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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Analysis of the relationship between cutting forces and local structural properties of Scots pine wood aided by computed tomography
    • Yunbo Huang
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Dietrich Buck
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Magnus Fredriksson
    • Mikael Svensson
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    X-ray computed tomography (CT) is utilised in some sawmills today, primarily for enhancing value yield and for process automation, which includes log sorting and sawing optimisation. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of recent research utilising CT to assess the local cutting process. As a preliminary study, this paper addresses this gap by using CT to investigate the connections between local cutting force and local wood properties including density, knots, and annual ring width. Workpieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), from Sweden and Poland, were CT-scanned in laboratory conditions. Quasi-linear cutting tests were then performed on both clear and knotty regions of the workpieces using a custom-made laboratory stand with a Stellite-tipped tooth mounted on piezoelectric sensors. It was found that density infuences cutting forces for both clear and knotty wood, and this efect increased noticeably with increasing uncut chip thickness. Changes in wood density, such as between sapwood and heartwood or between clear wood and knot, caused dynamic changes in cutting forces and temporary disturbances to the stability of the system. Normalisation of cutting forces by local density allowed the conclusion that density is not the only property afecting cutting forces. Other structural properties, e.g. annual ring width and latewood–earlywood proportion may afect the cutting process as well, which requires deeper analysis in the future research. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of coupling CT data with cutting force measurements and suggests further research on the relationship between cutting force and wood properties.

  • Analytical progress on emerging pollutants in the environment: An overview of the topics
    • Jezrzy Falandysz
    • Guorui Liu
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    This overview discusses the ideas behind a collection of articles by invited authors on a diverse range of complex chemical mixtures and analytical methods which represent some of the most relevant and interesting issues on emerging contaminants of environmental health concerns. These chemicals, including those in high volume production, are released on an ongoing basis as a result of various human activities. Moreover, these emerging contaminants are highly toxic to humans and ubiquitous in the environment. The terms “environmental pollution" and “food web contaminant" became widely known from the first decades of the XX century and as a historical background, they have an early link to the agricultural use of mercury fungicides and DDT. Surprisingly for chemists and society, the 1960s saw the emergence of the global problem of environmental and food contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The environmental science paradigm has lost none of its importance in the meantime, although it has evolved to encompass a vast number of environmentally hazardous chemicals, many of which are termed as “emerging". To put it simply, air-water-soil/sediment are the first compartments affected and become reservoirs or sinks for environmental pollutants, the next is the food web, topped by the top animal predators and humans. Understanding the occurrence, environmental fate and biotoxicity of emerging contaminants is of interest to many areas of science.

  • Analyzing the relationship between sound, color, and emotion based on subjective and machine-learning approaches
    • Jelizaveta Kurilčik
    • Mateusz Połom
    • Marcin Jankowski
    • Olga Kozłowska
    • Aleksandra Łabich
    • Edyta Skiba
    • Patryk Spierewka
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    • Bożena Kostek
    2024 Full text

    The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between sound, color, and emotion. For this purpose, a survey application was prepared, enabling the assignment of a color to a given speaker’s/singer’s voice recordings. Subjective tests were then conducted, enabling the respondents to assign colors to voice/singing samples. In addition, a database of voice/singing recordings of people speaking in a natural way and with expressed emotion was prepared, where discrete colors were assigned in subjective tests. These data were used in a machine-learning approach that consisted in searching for the relationship between sound, color, and emotion. Analyses based on correlational analysis and learning algorithms were performed. It occurred that assigning values of naturally sounding and emotionally charged speech/singing parameters to colors (and their parameters) did not enable finding a correlation between the given voice, emotions, and color features. The machine learning model achieved high accuracy in the relation between the generated colors and the colors corresponding to the emotions in the literature and questionnaire results.

  • Angels drawing a picture JAPAN | INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    • Paulina Duch-Żebrowska
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Polskie dziedzictwo reprezentowane w pracach młodych uczestników z Polski dzięki powołaniu RWYC Poland i aktywnej działalności na polu edukacji powszechnej. Konkursy realizowane były jesienią 2023 roku w ramach międzynarodowego projektu pod auspicjami UNESCO – Reconnecting WIth Your Culture POLAND. W Japonii odbyły się 4 wystawy z udziałem prac uczestników z całego świata, w tym wybranych przez RWYC Poland. Lokalizacje wystaw japońskich: 2023 rok: Machida City Museum of Graphic Arts w Tokyo, 2024 rok: Koganei Miyajigakki Hole Citizens Gallery w Tokyo, Mitaka City Arts Centerw Tokyo, Sapporo Citizens Gallery w Sapporo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxn_TRmLxJw

  • angielski
    • Magda Dettlaff
    • Magdalena Lemańska
    • Adriana Roux
    2024 Full text Australasian Journal of Combinatorics

    A subset D of V (G) is a dominating set of a graph G if every vertex of V (G) − D has at least one neighbour in D; let the domination number γ(G) be the minimum cardinality among all dominating sets in G. We say that a graph G is γ-q-critical if subdividing any q edges results in a graph with domination number greater than γ(G) and there exists a set of q − 1 edges such that subdividing these edges results in a graph with domination number γ(G). In this paper we consider mainly γ-qcritical trees and give some general properties of γ-q-critical graphs; in particular, we characterize those trees T that are γ-(n(T) − 1)-critical. We also characterize γ-2-critical trees T with sd(T) = 2 and γ-3-critical trees T with sd(T) = 3, where the domination subdivision number sd(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of edges which must be subdivided (where each edge can be subdivided at most once) to construct a graph with domination number greater than γ(G).

  • Angiopoietin-like growth factor-derived peptides as biological activators of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
    • Adriana Schumacher
    • Piotr Mucha
    • Izabela Puchalska
    • Milena Deptula
    • Anna Wardowska
    • Agata Tymińska
    • Natalia Filipowicz
    • Alina Mieczkowska
    • Paweł Sachadyn
    • Arkadiusz Piotrowski
    • Michał Pikuła
    • Miroslawa Cichorek
    2024 Full text BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

    Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are an essential issue in modern medicine. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, including AD-MSCs, have specific properties (ability to differentiate into other cells, recruitment to the site of injury) of particular importance in the regenerative process. Ongoing research aims to elucidate factors supporting AD-MSC culture and differentiation in vitro. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), known for their pleiotropic effects in lipid and glucose metabolism, may play a significant role in this context. Regeneration is a complex and dynamic process controlled by many factors. ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-related growth factor, AGF), among many activities modulated the biological activity of stem cells. This study examined the influence of synthesized AGF-derived peptides, designated as AGF9 and AGF27, on AD-MSCs. AGF9 and AGF27 enhanced the viability and migration of AD-MSCs and acted as a chemotactic factor for these cells. AGF9 stimulated chondrogenesis and lipid synthesis during AD-MSCs differentiation, influenced AD-MSCs cytokine secretion and modulated transcriptome for such basic cell activities as migration, transport of molecules, and apoptosis. The ability of AGF9 to modulate the biological activity of AD-MSCs warrants the consideration of this peptide a noteworthy therapeutic agent that deserves further investigation for applications in regenerative medicine.

