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Publications from the year 2012
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Apparent molar volumes and compressibilities of electrolytes and ions in gamma-butyrolactone
- Joanna Krakowiak
- Jarosław Wawer
- Aleksander Farmas
W oparciu o zmierzone wartości gęstości roztworów i rozpuszczalnika w temperaturach od 15 do 40oC wyznaczono pozorne molowe objętości bromku litu, nadchloranu litu, nadchloranu sodu, tetrafenyloboranu sodu oraz bromku tetrafenylofosfoniowego w gamma-butyrolaktonie. Ponadto, wyznaczone prędkości rozchodzenia się dźwięku w 25oC w badanych układach pozwoliły obliczyć pozorne molowe ściśliwości wybranej grupy soli. Uzyskane (w wyniku ekstrapolacji zależności stężeniowych) wartości graniczne objętości jak i ściśliwości molowej zostały podzielone poraz pierwszy na udziały jonowe w gamma-butyrolaktonie w oparciu o metodę elektrolitu wzorcowego. Wyznaczone wartości jonowe oraz ich charakterystyki temperaturowe posłużyły do opisu oddziaływań jon-rozpuszczalnik.
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Apparent Molar Volumes and Compressibilities of Lanthanum, Gadolinium and Lutetium trifluoromethanesulfonates in Dimethylsulfoxide
- Dorota Warmińska
- Jarosław Wawer
Zmierzono gęstości roztworów trifluorometanosulfonianów lantanu, gadolinu i lutetu w dimetylosulfotlenku w zakresie temperatur 293,15 -333,15 K. W oparciu o uzyskane wartości gęstości wyznaczono pozorne objętości molowe, cząstkowe objętości molowe oraz rozszerzalności izobaryczne. Dodatkowo zmierzono szybkości rozchodzenia się dźwięku w badanych roztworach w 298,15 K i wyznaczono pozorne ściśliwości molowe trifluorometanosulfonianów lantanu, gadolinu i lutetu w DMSO. Dokonano analizy uzyskanych wielkości i omówione je w kontekście oddziaływań jon - rozpuszczalnik.
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Application a laboratory stand for multi-symptoms tests for high cyclic fatigue of constructional material
- Andrzej Kaczmarski
This paper describes a need of diagnostics present ship plants according to current technical state. In order to reach competent physical quantity describing fatigue of materials by congregated energy. This paper describes using some diagnostics methods (acoustic emission AE, vibration, thermovision, deformation) in order to definition fatigue state of construction material. The author tries to find correlation between measured quantities which describe continuous process of fatigue wear. Innovation of this research allows use a new, little-know and little-recognized acoustic emission method by energetic fatigue research. Besides the results of AE will verified by use well-knowing and described research methods that are using to appreciate fatigue materials (vibration, thermovision, deformation). Used diagnostic methods were verified with photos of cracked scrap. The conclusion describes suggestion of research results. They will be needed to classification of fatigue symptoms that are measured by the above methods and are giving competent diagnostic dependence. This paper deals the results of elementary research on laboratory stand. They will be used to diagnostic of ship plants and their driving elements (shafts, cams, valves)
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Application of adjusted subpixel method (ASM) in HRCT measurements of the bronchi in bronchial asthma patients and healthy individuals
- Grzegorz Mincewicz
- Jacek Rumiński
- Grzegorz Krzykowski
Background: Recently, we described a model system which included corrections of high-resolution computedtomography (HRCT) bronchial measurements based on the adjusted subpixel method (ASM).Objective: To verify the clinical application of ASM by comparing bronchial measurements obtained bymeans of the traditional eye-driven method, subpixel method alone and ASM in a group comprised ofbronchial asthma patients and healthy individuals.Methods: The study included 30 bronchial asthma patients and the control group comprised of 20 volunteerswith no symptoms of asthma. The lowest internal and external diameters of the bronchialcross-sections (ID and ED) and their derivative parameters were determined in HRCT scans using: (1)traditional eye-driven method, (2) subpixel technique, and (3) ASM.Results: In the case of the eye-driven method, lower ID values along with lower bronchial lumen area andits percentage ratio to total bronchial area were basic parameters that differed between asthma patientsand healthy controls. In the case of the subpixel method and ASM, both groups were not significantlydifferent in terms of ID. Significant differences were observed in values of ED and total bronchial area withboth parameters being significantly higher in asthma patients. Compared to ASM, the eye-driven method overstated the values of ID and ED by about 30% and 10% respectively, while understating bronchial wall thickness by about 18%.Conclusions: Results obtained in this study suggest that the traditional eye-driven method of HRCTbasedmeasurement of bronchial tree components probably overstates the degree of bronchial patencyin asthma patients.
