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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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  • A fair distribution scheme for joint fingerprinting and decryption methods= Sprawiedliwy schemat dystrybucji dla metod łącznego osadzania odcisku palca oraz deszyfracji
    • Bartosz Czaplewski
    2016 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    The paper addresses the fairness of the security provided by digital fingerprinting methods. It was noted that the digital fingerprinting techniques are designed primarily to protect service providers against the actions of malicious users, while honest users remain vulnerable to acts of malicious providers. The paper describes the customer's rights problem and the unbinding problem, which also apply to joint fingerprinting and decryption methods. The author proposes a solution to these problems in the form of fair distribution scheme for joint fingerprinting and decryption methods. The proposed scheme is fair, because it provides the expected protection from the perspective of both the provider and the customer. Mutual authentication is realized using certificates and digital signatures. The scheme does not require that the customer contact with any other party than the seller and, simultaneously, does not require cooperation with the customer during the identification of malicious users.

  • A fast and convenient method for analysis of collagen hydrolysis products Szybka i dogodna metoda analizy produktów hydrolizy kolagenu
    • Stanisław Ostrowski
    • Jerzy Guziński
    • Agnieszka Mikus
    • Paweł Świder
    • Robert Tylingo
    2016 Przemysł Chemiczny

    Polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of collagen from minced animal hide and skin scraps were studied by mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with electrophoresis to det. their mol. mass. The degree of peptides ionisation was ca 50+. This allowed for observation of the large polypeptide chains with mass analyzers with a relatively low m/z range. The electrospray and atm. pressure photoionization techniques were used. The polypeptide fractions formed during the hydrolysis of collagen were easily identified. The mol. mass of the products was 28–82 kDa. Zaproponowano i zweryfikowano szybką i dogodną metodę analizy polipeptydów wytwarzanych przez hydrolizę kolagenu, którego źródłem były rozdrobnione skórki zwierzęce. Badania metodą spektrometrii mas (MS), wspomagane danymi z rozdziału elektroforetycznego, pozwoliły stwierdzić, że cząsteczki polipeptydów jonizują się ok. 50-krotnie. Stosując techniki electrospray (ESI) i fotojonizację pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym (APPI), opracowano sposób identyfikacji frakcji peptydowych zarówno w trakcie hydrolizy, jak również w gotowym produkcie. Znaleziono frakcje o masie cząsteczkowej 28–82 kDa. Wysoki stopień zjonizowania umożliwia obserwację dużych cząsteczek z wykorzystaniem aparatów o stosunkowo niewielkim zakresie pomiaru masy (m/z), co jest niewątpliwą zaletą metody i czyni ją ogólnodostępną.

  • A grey box model of glucose fermentation and syntrophic oxidation in microbial fuel cells
    • Maria Angeles-Fernandez
    • Maria Angeles-sanroman
    • Stanislaw Marks
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Araceli Gonzalez del Campo
    • Manuel Rodrigo
    • Francisco Morales
    2016 Full text BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY

    In this work, the fermentative and oxidative processes taking place in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) fed with glucose were studied and modeled. The model accounting for the bioelectrochemical processes was based on ordinary, Monod-type differential equations. The model parameters were estimated using experimental results obtained from three H-type MFCs operated at open or closed circuits and fed with glucose or ethanol. The experimental results demonstrate that similar fermentation processes were carried out under open and closed circuit operation, with the most important fermentation products being ethanol (with a yield of 1.81 mol mol−1 glucose) and lactic acid (with a yield of 1.36 mol mol−1 glucose). A peak in the electricity generation was obtained when glucose and fermentation products coexisted in the liquid bulk. However, almost 90% of the electricity produced came from the oxidation of ethanol.

  • A handwritten signature verification method employing a tablet
    • Michał Lech
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2016

    A signature verification system based on static features and time-domain functions of signals obtained using a tablet has been presented in the paper. The signature verification method, based mainly on dynamic time warping coupled with some signature image features, has been described. The FRR measures reflecting the method's efficiency have been evaluated for verification attempts performed directly after obtaining model signatures and for reiterated attempts made after two days. The FAR measures have been assessed both: for simple and for skilled forgeries. Obtained results are presented and discussed in the paper.