  • Anisotropy and compaction gradient assessment on rammed earth specimens through sonic tomography approach
    • J.d. Rodríguez-Mariscal
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • M. Solís
    2024 Full text ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    Rammed earth is a traditional construction technique that has recently gained attention because of its benefits from an ecological perspective. The conservation of the existing valuable cultural heritage sites and the quality control of new constructions built with this material require the development and application of practical inspection techniques. This paper explores the application of sonic tests and sonic tomography as practical tools for monitoring the state of conservation of existing structures and the identification of heterogeneities or damaged areas. Two groups of 6 rammed earth specimens were manufactured and tested. The manufacturing process of each group allowed the application of compression loads and the identification of the Sonic Wave Propagation Velocities along directions parallel and perpendicular to the compaction forces during manufacturing. The SWPV were identified for the different paths between 9 measuring points located at two opposite sides of the specimens, leading to up to 6 different planes for each specimen. The SWPV are identified by identifying the Time-of-Flight of the elastic wave between each pair of excitation and receiver points. A discretized coloured map of the SWPV distribution for each plane defined by the measurement points array is obtained by the application of an algorithm already developed by the authors to obtain tomographic images for other materials and applications. The SWPV are identified after 2 different increasing values of a uniform compressive load is applied to each specimen. The results show that the analysis of the SWPV and tomographic images is sensitive to heterogeneities, such as compaction gradients from the manufacturing process, and also to the accumulated damage in the solid. The paper demonstrates that the proposed technique can be potentially used for a qualitative inspection of the state of conservation of specific rammed earth constructions.

  • Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Battery
    • Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac
    • Alexander Kempf
    • Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
    2024

    There is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient, low-cost alternative to the now-ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A cheaper and less resource-critical sodium-ion battery (NIB) technology has recently gained much attention. Thus, there is also continuous research ongoing on stable, high-capacity anode materials for NIBs. Dependent on the mechanism of the electrochemical reaction, the negative electrode materials can be classified into three groups: insertion-based electrodes, alloy-based materials and conversion-type materials. Insertion compounds include soft and hard carbons as well as titanium-based oxides. The alloy-forming materials are represented by individual elements from group 14 and group 15, with Sn, Sb and P being the most prominent examples. The reaction within conversion-type materials involves the formation of new phases during sodiation that are usually structurally very different from the starting material. Transition metal oxides (Fe, Cu, and Ni) have been considered in this context due to their intrinsic stability and relative abundancy. The huge interest in the 2D materials gave rise to the layered chalcogenides, graphene, phosphorene and MX-enes as potential negative electrodes for NIBs. These classes of compounds will be described in this chapter considering their composition, structure, electrochemical performance, sustainability and cost.

  • Anomaly Detection in Railway Sensor Data Environments: State-of-the-Art Methods and Empirical Performance Evaluation
    • Michał Bałdyga
    • Kacper Barański
    • Jakub Belter
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    To date, significant progress has been made in the field of railway anomaly detection using technologies such as real-time data analytics, the Internet of Things, and machine learning. As technology continues to evolve, the ability to detect and respond to anomalies in railway systems is once again in the spotlight. However, railway anomaly detection faces challenges related to the vast infrastructure, dynamic conditions, aging infrastructure, and adverse environmental conditions on the one hand, and the scale, complexity, and critical safety implications of railway systems on the other. Our study is underpinned by the three objectives. Specifically, we aim to identify time series anomaly detection methods applied to railway sensor device data, recognize the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and evaluate their effectiveness. To address the research objectives, the first part of the study involved a systematic literature review and a series of controlled experiments. In the case of the former, we adopted well-established guidelines to structure and visualize the review. In the second part, we investigated the effectiveness of selected machine learning methods. To evaluate the predictive performance of each method, a five-fold cross-validation approach was applied to ensure the highest accuracy and generality. Based on the calculated accuracy, the results show that the top three methods are CatBoost (96%), Random Forest (91%), and XGBoost (90%), whereas the lowest accuracy is observed for One-Class Support Vector Machines (48%), Local Outlier Factor (53%), and Isolation Forest (55%). As the industry moves toward a zero-defect paradigm on a global scale, ongoing research efforts are focused on improving existing methods and developing new ones that contribute to the safety and quality of rail transportation. In this sense, there are at least four avenues for future research worth considering: testing richer data sets, hyperparameter optimization, and implementing other methods not included in the current study.

  • Antenna Optimization Using Machine Learning with Reduced-Dimensionality Surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Leifur Leifsson
    2024 Full text Scientific Reports

    In modern times, antenna design has become more demanding than ever. The escalating requirements for performance and functionality drive the development of intricately structured antennas, where parameters must be meticulously adjusted to achieve peak performance. Often, global adjustments to geometry are necessary for optimal results. However, direct manipulation of antenna responses evaluated with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models using conventional nature-inspired methods entails significant computational costs. Alternatively, surrogate-based techniques show promise but are impeded by dimensionality-related challenges and nonlinearity of antenna outputs. This study introduces an innovative technique for swiftly optimizing antennas. It leverages a machine learning framework with an infill criterion employing predicted enhancement of the merit function, utilizing a particle swarm optimizer as the primary search engine, and employs kriging for constructing the underlying surrogate model. The surrogate model operates within a reduced-dimensionality domain, guided by directions corresponding to maximum antenna response variability identified through fast global sensitivity analysis, tailored explicitly for domain determination. Operating within this reduced domain enables building dependable metamodels at a significantly lower computational cost. To address accuracy loss resulting from dimensionality reduction, the global optimization phase is supplemented by local sensitivity-based parameter adjustment. Extensive comparative experiments involving various planar antennas demonstrate the competitive operation of the presented technique over machine learning algorithms operating in full-dimensionality space and direct EM-driven bio-inspired optimization techniques.

  • Anticancer Study on IrIII and RhIII Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand
    • Mateusz Kowalik
    • Joanna Masternak
    • Mateusz Olszewski
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Jerzy Sitkowski
    • Aleksandra Dąbrowska
    • Agnieszka Chylewska
    • Mariusz Makowski
    2024 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Two non-platinum compounds, organometallic half-sandwich complexes [(η 5 -Cp)IrCl(L)]PF 6 (1) and [(η 5 -Cp)RhCl(L)]PF 6 (2) were prepared by treating pentamethylcyclopentadienyl chloride dimers of iridium(III) or rhodium(III) with the obtained 4-amino-N-(2,2'-bipyridin-5- yl)benzenesulfonamide ligand (L) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of ligand (L) and complexes 1 and 2 were obtained and then analyzed. Coordination reactions of the bipyridylsufonamide ligand (L) to the central ions were confirmed by UV- Vis, FT-IR, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N) spectroscopies, and stability study. Moreover, the interactions between the sulfaligand, Ir(III) and Rh(III) complexes with carbonic anhydrase (CA), human serum albumin (HSA) and also with CT-DNA have been investigated. Additionally, the reactivity of complexes toward GSH and NADH has been spectrophotometrically tested. A low affinity of complex 2 to GSH seems to be beneficial regarding its potential cytotoxic activity. The obtained compounds were then evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines from different origins: non-small cell lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF7, lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6, and a nonmalignant human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. It has been observed that the iridium(III) complex (1) was found to exhibit a lack of antiproliferative properties against the tested cancer cell lines. The sulfonamide ligand (L) and the rhodium(III) complex (2) were studied in detail for colon cancer HCT-116 cell line, and the detailed biological analysis was reported and discussed.

