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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • High temperature corrosion evaluation and lifetime prediction of porous Fe22Cr stainless steel in air in temperature range 700–900 °C
    • Damian Koszelow
    • Małgorzata Makowska
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Piotr Jasiński
    • F. Marone
    • Sebastian Molin
    2021 Full text CORROSION SCIENCE

    This work describes a high temperature corrosion kinetics study of ~30% porous Fe22Cr alloys. The surface area of the alloy (~0.02 m2 g-1) has been determined by tomographic microscopy. The weight gain of the alloys was studied by isothermal thermogravimetry in the air for 100 hours at 700 - 900 °C. Breakaway oxidation was observed after oxidation at 850 °C (~100 hours) and 900 °C (~30 hours). The lifetime prediction shows the investigated porous alloy can be used for >3000 hours at temperatures <700 °C. At temperatures ≥700 °C, the lifetime of the porous alloy is limited by the available chromium reservoir.

  • High temperature proton conduction in LaSbO4
    • Piotr Winiarz
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Kacper Dzierzgowski
    • Maria Gazda
    • Sebastian Wachowski
    2021 Full text CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

    Lanthanum orthoantimonate was synthesized using a solid‐state synthesis method. To enhance the possible protonic conductivity, samples with the addition of 1 mol% Ca in La‐site, were also prepared. The structure was studied by the means of X‐ray diffraction, which showed that both specimens were single phase. The materials crystallized in the space group P2 1 /n. Dilatometry revealed that material expands non‐linearly with the temperature. The nature of this deviation is unknown, however, the calculated linear fraction thermal expansion coefficient was 9.56×10 ‐6 1/K. Electrical properties studies showed that the material is a proton conductor in oxidizing conditions, which was confirmed both by temperature studies in wet in dry air, but also by the H/D isotope exchange experiment. The conductivity was rather modest, peaking at order 10 ‐6 S/cm at 800°C, but this can be further improved by microstructure and doping optimization. This is the first time when protonic conductivity in lanthanum orthoantimonates is reported.

  • High-accuracy computation of hard X-ray focusing and imaging for refractive optics
    • Paweł Wojda
    • Sergey Kshevetskii
    • Ivan Lyatun
    2021 Full text JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

    A mathematical apparatus for solving problems of X-ray wave propagation through complex optical systems, when the lens thickness can change with jumps, is developed and presented. The developed method is based on the use of the superposition of oriented Gaussian beams, which satisfy the Helmholtz equation with high accuracy. The wave propagation in air and through kinoform and ordinary lenses is considered. Focusing and imaging properties are compared for both types of X-ray optics. The diffraction effects arising due to thickness jumps in the kinoform lenses and the influence of these jumps on the X-ray focusing and imaging are investigated. The prospect of using the developed theory for X-ray optics applications is discussed.

  • High-accuracy polarimetric studies on lead germanate single crystals
    • Mykola Shopa
    • Nazar Ftomyn
    • Yaroslav Shopa
    2021 Journal of Applied Crystallography

    A high-accuracy polarimetric technique has been used for the characterization of a lead germanate ferroelectric single crystal. The measurement results of the linear and circular birefringence in the [010] direction at a wavelength of 633 nm under the influence of an electric field are presented. Gyration–electric field hysteresis loops at alternative crystal positions in the polarization system have been used to determine the ellipticity of the eigenwaves. A temperature dependence of the gyration tensor component g11 in the temperature range of 300–450 K was found.

  • Higher responsiveness to rosuvastatin in polygenic versus monogenic hypercholesterolaemia: a propensity score analysis
    • Mariusz Kaszubowski
    2021 EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL

    Background The underlying monogenic defect in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) can be detected in ∼40% of cases. The majority of mutation-negative patients have a polygenic cause of high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) due to having inherited a greater than average number of common LDL-C raising single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Purpose We sought to investigate, whether the monogenic or polygenic defect in FH is associated with the response to rosuvastatin. Methods Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of FH were tested for mutations in LDLR and APOB genes. A previously established LDL-C-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) was used to examine the possibility of polygenic hypercholesterolemia in mutation negative patients. The propensity score analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with the response to rosuvastatin. The type of hypercholesterolemia (polygenic or monogenic) and following variables: age, gender, LDL-baseline, statin intolerance, ezetimibe use, rosuvastatin dose, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), were examined to minimize the bias of this observational study. Results LDLR/APOB mutation was found in 47 (42%) patients, whereas polygenic hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed in 65 (58%) of patients. Mean age was comparable in both groups (54±13 vs 51±13, p=0.134). CVD was diagnosed in ≈26% of individuals in both cohorts (p=0.343). There was no difference in the distribution of CV risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes, body mass index and in rate of statin intolerance. Monogenic subjects had higher baseline LDL-C compared to polygenic (Table 1). Adjusted model showed a lower percentage of change in LDL-C after rosuvastatin treatment in monogenic vs. polygenic subjects (46% vs 55%, p<0.001) (Figure 1). The probability of achieving LDL-C targets in monogenic FH was lower than in polygenic subjects (0.075 vs. 0.245, p=0.004). Polygenic patients were more likely to achieve LDL-C goals, compared to mutation-positive patients (OR 3.28; 95% CI:1.23–8.72). Conclusion Our findings indicate an essentially higher responsiveness to rosuvastatin in patients with a polygenic cause, as compared to those carrying monogenic mutations.

  • High-Gain Compact Circularly Polarized X-Band Superstrate Antenna for CubeSat Applications
    • Luiza Leszkowska
    • Mateusz Rzymowski
    • Krzysztof Nyka
    • Łukasz Kulas
    2021 Full text IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    In this letter, a concept of high-gain circularly polarized X-band antenna employing a partially reflecting surface (PRS) has been presented. In the initial antenna analysis, the influence of parasitic elements size in the PRS structure on antenna radiation pattern parameters has been investigated and the optimal arrangement of the elements has been identified. The proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth of return loss above 10 dB of 20% (8-9.8 GHz) and circular polarization in a frequency range 8.35-8.95 GHz. The final design is compact (62 × 62 × 22.2 mm) and lightweight (29.7 g), which makes it suitable for use in CubeSat X-band communication systems but also drone and high-altitude pseudo-satellite (HAPS) applications.

  • Highlighting interlanguage phoneme differences based on similarity matrices and convolutional neural network
    • Grazina Korvel
    • Povilas Treigys
    • Bożena Kostek
    2021 Full text Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

    The goal of this research is to find a way of highlighting the acoustic differences between consonant phonemes of the Polish and Lithuanian languages. For this purpose, similarity matrices are employed based on speech acoustic parameters combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN). In the first experiment, we compare the effectiveness of the similarity matrices applied to discerning acoustic differences between consonant phonemes of the Polish and Lithuanian languages. The similarity matrices built on both an extensive set of parameters and a reduced set after removing high-correlated parameters are used. The results show that higher accuracy is obtained by the similarity matrices without discarding high-correlated parameters. In the second experiment, the averaged accuracies of the similarity matrices obtained are compared with the results provided by spectrograms combined with CNN, as well as the results of the vectors containing acoustic parameters and two baseline classifiers, namely k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine. The performance of the similarity matrix approach demonstrates its superiority over the methods used for comparison.

