2017 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2017

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Comparison of an Electronic Nose Based on Ultrafast Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, and Sensory Evaluation for an Analysis of Type of Whisky
- Paulina Wiśniewska
- Magdalena Śliwińska
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Waldemar Wardencki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2017 Full text Journal of Chemistry
Whisky is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. There are many types of whisky, for example, Scotch, Irish, and American whisky (called bourbon). The whisky market is highly diversified, and, because of this, it is important to have a method which would enable rapid quality evaluation and authentication of the type of whisky. The aim of this work was to compare 3 methods: an electronic nose based on the technology of ultrafast gas chromatography (Fast-GC), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), and sensory evaluation. The selected whisky brands included 6 blended whiskies from Scotland, 4 blended whiskies from Ireland, and 4 bourbons produced in the USA. For data analysis, peak heights of chromatograms were used. The panelists who took part in sensory evaluations included 4 women and 4 men. The obtained data were analyzed by 2 chemometric methods: partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and discrimination function analysis (DFA). E-nose and GC × GC allowed for differentiation between whiskies by type. Sensory analysis did not allow for differentiation between whiskies by type, but it allowed giving consumer preferences.
Comparison of bacterial production in the water column between two Arctic fjords, Hornsund and Kongsfjorden (West Spitsbergen)
- Anetta Ameryk
- Katarzyna Jankowska
- Agnieszka Kalinowska
- Jan Marcin Węsławski
2017 Full text OCEANOLOGIA
Bacterial production and the accompanying environmental factors were measured in the water columns of two Arctic fjords during the cruise in July and August 2013. Water samples were collected at six stations located in the central part of Hornsund and Kongsfjorden. In Hornsund, where average water temperatures were 1.25-fold lower than in Kongsfjorden, the bacterial production was twice as high (0.116 ± 0.102 vs 0.05 ± 0.03 mg C m−3 h−1). Statistical analysis indicated that chlorophyll a concentration itself was not a significant factor that affected bacterial production, in contrast to its decomposition product, pheophytin, originating from senescent algal cells or herbivorous activity of zooplankton. Single and multiple regression analysis revealed that water temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pheophytin concentration were the main factors affecting bacterial production in both fjords.
Comparison of elastic and viscoelastic analysis of asphalt pavement at high temperature
- Łukasz Mejłun
- Józef Judycki
- Bohdan Dołżycki
2017 Full text Procedia Engineering
There are many various rheological models which are used for modeling of asphalt layers in flexible pavement structures. It can be expected that the use of various models may affect different results of mechanical pavement calculations and analysis. The paper presents comparison of the use of Burgers’ and Huet-Sayegh’s viscoelastic models and Hooke’s elastic model to calculate pavement deflections and strains at the bottom of asphalt layers at high temperatures (from 20C to 50C). The authors assumed Polish typical flexible pavement structure and standard wheel loading. The analysis were performed under the central point of pavement loading area. Performed calculations showed that the effect of the use of rheological models may be, from practical point of view, more significant for strains at the bottom of asphalt layers than for the pavement displacements at high temperatures.
Comparison of low-temperature cracks intensity on pavements with high modulus asphalt concrete and conventional asphalt concrete bases
- Dawid Ryś
- Józef Judycki
- Marek Pszczoła
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Łukasz Mejłun
2017 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
High modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) base courses provide very good resistance to rutting and fatigue but they can increase the risk of low-temperature cracking as compared with conventional asphalt concrete (AC). The article presents the comparison of these two road materials in terms of low-temperature cracking. The statistical method based on the ordered logistic regression model was used. The analysis was based on results of field investigations, that was carried out on 80 selected road sections being in normal service in Poland. The intensity of low-temperature cracking was an analysed parameter. The results of the analysis indicated evident effect of asphalt base type on intensity of low-temperature cracking. Besides the effect of mixture type, the method included influence of climatic condition and pavement age on low-temperature cracking. The essence of the analysis was to compare the probabilities of being of pavement in the group with a given cracks intensity. It was revealed that pavements with high modulus asphalt bases had 2.45 times higher odds of being in the group of cracked pavements than pavements with conventional asphalt concrete bases.