  • Applicability of edible Candelilla wax composite blended with Bryophyllumpinnatum extract to prolong shelf life of fruits/vegetables
    • Amber Fatima
    • Fatima Tahir
    • Ayesha Mohyuddin
    • Tabassum Munir
    • Sohail Nadeem
    • Mohsin Javed
    • Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
    • Hui Hwang Goh
    • Hussein Al-Hazmi
    • Faissal Aziz
    • Abdelkader Anouzla
    • Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
    2024 Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization

    Candelilla wax (CW) is a natural lipid source that can be used to make biodegradable and edible coatings and films for fruits. However, CW alone does not provide sufficient antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to prevent microbial spoilage and oxidative deterioration of fresh products. This study aims at evaluating the applicability of CW blended with Bryophyllum pinnatum extract (BPE), a plant with medicinal and phytochemical properties, to enhance the shelf life of fruits. CW and BPE were mixed at different ratios and applied as coatings on banana, cucumber, lemon, and apple. The coated fruits were stored at room temperature for several days and evaluated for weight loss (WL), pH, and physical appearance. The results showed that the edible CW coating mixed with B. pinnatum extract could extend the shelf-life of selected fruits by lowering their weight loss (WL), as compared to those without coating (p≤0.05; paired t-test). It was observed that % WL of banana was significantly higher in the control group than in the coated banana (p≤0.05; paired t-test) and that the highest WL (4.5%) was reached on the 4th day. The lowest WL (2.7%) was observed in the banana with edible coating with methanolic extract (ECME) formulation. The coating formed a complex layer that blocked the movement of H2O molecules through the selected fruits, preventing water loss. The smallest pH change was observed in the banana coated with the extract, indicating that the coating was suitable for extending the shell life of banana. Overall, CW enriched with BPE maintained the quality of their products for marketability.

  • Application of 3D scanning and computer simulation techniques to assess the shape accuracy of welded components
    • Marianna Jędrych
    • Damian Gorzkiewicz
    • Mariusz Deja
    • Marek Chodnicki
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    While traditional measurement methods prove to be insufficient when facing more complex shapes and intricate challenges, increasingly efficient solutions are emerging in their place. 3D scanners in particular exhibit versatility. They clearly represent a useful tool in many fields with diverse requirements; thus, it is advisable to explore further areas of their potential applications, e.g., in quality control or reverse engineering. During our research, measurements were carried out on 40 welded elements using a caliper and on 11 other elements using the HandySCAN 700 Elite device by Creaform. The research was conducted at different stages of production, between subsequent operations. In addition, in the absence of interoperative nominal dimensions, a welding process simulation was performed in the Simufact Welding software. The simulation results were compared with actual deformations measured using a 3D scanner. The research enabled identification of the causes of excessive deformations and provided the basis for comparing the caliper with a modern laser device. A particular advantage of the scanner was demonstrated for complex issues requiring high flexibility and precise documentation of full geometry. The caliper proved to be more efficient only for quick execution of single, simple measurements at specific places. Incorporating the simulation in the Simufact Welding software into the analysis, allowed for a more precise validation of the planned technology. This solution presents a promising alternative to nominal models, particularly valuable when measurements are conducted between subsequent operations. Further research in this area is also recommended to enhance proposed methodology

  • Application of commercial microwave links (CMLs) attenuation for quantitative estimation of precipitation
    • Magdalena Pasierb
    • Zofia Bałdysz
    • Jan Szturc
    • Grzegorz Nykiel
    • Anna Jurczyk
    • Katarzyna Ośródka
    • Mariusz Figurski
    • Marcin Wojtczak
    • Cezary Wojtkowski
    2024 Full text METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

    Precipitation estimation models are typically sourced by rain gauges, weather radars and satellite observations. A relatively new technique of precipitation estimation relies on the network of Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) employed for cellular communication networks: the rain-inducted attenuation in the links enables the precipitation estimation. In the paper, it is analysed to what extent the precipitation derived from CML attenuation data is useful in estimation of the precipitation field with the high temporal and spatial resolution required in nowcasting models. Two methods of determination of precipitation along CMLs from attenuation of signal with several frequencies were proposed. Then, in order to generate precipitation field, three approaches for assigning appropriate precipitation values to a specific point or set of pixels along the link are developed and tested. The CML-based estimates are compared with point observations from manual rain gauges and multi-source precipitation fields using daily and half-hourly accumulations. It was found that the CML-based precipitation fields are much worse than radar-derived estimates. At the same time, they had slightly poorer reliability than spatially interpolated telemetric rain gauge data and significantly higher reliability than satellite estimates. Furthermore, the impact of link characteristics, such as length and frequency, on the reliability of CML-based precipitation estimates is analysed.

  • Application of Galvanostatic Non-Linear Impedance Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Metallic Material Degradation
    • Paweł Ślepski
    • Husnu Gerengi
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Łukasz Gaweł
    2024 Materials

    This study presents a novel application of Non-Linear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (NLEIS) in galvanostatic mode for the rapid, non-destructive assessment of metal degradation. By using galvanostatic mode instead of traditional potentiostatic methods, polarization-related challenges are mitigated, enabling more accurate and reliable analysis. The technique allows for the determination of corrosion rates (corrosion current) and material susceptibility to oxidation (Tafel coefficient) through a single measurement with a modulated AC perturbation signal. Theoretical assumptions of the method were validated through tests on both a non-linear model system and an experimental system. The proposed research methodology is highly effective for monitoring the condition of metallic materials in various environments, covering both anodic and cathodic processes.

  • Application Of Generative Adversarial Network for Data Augmentation and Multiplication to Automated Cell Segmentation of the Corneal Endothelium
    • Karolina Nurzyńska
    • Krystian Jandy
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Full text

    Considering the automatic segmentation of the endothelial layer, the available data of the corneal endothelium is still limited to a few datasets, typically containing an average of only about 30 images. To fill this gap, this paper introduces the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to augment and multiply data. By using the ``Alizarine'' dataset, we train a model to generate a new synthetic dataset with over 513k images. A portion of this artificial dataset is then used to train a semantic segmentation model for endothelial layer segmentation and its performance is evaluated showing that in average the mean intersection over union for all datasets is equal to 81\%. In our opinion, the images of the endothelial layer, together with the corresponding masks generated by the GAN, effectively represent the desired data. The obtained results seem optimistic after visual inspection, since the segmentation is very precise.

  • Application of human bile salts for in vitro digestion models
    • Dorota Dulko
    2024 Full text

    In this study, experimental in vitro models simulating the environment of the human gastrointestinal tract were used to assess the impact of physiological surfactants, such as bile salts, on the kinetics of digestion. Bile salts are biosurfactants synthesised in the liver and secreted together with bile into the small intestine. There are many reports on the role of bile salts in lipolysis, but the knowledge of their influence on other nutrients, such as proteins, is very limited. The experiments I conducted included the comparison of a model system (individual bile salts) with real human bile (containing different concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids, and other substances) during in vitro lipolysis and proteolysis. Human bile samples were obtained in cooperation with a clinical hospital. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the effects of human bile on the digestion of a model food protein and lipid was performed. Moreover, for the first time, the currently used static in vitro digestion models were validated from the point of view of the physiological role of bile salts in the human digestive tract. In this respect, it has been demonstrated in vitro how the effect of human bile on the proteolysis and lipolysis can be reliably reproduced by applying mixtures of individual bile salt and phospholipids.