  • A high-accuracy complex-phase method of simulating X-ray propagation through a multi-lens system
    • S. Kshevetskii
    • Paweł Wojda
    • V. Maximov
    2016 Full text JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

    The propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of many X-ray refractive lenses is considered. For solving the problem for an electromagnetic wave, a finite-difference method is applied. The error of simulation is analytically estimated and investigated. It was found that a very detailed difference grid is required for reliable and accurate calculations of the propagation of X-ray waves through a multi-lens system. The reasons for using a very detailed difference grid are investigated. It was shown that the wave phase becomes a function, very quickly increasing with increasing distance from the optical axis, after the wave has passed through the multi-lens system. If the phase is a quickly increasing function of the coordinates perpendicular to the optical axis, then the electric field of the wave is a quickly oscillating function of these coordinates, and thus a very detailed difference grid becomes necessary to describe such a wavefield. To avoid this difficulty, an equation for the phase function is proposed as an alternative to the equation of the electric field. This allows reliable and accurate simulations to be carried out when using the multi- lens system. An equation for the phase function is derived and used for accurate simulations. The numerical error of the suggested method is estimated. It is shown that the equation for the phase function allows efficient simulations to be fulfilled for the multi-lens system.

  • A high-accuracy method of computation of x-ray waves propagation through an optical system consisting of many lenses
    • S. Kshevetskii
    • Paweł Wojda
    2016 Full text TASK Quarterly

    The propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of many X-ray refractive lenses is considered. Two differential equations are contemplated for solving the problem for electromagnetic wave propagation: first – an equation for the electric field, second – an equation derived for a complex phase of an electric field. Both equations are solved by the use of a finite-difference method. The simulation error is estimated mathematically and investigated. The presented results for equations show that in order to establish a high accuracy computation a much smaller number of points is needed to solve the problem of X-ray waves propagation through a multi-lens system when the method for the second equation is used. The reason for such a result is that the electric field of a wave after passing through many lenses is a quickly oscillating function of coordinates, while the electric field phase is a quickly increasing, but not oscillating function. Therefore, a very detailed difference grid, which is necessary to approximate the considered electric field can be replaced by not such a detailed grid, when computations are made for the complex wave of the electric field. The simulation error of both suggested methods is estimated. It is shown that the derived equation for a phase function allows effiient simulation of propagation of X-rays for the multi-lens optical system.

  • A High-Efficient Low-Voltage Rectifier for CMOS Technology
    • Waldemar Jendernalik
    • Jacek Jakusz
    • Grzegorz Blakiewicz
    • Miron Kłosowski
    2016 Full text Metrology and Measurement Systems

    A new configuration of rectifier suiting CMOS technology is presented. The rectifier consists of only two nchannel MOS transistors, two capacitors and two resistors; for this reason it is very favourable in manufacturing in CMOS technology. With these features the rectifier is easy to design and cheap in production. Despite its simplicity, the rectifier has relatively good characteristics, the voltage and power efficiency, and bandwidth greater than 89%, 87%, and 1 GHz, respectively. The performed simulations and measurements of a prototype circuit fully confirmed its correct operation and advantages.

  • A highly-efficient technique for evaluating bond-orientational order parameters
    • Szymon Winczewski
    • Jacek Dziedzic
    • Jarosław Rybicki
    2016 Full text COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS

    We propose a novel, highly-efficient approach for the evaluation of bond-orientational order parameters (BOPs). Our approach exploits the properties of spherical harmonics and Wigner 3jj-symbols to reduce the number of terms in the expressions for BOPs, and employs simultaneous interpolation of normalised associated Legendre polynomials and trigonometric functions to dramatically reduce the total number of arithmetic operations. Using realistic test cases, we show how the above, combined with a CPU-cache-friendly data structure, leads to a 10 to 50-fold performance increase over approaches currently in use, depending on the size of the interpolation grids and the machine used. As the proposed approach is an approximation, we demonstrate that the errors it introduces are well-behaved, controllable and essentially negligible for practical grid sizes. We benchmark our approach against other structure identification methods (centro-symmetry parameter (CSP), common neighbour analysis (CNA), common neighbourhood parameter (CNP) and Voronoi analysis), generally regarded as much faster than BOPs, and demonstrate that our formulation is able to outperform them for all studied systems.

