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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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  • Models of Structures in Didactics
    • Stefan Niewitecki
    2016 Full text Procedia Engineering

    The final aim of teaching students subjects, such as structural mechanics, reinforced concrete, and steel structures is to teach them how structures work in a given building as well as to provide them with skills enabling them to calculate and design structures. The behavioral model of the structure, contrary to the architectural model, which focuses mainly on the external form of the building, shows workings from both the static and dynamic points of view (e.g., the influence of the wind load, dead loads, and imposed loads) A series of fifteen behavioral models constructed of organic glass (poly-methyl methacrylate, also called Plexiglas® or metaplex) was built for didactic purposes for the academic staff of the Department of the Technical Fundamentals of Architectural Design at the University of Technology in Gdansk. This article presents the characteristics of these models, as well as their application in didactics. The usage of the models in specific educational subjects at the Department of the Technical Fundamentals of Architectural Design has been adopted as a classification criterion.

  • Modern Management Challenges of Floating Housing Development
    • Emilia Miszewska
    2016 Full text Real Estate Management and Valuation

    The aim of the article is to identify factors that determine the development and management models of floating housing development in the analyzed countries. The author indicates factors determining the possibility of settling on bodies of water in Poland, and restrictions connected with this type of development, as well as the need for specialized persons and companies ready to meet the challenges of the modern management of hydro-technical facilities, including floating housing development. In Western Europe, living on water is gaining in popularity. People have begun to dwell on water because of rising land prices, congestion in cities and work related to the use of rivers for the transport of goods. The popularity of housing on water in the Netherlands results from environmental conditions. About 60% of the Netherlands is below the sea level. For hundreds of years, the population of the Netherlands has been battling with the elements, while being exposed to continuously rising sea levels, which has been a consequence of the greenhouse effect. Environmental changes have caused a change in government policy, which began to support construction activity on water, adapted regulations and changed office holders. In North America, especially in the United States, the identification of residents with their neighborhoods of houses on water is so high that it has resulted in the formation of communities uniting owners of residential watercrafts, who have succeeded in homes on water becoming recognized as real estate and, consequently, now have the same rights as residents of houses on land. In Poland, housing estates on water are slowly gaining popularity but no factors determining the development of this type of settlement have been established. An analysis of the situation in Poland reveals many factors limiting the functional use of houses on water and a lack of specialists in the management of hydro-technical facilities. Therefore, on the basis of examples of countries in Western Europe and North America given in this article, the author tries to define the responsibilities of managers and an appropriate management model for housing estates on water in Poland, as well as indicate problems with the development of housing on water and their possible solutions.

  • Modern solutions in the field of microextraction using liquid as a medium of extraction
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Katarzyna Owczarek
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    The monitoring of compounds present in samples at trace/ultra-trace level usually requires a preliminary step of isolation and/or enrichment of analytes. Against, sample preparation is considered as crucial part of whole analytical procedures, in particular in samples characterized by complex matrices composition. Several new miniaturized extraction techniques is introduced and extensively applied to different type of samples. Here you can highlight solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME). LPME was introduced to overcome drawbacks of liquid liquid extraction (LLE). Based on the recently published literature data, this review provides an update of the most important features and application of LPME. Comparison of these techniques have been made. Moreover, application of different type of LPME techniques for the extraction of different kind of materials such as biological, environmental, pharmaceutical and food was summarized.

  • Modern trends in solid phase extraction: New sorbent media
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Based on the recently published literature, this review provides an update of the most important features and application of formats and devices employed in solid phase extraction (SPE). Special attention was paid on new trapping media proposed in SPE prior the chromatography analysis, based on the use of nanostructured materials, including carbon nanomaterials, electrospun nanofibers, dendrimes and magnetic nanoparticles, molecular recognition sorbents, as aptamers, immunosorbents, molecular imprinted polymers, ion imprinting polymers, metal-organic frameworks and restricted access materials. Discussions on the present limitations as well as expected future trends of the new trapping media in sample preparation for the improvement of the analytical determinations were made. Moreover, application of SPE for the extraction of different kind of materials; such as biological, environmental, pharmaceutical and food samples was summarized.

