2016 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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Effect of cooking on the contents of glucosinolates and their degradation products in selected Brassica vegetables
- Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Teresa Leszczyńska
- Barbara Borczak
2016 Full text Journal of Functional Foods
Changes in the levels of glucosinolates and their degradation products in selected Brassica vegetables due to the cooking process were investigated. The purple cauliflower was found to be the best source of aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, and it was also abundant in compounds such as sinigrin, glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. As a result of cooking rutabaga, green cauliflower and purple cauliflower, a significant decrease was noted in total glucosinolates (6.6, 68.9 and 69.2%, respectively) compared to raw vegetables. The hydrothermal processing applied led to a decline in the sum of indoles and isothiocyanates of 48.5 and 11.0%, respectively, in green cauliflower; and of 75.8 and 42.4%, respectively, in purple cauliflower; whereas, in rutabaga it led to an increase of 142.9 and 329.4%, respectively, compared with raw vegetables.
Effect of culinary treatment on chnages in the contents of selected nutrients and non-nutrients in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
- Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Teresa Leszczyńska
- Barbara Borczak
2016 Full text JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
Kale has a great nutritive value, very high antioxidant activity and pro-healthypotential. The level of phytochemicals and related bioactive compounds arestrongly dependent on pre and postharvest stages of production chain (domestic orindustrial). The study investigated changes in the levels of vitamin C, b-carotene,total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, degradation products of glucosinolates aswell as nitrates and nitrites in the kale due to the conventional cooking process. Asa result of cooking kale, a signiﬁcant decrease was noted in the content of vitaminC, polyphenols, diindolilometan, indole-3-acetic acid and nitrate and nitrites, and asigniﬁcant growth in the content of b-carotene, indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-acetonitrile, total indoles and total isothiocyanate compared with the raw vegetable.It has been found that kale, fresh and cooked, had similar antioxidative potential.
Effect of different crystalline structures on W/O and O/W/O wax emulsion stability
- Patrycja Szumała
- Natalia Luty
2016 COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
tThe possibility of emulsion stabilization using mineral and vegetable wax particles only (without sur-factant) was investigated. Mineral waxes, paraffin wax and ceresin, and a vegetable wax, carnauba wax,were used. The content of the wax particles and the water to oil proportion were found crucial for thestability of all emulsions. Some emulsions were also produced with a liquid wax (i.e. jojoba oil). Themultiple light scattering method was used to determine the stability of emulsion systems during storage.The presence of crystalline structures were confirmed by microscopic analysis.The results show that all tested waxes can independently stabilize emulsion systems. The wax crystal-lization directly on the droplet surface provided stability against droplet coalescence while the continuousphase wax crystals reduced inter-droplet collisions. However, the effective protection against coalescenceand the phase separation takes only place in the presence of appropriate amounts of different waxes andwith specific proportions of water to oil phases. The emulsions type was denoted as W/O in the presenceof mineral waxes and O/W/O in systems with vegetable wax. Emulsions with jojoba oil and mineral waxeshad a similar stability compare to emulsions with the same composition but without the liquid wax. Incontrast, phase separation were observed in emulsions obtained with two vegetable components (jojobaoil and carnauba wax).It might have been associated with a high wettability of the carnauba wax surface by jojoba oil that couldhave made the wax particles unsuitable for Pickering stabilization of emulsion.
Effect of electron count and chemical complexity in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor
- Fabian von Rohr
- Michał Jerzy Winiarski
- Jing Tao
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Robert J. Cava
2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
High-entropy alloys are made from random mixtures of principal elements on simple lattices, stabilized by a high mixing entropy. The recently discovered body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor appears to display properties of both simple crystalline intermetallics and amorphous materials; e.g., it has a well-defined superconducting transition along with an exceptional robustness against disorder. Here we showthat the valence electron count dependence of the superconducting transition temperature in the high-entropy alloy falls between those of analogous simple solid solutions and amorphous materials and test the effect of alloy complexity on the superconductivity. We propose high-entropy alloys as excellent intermediate systems for studying superconductivity as it evolves between crystalline and amorphous materials.
Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology and selected properties of natural rubber-based composites
- Janusz Datta
- Paulina Kasprzyk
- Marcin Włoch
2016 Full text IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize the natural rubber vulcanizates contained different amounts of titanium dioxide particles. At first rubber mixture was prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill and then samples were vulcanized in a hydraulic press. The formulation of rubber mixture and rubber-processing technique is based on our earlier investigations. Materials were obtained at the different titanium dioxide loadings i.e. of 15, 25, 45, 85 parts by weight per hundred parts of natural rubber. This research is focused on the determine the influence of different loadings of titanium oxide particles on the chemical structure, morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of natural rubber-based composites. It was found that vulcanizates with different amounts of TiO2 particles possess good characteristic in the terms of all measured properties. The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the chemical structure of the obtained natural-based composites was not influenced by presence of titanium dioxide particles. The SEM micrographs showed uniform dispersion of TiO2 in the natural rubber matrix. For the higher content of TiO2 in natural rubber the agglomerates of filler appear. The Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed slightly different thermal stability of obtained natural rubber composites. The Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) showed that prepared materials have similar glass transition temperatures. However, increasing content of titanium dioxide in obtained materials is connected with higher energy loss (higher dissipation of energy) during the mechanical work of material and higher cross-link density of prepared materials
Effect of Impoundment on Physico-chemical Properties of Water in the Flowing through stream, the Case of the Turawa Reservoir
- Marek Ruman
- Żaneta Polkowska
- Bogdan Zygmunt
2016
The Turawa reservoir is one of the most important storage reservoirs in Poland. Quite many physico-chemical parameters of water in the reservoir itself and also in the Mała Panew, the river flowing through the reservoir were measured at various periods of the year. Measuring and sampling points were situated at the river inflow, over the reservoir, and at the river outflow. The parameters included temperature, electrical conductivity, total hardness, salinity, oxygenation conditions, pH, concentration of organic matter, nutrient anions and cations and some other cationic metals and also heavy metals in different chemical forms, periods of ice laying on the river, algal blooms, etc. The differences in the parameters, their origin and consequences were thoroughly discussed.
Effect of Linear Energy and Microstructure on the Content of Residual Hydrogen in Welded Joints made of Superduplex Steels
- Aleksandra Świerczyńska
- Jerzy Łabanowski
- Dariusz Fydrych
2016 Full text Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
The article presents tests concerning the content of retained hydrogen present in FCAW and SAW welded joints made of superduplex steel. The use of various welding technologies resulted in the obtainment of welds having different microstructures and ferrite contents. Measurements of retained hydrogen present in joints (performed using the complete combustion method) revealed various contents of hydrogen in the base material and in the welds subjected to the tests. It was determined that the content of hydrogen in welds made of superduplex steels depends not only on the volumetric content of microstructures but also on their composition and welding linear energy.
Effect of long term service at elevated temperatures on mechanical properties of Manaurite XM reformer tubes
- Jerzy Łabanowski
- Michał Jurkowski
- Michał Landowski
2016 Full text Advances in Materials Science
Microstructure transformations occur in the Manaurite XM cast steel tubes during long-term operation in the reformer furnace were revealed and described. The rela tionship between mechanical properties, an increase of internal diameter of the tube and microstructure degradation is discussed. Static tensile test was performed on two types of samples with different shapes. It has been shown differences in the results of tests and an explanation of this phenomenon.
Effect of Maximal Breath Hold Apnea on Pial Artery Pulsation and Subarachnoid Width in Human
- Paweł J. Winklewski
- Jacek Wolf
- Ewa Świerblewska
- Katarzyna Kunicka
- Marcin Gruszecki
- Wojciech Gumiński
- Magdalena Wszędybył-Winklewska
- Andrzej F. Frydrychowski
- Leszek Bieniaszewski
- Krzysztof Narkiewicz
2016 JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
Little is known about intracranial pressure (ICP)-cerebral hemodynamic interplay during maximal breath-hold apnea. A recently developed method based on near-infrared transillumination/backscattering sounding (NIR-T/BSS) noninvasively measures changes in pial artery pulsation (cc-TQ) as well as subarachnoid width (sas-TQ) in humans. Changes in sas-TQ correlate with ICP to a considerable extent, whereas cc-TQ reflects the functional status of the pial artery. We tested the complex response of the pial artery and subarachnoid width to apnea using this method.
Effect of mesh deformation on the accuracy of 3D FEM electromagnetic analysis
- Adam Lamęcki
- Łukasz Balewski
- Michał Mrozowski
2016
In this paper, the accuracy of 3D FEM electromagnetic simulations in parametric analysis using mesh deformation techniques is discussed. Mesh deformation techniques allow one to preserve the mesh topology while the geometry is changed. It is shown that the application of mesh deformation can provide accurate simulation results even for very large deformations. On the other hand, it is also shown that the technique has to be used with special care, as in certain cases it may lead to less accurate results than the standard approach in which the mesh is regenerated from scratch.
EFFECT OF NANOFLUID CONCENTRATION ON TWO-PHASE THERMOSYPHON HEAT EXCHANGER PERFORMANCE
- Janusz Cieśliński
2016 Full text Archives of Thermodynamics
An approach – relaying on application of nanofluid as a working fluid, to improve performance of the two-phase thermosyphon heat exchanger (TPTHEx) has been proposed. The prototype heat exchanger consists of two horizontal cylindrical vessels connected by two risers and a downcomer. Tube bundles placed in the lower and upper cylinders work as an evaporator and a condenser, respectively. Distilled water and nanofluid water-Al2O3 solution were used as working fluids. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01% and 0.1% by weight. A modified Peclet equation and Wilson method were used to estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient of the tested TPTHEx. The obtained results indicate better performance of the TPTHEx with nanofluids as working fluid compared to distilled water, independent of nanoparticle concentration tested. However, increase in nanoparticle concentration results in overall heat transfer coefficient decrease of the TPTHEx examined. It has been observed that, independent of nanoparticle concentration tested, decrease in operating pressure results in evaporation heat transfer coefficient increase.