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Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds
- Justyna Czupryniak
- Aleksandra Fabiańska
- Piotr Stepnowski
- Tadeusz Ossowski
- Robert Bogdanowicz
- Marcin Gnyba
- E.m. Siedlecka
The aim of the presented study is to investigate the applicability of electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds containing heteroatoms, e.g. waste from production of pesticides or pharmaceutics, at a borondoped diamond (BDD) electrode. The BDD electrodes were synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW PE CVD). Investigation of the electrode surface by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the synthesized layer was continuous and formed a densely packed grain structure with an average roughness of less than 0:5 μm. The influence of important electrochemical parameters: current density, kind of reactor, pH or mixing operation, on the efficiency of the oxidation was investigated. The fouling of electrode's surface caused by the deposition of organic material was observed during CV and galvanostatic experiments. At low current density the oxidation rate constant k was low, but the current efficiency was relatively high. The BDD can be used successfully to remove heterogeneous aromatic compounds existing either as molecules or cations. During 4 h of electrolysis 95% of aromatic compounds were electrochemically decomposed to mineral forms. It was observed that the influence of the initial pH on mineralization was marginal.
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Application of chiral chromatography for enantiomeric separation of currently used pesticides from various chemical groups
- Maciej Tankiewicz
Chiral pesticides account for more than 25 % of currently used pesticides and this ratio is still increasing. According to the number of chiral centers in the structure, a pesticide may consist of two or multiple enantiomers or stereoisomers. Studies into the stereoselective behaviour of pesticides started in the early 1990s and most research efforts focused on understanding the environmental fate and effects of these pesticides. Results from such studies have shown that enantiomers of the same chiral compound can degrade at significantly different rates and have very different toxicological characteristics in the environment.To evaluate the real environmental toxicity of chiral pesticides, develop an understanding of their chiral discrimination in biological processes and to assess the enantiopurity of commercial pesticide formulations, analytical separation methods of high stereoselectivity are required. The analytical study of the enantioselective chromatographic separation of several chiral pesticides, currently of high importance and with different structures are presented. This research work was supported by the system projects: "InnoDoktorant - Scholarships for PhD students, IVth edition" and "The development of interdisciplinary doctoral studies at the Gdansk University ofTechnology in modern technologies". Projects are co-financed by the European Union in the frame of the European Social Fund.
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Application of commercial supercapacitor modules in autonomic photovoltaic installations
- Wojciech Grzesiak
- Tomasz Maj
- Jacek Piekarski
- Krzysztof Zaraska
- Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
- Kazimierz Łuczak
- Paweł Grzesiak
Dynamiczny rozwój technologii i konstrukcji superkondensatorów, napędzany głównie potrzebami przemysłu motoryzacyjnego pozwala na stwierdzenie, że stają się one coraz bardziej realną alternatywą dla konwencjonalnych akumulatorów stosowanych w autonomicznych instalacjach fotowoltaicznych.Za ich stosowaniem przemawiają takie zalety jak: możliwość szybkiego ładowania i rozładowania, wielokrotnie wyższa trwałość, bezobsługowość eksploatacji oraz zastosowanie do ich budowy materiałów nie zagrażających środowisku naturalnemu. W artykule omówiono zastosowanie komercyjnych modułów superkondensatorów w autonomicznych instalacjach fotowoltaicznych. Przedstawiono zalety i wady obwodów zawierających moduły superkondensatorów.Zaprezentowano praktyczne rozwiązania przetwornicy DC/DC, przeznaczonej do ładowania baterii superkondensatorów i jednocześnie wykorzystującej technikę MPPT. Wyjaśniono rolę stabilizujących przetwornic DC/DC stosowanych w warunkach zmienności napięcia wyjściowego baterii superkondensatorów. i Zaprezentowano ich autorskie rozwiązania. Przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki pomiarów, a także dokonano analizy ekonomicznej proponowanych rozwiązań.