  • Highly crystalline colloidal nickel oxide hole transport layer for low-temperature processable perovskite solar cell
    • Pei-Huan Lee
    • Ting-Tzu Wu
    • Chia-Feng Li
    • Damian Głowienka
    • Yi-Hsuan Sun
    • Yi-Ting Lin
    • Hung-Wei Yen
    • Cheng-Gang Huang
    • Yulia Galagan
    • Yu-Ching Huang
    • Wei-Fang Su
    2021 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Highly crystalline NiOX usually requires high annealing temperature (>300 °C) which is incompatible with flexible substrate and might consume high amount of energy. Herein, we demonstrate a facile emulsion process to synthesize highly crystalline, low temperature deposition (<150 °C) and solution processable NiOx nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole transport layer for the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). A novel surfactant of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) was used to react with Ni(NO3)2 to form Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs). The micelles of TMAOH act as a nano-reactor containing OH− anion. The Ni+ cation enters into the nano-reactor to form Ni(OH)2 NPs inside the reactor with controlled particle size. The Ni(OH)2 NPs prepared by emulsion process are further calcined to form NiOX NPs with the particle size of 8.28 ± 2.64 nm (EP-NiOX). The smaller size of EP-NiOX NPs results in a good dispersibility and an excellent stability of NPs suspension, which can be used to fabricate uniform NiOX film without any aggregates. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.85% can be achieved using this EP-NiOX film, as compared with 16.68% using the NiOX NPs synthesized from the chemical precipitation method (CPM-NiOX). Moreover, a flexible PVSCs with a PCE of 14.28% can be fabricated using the EP-NiOX film. Except for the device performance, the quality of the EP-NiOX film shows a good batch-to-batch uniformity, resulting in an excellent reproducibility of PVSCs. This work has a potential for the development of a large-scale production of PVSCs with a high energy conservation.

  • Highly Dissipative Materials for Damage Protection against Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding
    • Anna M. Stręk
    • Natalia Lasowicz
    • Arkadiusz Kwiecień
    • Bogusław Zając
    • Robert Jankowski
    2021 Full text Materials

    It is a common situation that seismic excitations may lead to collisions between adjacent civil engineering structures. This phenomenon, called earthquake-induced structural pounding, may result in serious damage or even the total collapse of the colliding structures. Filling the gap between two buildings erected close to one another by using visco-elastic materials can be considered to be one of the most effective methods to avoid seismic pounding. In this paper, a new polymer–metal composite material made of polyurethane and closed-cell aluminum foam is proposed as a pounding energy absorber for protection against earthquake hazards. The composite was created in two versions, with and without an adhesive interface. A series of experiments which reflect the conditions of seismic collision were performed: quasi-static compression, dynamic uniaxial compression and low-cycle dynamic compression with 10 loops of unloading at 10% strain. The composite material’s behavior was observed and compared with respect to uniform material specimens: polymer and metal foam. The experimental results showed that the maximum energy absorption efficiency in the case of the new material with the bonding layer was improved by 34% and 49% in quasi-static and dynamic conditions, respectively, in comparison to a sole polymer bumper. Furthermore, the newly proposed composites dissipated from 35% to 44% of the energy absorbed in the cyclic procedure, whereas the polymer specimen dissipated 25%. The capacity of the maintenance of the dissipative properties throughout the complete low-cycle loading was also satisfactory: it achieved an additional 100% to 300% of the energy dissipated in the first loading–unloading loop.

  • Highly Miniaturized Self-Diplexed U-Shaped Slot Antenna Based on Shielded QMSIW
    • Rusan Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Qingsha Cheng
    • Stanisław Szczepański
    2021 Full text IEEE Access

    This article presents an efficient yet simple design approach to highly miniaturized cavity-backed self-diplexing antenna (SDA) with high-isolation. The structure employs a shielded quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW). Two U-shaped slots are engraved on the top conducting plane, which realize two frequency bands and significant size reduction. The slots are excited by two independent 50Ω orthogonal feed-lines to achieve high isolation while enabling radiation at 3.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The proposed design approach allows us to design the two frequency bands independently from each other. The SDA structure is verified using an equivalent circuit model, full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, and experimental validation of the antenna prototype. Excellent consistency between simulated and measured responses has been demonstrated. According to the measurement, the SDA has peak gains of 5.26/5.60 dBi at 3.5/5.4 GHz, and the return loss better than 21.6 dB. The isolation between ports is greater than 40 dB, whereas excellent front-to-back-ratio and co-to-cross polarization are obtained for the proposed SDA. Furthermore, the total size of the SDA is only 0.129 λ2, with λ being the guided wavelength at 3.5 GHz.

  • Highly Oriented Zirconium Nitride and Oxynitride Coatings Deposited via High‐Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering: Crystal‐Facet‐Driven Corrosion Behavior in Domestic Wastewater
    • Anna Dettlaff
    • Mateusz Brodowski
    • Marcin Kowalski
    • Vitezslav Stranak
    • Vadym Prysiazhnyi
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2021 Full text ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS

    Herein, highly crystalline ZrxNy and ZrxNyOz coatings are achieved by the deposition via high‐power impulse magnetron sputtering. Various N2 and N2/O2 gas mixtures with argon are investigated. The chemical composition and, as a result, mechanical properties of the deposited layer can be tailored along with morphological and crystallographic structural changes. The corrosion resistance behavior is studied by potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a sample of synthetic wastewater designed to imitate real‐life domestic wastewater. The corrosion current density of the ZrxNyOz coating is in the range of 33–70 μA cm−2, whereas for the zirconium nitride layers, values below 1.0 μA cm−2 are achieved. The highest corrosion resistance of 64 nm year−1 is observed for the ZrxNy coating deposited with 1.00% N2 content in the gas mixture with a corrosion potential of −0.41 V Ag/AgCl.

  • Highly selective impedimetric determination of Haemophilus influenzae protein D using maze-like boron-doped carbon nanowall electrodes
    • Mateusz Brodowski
    • Marcin Kowalski
    • Marta Skwarecka
    • Katarzyna Pałka
    • Michał Skowicki
    • Anna Kula
    • Tomasz Lipiński
    • Anna Dettlaff
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Karolina Dziąbowska
    • Dawid Nidzworski
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2021 Full text TALANTA.The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry

    This study reports a novel impedimetric immunosensor for protein D detection in purified and bacterial (Haemophilus influenzae, Hi) samples. The detection was based on antigen recognition by anti-protein D antibodies (apD) immobilised at the maze-like boron-doped carbon nanowall electrodes (B:CNW). The B:CNW electrodes were synthesised, and their surface was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The sensor was prepared in a two-step procedure: apD were covalently linked on the previously modified B:CNW electrodes using diazonium salt. Modification steps were controlled by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The immunosensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, stability, satisfactory sensitivities, and linear ranges for antigen detection. Protein D was detected down to 2.39×102 fg/mL with a linear range extending from 3.37×10-11 to 3.37×10-3 μg/mL (in purified sample). Next, Hi’s LOD was 5.20×102 CFU/mL with a linear range of 8.39×101–8.39×103 CFU/mL. Selectivity studies showed no reaction with negative samples as Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Bordetella parapertussis bacteria. Therefore, the new approach is suitable for rapid and quantitative detection of Hi, and is a good candidate for further tests on clinical samples.