  • A Mesh Deformation Technique Based on Solid Mechanics for Parametric Analysis of High-Frequency Devices With 3-D FEM
    • Adam Lamęcki
    2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    In this paper, a versatile technique for mesh defor- mation is discussed, targeted at the electromagnetic (EM) field simulation of high-frequency devices using the 3-D finite element method (FEM). The approach proposed applies a linear elasticity model to compute the displacements of the internal mesh nodes in 3-D when the structure geometry is changed. The technique is compared with an alternative approach based on harmonic radial basis functions. It is shown that the numerical effort needed to solve the mechanical problem is small compared with the EM simulation. The proposed mesh deformation technique is verified using the examples of a parametric analysis of high-frequency devices with the 3-D FEM method. The numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed method is fast and gives high-quality meshes, even for very large deformations of geometry. We show that the benefit of the application of mesh deforma- tion techniques is the elimination of the remeshing noise that appears in the parametric analysis of high-frequency circuits with mesh-based methods.

  • A Method for The Assessing of Reliability Characteristics Relevant to an Assumed Position-Fixing Accuracy in Navigational Positioning Systems
    • Cezary Specht
    • Jacek Rudnicki
    2016 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    This paper presents a method which makes it possible to determine reliability characteristics of navigational positioning systems, relevant to an assumed value of permissible error in position fixing. The method allows to calculate: availability , reliability as well as operation continuity of position fixing system for an assumed, determined on the basis of formal requirements - both worldwide and national, position-fixing accuracy. The proposed mathematical model allows to satisfy, by any navigational positioning system, not only requirements as to position-fixing accuracy of a given navigational application (for air , sea or land traffic) but also the remaining characteristics associated with technical serviceability of a system. Essence of the method in question consists in the working-out of recorded empirical position-fixing data as well as the making use of multi-state Markov processes ( appropriate to a maximum error value permissible for various navigational applications ) as a result of which reliability characteristics based on real data would be determined. About usefulness of a given navigational positioning system for its possible application would decide a vector of variables (both dealing with position and reliability) which satisfies / or does not satisfy / formal navigational requirements for a given application.

  • A method of self-testing of an analog circuit terminated by an ADC in electronic embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers
    • Zbigniew Czaja
    2016 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    A new self-testing method of analog parts terminated by an ADC in electronic embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers is presented. It is based on a new fault diagnosis method based on on-line (i.e. during measurement), transformations of voltage samples of the time response of a tested part to a square pulse - onto localization curves placed in the measurement space. The method can be used for fault detection and single soft fault localization.

  • A method to monitor urinary carbon dioxide in patients with septic shock
    • Jim Atherton
    • William E. King
    • Marcin Guziński
    • Artur Jasiński
    • Bradford Pendley
    • Erno Lindner
    • Marcin Guzinski
    2016 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL

    Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions with mortality rates exceeding 31% (Levy et al., 2012) [1]. Septicemia was the most expensive US hospital condition in 2011 (Torio and Andrews, 2006)[2]. Urinary carbon dioxide may provide rapid, clinically useful information about a patient’s status, empowering physicians to intervene earlier and improve septic shock mortality. The objective of this paper is to validate a protocol with a Severinghaus-type CO2 probe for the measurement of urinary CO2 of septic shock patients. This protocol includes (i) sampling urine from a Foley catheter in an intensive care unit setting, (ii) storing samples until analysis at a separate facility, (iii) calibration of the Severinghaustype CO2 sensor, and (iv) measuring urinary CO2 levels. We discuss the preparation and stability of standard solutions, storage of urine samples, and the performance characteristics of the Severinghaus type CO2 sensor in relation to mock urine samples, urine quality control standards, and urine samples from healthy volunteers as well as patients in severe sepsis or septic shock. We report the influence of the sample pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the precision and accuracy of the measurements of urinary CO2 levels and show that the protocol developed for the quantitative assessment of urinary CO2 levels is adequate for the analysis of urine samples collected from a Foley catheter.