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Application of dispersive liquid - liquid microextraction for determination of pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples
- Maciej Tankiewicz
Pesticides are a global risk because they move with the wind, rain and sea currents from other regions, which makes getting to places which were never used before. Their presence was detected in all types of water circulating in the ecosystem, which is an easy source of exposure to life and health of all living organisms. Currently, it is considered one of the most dangerous and toxic pollutants, which fate and function is still largely unknown. Therefore, constant monitoring is needed to the content of these xenobiotics in the environment. Traditional analytical procedures for the determination of these pollutants are usually laborious and time-consuming, requiring the use of large quantities of toxic and expensive solvents and are often characterized by a low coefficient of enrichment. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new analytical methodologies, which allow in a quick, cheap and environmentally safe means determining pesticides from different chemical groups (mainly organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides and pyrethroids). The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has emerged as an attractive alternative for traditional liquid - liquid extraction (LLE), because it is fast, inexpensive, easy to operate, consumes low volume of organic solvent and provides high enrichment factors. This paper presents examples of application of DLLME for control and monitoring pesticides residue in water samples. The advantages and drawbacks of this technique are also discussed, and some solutions to its limitation are proposed. This research work was supported by National Science Centre (decision number: DEC-2011/01/N/ST4/01977) and the system project: "InnoDoktorant - Scholarships for PhD students, IVth edition". Project is cofinanced by the European Union in theframe of the European Social Fund.
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Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides in honey by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
- Maciej Kujawski
- Emilie Pinteaux
- Jacek Namieśnik
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a rapid and easy technique that consumes minute amounts of organic solvents. In this work, we present chemometric study on optimization of DLLME parameters for the extraction of aldrin, endrin, lindane, alfa-endosulfan, 4,4'-DDT and its metabolites from honey matrix. Method quantification limits (MQLs) vary between 0.3 ng/g for 2,4'-DDE and 4,4'-DDE to 13.2 ng/g for alfa-endosulfan and enable determination at levels below EU-established Maximum ResidueLimits. The developed method is linear (R^2 > 0.994) in the investigated range (MQL-100 ng/g), with preconcentration factors of 13.2-30.5 and good repeatability (CV <= 17%). A comparison with other available methods reported in the last decade is provided. The method has been applied to 19 real samples from Poland, and the results showthat organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are present in analysed honeys at levels not posing threat to human health (below 14 ng/g for sum of 4,4'-DDT and metabolites and below 5 ng/g for aldrin, endrin and lindane). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported application of DLLME for the determination of OCPs in honey.
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Application of extended Finite Element Method to cracked concrete elements - numerical aspects
- Jerzy Bobiński
- Jacek Tejchman
Artykuł omawia zastosowanie rozszerzonej metody elementów skończonych do zarysowanych elementów betonowych. Obliczenia wykonano dla elementów poddanych zginaniu i mieszanemu ściskaniu - rozciąganiu. Wyniki porównano z doświadczeniami.
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Application of Impedance Spectroscopy for Bi1−xNdxFeO3 Ceramics Characterization
- Beata Wodecka-Dus
- Jolanta Dzik
- Henryk Bernard
- Katarzyna Osińska
- Agata Lisińska-Czekaj
- Dionizy Czekaj
In the present paper the synthesis conditions for fabrication of Bi1−xNdxFeO3 ceramics are reported. The single phase polycrystalline samples of Bi1−xNdxFeO3 were prepared by standard solid state reaction method from the mixture of oxides viz.: Bi2O3, Fe2O3 and Nd2O3. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 10Hz – 1MHz at room temperature.
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Application of industrial waste as a carbon source for biosurfactants production
- Ilona Edyta Kłosowska-Chomiczewska
Biosurfactants are natural surfactants produced by variety of microorganisms. They are very prospective product due to good biodegradability, low toxicity, good physicochemical properties and high efficiency in many applications. Moreover, they are efficient in wide range of pH, temperatures and salinity. However, the production of biosurfactants is very expensive due to high purification cost. This cost can be minimized by application of variety of waste products as a carbon source in microbial biosynthesis. This paper presents an overview of waste and non-waste substrates application for biosurfactants production.
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon Part I - concept of the model
- Marcin Jaskólski
In this paper, which inaugurates a series of papers on this subject, a concept is proposed of a power system development model with regard to the technological structure of electricity generation in Poland, in the long-term time perspective – until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. The paper presents a brief description of the tool used in the model research. In addition, the optimization criterion is described and the structure of the Reference Energy System is presented.
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon. Part II. Model and forecasts assumptions
- Marcin Jaskólski
In this paper, the next in a series of publications on the subject, assumptions are presented of a power system development model in terms of electricity generation technology infrastructure in Poland, in the long term perspective until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. Among other things developed are a forecast of the final demand for electricity and heat, the current mix of power and electricity generation in Poland, and a forecast of decommissioning in the power and co-generation plants. The study also contains a summary of technical and economic indicators of the generation technologies considered in the model.