  • Application of multicriteria decision analysis to assess the greenness of molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis components
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Katarzyna Pokajewicz
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2024 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    The study applies multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank the components of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesis according to their greenness. The components are taken from papers that are describing synthesis of MIPs for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) sorbents. Functional monomers (n = 14), target/surrogate molecules (n = 10), porogens (n = 8), cross-linking agents (n = 8) and initiators (n = 4) are described with 10 criteria referring to their safety of application, toxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulability. The rankings are performed according to three scenarios, with the application of different weights. The ranking results give a specific guide on the selection of green synthesis components for polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as representatives of POPs, by identification of problematic and recommended chemicals. The results are useful in designing MIP synthesis protocols.

  • Application of quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic impedance spectroscopy to the study of copper corrosion inhibitors
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Hubert Kwiatkowski
    • Paweł Ślepski
    2024 Journal of Materials and Manufacturing

    The study investigates the application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) techniques to examine the corrosion inhibition of copper by Benzotriazole and Sodium Folate in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. DEIS, an advanced version of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), allows for real-time monitoring of non-stationary electrochemical systems, while EQCM enables the detection of minute mass changes during electrochemical reactions. Through 24-hour chronopotentiometric measurements, the study observed the effects of 5 mM Benzotriazole and 10 mM Sodium Folate on copper corrosion. Results indicated that Benzotriazole significantly enhances corrosion resistance by forming a protective layeron the copper surface, as evidenced by increased impedance and stable mass changes. Conversely, Sodium Folate exhibited a less effective, dynamic interaction with the copper surface. This research highlights the synergistic use of DEIS and EQCM in understanding corrosion mechanisms and inhibitor efficiency, providing insights into optimizing corrosion protection strategies. The findings suggest that whileboth inhibitors improve corrosion resistance, Benzotriazole demonstrates superior performance, underscoring its potential for more effective corrosion control in various industrial applications.

  • Application of the Flipped Learning Methodology at a Business Process Modelling Course – A Case Study
    • Marzena Grzesiak
    • Marek Moszyński
    2024

    Flipped learning has been known for a long time, but its modern use dates back to 2012, with the publication of Bergmann and Saams. In the last decade, it has become an increasingly popular learning method. Every year, the number of publications on implementing flipped learning experiments is growing, just as the amount of research on the effectiveness of this educational method. The aim of the article is to analyze the possibilities of using the flip blended methodology for teaching in the area of BPM. The pilot flipped learning course was implemented as a Business Process Modeling course addressed to Gda´nsk University of Technology students and the feedback from the course participants has been collected. Among the pre-class resources, PDF files (containing descriptions and screenshots of the relevant issue) and videos were most often used. The aim of this research was to gather students’ opinions on flipped learning and, based on these insights, to design well-founded changes. Many students did not point out the disadvantages of flipped learning. Still, some believe this method may be less effective than the traditional one. Based on the research results, a course redesign will be prepared according to the flipped learning framework.

  • Application of the Heavy-Atom Effect for (Sub)microsecond Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and an All-Organic Light-Emitting Device with Low-Efficiency Roll-off
    • Michał Mońka
    • Szymon Gogoc
    • Karol Kozakiewicz
    • Vladyslav Ievtukhov
    • Daria Grzywacz
    • Olga Ciupak
    • Aleksander Kubicki
    • Piotr Bojarski
    • Przemysław Data
    • Illia E. Serdiuk
    2024 Full text ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Thefeatureof abundantandenvironmentallyfriendlyheavyatoms(HAs)like bromineto acceleratespin-forbiddentransitionsin organicmoleculeshas beenknownforyears.In combinationwiththe easinessof incorporation,brominederivativesof organicemittersshowingthermallyactivateddelayedfluorescence(TADF)emergeas a cheapand efficientsolutionforthe slowreverseintersystemcrossing(rISC)problemin suchemittersand strongefficiencyroll-offof all-organiclight-emittingdiodes(OLEDs).Here,we presenta comprehensivephotophysicalstudyof atri-PXZ-TRZemitterreportedpreviouslyanditshexabromoderivativeshowinga remarkableenhancementof rISCof up to 9 timesand a shortlifetimeof delayedfluorescenceof 2μs. Analysisof the key molecularvibrationsand TADFmechanismindicatesalmostcompeteblockageof the spin-fliptransitionbetweenthe charge-transferstatesof differentmultiplicity3CT→1CT.In sucha case,rISCas well as its enhancementby the HA is realizedvia the3LE→1CT transition,where3LE is the tripletstatelocalizedon the samebrominatedphenoxazinedonorinvolvedin the formationof the1CT state.Interestingly,the spin−orbitcoupling(SOC)withtwo other3LE statesis negligiblebecausethey are localizedon differentdonorsand not involvedin1CT. Weconsiderthis as an exampleof an additional“localization”criterionthat completesthe well-knownEl Sayedrule on the differentnatureof statesfor nonzeroSOC.The applicativepotentialof sucha hexabromoemitteris testedin a “hyperfluorescent”systemcontaininga red fluorescentdopant(tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene,DBP)as an acceptorof Försterresonanceenergytransfer,affordinga narrow-bandred-emittingsystem,withmostof the emissionin the submicroseconddomain.In fact, the fabricatedredOLEDdevicesshowremarkableimprovementof efficiencyroll-offfrom2−4 timesdependingon the luminance,mostlybecauseofthe increaseof the rISCconstantrate and the decreaseof the overalldelayedfluorescencelifetimethanksto the HA effect.

  • APPLICATION OF VIBRATION SIGNALS IN RAILWAY TRACK DIAGNOSTICS USING A MOBILE RAILWAY PLATFORM
    • Roksana Licow
    • Franciszek Tomaszewski
    2024 Archives of Transport

    The article presents a comprehensive method for using vibration signals to diagnose railway tracks. The primary objective is to gather detailed information on track conditions through a passive experiment. This involves using mobile diagnostic tools and techniques to assess railway infrastructure. The article elaborates on the range of diagnostic activities conducted in accordance with detailed railway regulations and highlights the benefits and capabilities of mobile diagnostics in railway transport. The research includes mobile field measurements across the general railway manager’s network, employing vibration signals to detect and evaluate track conditions. The methodology section provides a thorough description of the mobile measurement rail platform, detailing the equipment used, the routes taken for measurements, and the processes of data acquisition and processing. The data obtained from these measurements is crucial for understanding the actual technical condition of the railway tracks. The method of obtaining and processing data is explained in relation to the real technical condition of the railway track. This involves using transducers with specific parameters and parametrically defined signal recording, along with dedicated analysis techniques in post-processing. Vibration signals serve as the primary carrier of information in this diagnostic method. The article details the step-by-step procedures for collecting and analyzing these signals to provide accurate assessments of track conditions. Based on the results from the mobile measurement rail platform, the article characterizes various areas of diagnostics where vibration signals are particularly effective for technical evaluation. These areas include identifying track defects, monitoring track surface and railway crossing and assessing the overall structural health of the railway infrastructure. The use of vibration signals offers a non-invasive and efficient means of track diagnostics, providing real-time data for maintenance and repair decisions. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of mobile diagnostics in enhancing the safety and reliability of railway transport. By leveraging vibration signals and advanced data processing techniques, this method provides a framework for continuous monitoring and assessment of railway track conditions, ultimately contributing to improved maintenance strategies and operational efficiency.

  • Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents
    • Juliusz Walczak
    • Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ
    • Grzegorz Cholewiński
    2024 CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

    Several classes of compounds are applied in clinics due to their immunosuppressive properties in transplantology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of mycophe-nolic acid, corticosteroids and chemotherapeutics bearing heterocyclic moieties like methotrexate, azathioprine, mizoribine, and ruxolitinib are active substances with investigated mechanisms of action. However, improved synthetic approaches of known drugs and novel derivatives are still being reported to attempt better accessibility and therapeutic properties. In this review article, we present the synthesis of the designed chemical structures based on recent literature reports con-cerning novel compounds as promising immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, some of the dis-cussed derivers revealed also other types of activities with prospective medicinal potential.

  • Approximate and analytic flow models for leak detection and identification
    • Marek Tatara
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    2024 Full text International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

    The article presents a comprehensive quantitative comparison of four analytical models that, in different ways, describe the flow process in transmission pipelines necessary in the task of detecting and isolating leaks. First, the analyzed models are briefly presented. Then, a novel model comparison framework was introduced along with a methodology for generating data and assessing diagnostic effectiveness. The study presents basic assumptions, experimental conditions and considered scenarios. Finally, the quality of the model-based diagnostic estimators is assessed, focusing on their bias, standard deviation, and computational complexity. Here, several optimality criteria are used as detailed indicators of the quality and performance of the estimators in a multi-criteria Pareto optimality assessment.

  • Approximation algorithms for job scheduling with block-type conflict graphs
    • Hanna Furmańczyk
    • Tytus Pikies
    • Inka Sokołowska
    • Krzysztof Turowski
    2024 COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH

    The problem of scheduling jobs on parallel machines (identical, uniform, or unrelated), under incompatibility relation modeled as a block graph, under the makespan optimality criterion, is considered in this paper. No two jobs that are in the relation (equivalently in the same block) may be scheduled on the same machine in this model. The presented model stems from a well-established line of research combining scheduling theory with methods relevant to graph coloring. Recently, cluster graphs and their extensions like block graphs were given additional attention. We complement hardness results provided by other researchers for block graphs by providing approximation algorithms. In particular, we provide a 2-approximation algorithm for and a PTAS for the case when the jobs are unit time in addition. In the case of uniform machines, we analyze two cases. The first one is when the number of blocks is bounded, i.e. . For this case, we provide a PTAS, improving upon results presented by D. Page and R. Solis-Oba. The improvement is two-fold: we allow richer graph structure, and we allow the number of machine speeds to be part of the input. Due to strong NP-hardness of , the result establishes the approximation status of . The PTAS might be of independent interest because the problem is tightly related to the NUMERICAL -DIMENSIONAL MATCHING WITH TARGET SUMS problem. The second case that we analyze is when the number of blocks is arbitrary, but the number of cut-vertices is bounded and jobs are of unit time. In this case, we present an exact algorithm. In addition, we present an FPTAS for graphs with bounded treewidth and a bounded number of unrelated machines. The paper ends with extensive tests of the selected algorithms.

  • Arabinoxylans: A review on protocols for their recovery, functionalities and roles in food formulations
    • Fernanda Jimena Hernández-Pinto
    • Juan Daniel Miranda-Medina
    • Abril Natera-Maldonado
    • Óscar Vara-Aldama
    • Mary Pily Ortueta-Cabranes
    • Jorge A. Vázquez del Mercado-Pardiño
    • Safaa A.M. El-Aidie
    • Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

    Arabinoxylans (AXs) are compounds with high nutritional value and applicability, including prebiotics or supplementary ingredients, in food manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, the recovery of AXs may require advanced separation and integrated strategies. Here, an analysis of the emerging techniques to extract AXs from cereals and their by-products is discussed. This review covers distinct methods implemented over the last 2–3 years, identifying that the type of method, extraction source, AX physicochemical properties and pre-treatment conditions are the main factors influencing the recovery yield. Alkaline extraction is among the most used methods nowadays, mostly due to its simplicity and high recovery yield. Concurrently, recovered AXs applied in food applications is timely reviewed, such as potential bread ingredient, prebiotic and as a wall material for probiotic encapsulation, in beer and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturing, complementary ingredient in bakery products and cookies, improvers in Chinese noodles, 3D food printing and designing of nanostructures for delivery platforms.

  • Architectural Modifications to Enhance Steganalysis with Convolutional Neural Networks
    • Remigiusz Martyniak
    • Bartosz Czaplewski
    2024

    This paper investigates the impact of various modifications introduced to current state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures specifically designed for the steganalysis of digital images. Usage of deep learning methods has consistently demonstrated improved results in this field over the past few years, primarily due to the development of newer architectures with higher classification accuracy compared to their predecessors. Despite the advances made, further improvements are desired to achieve even better performance in this field. The conducted experiments provide insights into how each modification affects the classification accuracy of the architectures, which is a measure of their ability to distinguish between stego and cover images. Based on the obtained results, potential enhancements are identified that future CNN designs could adopt to achieve higher accuracy while minimizing their complexity compared to current architectures. The impact of modifications on each model’s performance has been found to vary depending on the tested architecture and the steganography embedding method used.

  • Architecture at the Sites of the Former Nazi Concentration Camps. Functional Changeability of Commemoration
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2024 Full text

    The monograph presents a comprehensive analysis of the architectural structures created in the former concentration camps in Europe under the SS Main Economy and Administration Office. It delves into the history of memorial site creation in these areas, emphasizing the unique characteristics of monuments dedicated to the victims of terror. Additionally, the study covers the post-war architectural transformations in these areas, offering a detailed understanding of the historical and structural aspects of these memorial sites and monuments. This research highlights that architecture serves as more than just a structure; it is a powerful means of reorganizing space to establish a place that embodies memory. It demonstrates how architecture shapes space to commemorate the crimes committed and honor the victims, emphasizing the crucial role of design in preserving history.

  • Architektura oraz historia tzw. nowych koszar na Westerplatte w latach 1933–2023
    • Szymon Kowalski
    • Wojciech Samól
    2024 PRZEGLĄD HISTORYCZNO-WOJSKOWY

    Przedmiotem badań opisanych w artykule jest budynek tzw. nowych koszar na terenie Wojskowej Składnicy Tranzytowej (WST) na Westerplatte, który pełnił kluczową rolę w planie obrony polskiej placówki. Pomimo jego częściowo zachowanej bryły, nie został on do tej pory należycie rozpoznany w toku badań architektonicznych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w latach 2019–2023, przedstawiono pierwotny wygląd, układ funkcjonalny oraz historię powstania koszar. W badaniach wykorzystano interdyscyplinarne metody, takie jak skanowanie laserowe z wykorzystaniem chmury punktów, fotogrametrię oraz metody tradycyjne, aby dokładnie zinwentaryzować oraz zidentyfikować zachowaną substancję obiektu. Na podstawie inwentaryzacji oraz serii kwerend archiwalnych autorzy, przy użyciu technik modelowania 3D stworzyli wirtualną rekonstrukcję obiektu przedstawiającą stan przed wybuchem II wojny światowej. Model posłużył za krzyżową weryfikację źródeł z zachowaną substancją koszar. W artykule zaprezentowano także po raz pierwszy widoki elewacji, przekrój oraz rzuty pięter, które ukazały organizację przestrzenną oraz funkcjonalną wnętrza budynku wraz z reinterpretacją funkcji poszczególnych pomieszczeń. Wyniki badań, często zmieniają i uszczegółowiają dotychczasowe ustalenia badaczy oraz znacząco pogłębiają stan wiedzy na temat historii tego unikalnego reliktu polskiej architektury XX w. Autorzy sądzą, że opublikowane po raz pierwszy całościowe wyniki zachęcą do dalszych badań nad tematem koszar oraz znacząco przysłużą się ochronie tego unikalnego dziedzictwa na Westerplatte.