  • A mobile hospital – its advantages and functional limitations
    • Jarosław Bąkowski
    2016 Full text International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering

    The idea of a mobile hospital is not entirely new – the need for their use, ranging from military field hospitals to the charity or mass disaster tent cities, shows how much they are needed. While these cases can be reduced to a portable ambulatory unit with a limited scope of outpatient medical activities, a fully functional hospital is a system with a high degree of complexity far exceeding a regime of compact objects. Solutions belonging to the category of mobile architecture are increasingly common, technical and logistic difficulties are solved in a more perfect way. This applies mostly to objects with simple layouts and functional relationships, with relatively little technical equipment. In the case of healthcare facilities there are several factors increasing the difficulty: multitude of functional connections, sanitary requirements, technical equipment, and internal infrastructure. This raises the question if it is possible to build a hospital as a modular and mobile structure. An emergency department (ED), regardless of principles of its operation, is a fully independent unit of a hospital. Depending on the solutions it can operate as a stand-alone entity (as in the American solutions), or in conjunction with the whole hospital (but still autonomously, as in European solutions). Taking some simplifications the ED can be treated as a miniature hospital, in its internal structure one can find all the elements that make up a fully functional hospital and the scale of solutions allows enclosing the ED layout on a relatively small area. Construction of a mobile hospital unit is a task of interest from different points of view: the applicability of this approach includes both the military and civilian objectives. The paper tries to answer the question what terms and conditions must meet the functional system of such a healthcare facility, especially what are the boundaries for the fully functioning emergency mobile hospital. Strictly architectural issues, i.e. the form or construction and materials used to build such structures are out of scope of this paper

  • A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
    • Jerzy Girtler
    2016 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The ar ticle analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combu stion engines, with mar ine engines u sed a s an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaft-piston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.

  • A modern approach to an unmanned vehicle navigation
    • Paweł Burdziakowski
    • Artur Janowski
    • Marek Przyborski
    • Jakub Szulwic
    2016

    A traditional approach to manned vehicles navigation uses a data combined form a variety of navigation sensors like satellite, inertial and time-of-flight. With support of operators perception, chart and sensor, data are analyzed and navigation decisions are made. An unmanned platforms navigation needs an operators support, who is supervising a platforms decision process, basing on navigation data obtained via variety of electronic sensors. Majority of unnamed platform are equipped with a single visible light camera, in order to transmit an actual information on platforms surroundings. It helps operator to react on dynamically changing navigation situation. That fact lead us to a thesis, that a visual data generated by a single nonmetric camera can be a good source of navigation information for plotting own platform trajectory and support an autonomous navigation process.

  • A modern solid waste management strategy – the generation of new by-products
    • Sylwia Fudala-Książek
    • Mattia Pierpaoli
    • Eliza Kulbat
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    2016 WASTE MANAGEMENT

    To benefit the environment and society, EU legislation has introduced a ‘zero waste’ strategy, in which waste material should be converted to resources. Such legislation is supported by the solid waste hierarchy concept, which is a set of priorities in waste management. Under this concept, municipal solid waste plants (MSWPs) should be equipped with sorting and recycling facilities, composting/incineration units and landfill prisms for residual bulk disposal. However, each of the aforementioned facilities generates by-products that must be treated. This project focuses on the leachates from landfill prisms, including modern prism (MP) that meet EU requirements and previous prism (PP) that provide for the storage of permitted biodegradable waste as well as technological wastewaters from sorting unit (SU) and composting unit (CU), which are usually overlooked. The physico-chemical parameters of the liquid by-products collected over 38 months were supported by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) amplifications of functional genes transcripts and a metagenomic approach that describes the archaeal and bacterial community in the MP. The obtained data show that SU and especially CU generate wastewater that is rich in nutrients, organic matter and heavy metals. Through their on-site pre-treatment and recirculation via landfill prisms, the landfill waste decomposition process may be accelerated because of the introduction of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions may be increased. These results have been confirmed by the progressive abundance of both archaeal community and the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene. The resulting multivariate data set, supported by a principal component analysis, provides useful information for the design, operation and risk assessment of modern MSWPs

  • A Multi-Fidelity Surrogate-Model-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Computationally Expensive Optimization Problems
    • Bo Liu
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Qingfu Zhang
    2016 Journal of Computational Science