  • MODERNIST, 1920S AND 1930S INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORT OF GDYNIA - IN SEARCH OF AN AESTHETIC LANGUAGE FOR UTILITARIAN BUILDINGS OF THE POLISH GATEWAY TO THE WORLD
    • Anna Orchowska-Smolińska
    2016

    The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research on the aspects of the Port of Gdynia modernist architecture aesthetics. Its construction was one of the two major projects carried out in the interwar period in Poland. In the course of analyses it has been attempted to answer the question whether an individual aesthetic language has been created in the 1920s and 1930s for the industrial architecture of the Polish port. The basis for the characteristics is the comparative analysis of the archival design documentation and photographs, presenting the designers’ ideas and the buildings’ condition soon after their construction. The background of the analyses were the changes taking place in architecture in the first half of the 20th century. Mainly of industrial character, the port complex has been filled with buildings in which purely utilitarian elements are predominant, but a deeper analysis has also proved a broad aesthetic dimension of this architecture. The examples of facades and interiors have shown a wide range of stylistic measures, both universal for the modernism period, as well as ones dedicated to the Gdynia’s port architecture. The discussed issues aim at a better recognition of the Port of Gdynia, which is a significant part of the national cultural heritage.

  • Modernist Gdynia. Challanges of Heritage-Based Development
    • Marek Stępa
    • Robert Hirsch
    2016

    Tekst przedstawia kompleksową politykę ochrony zabytków na terenie śródmieścia Gdyni, które ma status Pomnika Historii, w powiązaniu z planowanym rozwojem i modernizacją

  • Modernizacja podwórza modernistycznej kamienicy gdyńskiej
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2016 Przegląd Budowlany

    W artykule przedstawiono opis programu remontowego konstrukcji podziemnje hali garażowej, pomieszczen piwnicznych oraz żelbetowej altany usytuowanej na podwórzu modernistycznej kamienicy opracowanych z zachowaniem ich unikatowych walorów zabytkowych.

  • Modernizacja zabytkowych przęseł Lentze'a mostu drogowego przez rzekę Wisłę w Tczewie. Założenia i analizy numeryczne.
    • Maciej Malinowski
    • Anna Banaś
    • Marcin Jeszka
    • Arkadiusz Sitarski
    • Witold Kosecki
    2016

    W pracy przedstawiono opis aktualnej konstrukcji, założenia modernizacji przęseł zabytkowych drogowego mostu przez rzekę Wisłę w Tczewie. Omówiono modele MES oraz wyniki analiz numerycznych analizowanych przęseł mostu.

  • Modification of microporous polyurethane elastomers with different types of ash—morphological, mechanical, and thermal studies
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Monika Mikicka
    • Magdalena Danowska
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    2016 POLYMER COMPOSITES

    Incorporation of wood ash particles from wood gasification into microporous polyurethane elastomers has been investigated and compared to addition of commercially available microspheres resulting from coal burning. Samples were modified with 3 and 6 wt% of fillers. Structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of obtained elastomers were investigated. Incorporation of both types of ash particles decreased the density of polyurethanes simultaneously increasing their tensile strength and elongation at break. Addition of microspheres caused changes in segment structure of polyurethane, which had negative impact on thermal stability. Although the use of ash from wood pyrolysis enhanced thermal stability of elastomers, causing “labyrinth effect”, which inhibited significantly thermal degradation of material. Results of research show that wood ash can be successfully used as a modifier of mechanical and thermal properties in polyurethane elastomers.

  • Modification of the operating point of residual current transformers for high frequency earth fault currents detection
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Krzysztof Dobrzyński
    • Jacek Klucznik
    • Zbigniew Lubośny
    • Robert Kowalak
    2016

    For protection against electric shock in low voltage systems residual current devices are commonly used. However, their proper operation can be interfered when earth fault current with high frequency components occurs. Serious hazard of electrocution exists then. One of the most important element of residual current devices is a residual current transformer with iron core. Tripping characteristic of residual current devices strictly depends on the operating point and properties of the current transformer. This paper presents problems of the operation of the residual current transformer in presence of high frequency current components.

  • Modular high precision high current source for special applications — Simulation and verification
    • Marcin Parchomiuk
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Krzysztof Zymmer
    • Tomasz Sak
    2016

    This paper presents selected issues concerning realization of high precision high current source for special applications, where high demands of output parameters of such device are required. A new 80 kW prototype of modular high precision high current source is presented, where output current accuracy reaches 5x10-5. This paper presents also results of operation of the simulation model and of the prototype converter. In order to achieve high precision output parameters a modular structure and new control algorithm is proposed

  • Modular multipulse voltage source inverters with integrating coupled reactors
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Tomasz Sak
    • Natalia Strzelecka
    2016

    A novel approach to the voltage source inverters (VSI) construction is presented in the paper. The invented inverter structures allow to operate several DC/AC converters in parallel resulting in lower voltage distortions at extremely low switching frequency. The research presented in the paper describes such a parallel operation of the VSI’s which is possible thanks to the use of coupled inductors. The eighteen-pulse and twenty-four-pulse three-level converter was validated by the simulation and the prototype tests and the results of the examination are presented in the paper.