  • Are creative users more apt in reusing and adopting Open Government Data (OGD)? Gender differences
    • Charalampos Harris Alexopoulos
    • Stuti Saxena
    • Nina Rizun
    • Ricardo Matheus
    • Marijn Janssen
    2024 Thinking Skills and Creativity

    Open Government Data (OGD) has been considered as a potent instrument for value creation and innovation by a range of stakeholders. Given that individual ingenuity is a function of individual and environmental factors, it is important to understand how the OGD adoption and usage is a factor of creative performance behaviors (CPB), viz., Problem Identification (PI), Information Search (IS), Idea Generation (IG) and Idea Promotion (IP) as well as creative self-efficacy (CSE). Invoking the adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs alongside the moderating effects of CPB and CSE constructs and also gender, the present study seeks to underline the behavioural intention towards OGD adoption and usage among 362 undergraduate and postgraduate university students in India. Findings show that there are gender differences across the CPB and CSE constructs. The study’s contribution lies in furthering our understanding of OGD adoption and use with creativity literature

  • Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications
    • Samano Ramiro Robles
    • R. Venkatesha Prasad
    • Ad Arts
    • Mateusz Rzymowski
    • Łukasz Kulas
    2024

    This chapter presents a summary of the description and preliminary results of the use case related to the implementation of artificial intelligence tools in the emerging technology called wireless avionics intra-communications (WAICs). WAICs aims to replace some of the cable buses of modern aircraft. This replacement of infrastructure leads to: (1) complexity reduction of future airplanes, (2) creation of innovative services where wireless links are more flexible than wireline links, and mainly (3) a considerable weight reduction, which in turn leads to fuel consumption efficiency, increase of payload, as well as range extension. Therefore, WAICs is expected to have a large impact on the aeronautics industry, propelling a new generation of greener, more efficient, and less expensive aeronautical services. However, there are still several reliability, trust, interoperability and latency issues that need to be addressed before this technology becomes commercial. It is expected that AI will boost the applicability of this technology, contributing to the realization of the concept of “fly-by-wireless”.

  • Artificial intelligence in architectural education - green campus development research
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Lucyna Nyka
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2024 Full text Global Journal of Engineering Education

    The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has introduced new possibilities and challenges in design education. This article explores the need for changes and adaptations in the teaching process of design as AI-related technologies, based on image generation, transform the creative process and offer novel opportunities. In a research-by-design studio in an architectural faculty in Poland, students who utilised AI tools achieved more innovative and pioneering results than those designed with traditional tools. Based on these results, three alternative methods of working with AI tools were identified. In the semi-traditional approach, AI-generated images served for inspirational purposes solely. In the hybrid system, students integrated fragments of these images into their own urban decisions. Finally, in the hybrid-interactive approach, students used the higher-order loops in computer-human interaction to achieve more site-specific results. The research underscores the vast potential of AI integration, using image generation models in reshaping architectural design methodologies based on best practice.

  • Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Onychomycosis—Literature Review
    • Barbara Bulińska
    • Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
    • Martyna Sławińska
    • Jacek Rumiński
    • Roman Janusz Nowicki
    2024 Journal of Fungi

    Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection that is difficult to diagnose due to its similarity to other nail conditions. Accurate identification is essential for effective treatment. The current gold standard methods include microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide, fungal cultures, and Periodic acid-Schiff biopsy staining. These conventional techniques, however, suffer from high turnover times, variable sensitivity, reliance on human interpretation, and costs. This study examines the potential of integrating AI (artificial intelligence) with visualization tools like dermoscopy and microscopy to improve the accuracy and efficiency of onychomycosis diagnosis. AI algorithms can further improve the interpretation of these images. The review includes 14 studies from PubMed and IEEE databases published between 2010 and 2024, involving clinical and dermoscopic pictures, histopathology slides, and KOH microscopic images. Data extracted include study type, sample size, image assessment model, AI algorithms, test performance, and comparison with clinical diagnostics. Most studies show that AI models achieve an accuracy comparable to or better than clinicians, suggesting a promising role for AI in diagnosing onychomycosis. Nevertheless, the niche nature of the topic indicates a need for further research.

  • Artificial Neural Network based fatigue life assessment of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Nima Sina
    • Wenchen Ma
    • Wei Song
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Aboozar Gholami
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    The objective of this paper is to provide the fatigue life of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters. At first, the fatigue life of the riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates is obtained by experimental tests. Then, an artificial neural network is applied to estimate the fatigue life of riveted lap joints based on the number of lateral and longitudinal holes, punch pressure, gap between the edge of hole and rivet, rivet shank diameter, and rivet shank length. Also, meta heuristic optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the riveting process parameters. Finally, sensitivity analysis is used to obtain the influence of parameters affecting the riveting process on the fatigue life.

  • Asphalt Overlay Enhancement with Fatigue High-Performing Multiaxial Geocomposite
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Michał Golos
    2024

    The use of gecomposite incorporating multiaxial geogrid and non-woven fabric of high bitumen retention in asphalt overlays results in the increase of life of the designed pavement structure. Such an approach can offer an opportunity to increase the fatigue life (higher traffic capacity) without the need to increase asphalt overlay thickness or to reduce the thickness of asphalt overlay without reduction of pavement life eventually. This concept results in both economic and environmental benefits. This paper presents the laboratory testing results of the fatigue life of double-layered asphalt specimens with geocomposite used directly in the pavement structure fatigue life calculations. Fatigue testing was performed in the scheme of four-point bending tests (4PB) of large beams in the controlled strain mode – both for reinforced and control specimens. Based on the results obtained, one can conclude that the rated multiaxial geocomposite has a clear and positive effect on asphalt overlay performance and thus has an evident potential to extend the asphalt pavement fatigue life. This paper also presents a slightly modified concept of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design method based on fatigue improving factors derived from the laboratory test investigation, allowing reinforcement benefits to be implemented into the design process. Finally, an example of the calculation of reconstructed asphalt pavement with the enhancement of the asphalt overlay reinforced by geocomposite is also presented.

  • Asphalt pavement structure optimization with alternative materials
    • Przemysław Ostrowski
    • Adam Zofka
    • Krzysztof Błażejowski
    • Marek Pszczoła
    2024 Archives of Civil Engineering

    The paper briefly describes modern method assessment of the pavement structure based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model. The method was used to compare two types of pavement structures. There were analysed classical cstructures with asphalt concretes with neat bitumen and innovative one- or two layered structures with SMA 16 with highly polymer modified bitumen (HiMA). Pavement structures using SMA 16 are especially recommended for local roads, thus two traÿc categories were analysed – light and medium. Furthermore, due to specific properties of layers with HiMA, for each variant two di˙erent types of improved sub-base were checked. The examples presented, despite reduced thickness of asphalt layers, structures with SMA 16 HiMA are much more resistant to fatigue than classic structures with asphalt concretes with neat bitumen. The results of the research confirm that it is possible to develop innovative structures with materials with above standard properties. New materials both with new arrangement of layers can bring a lot of advantages especially in the areas of sustainable development, costs reducing and improving properties of asphalt pavements.