  • High-performance NdSrCo2O5+δ–Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ composite cathodes for electrolyte-supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Yung-Fu Hsu
    • Yi-Le Liao
    • Shih-Ting Huang
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    NdSrCo2O5+δ (NSCO) is a perovskite with an electrical conductivity of 1551.3 S cm−1 at 500 °C and 921.7 S cm−1 at 800 °C and has a metal-like temperature dependence. This perovskite is used as the cathode material for Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ (GDC)-supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT-SOFCs). The MT-SOFCs fabricated in this study consist of a bilayer anode, comprising a NiO–GDC composite layer and a NiO layer, and a NSCO–GDC composite cathode. Three cell designs with different outer tube diameters, GDC thicknesses, and NSCO/GDC ratios are designed. The MT-SOFC with an outer tube diameter of 1.86 mm, an electrolyte thickness of 180 μm, and a 5NSCO–5GDC composite cathode presents the best performance. The flexural strength of the aforementioned cell is 177 MPa, which is sufficient to confer mechanical integrity to the cell. Moreover, the ohmic and polarization resistance values of the cell are 0.22 and 0.09 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, respectively, and 0.15 and 0.03 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, respectively. These results indicate that the NSCO-GDC composite exhibits high electrochemical activity. The maximum power densities of the cell at 700 and 800 °C are 0.46 and 0.67 W cm−2, respectively, exceeding those of existing electrolyte-supported MT-SOFCs with similar electrolyte thicknesses.

  • High-Power Jamming Attack Mitigation Techniques in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
    • Giannis Savva
    • Konstantinos Manousakis
    • Jacek Rak
    • Ioannis Tomkos
    • Georgios Ellinas
    2021 Full text IEEE Access

    This work presents efficient connection provisioning techniques mitigating high-power jamming attacks in spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) utilizing multicore fibers. High-power jamming attacks are modeled based on their impact on the lightpaths’ quality of transmission (QoT) through inter-core crosstalk. Based on a desired threshold on a lightpath’s QoT, the modulation format used, the length of the path, as well as a set of physical layer characteristics, each lightpath can potentially tolerate a high-power jamming attack. In this paper, an integer linear program is thus formulated, as well as heuristic algorithms to solve the problem of attack-aware routing, spectrum, modulation format, and core allocation in SS-FONs, aiming to both efficiently provision the network in terms of network resources, as well as minimize the impact of high-power jamming attacks on the established lightpaths. Extensive simulation results are obtained for several algorithm variants with different objectives, demonstrating the validity and efficiency of the proposed techniques that can effectively mitigate high-power jamming attacks, by minimizing the number of inter-core interactions, while at the same time establishing connections with high spectral efficiency.

  • Ho2Pd1.3Ge2.7 – a ternary AlB2-type cluster glass system
    • Leszek Litzbarski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Michał Winiarski
    2021 Full text RSC Advances

    We report a successful synthesis of a ternary AlB2-type intermetallic compound. The phase purity was obtained by fine-tuning the Pd-Ge ratio out of the idealized 1-3. Attempts to synthesize an Er analogue were not successful. We discuss the instability of the Er analogue based on the atomic size ratio and also suggest that the increased stability of Ho2Pd1+xGe3−x in the Pd-rich range likely stems from a combination of atomic size ratio, electronic, and entropic factors. The new Ho2Pd1.3Ge2.7 compound is found to exhibit cluster glass behavior with a freezing temperature of T ≈ 2.3 K.

  • Hold-Up Problems in International Gas Trade: A Case Study
    • Guych Nuryyev
    • Tomasz Korol
    • Ilia Tetin
    2021 Full text ENERGIES

    The infrastructure required for international natural gas trade is considerable, which often leads to hold-up problems and supply disruptions. This study discusses disruptions of gas supply from Algeria, Indonesia, Russia, and Turkmenistan since the early 1980s. The novelty of this study is its focus on the issues related to transit countries, which are rarely considered in the literature. The results of the study classify supply disruptions into six types, show the evolution of supply disruptions over time, and discuss mitigation strategies. The six types of disruptions include political change, price demands, debts, technical issues, transit fees, theft of gas. The evolution of the disruptions shows that the issues related to transit countries have become more frequent in the last two decades. Mitigation strategies tailored to transit countries include using an international organisation, designing contracts with price mechanisms that might reduce the possibility of disputes and reducing the number of parties involved in the trade

  • Homoclinics for singular strong force Lagrangian systems in R^N
    • Marek Izydorek
    • Joanna Janczewska
    • Nils Waterstraat
    2021 Full text CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

    We will be concerned with the existence of homoclinics for second order Hamiltonian systems in R^N (N>2) given by Hamiltonians of the form H(t,q,p)=Φ(p)+V(t,q), where Φ is a G-function in the sense of Trudinger, V is C^2-smooth, periodic in the time variable, has a single well of infinite depth at a point ξ and a unique strict global maximum 0 at the origin. Under a strong force type condition aroud the singular point ξ, we prove the existence of a homoclinic solution, avoiding the singularity, via minimization of an action integral defined in an appropriate Orlicz-Sobolev space. We find a candidate for a solution as weak limit of a minimizing sequence and show directly that it is a critical point of the action functional. Our results extend those by Tanaka in [28].

  • Honey antibacterial activity: A neglected aspect of honey quality assurance as functional food
    • Juraj Majtan
    • Marcela Bucekova
    • Ioannis Kafantaris
    • Piotr Szweda
    • Katherine Hammer
    • Dimitris Mossialos
    2021 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

    Background Honey is considered as a functional food with health-promoting properties. Its potent antibacterial and antibiofilm effects are the major attributes of so called ‘medical-grade honey’ which is topically used for the treatment of burns, wounds and skin disorders. Nevertheless, the current set of honey quality parameters adopted in the European Union do not include its biological properties. Furthermore, in light of the accelerated growth of scientific evidence, there is an urgent need to revise current qualitative tools, and to establish and certify more effective honey quality control. Scope and approach This up-to-date narrative review aims to discuss the recent clinical evidence describing the use of honey in the management of various disorders including respiratory tract infections, metabolic and gastro-intestinal derangements. Current knowledge about the antibacterial activity of honey, as the most studied biological properties of natural honey, focusing on mechanism of action and the factors/compounds responsible for the antibacterial effects is also discussed. In addition, the weaknesses of current honey quality parameters are highlighted and a new potentially qualitative parameter that takes into account honey functionality is presented. Key findings and conclusions Data from in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human clinical studies clearly indicate the importance and efficacy of honey as an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial activity can vary from honey to honey but must not be identical to the activity of the honey sugar content. In most cases, antibacterial activity can be negatively impacted by thermal processing and long-term storage and this activity is therefore a suitable and sensitive quality parameter. From a clinical point of view, we strongly advocate to solely use natural honey that has undergone only minimal processing in order to preserve the full spectrum of biological activities.