  • Modyfikacja połączenia dźwigara ze słupem w konstrukcji stalowej Terminalu T2 Portu Lotniczego w Gdańsku
    • Marek Szafrański
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    2016 Full text Materiały Budowlane

    W2015 r. ukończono rozbudowę Terminalu T2 Portu Lotniczego im. Lecha Wałęsy wGdańsku. Politechnika Gdańska pełniła nadzór naukowy nad rozbudową obiektu. Wykonano wiele analiz, których celem była weryfikacja pracy konstrukcji w fazach montażu oraz w stanie docelowym. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań doprowadziły do modyfikacji oparcia dźwigarów dachowych na stalowych słupach nośnych, z uwagi na stwierdzone lokalne przekroczenia naprężeń granicznych. Artykuł prezentuje główne założenia, rezultaty i wnioski z przeprowadzonych obliczeń oraz zaprojektowane rozwiązanie naprawcze przeciążonych stref. Działania naprawcze zrealizowano w trakcie prac montażowych.

  • Modyfikacja β-cyklodekstryny w celu uzyskania pH czułego nośnika leków antracyklinowych
    • Dorota Martynow
    2016

    W 2012 roku 68% zgonów było spowodowanych przez choroby niezakaźne takie, jak nowotwory, choroby układu krążenia, przewlekłe choroby układu oddechowego [1]. Zgodnie z danymi Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (ang. World Health Organization, WHO) w 2012 roku 32,6 miliona osób cierpiało z powodu chorób nowotworowych, a 8,2 miliona zmarło z ich powodu [2]. Szacowane jest, że z roku na rok odsetek osób chorujących na choroby nowotworowe i umierających z tego powodu będzie coraz większy. Pomimo lat walki z nowotworami, nadal nie znaleziono skutecznego leku, który nie wywołuje silnych działań niepożądanych. W ostatnich latach naukowcy zajmujący się terapiami przeciwnowotworowymi zwracają się ku nanotechnologii i chemii supramolekularnej. Obranym kierunkiem działania jest połączenie ich z tradycyjnymi metodami leczenia nowotworów. Łącząc nanomateriały z cytostatykami używanymi powszechnie w chemioterapii można uzyskać układ nośnik-lek, który potencjalnie może zapewnić celowanie leku do wybranej zmiany nowotworowej. Taka taktyka umożliwia zmniejszenie działań niepożądanych leku, zmianę jego właściwości fizyko-chemicznych, co wiąże się ze skuteczniejszym zwalczaniem nowotworu. Do niniejszego projektu wybrane zostały leki antracyklinowe, które są jednymi z najskuteczniejszych i najczęściej stosowanych cytostatyków używanych obecnie w chemioterapii. Ich działanie polega na tworzeniu kompleksów z kwasem deoksyrybonukleinowym (ang. deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA), co doprowadza do śmierci komórkowej. Wadą antracyklin jest silna kardiotoksyczność. Jako bazę nośnika, którą następnie zmodyfikowano, wybrano β-cyklodekstrynę zbudowaną z jednostek glukozowych, co umożliwia nieszkodliwe dostarczenie leku do wybranego miejsca w organizmie. Cechą, którą wykorzystano w badanym układzie jest obniżone pH w komórkach nowotworu, które jest spowodowane jego budową i biochemią tak różną od budowy i biochemii zdrowych komórek. Tę właściwość można wykorzystać jako bodziec do uwalniania cytostatyka z wybranego nośnika. Otrzymane próbki zbadano pod względem strukturalnym przy pomocy spektroskopii magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego NMR, spektroskopii w podczerwieni z wykorzystaniem transformaty Fouriera FT-IR i spektroskopii mas. Dalsze badanie polegało na sprawdzeniu oddziaływań badanych kompleksów zmodyfikowanej β-cyklodekstryny i daunorubicyny z DNA, zbadanie ich stechiometrii, kinetyki i wyznaczenie stałej trwałości kompleksu przy pomocy spektrofotometrii UV-vis i woltamperometrii cyklicznej.

