprehensive overview of new types of sorbents used in SPE-based techniques. In addition, miniaturized SPE techniques applied to environmental problems are described, based on the most recent, relevant, and representative examples of successful application. The perspective of the most promising directions for the development of the SPE technology in the near future, and the greatest challenges that will have to be faced, are also outlined.

  • Mitigating metal-organic framework (MOF) toxicity for biomedical applications
    • Paulina Wiśniewska
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Sidi A. Bencherif
    2023 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of crystalline porous materials, consisting of metal ions and organic linkers. These hybrid materials are highly porous and have a large specific surface area, making them of great interest for applications in gas separation, energy storage, biomedical imaging, and drug delivery. As MOFs are being explored for biomedical applications, it is essential to comprehensively assess their toxicity. Although nearly ninety thousand MOFs have been investigated, evaluating and optimizing their physico-chemical properties in relevant biological systems remain critical for their clinical translation. In this review article, we first provide a brief classification of MOFs based on their chemical structures. We then conduct a comprehensive evaluation of in vitro and in vivo studies that assess the biocompatibility of MOFs. Additionally, we discuss various approaches to mitigate the critical factors associated with MOF toxicity. To this end, the effects of chemistry, particle size, morphology, and particle aggregation are examined. To better understand MOFs' potential toxicity to living organisms, we also delve into the toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, we introduce and evaluate strategies such as surface modification to reduce the inherent toxicity of MOFs. Finally, we discuss current challenges, the path to clinical trials, and new research directions.

  • Mobile Networks' Analysis in Terms of QoS Performance Assessment
    • Dariusz Zmysłowski
    • Jan M. Kelner
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023

    Quality of service (QoS) assessment is one of the basic processes carried out by mobile network operators (MNOs) and regulators of the telecommunications market. Usually, professional companies carry out measurements for various country areas and use cases (scenarios). In this paper, we show exemplary measurement results carried out in drive tests in the vicinity of the Polish capital by a professional company. The measurement campaign included two MNOs and three use cases, i.e., voice calls, video live streaming from YouTube, and web browsing. Various parameters of the received signals and QoS metrics were recorded during the measurements, e.g., reference signal received power, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, mean opinion score (MOS), video MOS, and throughput. One of the MNOs provides services using Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies, while another is based only on LTE technology. The presented results show that higher QoS metrics were obtained for the LTE network than one using UMTS/LTE technologies.