  • How Chain Transfer Leads to a Uniform Polymer Particle Morphology and Prevents Reactor Fouling
    • Lidia Jasińska-Walc
    • Rob Duchateau
    • Miloud Bouyahyi
    • Joey Aarts
    • Amin Syed
    • Erik Delsman
    2021 Full text MACROMOLECULES

    ABSTRACT: The effect of adding diethyl zinc as a chain transfer agent during the polymerization of propylene in heptane performed at 80 °C was studied. Although it was expected that the chain transfer would stop after precipitation of the polymer, the polymer molecular weight continued to increase throughout the whole of the polymerization. The presence of diethyl zinc had an additional effect that the polymerizations were devoid of reactor fouling. To unravel this phenomenon, the polymer particle morphology was studied. Under the conditions applied, surprisingly, uniform platelet-shaped polymer particles were formed. At high polymer content, these particles aggregate into microfibrillar structures consisting of nematic columnar strands of the same uniform platelets. The polymer particle morphology, as a result of controlled crystallization, is believed to play a crucial role in preventing reactor fouling.

  • How Do Ionic Liquids Affect the Surface Structure of Titania Photocatalyst? An Electron-Trap Distribution-Analysis Study
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Anna Pancielejko
    • Guangyi Chen
    • Mai Takashima
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Bunsho Ohtani
    2021 Full text Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    Titanium(IV) oxide, titania, photocatalyst particles were prepared from titanium alkoxide in the presence of several kinds of ionic liquids, and it was clarified that a group of samples exhibited photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under the irradiation of light of wavelength >400 nm higher than those of the other group of samples. Although the conventional structural analytical results could not be related to the activity, electron-trap distribution measured by reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy suggested that a part of the ionic liquid induced the creation of a surface amorphous layer covered with hydrophobic organic residues to enhance the adsorption of phenol on the surface.

  • How Machine Learning Contributes to Solve Acoustical Problems
    • Marie A. Roch
    • Peter Gerstoft
    • Bożena Kostek
    • Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou
    2021 Full text Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

    Machine learning is the process of learning functional relationships between measured signals (called percepts in the artificial intelligence literature) and some output of interest. In some cases, we wish to learn very specific relationships from signals such as identifying the language of a speaker (e.g. Zissman, 1996) which has direct applications such as in call center routing or performing a music information retrieval task (Schedl et al., 2014). Alternatively, we may be interested in an exploratory analysis, such as discovering relationships between animal-produced sounds and potential call categories that may carry signaling information (e.g. Sainburg et al., 2020). Machine learning can be used to discover information about the physical world such as determining the distance to a source based on pressure levels in a vertical line array (Niu et al., 2017) or solving inversion problems to find geoacoustic parameters of a seabed (Benson et al., 2000). In this article, we provide a gentle, and hopefully intuitive introduction to machine learning with only a limited number of examples and techniques. For readers who wish to read a more detailed introduction, we recommend the recently published review by Bianco et al. (2019) that focuses on machine learning and acoustics, or one of the many excellent book-length treatments of machine learning (e.g. Bishop, 2006; Goodfellow et al., 2016; Hastie et al., 2009).

  • Human awareness versus Autonomous Vehicles view: comparison of reaction times during emergencies
    • Aleksander Rydzewski
    • Paweł Czarnul
    2021

    Human safety is one of the most critical factors when a new technology is introduced to the everyday use. It was no different in the case of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), designed to replace generally available Conventional Vehicles (CV) in the future. AV rules, from the start, focus on guaranteeing safety for passengers and other road users, and these assumptions usually work during normal traffic conditions. However, there is still a problem with proper reaction time to sudden, dangerous and unexpected scenarios like a running animal on a rural road during the night. In this paper, we compare human and AV responses to sudden scenarios and accidents. As the AV topic can be analyzed as an ICT system, we review modern sensors, computer architectures and algorithms designed for this type of problems. Beside regular analysis, we also show which algorithms can run simultaneously and if vehicles have proper tools to guarantee safety during regular system delays. As a final result, we present a diagram which depicts Autonomous Vehicle logic and allows to identify bottlenecks. Additionally, the analysis shows how different refresh rates and algorithm execution times can affect the braking distance thus safety of other road users.

  • Human Centric Lighting w miejscach pracy
    • Natalia Sokół
    2021 Full text Architektura-Murator

    Wyniki badań wskazują na poszerzenie zakresu efektów odziaływania światła dziennego na człowieka od komfortu pracy wzrokowej po jakość snu, czujność, nastrój, wydajność i stan zdrowia [1]. Ta złożoność wiąże się z nakładami finansowymi ponoszonymi przez społeczeństwo na badania, ale również na tworzenie optymalnego środowiska oświetleniowego w miejscach pracy. HCL to termin, który wywołuje wiele dyskusji w branży oświetleniowej. Jest to koncept projektowania we wnętrzach dynamicznego oświetlenia elektrycznego, które symuluje to naturalne, a zwłaszcza jego zmienność, jeśli chodzi o temperaturę barwową, poziomy natężenia oraz czas ekspozycji. W literaturze HCL opisuje się jako ideę oświetlenia skutecznego biologicznie (bioefektywnego) czy biologicznie spersonalizowanego. Zgodnie z wynikami najnowszych badań naukowych, które wskazują, że oświetlenie elektryczne we wnętrzach powinno dynamicznie i synergicznie zmieniać się w zależności od charakterystyki wpadającego do nich

  • Hybrid energy storage forelectric multiple units to operate at the partially electrified line Gdynia -Hel
    • Dariusz Karkosiński
    • Paweł Stromski
    • Natalia Karkosińska-Brzozowska
    2021 Full text Pojazdy Szynowe

    The article presents calculations enabling the selection of an on-board energy storage device to replace diesel-powered trains with modern storage multiple units on the example railway line Gdynia Główna -Hel. The pioneering and currently used storage electric multiple units, mainly in Europe, were presented. The condensed results of the inventory of the line in question, including the technical condition of the stations of the non-electrified line 213 Reda -Hel, are included. Moreover, an analysis of the terrain pos-sibilities of building new passing loops aimed at increasing the capacity of line 213 is presented. The cal-culations of the theoretical passage and energy demand of the storage train unit on the non-electrified part of the analyzed route are presented. The results of the calculations were used to select the on-board energy storage consisting of batteries and supercapacitors.