Effect of Pendolino high-speed rail on the structure of buildings located the proximity of the railway tracks
- Karol Grębowski
2016 Full text International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
The following research focuses on the dynamic analysis of the impact of the high-speed train inducted vibrations on the structures located near railway tracks. The office complex chosen as the subject of calculations is located in the northern part of Poland, in Gdańsk, in the proximity of Pendolino, the high speed train route. The high speed trains are the response for the growing needs for more efficient railway system. However with higher speed of the train the railway inducted vibrations might cause more harmful resonance in the structures of the nearby buildings. The damage severity depends on many factors such as duration of said resonance and the presence of additional loads. The studies and analyses helped to determinate the method of evaluating the impact of railway inducted vibrations on any building structure. The dynamic analysis presented in the research is an example of such method which allows to effectively calculate the impact of vibrations via SOFISTIK program.
Effect of plasma sprayed and laser re-melted Al2O3 coatings on hardness and wear properties of stainless steel
- Marek Szkodo
- Anna Bień
- Michał Antoszkiewicz
2016 Full text CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Commercially available austenic stainless steel substrate was coated with commercially available, raw Al2O3 powder applied by means of plasma spraying method and then re-melted with CO2 laser beam of various parameters. Tribological and mechanical properties of the 120 J/mm and 160 J/mm laser re-melted coatings were compared with the tribological and mechanical properties of the “as-sprayed” coating. The influence of the laser beam of various parameters on the microstructure, phase constituents, and mechanical and tribological properties of the ceramic coating was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, computer tomography, X-ray diffraction technique and nanoindentation tests. The micro sliding wear performance of the coatings was tested using a nanoindenter. The study showed an improvement of the mechanical and tribological properties caused by the laser treatment. The best results were achieved for coating re-melted with 120 J/mm laser beam.
Effect of Semiconductor Element Substitution on the Electric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
- B Garbarz-Glos
- Agata Lisińska-Czekaj
- Dionizy Czekaj
- W Bąk
2016 Full text ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
The investigated ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction from simple oxides and carbonates with the use of a mixed oxide method (MOM). The morphology of BaTi0.96Si0.04O3 (BTSi04) ceramics was characterised by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that Si+4 ion substitution supported the grain growth process in BT-based ceramics. The EDS results confirmed the high purity and expected quantitative composition of the synthesized material. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined within the temperature range (ΔT=130-500K). It was found that the substitution of Si+4 ions had a significant influence on temperature behavior of the real (ε’) and imaginary (ε”) parts of electric permittivity as well as the temperature dependence of a.c. conductivity. Temperature regions of PTCR effect (positive temperature coefficient of resistivity) were determined for BTSi04 ceramics in the vicinity of structural phase transitions typical for barium titanate. No distinct maximum indicating a low-temperature structural transition to a rhombohedral phase in BTSi04 was found. The activation energy of conductivity was determined from the Arrhenius plots. It was found that substitution of Si ions in amount of 4wt.% caused almost 50% decrease in an activation energy value.
EFFECT OF SURFACE STATE AND STRESS ON AN OXIDATION OF THE ZIRCALOY-2 ALLOY
- Anna Hernik
- Grzegorz Gajowiec
- Waldemar Serbiński
- Andrzej Zieliński
2016 International Journal of Managent Information Technology Engineering
Zr alloys are widely used as materials for nuclear fuel pellets in the nuclear industry. In the case of the LOCA or RIA happen, a temperature may locally reach high values. Even if the high temperature maintains shortly, the zirconium oxides may become permeable, absorb hydrogen appearing in cooling water from decomposition reaction and crack because of formation and brittle failure of hydrides. Such model cannot so far take into account that high-temperature oxidation of Zr claddings may also result in an appearance of significant intrinsic stresses, which cause the faster descaling and cracking of the layer, thus making a hydrogen entry into the bulk more rapid. It also neglects the real surface state of commercial Zr, which may possess the surface damage and cracks. The present research was aimed at examination of an appearance and degradation of the oxide layers in the Zircaloy-2 nuclear material on round as-received specimens. The tests were performed by an oxidation of the alloy in the air at temperatures ranged between 350 and 900°C for time 0.25 or 0.5 h, corresponding to conditions of the nuclear accident. The cracks observed at relatively low temperature followed by the oxide descaling can be explained regarding already existing cracks and high intrinsic stresses appearing on the surface of small diameter rods and tubes.