  • Assessing climate change threats and urbanization impacts on surface runoff in Gdańsk (Poland): insights from remote sensing, machine learning and hydrological modeling
    • Khansa Gulshad
    • Michał Szydłowski
    • Andam Mustafa
    2024 Full text STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT

    This study investigates the impacts of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes and climate change on surface runoff in Gdańsk, Poland, which is crucial for local LULC planning and urban flood risk management. The analysis employs two primary methodologies: remote sensing and hydrological modeling. Remote sensing was conducted using Google Earth Engine and Land Change Modeler in IDRISI Terrset software to analyze historical (1985–2022) and future (2050–2100) LULC. Hydrological modeling was performed using the Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number method to assess the overall impact of LULC changes on Gdańsk’s hydrology at the local scale. The Orunia basin, a critical area due to intensive LULC development, was selected for detailed hydrological analysis using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The analysis encompassed three scenarios: LULC changes, climate change, and combined LULC and cli- mate change effects. The LULC analysis revealed a marked increase in urban area, a shift in forest and vegetation cover, and a reduction in agricultural land. HEC-HMS simulations showed an increase in the runoff coefficient across selected decades, which was attributed to the combined effect of LULC and climate change. The projected increases under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 2050 and 2100 are projected to surpass those observed during the baseline period. The findings highlight that the synergistic effects of LULC and climate change have a more significant impact on Gdańsk’s hydrology at both local and basin scales than their separate effects. These insights into LULC shifts and urban hydrological responses hold implications for sustainable urban planning and effective flood risk management in Gdańsk and similar urban settings.

  • Assessing sustainable development goal 7 implementation and its nexus with social, economic and ecological factors in EU countries
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Iwona Markowicz
    • Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
    • Alina Stundziene
    2024 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

    This research paper delves into the captivating realm of sustainable development, specifically focusing on assessing the degree of implementation of sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) and its intricate relationship with social, economic and ecological factors within European Union (EU) countries. By comprehensively unravelling the interplay between SDG7 and these multifaceted factors, this study provides invaluable insights into the ongoing sustainable energy revolution within the EU. To verify the research hypotheses, composite indicators (CI) were estimated for SDG7 and selected groups of indicators, employing a methodology grounded in sensitivity analysis. Our findings notably highlight the distinct significance of ecological factors in driving the development of clean energy systems. In contrast, the data did not support our hypothesis, which posited a significant relationship between economic factors and the implementation of SDG7. This evolving perspective underscores the growing recognition of the fundamental role that ecological factors play in shaping our sustainable energy future. Consequently, as we prioritise preserving and conserving our environment, the need to balance economic prosperity with environmental well-being becomes increasingly evident.

  • Assessing the industrialization progress of hydrodynamic cavitation process intensification technology: a review
    • Xun Sun
    • Haozhen Xu
    • Xiaoxu Xuan
    • Sivakumar Manickam
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Benlong Wang
    2024 Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

    Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with other emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwave, the widespread commercial adoption of HC remained limited even after three decades of development. This review aims to assess the current distance from industrialization and promote the advancement of HC by summarizing recent progress in the pilot or full-scale applications, particularly in biodiesel synthesis, water treatment, and the pretreatment of sludge and LCB. Special attention is given to treatment capacity and economic efficiency.

  • Assessment of Alterations in Settlement Patterns of Agricultural Landscape in the Example of Kashubia in Poland
    • Anna Górka
    2024 Full text Sustainability

    Traditional agricultural landscapes are heavily exposed to change due to their relatively low agricultural productivity. However, they represent cultural values of great importance in maintaining the resilience of the environment and society. Although their cultural potential is important for sustainable development, it is still insufficiently recognized. The article fills this gap by examining old farmstead buildings as a distinguishing element of the agricultural landscape. The study was conducted in Poland in the area of farm settlements in Kashubia. A spatial database and archival maps were used for comparison of the spatial distribution and the number of farmsteads and buildings in 1937 and 2020. The types of settlements in the selected area of research were recorded and classified. The results obtained from the study may support the spatial planning and local management of agricultural areas for the purpose of preserving rural identity and economy.

  • Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites
    • Marta Glinka
    • Katarzyna Jażdżewska
    • Christina Vakh
    • Izabela Drążkowska
    • Ewa Bagińska
    • Tomasz Majchrzak
    • Michał Młynarczyk
    • Dominik Rachon
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2024 Full text ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

    The baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children’s urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two sampling approaches were compared, namely sterile containers and baby disposable diapers. Thirty urine samples from infants and toddlers were analyzed by both methods in parallel and the results were compared. It was found that for diaper sampling, lower concentrations of the metabolites were observed, however, the general distribution for particular metabolites remains the same for both methods. For most of the metabolites high determination coefficients were obtained, namely 0.9929 for MEHHP, 0.9836 for MMP, 0.9796 for MECPP, and 0.9784 for 2-cx-MMHP. For MEOHP the determination correlation coefficient was 0.9154, while for MBP was – 0.7771 and MEHP was – 0.5228. In general, for diaper sampling an underestimation for 2-cx-MMHP and MEOHP was observed, while for MMP diaper-based approach provides overestimation. However, the proposed procedure confirms the possibility of using baby disposable diapers as a material for the collection of urine samples for biomonitoring purposes and fast screening of phthalates exposure.

  • Assessment of the impact of jet impingement technique on the energy efficiency of air-cooled BIPV/T roof tile
    • Jan Wajs
    • Jakub Łukasik
    2024 Full text Archives of Thermodynamics

    The paper concerns a numerical analysis of cooling of the hybrid photovoltaic (PV) modules dedicated to Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Attention was focused on the photovoltaic roof tiles, using a jet impingement technique, in which the intensification of heat transfer is ensured by streams of air hitting the heat exchange partition. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to assess an influence of the distance of the nozzle outlet from the absorber surface on the values of selected thermal-hydraulic performance indicators and the electrical parameters of the roof tile. The results confirmed the high effectiveness of the proposed method. The best effect was obtained for the case in which the relative distance of the nozzle from the partition to the nozzle diameter was equal to 1. For the mentioned configuration, an over 4 times increase in the value of the heat transfer coefficient was obtained in relation to the reference variant of cooling roof tiles. At the same time, the relative increase in the value of the generated electrical power was from 2.9 to 7.8%, depending on the value of the Reynolds number characterising the flow.

  • Assessment Of the Relevance of Best Practices in The Development of Medical R&D Projects Based on Machine Learning
    • Jan Cychnerski
    • Tomasz Dziubich
    2024 Full text

    Machine learning has emerged as a fundamental tool for numerous endeavors within health informatics, bioinformatics, and medicine. However, novices among biomedical researchers and IT developers frequently lack the requisite experience to effectively execute a machine learning project, thereby increasing the likelihood of adopting erroneous practices that may result in common pitfalls or overly optimistic predictions. The paper presents an assessment of the significance of best practices in the implementation of R\&D projects supporting the medical diagnostic process. Based on the literature and authors' experiences, 27 good practices influencing three fundamental stages of project implementation were identified. The evaluation was based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which relies on subjective assessments from experts, whose credibility is expressed through the consensus of assessment. Initially focusing on DevOps methodology, research integration, interdisciplinary information sharing were prioritized over automation. Furthermore, annotation tools and data / model quality control were identified as of significant importance.