  • Hybrid metal and non-metal activation of Oxone by magnetite nanostructures co-immobilized with nano-carbon black to degrade tetracycline: Fenton and electrochemical enhancement with bio-assay
    • Reza Darvishi
    • Masumeh Naderi
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Sahand Jorfi
    • Alireza Khataee
    2021 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    Electrochemically synthesized magnetite nanostructures (ESMNPs) as a metal activator and nano-carbon black (NCB) as a non-metal activator were co-immobilized by alginate natural polymer to activate Oxone for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic. The formation of sulfate radical was indirectly confirmed during the Oxone/ESMNPs/NCB/alginate process via the addition of scavenging compounds. This study revealed the high reusability potential of the ESMNPs/NCB/alginate with a negligible decrease in the degradation rate from 5.7 × 10−2 to 4.9 × 10−2 min−1 after four experimental runs. The release of iron ions into the effluent did not violate its discharge standard, indicating high stability of the catalyst due to the co-immobilization. The enhanced degradation rate of 6.7 × 10−2 min−1 was observed under basic conditions. Both Fenton (7.9 × 10−2 min−1) and electrochemical (7.7 × 10−2 min−1) processes improved the degradation effectiveness at hydrogen peroxide concentration of 30 mM and current density of 100 mA, respectively. Response surface methodological optimization of the bio-assessment was also performed. Accordingly, the optimized TC concentration of 68 mg/L, Oxone concentration of 1.6 mM and exposure time of 60 min resulted in the minimum inhibition percent (%) of 15.8%. Confirmatory real experiments demonstrated the results of numerical optimization. Possible degradation pathways along with the ECOSAR-based bioassay of the intermediates were also proposed.

  • Hydration of Simple Model Peptides in Aqueous Osmolyte Solutions
    • Aneta Panuszko
    • Maciej Pieloszczyk
    • Anna Kuffel
    • Karol Jacek
    • Karol Biernacki
    • Sebastian Demkowicz
    • Janusz Stangret
    • Piotr Bruździak
    2021 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    The biology and chemistry of proteins and peptides are inextricably linked with water as the solvent. The reason for the high stability of some proteins or uncontrolled aggregation of others may be hidden in the properties of their hydration water. In this study, we investigated the effect of stabilizing osmolyte–TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) and destabilizing osmolyte–urea on hydration shells of two short peptides, NAGMA (N-acetyl-glycine-methylamide) and diglycine, by means of FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We isolated the spectroscopic share of water molecules that are simultaneously under the influence of peptide and osmolyte and determined the structural and energetic properties of these water molecules. Our experimental and computational results revealed that the changes in the structure of water around peptides, caused by the presence of stabilizing or destabilizing osmolyte, are significantly different for both NAGMA and diglycine. The main factor determining the influence of osmolytes on peptides is the structural-energetic similarity of their hydration spheres. We showed that the chosen peptides can serve as models for various fragments of the protein surface: NAGMA for the protein backbone and diglycine for the protein surface with polar side chains.

  • Hydrogen Bonds in Blends of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Poly(N-ethylacrylamide) Homopolymers, and Carboxymethyl Cellulose
    • Alberto García-Peñas
    • Weijun Liang
    • Saud Hashmi
    • Gaurav Sharma
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Florian J. Stadler
    2021 Full text Journal of Composites Science

    Recently, it was reported that the physical crosslinking exhibited by some biopolymers could provide multiple benefits to biomedical applications. In particular, grafting thermoresponsive polymers onto biopolymers may enhance the degradability or offer other features, as thermothickening behavior. Thus, different interactions will affect the different hydrogen bonds and interactions from the physical crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose, the lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), and the presence of the ions. This work focuses on the study of blends composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-ethylacrylamide), and carboxymethyl cellulose in water and water/methanol. The molecular features, thermoresponsive behavior, and gelation phenomena are deeply studied. The ratio defined by both homopolymers will alter the final properties and the gelation of the final structures, showing that the presence of the hydrophilic groups modifies the number and contributions of the diverse hydrogen bonds.

  • Hydrological responses to large-scale changes in land cover of river watershed: Review
    • Hadi Muhammed
    • Andam Mustafa
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    2021 Full text Journal of Water and Land Development

    Despite many studies on the hydrological responses to forest cover changes in micro and mesoscale watersheds, the hydrological responses to forest cover alterations and associated mechanisms through the large spatial scale of the river watershed have not been comprehensively perceived. This paper thus reviews a wide range of available scientific evidence concerning the impacts exerted by the forest removal on precipitation, water yield, stream flow, and flow regimes. It is concluded that there is no statistical correlation between forest cover and precipitation and water yield at the micro and mesoscale. In contrast, there is a relative correlation coefficient (r = 0.77, p < 0.05) between forest cover and water yield at large scales (>1000 km2). These findings help our understanding of the hydrological response to forest disturbance at large and regional scale and provide a scientific perception to future watershed management in the context of human activities and natural hazards.

  • Hydrothermal Cobalt Doping of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes towards Photoanode Activity Enhancement
    • Mariusz Wtulich
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Grzegorz Gajowiec
    • Maria Gazda
    • Kacper Jurak
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
    2021 Full text Materials

    Doping and modification of TiO2 nanotubes were carried out using the hydrothermal method. The introduction of small amounts of cobalt (0.1 at %) into the structure of anatase caused an increase in the absorption of light in the visible spectrum, changes in the position of the flat band potential, a decrease in the threshold potential of water oxidation in the dark, and a significant increase in the anode photocurrent. The material was characterized by the SEM, EDX, and XRD methods, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and UV-Vis reflectance measurements. Electrochemical measurement was used along with a number of electrochemical methods: chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry in dark conditions and under solar light illumination. Improved photoelectrocatalytic activity of cobalt-doped TiO2 nanotubes is achieved mainly due to its regular nanostructure and real surface area increase, as well as improved visible light absorption for an appropriate dopant concentration

  • Ice Load Characteristics on Floating Photovoltaic Platform
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    • Dariusz Gąsiorowski
    • Parisa Radan
    2021 Full text ENERGIES

    Nowadays, based upon human needs and preferring perpetual types of energy, photovoltaic system (PV) is a suitable alternative and more frequently used in northern countries, which are recently more attracted by solar power. The new floating type of the structure is installed in the water bodies instead of land. One of the main elements in floating photovoltaic structures is the forces imposed on the panels. In the northern regions, the dominant load is considered to be ice interaction with the structure. This study aims at identifying the loads imposed on a floating PV structure located in the Łapino Reservoir on the Radunia River, which are produced by the wind action on the ice cover. The wind velocity varying between 10 and 26 m/s is implemented, and also the reduction of the pool level was studied. Wind direction plays an important role in the inclination and expansion of ice accumulation. Moreover, the magnitude of wind velocity is a determinative factor in the maximum thickness emerged in various spot of the area. Changes in pool level reduction is not able to cause noticeable changes in ice cover expansion and maximum ice thickness. Additionally, the shoving mechanism is able to originate abrupt changes in ice thickness by means of rising wind velocity

  • ICT, financial markets and their impact on firms’ performance and internationalisation
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2021

    The effects of information and communication technology (ICT) and financial development on growth are highly debated in the literature. Motivated by previous studies and their mixed results, in this study, we propose an analysis to re-examine the ICT-finance puzzle. We go beyond country-specific or sector-specific studies and conduct cross-country analysis with firm-level data. It enables obtaining a broad picture of the ICT-finance-growth nexus. Importantly, our analysis takes into account enterprises from emerging and transformation economies. This study aims threefold. First, we want to answer the question whether the usage of ICT and easier access to financial resources (lower finance constraints) are among the crucial determinants of firms’ performance (labour productivity). The second aim is to examine what the main determinants of firms’ involvement in internationalisation processes are and to what extent the usage of ICT and access to financial resources determine a company’s decision to enter foreign markets. This part of the analysis is rooted in Melitz (2003) model where firms’ heterogeneity is taken into account. Finally, we look more closely at the performance of enterprises during coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).