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Application of Maximum Lenght Sequence in Silent Sonar
- Jacek Marszal
- Roman Salamon
- Lech Kilian
Silent sonars are designed to reduce the distance over which their sounding pulses can be detected by intercept sonars. In order to meet this objective, we can use periodical sounding signals that have low power, a very long duration and wide spectrum. If used in the silent sonar's receiver, matched filtration ensures very good detection of motionless or slow moving targets. However, it is more difficult to detect echo signals of fast moving targets with Doppler effect causing significant error in target distance measurements. In an effort to find signals that can better resist Doppler effect, maximum length sequence was tested for its application in silent sonar. It has an elementary signal which includes linear frequency modulation. It was demonstrated that the signal produces much better results than those obtained with simple frequency modulation signals.
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Application of mechanical Barkhausen noise in assessment of X20 steel properties after heat treatment
- Paweł Maciakowski
- Marek Chmielewski
- Bolesław Augustyniak
- Leszek Piotrowski
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Application of muscle model to the musculoskeletal modeling
- Wiktoria Wojnicz
- Edmund Wittbrodt
The purpose of this paper is to investigate new fusiform muscle models. Each of these models treats a muscle as a system composedof parts characterized by different mechanical properties. These models explain the influence of differences in the stiffness of lateral parts and the degree of muscle model discretization. Each muscle model is described by a system of differential equations and a single integro-differential equation. Responses of fifty-four muscle model forms are examined using a complex exertion composed of threetypes: eccentric-concentric exertion, isokinetic-isometric exertion and step exertion.
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Application of non-metal doped titania for inverted polymer solar cells
- Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Mamatimin Abbas
- Laurence Vignau
- Galina Dubaceva
- Melany Devynch
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
Domieszkowany jodem oraz domieszkowany jodem ditlenek tytanu uzyto jako warstwę buforową w ogniwie ITO/X-TiO2?P3HT-PCMB /MnO2/ Ag.Warswty X-TiO2 nalożono metodą spin-coatingu z zawiesiny nanocząstek w DMSO. Jednorodne struktury scharakteryzowane pod względem morfologii mikroskopowo metodą AFM. Charakterystyka prądowo-napięciowa urzdzeń wskazuje iż domieszkowany jodem TiO2 pozwala osiągnąć lepsze parametry PCE (1,67%) i prąd zwarcia w stosunku do czystego TiO2 (Jsc =10,66 mA/cm2 dla TiO2-I) . Najwyższą wartość Voc osiągnięto dla ogniwa z warswtą N-TiO2. stabilność ogniw slonecznych jest wyższa , gdy użyto domieszkowanego materialu niemetalami ditlenku tytanu.
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Application of Organic Rankine Cycle as bottoming cycle to conventional heat and power plant
- Dariusz Mikielewicz
- Jan Wajs
- Michał Gliński
- Elżbieta Żmuda
W pracy rozważono możliwość zastosowania układu ORC w skojarzeniu z ciepłownią lub elektrociepłownią celem podniesienia stopnia wykorzystania jednostki CHP podczas eksploatacji w skali roku. Połączenie układu ORC z zawodową jednostką CHP może wpłynąć na wzrost rocznej produkcji energii elektrycznej i jednoczsne zmniejszenie fluktuacji podczas pracy bloku energetycznego. Z jednej strony następuje konwersja energii cieplnej na elektryczną w ORC, a drugiej strony produkcja elektryczności w samym CHP. Takie połączenie obiegów pozwala też na użytkowanie niższych temperatur otoczenia w okresie zimowym.
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Application of the tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (TPTB) assumption to the thermodynamic properties of solvated ions in dimethylsulfoxide
- Dorota Warmińska
- Janusz Stangret
W niniejszej pracy za pomocą spektroskopii ATR FTIR sprawdzano możliwość zastosowania tetrafenyloboranu tetrafenylofosfoniowego w metodzie elektrolitu wzorcowego, służącej do podziału wielkości termodynamicznych elektrolitów w dimetylosulfotlenku na udziały jonowe. Jednoznacznie stwierdzono, że poza termodynamiczne założenie o identycznych oddziaływaniach jonów w elektrolicie wzorcowym z cząsteczkami DMSO jest nieprawdziwe. Uzyskane widma DMSO dowodzą, że kation Ph4P+ nie wpływa na strukturę DMSO, podczas gdy anion tetrafenyloboranowy wyraźnie ja destablilizuje