  • Assessment of thermal and electrical performance of flat plate air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile – experimental and numerical studies
    • Jakub Łukasik
    • Jan Wajs
    2024 Full text

    The current state of development of the solar energy sector necessitates a new form of incentive for entities to invest in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems are gaining increasing interest. Effective methods for heat recovery from BIPV/T collectors are searched for. Presented research experimentally and numerically considered the influence of cooling conditions on the electrical efficiency and heat recovery potential of PV roof tiles, using air as cooling medium. An experimental system consisted of PV roof tile module, casing and twenty halogen lamps, acting as a sunlight simulator. Temperature of PV roof tile and the casing, together with electrical current and voltage as well as volumetric air flow rate were controlled. Based on the experimental system, a numerical model was prepared in the ANSYS Fluent software. It takes into account two configurations of flow channel height 25 and 50 mm, various values of solar irradiance (from 300 to 900 W/m2), and a set of different volumetric air flow rates (from 4.5 to 7.5 m3/h). An approach based on the SST k-ω turbulence model and discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model was proposed. Among all the configurations investigated, the variant with a flow channel height of 25 mm exhibited a higher heat recovery potential. At extreme parameter values (solar irradiance of 900 W/m2, volumetric air flow rate of 7.5 m3/h), the highest heat flux, removed by the air, reached 330 W/m2. The highest thermal efficiency, up to 48.7% and 44.2% for the 25 and 50 mm channel height variants, respectively, was achieved at a solar irradiance of 300 W/m2 and a volumetric air flow rate of 7.5 m3/h. A high correspondence between experimental and numerical results was obtained, indicated by the root mean square percent error (RMSPE) of thermal efficiency at the range from 4.42% to 9.33%. The highest electrical efficiency (5.76%) was achieved for solar irradiance of 600 W/m2 and a volumetric air flow rate of 7.5 m3/h, for the variant with a channel height of 50 mm. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the influence of flow channel geometry and cooling conditions on module performance, supporting the design of more efficient and economically viable BIPV/T systems.

  • Assessment of Utilizing Hard-to-Recycle Plastic Waste from the Packaging Sector in Architectural Design—Case Study for Experimental Building Material
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Klaudia Kropisz
    2024 Sustainability

    The environmental impact of plastic waste has become a significant concern worldwide, prompting innovative approaches to address sustainability challenges, particularly within architectural design. This research paper delves into assessing the environmental impact and sustainability implications of using hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste in architectural design practices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, challenges, and potential benefits of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste as building materials in an architectural context. The paper presents a compelling case study showcasing innovative architectural projects that have successfully integrated hard-to-recycle plastic waste. It offers recommendations for future research directions and policy interventions to promote the adoption of hard-to-recycle plastics in environmentally conscious architecture, thereby advancing sustainability goals and fostering a circular economy paradigm within the construction industry. The research paper also highlights a specific experiment conducted using hard-to-recycle plastic waste, illustrating the potential for creative solutions in sustainable architectural design. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental impact and feasibility of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastics as building materials, contributing to ongoing efforts to address sustainability challenges.

  • At what temperature should the tire rolling resistance be measured?
    • Jerzy Ejsmont
    • Grzegorz Ronowski
    • Truls Berge
    • Sławomir Sommer
    • Wojciech Owczarzak
    • Anna Szerszyńska
    2024 Full text PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

    The climate crisis is already an indisputable fact and therefore, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption, and especially energy wasting. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption of motor vehicles is to decrease vehicle movement resistance, including rolling resistance. In order for the optimization of tire rolling resistance to be efficient, it is necessary to apply appropriate optimization criteria that are closely related to typical vehicle traffic conditions. The article discusses the influence of the temperature at which tire rolling resistance tests are carried out on the results obtained. Currently applicable standards require testing of tire rolling resistance at ambient temperatures of 25⁰C (ISO) and 24⁰C (SAE). However, these temperatures are far from the typical temperatures in most areas with intense road traffic. The results obtained at a temperature of 25⁰C do not allow clear conclusions about the tires' performance in more typical thermal conditions prevailing in different seasons. The analyzes presented in the article indicate that better representativeness of the rolling resistance estimates can be obtained by testing summer tires at a temperature of +15⁰C and winter tires at a temperature of -5⁰C.

  • Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36

  • Authenticity of cultural heritage vis-à-vis heritage reproducibility and intangibility: from conservation philosophy to practice
    • Elżbieta Nakonieczna
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2024 Full text International Journal of Cultural Policy

    This article states that the philosophical nature/ambiguity/controversy of the issue of authenticity undermines its usefulness as a tool in conservation practice. The main drawback is the inability to objectively define the notion of authenticity. In conservation philosophy, the meaning of authenticity relativizes along with the widespread consent to the reproducibility of cultural heritage, whereas the recognition of its intangibility negates the sense of authenticity. In the World Heritage (WH) policy and practice, the uselessness/counterproductivity of authenticity as a necessary requirement is visible in the inconsistency of this system in the treatment of the commonly realized reproducibility of cultural heritage, and in relation to heritage with a prevailing intangibility, which is illustrated by the example of Gdańsk as a potential WH site. Although the article provides many arguments for departing from the concept of authenticity in the WH system, authenticity introduces the socially beneficial element of discretion (it cannot be considered binarily), as it forces a discussion that raises cultural awareness in an increasingly homogenized world. Finally, to reduce some inconsistencies in the WH system, this paper recommends restoring autonomy to criterion (vi) in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.

  • Auto-Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements Based on Multi-Taper Approach
    • Mariusz Dzwonkowski
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    2024 Full text IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    Measurements of antenna prototypes are normally performed in dedicated, yet costly environments such as anechoic chambers (ACs). However, the AC construction cost might be unjustified when the measurements aim to support education, or budget-tight research. Alternatively, experiments can be realized in non-anechoic regime and refined using appropriate methods. In this letter, a framework for correction of antenna far-field measurements performed in uncontrolled environments based on multi-taper concept has been proposed. The method involves extracting a direct transmission between the measurement system components, while reducing the undesirable factors such as noise and interferences. Performance of the approach has been demonstrated based on a total of 16 tests of two small antennas performed in non-anechoic conditions. The framework has also been compared against the methods form the literature.

  • Automated Generation of Modular Assurance Cases with the System Assurance Reference Model
    • Andrzej Wardziński
    • Aleksander Jarzębowicz
    2024 FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING

    Assurance cases are structured arguments used to demonstrate specific system properties such as safety or security. They are used in many industrial sectors including automotive, aviation and medical devices. Assurance cases are usually divided into modules which address goals allocated to specific system properties, components, functions, modes of operation or environmental conditions. Depending on the system and assurance process characteristics, assurance case modules may follow shared argument templates. The templates refer to the system, process or environment attributes, described collectively as an assurance case context and stored in external context models. Our goal is to manage all contextual relations at the level of assurance case templates and instantiated arguments with the use of a generic System Assurance Reference Model (SARM). We describe its structure and demonstrate how it can be used to automatically generate assurance case modules, based on templates and context models. The article also presents a prototype tool, SARMER, which implements the SARM model and enables automatic data flow between models and assurance cases. The use of SARM and the SARMER tool is illustrated with an example of a component-based system and a modular assurance case to demonstrate that allocated contracts are satisfied for each component.