  • Identification of Fast Time-varying Communication Channels Using the Preestimation Technique
    • Maciej Niedźwiecki
    • Artur Gańcza
    • Piotr Kaczmarek
    2021 Full text IFAC-PapersOnLine

    Accurate identification of stochastic systems with fast-varying parameters is a challenging task which cannot be accomplished using model-free estimation methods, such as weighted least squares, which assume only that system coefficients can be regarded as locally constant. The current state-of-the-art solutions are based on the assumption that system parameters can be locally approximated by a linear combination of appropriately chosen basis functions. The paper shows that tracking performance of the resulting local basis function estimation algorithms can be further improved by means of regularization. The method is illustrated by an important recent application - identification of fast time-varying acoustic channels used in underwater communication.

  • Identification of novel halogenated naturally occurring compounds in marine biota by high-resolution mass spectrometry and combined screening approaches
    • Lidia Belova
    • Yukiko Fujii
    • Paulien Cleys
    • Monika Śmiełowska
    • Koichi Haraguchi
    • Adrian Covaci
    2021 Full text ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

    Marine animals, plants or bacteria are a source of bioactive naturally-occurring halogenated compounds (NHCs) such as bromophenols (BPs), bromoanisoles (BAs) and hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs) and bromobiphenyls (HO-BBs, MeO-BBs). This study applied a comprehensive screening approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and combining target, suspect and non-target screening with the aim to identify new hydroxylated NHCs which might be missed by commonly applied gas chromatographic methods. 24 alga samples, 4 sea sponge samples and 7 samples of other invertebrates were screened. Target screening was based on 19 available reference standards of BPs, (di)OH-BDEs and diOH-BBs and yielded seven unequivocally identified compounds. 6OH-BDE47 was the most frequently detected compound with a detection frequency of 31%. Suspect screening yielded two additional compounds identified in alga samples as well as 17 and 8 compounds identified in sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp., respectively. The suspect screening results presented here confirmed the findings of previous studies conducted on sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. Additionally, in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. 13 and 4 newly identified NHCs are reported including heptabrominated diOH-BDE, monochlorinated pentabrominated diOH-BDE, hexabrominated OH–MeO-BDE and others. Non-target screening allowed the identification of 31 and 20 polyhalogenated compounds in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. samples, respectively. Based on the obtained fragmentation spectra, polybrominated dihydroxylated diphenoxybenzenes (diOH-PBDPBs), such as hepta-, octa- and nonabrominated diOH-BDPBs, could be identified in both species. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the environmental presence of OH-PBDPBs.

  • Identification of residual force in static load tests on instrumented screw displacement piles
    • Adam Krasiński
    • Mateusz Wiszniewski
    2021 Full text Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

    Occurrence of the so-called residual force of an unknown value significantly disturbs interpretation of static load tests performed on piles equipped with additional measuring instruments. Screw displacement piles are the piling technology in which the residual force phenomenon is very common. Its formation mechanism is closely related to the installation method of this type of piles, which initiates generation of negative pile skin friction without any additional external factors. Knowledge of the value and distribution of a residual force (trapped in a pile shaft before starting the load test) is a condition necessary for the proper interpretation of instrumented pile test results. In this article, a clear and easy-to-use method of residual force identification, based on the analysis of shaft deformations recorded during pile unloading is presented. The method was successfully verified on two pile examples and proved to be effective and practical.

  • Identification of synergistic and antagonistic actions of environmental pollutants: Bisphenols A, S and F in the presence of DEP, DBP, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl in three component mixtures
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Patrycja Lewandowska
    • Wen Liu
    • Michael Williams
    • Helgi B. Schiöth
    2021 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Ecosystems are facing increased pressure due to the emission of many classes of emerging contaminants. However, very little is known about the interactions of these pollutants, such as bisphenols (BPs), plasticizers or pharmaceuticals. By employing bioluminescent bacteria (Microtox assay), we were able to define interactions between selected emerging pollutants (namely BPA, BPS, BPF, BADGE, BADGE·2HCl, DEP, DBP) in ternary mixtures, at environmentally relevant concentration levels (down to as low as 1.89, 1.42, 3.08, and 0.326 μM for, respectively, BPA, BPF, BPS and BADGE·2HCl).Weprovide the first systematic analysis of bisphenols and phthalates in three component mixtures. Using this system, we performed toxicity modelling with concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches, followed by data interpretation using Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) evaluation. Interestingly, we mathematically and experimentally confirmed a novel synergy between BPA, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl. The synergy of BPA, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl is distinct, with both models suggesting these analytes have a similar mode of action (MOA).

  • Identifying and Mitigating the Negative Effects of Power in Organizations
    • Paweł Ziemiański
    2021 Full text Journal of Applied Social Science

    This article investigates the possible negative effects of power in organizations. It demonstrates how holding power may affect an individual’s perception of others, actions, and cognition. Ways in which power may have a detrimental effect on different aspects of a manager’s functioning within an organization, including building relationships, communication, and performance are analyzed. It is argued that individuals are unaware of these effects, and thus it is necessary to introduce methods of their diagnosis and countermeasures on the organizational level. In addition, negative phenomena associated with the power’s distribution among organizations’ units and its structural aspects are analyzed. A set of questions is proposed, which can be used by individuals and organizations to reveal the extent to which adverse effects of power are present in an organization. These inquiries can be used to design and introduce specific countermeasures and improve communications and the quality of interactions within organizations. Selected countermeasures are also proposed in the article.

  • IFE: NN-aided Instantaneous Pitch Estimation
    • Marek Blok
    • Jan Banaś
    • Mariusz Pietrołaj
    2021 Full text

    Pitch estimation is still an open issue in contemporary signal processing research. Nowadays, growing momentum of machine learning techniques application in the data-driven society allows for tackling this problem from a new perspective. This work leverages such an opportunity to propose a refined Instantaneous Frequency and power based pitch Estimator method called IFE. It incorporates deep neural network based pitch estimation with audio front end used for extraction of instantaneous frequency and power of signal components. A thorough results analysis is performed and major advantages and shortcomings of this method are identified, leading to a wide array of suggestions for future improvement While IFE exhibits an instantaneous temporal resolution, a comparison is made against state-of-the-art pitch estimators operating on time windows, proving a comparable degree of prediction accuracy (up to 6% accuracy improvement) while maintaining the advantage of higher temporal resolution.

  • Image-based numerical modeling of the tensile deformation behavior and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V diamond lattice structures
    • M. Doroszko
    • A. Falkowska
    • Andrzej Seweryn
    2021 Full text MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING

    This work concerns the numerical modeling of the deformation process and mechanical properties of structures obtained by the additive method laser power bed fusion (LPBF). The investigation uses diamond structures of Ti–6Al–4V titanium implantation alloy with various relative densities. To model the process of tensile deformation of the materials, geometric models were used, mapping the realistic shape of the examined structures. To recreate the geometry of the samples, computed tomography (CT) and microtomography (micro-CT) were used, which allowed to obtain two accuracy levels of the mapping details of the investigated structures shape. Taking into account the nonlinearity of the material in the computational model makes it possible to model the deformation process of cellular materials until the fracture initiation. On the basis of the performed calculations using the finite element method (FEM), the stress and strain distributions in deformed structures were obtained and analyzed. The relationship between the shape of cellular structures and their effective mechanical properties on a macroscopic scale was investigated. The influence of the accuracy of the structures shape mapping on their strength properties and stress and strain distributions was also described. On the basis of the conducted research, fracture initiation localizations in titanium cellular structures were indicated. Finally, the results of the numerical calculations were verified by experimental tests.