  • Molecular basis of the osmolyte effect on protein stability: a lesson from the mechanical unfolding of lysozyme
    • Beata Adamczak
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Mateusz Kogut
    • Janusz Stangret
    • Jacek Czub
    2016 Full text BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    Osmolytes are a class of small organic molecules that shift the protein folding equilibrium. For this reason, they are accumulated by organisms under environmental stress, and find applications in biotechnology where proteins need to be stabilized or dissolved. However, despite years of research, debate continues over the exact mechanisms underpinning the stabilizing and denaturing effect of osmolytes. Here, we simulated the mechanical denaturation of lysozyme in different solvent conditions to study the molecular mechanism by which two biologically relevant osmolytes, denaturing (urea) and stabilizing (betaine), affect the folding equilibrium. We found that urea interacts favorably with all types of residues via both hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces, and therefore accumulates in a diffuse solvation shell around the protein. This not only provides an enthalpic stabilization of the unfolded state, but also weakens the hydrophobic effect, as hydrophobic forces promote the association of urea with non-polar residues, facilitating the unfolding. In contrast, we observed that betaine is excluded from the protein backbone and non-polar side chains but is accumulated near the basic residues, yielding a non-uniform distribution of betaine molecules at the protein surface. Spatially resolved solvent-protein interaction energies further suggested that betaine behaves in a ligand- rather than solvent-like manner and its exclusion from the protein surface arises mostly from the scarcity of favorable binding sites. Finally, we found that in presence of betaine, the reduced ability of water molecules to solvate the protein results in an additional enthalpic contribution to the betaine-induced stabilization.

  • Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the balance of forces governing the formation of a guanine tetrad—a common structural unit of G-quadruplex DNA
    • Mateusz Kogut
    • Cyprian Kleist
    • Jacek Czub
    2016 Full text NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

    G-quadruplexes (G4) are nucleic acid conformations of guanine-rich sequences, in which guanines are arranged in the square-planar G-tetrads, stacked on one another. G4 motifs form in vivo and are implicated in regulation of such processes as gene expression and chromosome maintenance. The structure and stability of various G4 topologies were determined experimentally; however, the driving forces for their formation are not fully understood at the molecular level. Here, we used all-atom molecular dynamics to probe the microscopic origin of the G4 motif stability. By computing the free energy profiles governing the dissociation of the 3′-terminal G-tetrad in the telomeric parallel-stranded G4, we examined the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of a single G-tetrad, as a common structural unit of G4 DNA. Our results indicate that the energetics of guanine association alone does not explain the overall stability of the G-tetrad and that interactions involving sugar–phosphate backbone, in particular, the constrained minimization of the phosphate–phosphate repulsion energy, are crucial in providing the observed enthalpic stabilization. This enthalpic gain is largely compensated by the unfavorable entropy change due to guanine association and optimization of the backbone topology.

  • Moment resistance of I-section end-plate roof girder splices; a case study
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    • Przemysław Kalitowski
    2016 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering

    This article deals with the problem of determining the resistance of end-plate connections. A nonlinear FEM model of the joint was constructed in order to predict its carrying capacity. A standard code procedure was done as well. The analyses have been done to assess atypical end-plate joints designed and constructed as a part of roof structures.

  • Monitoring of concrete curing in extradosed bridge supported by numerical simulation
    • Jacek Chróścielewski
    • Aleksandra Kuryłowicz-Cudowska
    • Agnieszka Sabik
    • Błażej Meronk
    • Krzysztof Wilde
    2016 Full text Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal

    The paper describes a mathematical model of concrete curing taking into account kinetics of setting reactions. The numerical model is implemented in the author’s program that was used to monitor thermal effects recorded in the concrete bottom plate of the extradosed bridge. Numerical approach was verified by experimental measurements and used for assessment of the current compressive strength due to degree of hydration of fresh concrete.

  • Monitoring of odour nuisance in the Tricity Agglomeration
    • Jacek Gębicki
    • Tomasz Dymerski
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016

    The paper describes a principle of operation of odour nuisance monitoring network, which is being designed in the Tricity Agglomeration. Moreover, it presents the preliminary results of an investigation on ambient air quality with respect to odour nuisance in a vicinity of the municipal landfill. The investigation was performed during spring-winter season using a prototype of electronic nose and the Nasal Ranger field olfactometers. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and one PID-type sensor. The field olfactometers were used to determine mean concentration of odorants, which amounted from 2.2 to 30.2 ou/m3 depending on the place of measurement. In case of the investigation with the electronic nose prototype a classification of the ambient air samples with respect to the place of sampling was performed utilizing kNN algorithm supported with a cross-validation method. Correct classification of the ambient air samples was at the level of 66.7%. Performed investigation revealed that discrimination of the ambient air samples differing in concentration of odorants and place of origin was possible.

  • Monitoring Salt Water Intrusion During Construction of a Road Tunnel under the Martwa Wisła River in Gdańsk
    • Beata Jaworska-Szulc
    • Adam Szymkiewicz
    • Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres
    2016

    The paper presents results of groundwater monitoring carried out during the construction of a road tunnel under the Martwa Wisła river in Gdańsk, Poland. Martwa Wisła is one of the branches of Wisła (Vistula) river, heavily influenced by storm surges and saline water inflow from the Bay of Gdańsk. Increased values of chloride concentration were observed on both sides of the river, in particular on the western side, which was caused by a strong influence of saline water infiltration from the river.