Comparison of Ozonation and Evaporation as Treatment Methods of Recycled Water for Bioethanol Fermentation Process
- Andre Fernandes
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Joanna Głazowska
- Renata Tomczak-Wandzel
- Marian Antoni Kamiński
2017 Full text Waste and Biomass Valorization
The paper compared the performance of the ethanol yield after alcoholic fermentation with samples of rejected (RW) and permeate water (PW), RW and PW treated by oxidation with ozone (O3) (5 and 15 min) and evaporation, aiming the recirculation back to the bioethanol process. RW and PW were collected after an anaerobic bioreactor (AnBR) used for stillage treatment. Nine types of fermentations were made, where one used 100% tap water (control) and the remaining used 80% of recycled water and 20% of tap water. Comparing with the control (15.68%), evaporated permeate water and permeate water oxidized for 15 min achieved the highest and closest ethanol concentrations in v/v with 14.68 and 14.08% respectively. RW and PW had the lowest ethanol results with 8.43 and 8.68%. The studied methods for water treatment are effective to recycle water taking into consideration the ethanol yield, allowing a good possibility of recirculation. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate content did not strongly affect the ethanol yield in all samples treated, with similar results. Oxidation was more environmental friendly and cheaper if performed in 5 min. Further research in the monitoring of the fermentation, ethanol quality and in the number of cycles of fermentation with recycled water is needed.
Comparison of Polish and Danish Approach to Promotion of Cycling
- Romanika Okraszewska
- Zofia Jagielska
2017
The article describes two different approaches to promotion of cycling from Denmark and Poland. In the former the promotion locally from 2009 to 2015 has been supported financially by the national government and where initiatives partly have been financed by the national level. In Poland, the promotion has been implemented often as a result of bottom up initiatives and financed solely on local level often with the support of EU funds. Authors will indicate the strengths of each approach and will formulate recommendations for promoting bike strategy based on the best practices.
Comparison of requirements for location, maintenance and removal of road advertising between polish and foreign regulations
- Joanna Żukowska
2017 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences
The article gives an overview of Polish and international formal and legal requirements for roadside advertising and the relevant road safety impacts. The analysis focussed on outdoor advertising life cycle consisting of three stages: location, operation and removal of advertising. Experience of road authorities from Australia (Queensland), Republic of South Africa and the United Kingdom was collected. The article is part of a joint project “Development of Road Innovations” funded by the National Centre for Development and Innovation and the General Directorate For National Roads and Motorways.
Comparison of selected electroencephalographic signal classification methods
- Katarzyna Elżbieta Mrozik
- Adam Kurowski
- Bożena Kostek
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2017
A variety of methods exists for electroencephalographic (EEG) signals classification. In this paper, we briefly review selected methods developed for such a purpose. First, a short description of the EEG signal characteristics is shown. Then, a comparison between the selected EEG signal classification methods, based on the overview of research studies on this topic, is presented. Examples of methods included in the study are: Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Fuzzy or k-Means Clustering. Similarities and differences between all considered methods of an automatic EEG signal classification with a focus on consecutive stages of such a process are reviewed. Examples of EEG classification, considering various types of usage and target applications along with their effectiveness, are also shown.
Comparison of soil models in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments
- Waldemar Magda
2017 Full text Polish Maritime Research
This paper deals with mathematical modelling of a seabed layer in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments. The existing seabed soil models: a “soil ring” and a semi-infinite soil layer are discussed in a comparative analysis of the shape factor of a surrounding soil layer. The meaning of differences in the heat transfer coefficient of a soil layer is illustrated based on a computational example of the longitudinal temperaturę profile of a -kilometer long crude oil pipeline buried in seabed sediments.
Complementarity between entanglement-assisted and quantum distributed random access code
- Alley Hameedi
- Debashis Saha
- Piotr Andrzej Mironowicz
- Marcin Pawłowski
- Mohamed Bourennane
2017 Full text PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Collaborative communication tasks such as random access codes (RACs) employing quantum resources have manifested great potential in enhancing information processing capabilities beyond the classical limitations. The two quantum variants of RACs, namely, quantum random access code (QRAC) and the entanglement-assisted random access code (EARAC), have demonstrated equal prowess for a number of tasks. However, there do exist specific cases where one outperforms the other. In this article, we study a family of 3→1 distributed RACs \cite{network} and present its general construction of both the QRAC and the EARAC. We demonstrate that, depending on the function of inputs that is sought, if QRAC achieves the maximal success probability then EARAC fails to do so and vice versa.Moreover, a tripartite Bell-type inequality associated with the EARAC variants reveals the genuine multipartite nonlocality exhibited by our protocol. We conclude with an experimental realization of the 3→1 distributed QRAC that achieves higher success probabilities than the maximum possible with EARACs for a number of tasks.