  • Imaging of Increasing Damage in Steel Plates Using Lamb Waves and Ultrasound Computed Tomography
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Magdalena Rucka
    2021 Full text Materials

    This paper concerns inspection of steel plates, with particular emphasis on the assessment of in-creasing damage. Non-destructive tests were performed on four plates, one of which was un-damaged, while the remaining three had a defects in the form of circular holes with a diameter of 2, 5, and 10 cm. Guided Lamb waves were used in the research, and the image reconstruction was performed using ultrasound computed tomography. The damage size was estimated by tracking the real course of rays and densifying the pixel grid into which the object was divided. The re-sults showed the great potential of ultrasound tomography in detecting defects in steel elements, together with the possibility of estimating damage size.

  • Immersive Technologies that Aid Additive Manufacturing Processes in CBRN Defence Industry
    • Małgorzata Gawlik-Kobylińska
    • Paweł Maciejewski
    • Jacek Lebiedź
    • Alexander Kravcov
    2021 International Journal on Information Technologies and Security

    Testing unique devices or their counterparts for CBRN (C-chemical, B-biological, R-radiological, N-nuclear) defense relies on additive manufacturing processes. Immersive technologies aid additive manufacturing. Their use not only helps understand the manufacturing processes, but also improves the design and quality of the products. This article aims to propose an approach to testing CBRN reconnaissance hand-held products developed by additive manufacturing. According to the approach, tactical training with the use of the 3D object or their printed versions can be helpful in military products development by providing data on user experience. Training for testing can enhance their quality regarding intuitiveness and easiness in use. It can be concluded that the fast-evolving technological landscape requires novel approaches in developing and testing military products.

  • IMMIGRANTY IZ STRAN BYVSHEGO SSSR I POL'SKIY GOSUDARSTVENNYY INTERES
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2021

    Пребывание иммигрантов из государств бывшего СССР в Польше регулируется положениями международного, европейского и национального права. Соотношение между въехавшими в Польшу на постоянное место жительства и выехавшими из нее в 2004- 2015 гг. было отрицательным, только в 2016 г. в Польшу прибыло больше мигрантов, чем уехало из нее. В 2004 г. иммигранты из государств бывшего СССР составляли 61% общего количества иммигрантов, въехавших в Польшу для проживания на постоянной основе, тогда как в 2016 г. – 54,6%. Наиболее многочисленная группа иммигрантов прибывала в страну на определенное время для работы или учебы. Вплоть до 2017 г. больше половины граждан стран бывшего СССР устраивались на работу нелегально. Однако ситуация изменилась после принятия 20 июля 2017 г. поправок в Закон о содействии занятости и организациях рынка труда. Иностранцы, приезжающие из Армении, Белоруссии, Грузии, Молдавии, России и Украины, могут воспользоваться упрощенной процедурой доступа к рынку труда для устройства на работу на краткосрочный период. Согласно поправкам в закон, наряду с разрешениями на работу, которые выдает воевода на срок до трех лет, было введено разрешение на сезонную работу, выдаваемое старостой на срок до девяти месяцев в течение календарного года. В этот период у работодателей существенно возросла потребность в рабочей силе с востока, особенно в работниках с Украины. Рост числа иностранцев на польском рынке труда – это также вызов полякам, возвращающимся на родину из Великобритании. Сложно однозначно определить, сколько поляков вернется насовсем и найдут ли они работу, соответствующую их знаниям и полученному опыту, а также в какой степени они будут вынуждены конкурировать с иммигрантами из государств бывшего СССР

  • Impact of AI-Based Tools and Urban Big Data Analytics on the Design and Planning of Cities
    • Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
    2021 Full text Land

    Wide access to large volumes of urban big data and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools allow performing new analyses that were previously impossible due to the lack of data or their high aggregation. This paper aims to assess the possibilities of the use of urban big data analytics based on AI-related tools to support the design and planning of cities. To this end, the author introduces a conceptual framework to assess the influence of the emergence of these tools on the design and planning of the cities in the context of urban change. In this paper, the implications of the application of artificial-intelligence-based tools and geo-localised big data, both in solving specific research problems in the field of urban planning and design as well as on planning practice, are discussed. The paper is concluded with both cognitive conclusions and recommendations for planning practice. It is directed towards urban planners interested in the emerging urban big data analytics based on AI-related tools and towards urban theorists working on new methods of describing urban change

  • Impact of digital technologies on reliability of risk forecasting models - case study of enterprises in three global financial market regions
    • Tomasz Korol
    2021

    This chapter focuses on the evaluation of impact of ICT on reliability of financial risk forecasting models. Presented study shows how the development of ICT can improve the effectiveness of such models. Determining a firm’s financial risk is one of the most interesting topics for investors and decision-makers. The multifaceted goal of the presented research is to separately estimate five traditional statistical and five soft computing models for enterprises in Far-East Asia, Europe and Latin America (together with offering 30 different forecasting models) and to identify the most effective method for predicting the financial failure of enterprises in the short-, medium- and long-term for firms in each region. A further goal is to evaluate which method is characterized by the smallest decrease of effectiveness in increasing the forecast horizon. Thus it will allow to compare the behavior of traditional and the latest IT techniques. This study is one of the first attempts in the literature to estimate a bankruptcy forecasting model using such a wide range of methods and focusing on enterprises in three different financial markets.

  • Impact of dyes isomerization effect on the charge transfer phenomenon occurring on the dye/nanosemiconductor interface
    • Oleksandr Korolevych
    • Maciej Zalas
    • Waldemar Stampor
    • Abdel Hadi Kassiba
    • Małgorzata Makowska-janusik
    2021 SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS

    The present work aimed to find the answer how does the isomerization of the Ru based dyes affect the overall photon-to-current efficiency of the DSSCs and to explain the charge transfer phenomenon occurring on the dye/ nanosemiconductor interface. Therefore, electronic and optical properties of three bipyridine derivatives anchored on the TiO2 electrode were investigated by computational simulations based on quantum chemistry codes performed on a cluster model and the predictions compared with experimental responses. The quantum chemical calculations carried out for the para-, meta- and ortho-isomers has given the possibility to explain the role of an anchor group position in the DSSC devices design. An in-depth analysis of the obtained data shows that the nature of the bonding between the anchor groups and the semiconducting nanoparticles affects the charge transfer at the interfaces. The electronic properties obtained for the hybrid systems and their components indicate that solar cells with the para-derivatives of the Ru based dyes as sensitizers exhibit the highest photo conversion efficiency. The observed phenomenon was explained based on the photogenerated excitons in the organic groups and their dissociation at the dye/semiconductor interfaces to ensure the free charge carriers

  • Impact of Geometrical Imperfections on Estimation of Buckling and Limit Loads in a Silo Segment Using the Vibration Correlation Technique
    • Łukasz Żmuda-Trzebiatowski
    • Piotr Iwicki
    2021 Full text Materials

    The paper examines effectiveness of the vibration correlation technique which allows determining the buckling or limit loads by means of measured natural frequencies of structures. A steel silo segment with a corrugated wall, stiffened with cold-formed channel section columns was analysed. The investigations included numerical analyses of: linear buckling, dynamic eigenvalue and geometrically static non-linear problems. Both perfect and imperfect geometries were considered. Initial geometrical imperfections included first and second buckling and vibration mode shapes with three amplitudes. The vibration correlation technique proved to be useful in estimating limit or buckling loads. It was very efficient in the case of small and medium imperfection magnitudes. The significant deviations between the predicted and calculated buckling and limit loads occurred when large imperfections were considered.