    Integrating data-driven surrogate models and simulation models of different accuracies (or fideli-ties) in a single algorithm to address computationally expensive global optimization problems has recently attracted considerable attention. However, handling discrepancies between simulation models with multiple fidelities in global optimization is a major challenge. To address it, the two major contributions of this paper include: (1) development of a new multi-fidelity surrogate-model-based optimization framework, which substantially improves reliability and efficiency of optimiza-tion compared to many existing methods, and (2) development of a data mining method to address the discrepancy between the low- and high-fidelity simulation models. A new efficient global optimization method is then proposed, referred to as multi-fidelity Gaussian process and radial basis function-model-assisted memetic differential evolution. Its advantages are verified by mathematical benchmark problems and a real-world antenna design automation problem.

  • A new assay for the simultaneous identification and differentiation of Klebsiella oxytoca strains.
    • Karolina Stojowska-Swędrzyńska
    • Beata Krawczyk
    2016 Full text APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

    Klebsiella oxytoca is the second most frequently identified species of Klebsiella isolated from hospitalized patients. Klebsiella spp. is difficult to identify using conventional methods and is often misclassified in clinical microbiology laboratories. K. oxytoca is responsible for an increasing number of multi-resistant infections in hospitals because of insufficient detection and identification. In this study, we propose a new simple method called pehX-LM PCR/XbaI, which simultaneously indicates K. oxytoca species and genotype by the fingerprint pattern. The pehX-LM PCR/XbaI is a combination of the following two methods: species-specific amplification of pehX gene and non-specific amplification of short restriction fragments by the LM PCR method. The specificity and the discrimination power of the pehX-LM PCR/XbaI method were determined by typing 209 K. oxytoca strains (included 9 reference strains), 28 K. pneumoniae, and other 25 strains belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. The typing results were confirmed by the PCR melting profile method. Unlike the known fingerprinting methods, the pehX-LM PCR/XbaI leads to a clear pattern (approx. 3-5 bands) with a sufficient, relatively high discriminatory power. As a result, the time and cost of a single analysis are lower. The method can be used both in clinical and environmental research.

  • A new diagnostic IR-thermal imaging method for evaluation of cardiosurgery procedures
    • Mariusz Kaczmarek
    2016 Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

    Two methods for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging are presented below. These methods, called static thermography and active dynamic thermography (ADT), use information about the distribution of temperature on the surface, and an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording the time series of thermograms allows calculating parametric images – the distribution of the thermal time constant on the visible surface of the myocardium – correlated with the physiological state of the tested tissues. The temperature allows monitoring of vascularization in each phase of cardiosurgical interventions. This is a perfect method for the evaluation of the quality of the inserted graft, as well as the efficiency of cardioplegia, and the quality of many surgical procedures in clinical practice. Such monitoring is prompt, easy and objective, especially if dynamic processes are investigated. During LAD occlusion, the ADT procedure was applied using a cooling external excitation source. In summary, the calculated time constant images provide data of the tested structure and functional information of myocardium infarct. This allows tracking changes in the blood flow in the myocardium and enables the inspection of the quality of the intervention during cardiosurgical procedures.

  • A new diagnostic method for evaluation of cardiosurgery wound healing
    • Antoni Zbigniew Nowakowski
    • Piotr Siondalski
    • Mateusz Moderhak
    • Mariusz Kaczmarek
    2016 QIRT Journal

    One of important and still unsolved problems in medicine is the question of objective and quantitative evaluation of post-surgery wound healing. The aim of this research is to analyse possibility and value of using the newly elaborated infrared imaging procedure – Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) – for quantitative description of wound healing processes in cardiosurgery. Both, classical thermal figures of merit as well as ADT descriptors are compared from the point of view of objective, quantitative estimation of wound state. Temporal properties of thermal transients are proposed for objective quantitative description of a tested wound and for classification of healing processes as normal or suspected, requesting a special care. Algorithms enabling evaluation of surgical wound healing process are discussed in terms of possible implementation of the method into clinical practice for proper classification of patients for discharging from a hospital and further treatment at home or for prolonged treatment at the hospital.