Complementary oriented allocation algorithm for cloud computing
- Piotr Orzechowski
2017 Full text TASK Quarterly
Nowadays cloud computing is one of the most popular processing models. More and more different kinds of workloads have been migrated to clouds. This trend obliges the community to design algorithms which could optimize the usage of cloud resources and be more effiient and effective. The paper proposes a new model of workload allocation which bases on the complementarity relation and analyzes it. An example of a case of use is shown and an increase in the workload execution is presented.
Complex Monitoring of the Coastal Cliffs on the Example of Cliff in Jastrzebia Gora, Poland
- Rafał Ossowski
- Paweł Tysiąc
2017
The cliff coasts, which are in total about 100 km long, are especially vulnerable to abrasion. The mean regression of the studied object which is the seacliff in Jastrzebia Gora depends on time. For example, from 1875 to 1937 the cliff regress 90 m in mean pace of 1.4 meter a year. Besides of natural factors causing the degradation, there is also an anthropogenic activity, which speeds up the abrasion process. Based on these informations, the monitoring of the cliffs susceptibility is important, not only in reference to its geometry but also for geomorphological aspects. There are numerous studies on stability issues of polish cliffs, based on classical measurements methods. In case of the modern geometry monitoring there are many forms to estimate the regression of the cliffs with high precision and accuracy.
Composite Beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete - early stage of a theorethical and experimental analysis of a shear zone
- Marta Hirsz
- Krystyna Nagrodzka-Godycka
2017
The aim of this article is to present a forgoing preparation for a theoretical and experimental analysis of a shear zone of a composite beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete. Authors present their current knowledge, achievements and predicted challenges in later stages of the research. Properties of component materials are presented in the context of compensating weaknesses of one material with strengths of the other and vice versa. Also predicted look and structure of the I - beam is introduced.
Composite GFRP U-shaped footbridge
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
- Łukasz Pyrzowski
- Krzysztof Wilde
2017 Full text Polish Maritime Research
The paper presents proposals for the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites for the construction of engineering objects, known and commonly used in the shipbuilding industry. An example of a pedestrian footbridge was used in this case, which, despite the considerable thickness of the structural material, was made using infusion technology in one production cycle. The designed and produced footbridge span is durable, dynamically resistant, incombustible, easy to install and maintain, resistant to weather conditions and also aesthetically interesting. For footbridge production environmentally friendly PET foam core may be used. It may come from recycling of used plastic packages and which is produced with less energy consumption process and much less CO2 emission. The load bearing part of the structure (skin) is made of polymer laminate reinforced with glass fabrics (GFRP).
Composite Sandwich Footbridge – Numerical ESL FEM Calculations vs. In Situ Measurements
- Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Bartosz Sobczyk
- Łukasz Pyrzowski
2017 Full text Engineering Transactions
Selected results of the static analysis of composite sandwich footbridge with the corresponding in situ measured values are compared in the paper. The analysed bridge is a research object, which was built in 2015 and is currently located at the Gdańsk University of Technology campus. Since it is a novel structure, a proper definition of the bridge numerical model, allowing its safe design, is very important. Therefore, instead of some preliminary research, carried out on sandwich beams or the bridge segment, also the calculated structural properties of the full scale object should match the experimentally predicted response. This verification was required to obtain permission for the bridge exploitation, according to the government regulations.
Comprehensive comparison of compact UWB antenna performance by means of multi-objective optimization
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2017 Full text IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
An optimization-based procedure for comprehensive performance comparison of alternative compact UWB antenna topologies is discussed. The assessment of the antenna performance is conducted with respect to the structure size and its reflection response. More specifically, the best possible tradeoffs between these two figures of merit are identified through multiobjective optimization at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation. Analysis of Pareto-optimal designs obtained for various antenna topologies allow for their fair comparison; particularly in terms of the minimum size, they can be designed for (assuming acceptable reflection response levels) or the best attainable reflection characteristics. For the sake of computational efficiency, the multiobjective optimization algorithm utilized in this paper exploits sequential domain patching technique and variable-fidelity EM simulation models, which is a fully automated procedure that permits finding Pareto set representations at the cost corresponding to about a hundred of high-fidelity EM analyses of a given structure. The proposed approach is demonstrated using three topologies of compact UWB-monopole antennas. Comparison of antenna with respect to three objectives (also including total efficiency) is also discussed. Simulation results are verified using experimental data.