  • Impact of the Alkyl Side Chains of Cations and Anions on the Activity and Renaturation of Lysozyme: A Systematic Study Performed Using Six Amino‐Acid‐Based Ionic Liquids
    • Paulina Rakowska
    • Adam Kloskowski
    2021 ChemistrySelect

    The impact of the structure of ionic liquid on the activity and renaturation of lysozyme from the hen egg white (HEWL) was investigated. A set of six ionic liquids based on morpholinium cation and N-acylated amino acids as anions were exploited. The matrix used was based on two homologous series: one with N-acetyl-L-valinate [Val] as a common anion and morpholinium cation with a different number of carbon atoms in the n-alkyl chain (n=2, 4, 6, 8); and second, a common N-butyl-N-methylmorpholinium cation and different N-acylated amino acids. Interactions of ionic liquids with HEWL were explored by analyzing the changes in the activity of the enzyme based on the rate of hydrolysis of a β-1,4-glycosidic bond between components of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of Micrococcus luteus bacteria. The results demonstrated various mechanisms of interaction of cations and anions with HEWL, and hence, different trends in the association between the number of carbon atoms and the given property.

  • Impact response of novel layered two stage fibrous composite slabs with different support type
    • R. Rithanyaa
    • G. Murali
    • M.p. Salaimanimagudam
    • Roman Fediuk
    • Hakim Abdelgader
    • A. Siva
    2021 Structures

    The performance of novel Layered Two Stage Fibrous Composite slabs (LTSFC) was pioneered under falling mass collisions using a combined experimental and numerical study. Such LTSFC slabs consist of three layers with and without the insertion of glass fibre mesh between the layers. LTSFC techniques were used to fabricate the composite slabs with three layers including 3%, 1.5%, and 3% of fibre content for the top, middle, and bottom layers respectively. Sixteen MLPAFC square slabs were cast with only short hooked end fibres and tested under falling mass collisions by amending two parameters namely the type of support (fixed and hinge) and support layout. Two distinct support layouts on two types of support were considered and tested with and without the glass fibre mesh between layers of LTSFC. A glass fibre mesh was introduced between the three layers to block crack growth propagation and absorb additional collision energy. The glass fibre mesh insertion between the layers and the LTSFC production technique were considered as novel modifications. A numerical study using Auto desk Fusion 360 was conducted and compared with experimental results. The numerical results showed fair agreement with the experimental test results. Based on the validated numerical models, collision energy and cracking pattern evolution were studied. The findings indicated that the glass fibre mesh insertion between the layers combined with steel fibres disrupted crack proliferation, thus exhibiting superior engrossed collision energy and postponing crack growth. Additionally, the engrossed collision energy at crack initiation and ultimate crack for the slabs with four sides fixed and hinged support were greater with respect to two opposite sides fixed and hinged support. Numerical values were in reasonable agreement with the experimental values in terms of collision energy and cracking patterns.

  • imPlatelet classifier: image‐converted RNA biomarker profiles enable blood‐based cancer diagnostics
    • Krzysztof Pastuszak
    • Anna Supernat
    • Myron G Best
    • Sjors In ‘t Veld
    • Sylwia Łapińska‐Szumczyk
    • Anna Łojkowska
    • Robert Różański
    • Anna Żaczek
    • Jacek Jassem
    • Thomas Würdinger
    • Tomasz Stokowy
    2021 Full text Molecular Oncology

    Liquid biopsies offer a minimally invasive sample collection, outperforming traditional biopsies employed for cancer evaluation. The widely used material is blood, which is the source of tumor-educated platelets. Here, we developed the imPlatelet classifier, which converts RNA-sequenced platelet data into images in which each pixel corresponds to the expression level of a certain gene. Biological knowledge from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes was also implemented to improve accuracy. Images obtained from samples can then be compared against standard images for specific cancers to determine a diagnosis. We tested imPlatelet on a cohort of 401 non-small cell lung cancer patients, 62 sarcoma patients and 28 ovarian cancer patients. imPlatelet provided excellent discrimination between lung cancer cases and healthy controls, with accuracy equal to 1 in the independent dataset. When discriminating between non-cancer cases and sarcoma or ovarian cancer patients, accuracy equaled 0.91 or 0.95, respectively, in the independent datasets. According to our knowledge, this is the first study implementing an image-based deep-learning approach combined with biological knowledge to classify human samples. The performance of imPlatelet considerably exceeds previously published methods and our own alternative attempts of sample discrimination. We show that the deep-learning image-based classifier accurately identifies cancer, even when a limited number of samples is available.

  • Implementacja wykrywalnych usług typu REST na platformie Jakarta EE
    • Michał Wójcik
    2021

    Niniejszy rozdział przedstawia propozycję w jaki sposób może być realizowana implementacja wykrywalnych usług sieciowych opartych na stylu architektonicznym REST na platformie Jakarta EE. Zostały tutaj przedstawione zarówno podstawy teoretyczne niezależne od zastosowanej platformy technologicznej, jak i szczegóły implementacji w technologii JAX-RS wchodzącej w skład platformy Jakarta EE. W szczególności zostały tutaj przedstawione sposoby poprawnego budowania hierarchicznego API zgodnie z modelem dojrzałości Richardsona jak i techniki opisywania reprezentacji zwracanej przez usługi sieciowe zgodnie ograniczeniem HATEOAS i językiem opisu HAL. Wszystkie aspekty teoretyczne poruszane w rozdziale zostały poparte praktyczną implementacją dostępną publicznie w postaci repozytorium kodu opartego na systemie kontroli wersji Git.

  • Implementation of Coprocessor for Integer Multiple Precision Arithmetic on Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC
    • Tomasz Stefański
    • Kamil Rudnicki
    • Wojciech Żebrowski
    2021

    Recently, we have opened the source code of coprocessor for multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). In this contribution, the implementation and benchmarking results for this MPA coprocessor are presented on modern Zynq Ultrascale+ multiprocessor system on chip, which combines field-programmable gate array with quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 64-bit central processing unit (CPU). In our benchmark, a single coprocessor can be up to 4.5 times faster than a single CPU core within the same chip emulating MPA using a software library.