Effect of the inclination angle of the condenser on the heat transfer coefficient value – experimental study
- Henryk Charun
- Marian Czapp
- Stanisław Czapp
- Magdalena Orłowska
2016 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
When considering problem of the condensation of the refrigerant in a flow inside channel, one needs to pay attention to the shape of its cross-section, the hydraulic diameter, the channel length as well as the orientation of the channel axis in space (horizontal, vertical, inclined). This paper presents an experimental study concerning the effect of the inclination angle of the condenser with a single coil pipe on the heat transfer coefficient value. In the laboratory test the air-cooled condenser with refrigerant R410A has been investigated. The test has proved that during the condensation in a single inclined pipe channel there is a specific value of the inclination angle at which the highest value of the heat transfer coefficient is obtained.
Effect of Thermal Shock During Legionella Bacteria Removal on the Corrosion Properties of Zinc-Coated Steel Pipes
- Juliusz Orlikowski
- Jacek Ryl
- Agata Jażdżewska
- Stefan Krakowiak
2016 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
The purpose of this investigation was to conduct the failure analysis of a water-supply system made from zinc-coated steel. The observed corrosion process had an intense and complex character. The brownish deposits and perforations were present after 2-3 years of exploitation. The electrochemical study based on the Tafel polarization, corrosion potential monitoring, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy together with microscopic analysis via SEM and EDX were performed in order to identify the cause of such intense corrosion. The performed measurements allowed us to determine that thermal shock was the source of polarity-reversal phenomenon. This process had begun the corrosion of steel which later led to the formation of deposits and perforations in the pipes. The work includes appropriate action in order to efficiently identify the described corrosion threat.
Effective method for determining environmental loads on supporting structures for offshore wind turbines
- Paweł Dymarski
- Ewelina Ciba
- Tomasz Marcinkowski
2016 Full text Polish Maritime Research
This paper presents a description of an effective method for determining loads due to waves and current acting on the supporting structures of the offshore wind turbines. This method is dedicated to the structures consisting of the cylindrical or conical elements as well as (truncates) pyramids of polygon with a large number of sides (8 or more). The presented computational method is based on the Morison equation, which was originally developed only for cylindrically shaped structures. The new algorithm shown here uses the coefficients of inertia and drag forces that were calculated for non-cylindrical shapes. The analysed structure consists of segments which are truncated pyramids on the basis of a hex decagon. The inertia coefficients, CM, and drag coefficients, CD, were determined using RANSE-CFD calculations. The CFD simulations were performed for a specific range of variation of the period, and for a certain range of amplitudes of the velocity. In addition, the analysis of influence of the surface roughness on the inertia and drag coefficients was performed. In the next step, the computations of sea wave, current and wind load on supporting structure for the fifty-year storm were carried out. The simulations were performed in the time domain and as a result the function of forces distribution along the construction elements was obtained. The most unfavourable distribution of forces will be used, to analyse the strength of the structure, as the design load.
Effectiveness of a mathematical model in simulating nonlinear mechanical behaviour of a seismic isolation system made of polymeric bearings
- Tomasz Falborski
- Robert Jankowski
2016 Full text Czasopismo Techniczne
The present study was focused on determining the effectives of a nonlinear mathematical model in simulating complex mechanical behaviour of a seismic isolation system made of Polymeric Bearings. The proposed mathematical model defines the lateral force as a nonlinear function of the shear displacement and the deformation velocity. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model was verified by comparing the seismic response of a 2.30 m high two-storey structure model with the results obtained from the detailed numerical analysis. The results obtained from the numerical investigation using lumped-mass models confirmed that the proposed nonlinear mathematical model can be successfully adopted to simulate the complex mechanical behaviour of the Polymeric Bearings in numerical studies.
Effects of artificial lighting on bioactivity of sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
- Jong-Hyang Bae
- Yong Seo Park
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Gülçin Ilhami
- Tae-Choon Kim
- Ho-Cheol Kim
- Buk-Gu Heo
- Shela Gorinstein
- Yang-Gyu Ku
2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Recent studies have shown that artificial light effectively promotes the growth and development of red peppers when light spectra, intensities and duration are controlled. Cited reports deal mostly with studies involving with the growth stages of pepper. Changes in the biochemical status of plants were not studied. Therefore, this study focuses on the changes in the content of some bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacities) after artificial lightening [high-pressure sodium and light-emitting plasma (LEP) lamps] during the cultivation of sweet red pepper. The bioactive compounds differ slightly, depending on the source of light. Fluorescence spectra showed higher binding properties of LEP polyphenol extracts to human serum albumin (HSA) than other samples. FTIR peaks were similar in their polyphenols region for all investigated samples.