Comprehensive determination of flavouring additives and nicotine in e-cigarette refill solutions. Part I: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis
- Justyna Aszyk
- Paweł Kubica
- Agata Kot-Wasik
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Andrzej Wasik
2017 Full text JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI–MS/MS) methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of 42 flavouring compounds and nicotine in liquids for e-cigarettes. The chromatographic separation was performed using an Ace® Ultracore™ SuperC18™ (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) column in both acidic and alkaline pH conditions to separate all the compounds. A simple “dilute & shoot” approach was used for the sample preparation. The method validation was performed by evaluating key analytical parameters such as linearity, accuracy, selectivity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The calibration curves showed good linearity within the specific ranges for the investigated compounds with correlation coefficients greater than 0.990 in each case. The recovery for all the investigated compounds varied from 89% to 110%. The intra- and inter-day precision were within the acceptable limits (±15%) at all tested concentrations. The applicability of the methods was examined by analysing 25 liquid samples from e-cigarettes commercially available on the Polish market.
Comprehensive determination of flavouring additives and nicotine in e-cigarette refill solutions. Part II: Gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis
- Justyna Aszyk
- Mateusz Kacper Woźniak
- Paweł Kubica
- Agata Kot-Wasik
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Andrzej Wasik
2017 Full text JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Flavouring compounds are an essential part of e-liquid products for cigarettes. In general, they are regarded as safe for ingestion, but they may have unrecognized risks when they are inhaled. In some cases, manufactures do not currently abide by the Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) and do not declare the detailed contents of e-liquids on their labels. To help evaluate the health impact of flavouring substances, there is a need for comprehensive approaches to determine their concentrations in e-liquids. For this purpose, a GC-EI-MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 46 commonly used flavour additives in e-liquids. The proposed method performed well in terms of the key validation parameters: accuracy (84–113%), inter-/intra-day precision: 0.1–10% and 1–11%, respectively, and sensitivity (limit of detection: 3–87 ng/mL). The sample preparation step was based on a simple “dilute & shoot” approach. This study is a complementary method to the LC–MS/MS procedure described in Part I. Both approaches are suitable for the comprehensive determination of 88 flavouring compounds and nicotine and can be used as tools for the rapid evaluation of the quality and safety of e-cigarette products.
Comprehensive study on graphene hydrogels and aerogels synthesis and their ability of gold nanoparticles adsorption
- Izabela Kondratowicz
- Kamila Sadowska
- Małgorzata Nadolska
- Agata Jażdżewska
- Maria Gazda
2017 Full text COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
Graphene hydrogels were prepared by ascorbic acid-assisted gelation of graphene oxide (GO) aqueous suspensions both in acidic and basic conditions. Different mass ratio of ascorbic acid (AA) to GO was used (namely 20:1 and 10:1). In order to eliminate the influence of AA on the final structure of hydrogels, samples without AA were prepared by a hydrothermal gelation of GO in an autoclave. An in-depth structural characterization of the obtained materials was performed before and after supercritical drying by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM. Surface area of hydrogels was determined using the methylene blue adsorption method. BET surface area and pore volume analysis of aerogels was also performed. The effect of initial GO concentration and volume on the final graphene aerogels structure was determined. Electrochemical properties of samples were also evaluated. Finally, gold nanoparticles (Au NP) adsorption on graphene hydro- and aerogels was presented for the first time. Graphene hydrogels and aerogels are promising candidates for practical applications e.g. in the Au NP removal from wastewater.
Computed aided system for separation and classification of the abnormal erythrocytes in human blood
- Michal Wasowicz
- Michał Grochowski
- Marek Kulka
- Agnieszka Mikołajczyk
- Mateusz Ficek
- Katarzyna Karpieńko
- Maciej Cićkiewicz
2017
The human peripheral blood consists of cells (red cells, white cells, and platelets) suspended in plasma. In the following research the team assessed an influence of nanodiamond particles on blood elements over various periods of time. The material used in the study consisted of samples taken from ten healthy humans of various age, different blood types and both sexes. The markings were leaded by adding to the blood unmodified diamonds and oxidation modified. The blood was put under an impact of two diamond concentrations: 20μl and 100μl. The amount of abnormal cells increased with time. The percentage of echinocytes as a result of interaction with nanodiamonds in various time intervals for individual specimens was scarce. The impact of the two diamond types had no clinical importance on red blood cells. It is supposed that as a result of longlasting exposure a dehydratation of red cells takes place, because of the function of the cells. The analysis of an influence of nanodiamond particles on blood elements was supported by computer system designed for automatic counting and classification of the Red Blood Cells (RBC). The system utilizes advanced image processing methods for RBCs separation and counting and Eigenfaces method coupled with the neural networks for RBCs classification into normal and abnormal cells purposes.