2018 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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The Impact of Building Performance Analysis on intuition Development and Decision Making Rationality
- Maria Helenowska-Peschke
2018
Contemporary architectural workshop is characterized by the ability to efficiently collect and process huge amounts of geometric and non-geometric information. Virtual substitutes for buildings and structures allow to analyze various aspects of real life activity at various stages of the design process. The possibility of increased prognostic quantitative data acquisition, such as cost of energy consumption, shifts architectural practice towards rationalizing design decisions and multi-criteria objectivization. The article presents a view in the discussion on the importance of digital tools for building energy modelling and daylight simulation in the initial conceptual design phase for shaping architectural intuition and empowering design decisions. Issues related to the methodology of digital design, along with the possibilities and limitations of currently available tools tailored to the needs of architects will be discussed.
The impact of cooking method on the phenolic composition, total antioxidant activity and starch digestibility of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
- Tomasz Chmiel
- Irfan Estiono Saputro
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
2018 Full text JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
This study investigated changes in the phenolic composition, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and starch digestibility in white and brown rice due to three different cooking procedures, and subsequent reheating of cooked rice after storage. Among the analyzed samples, brown rice showed the highest TAA and phenolic content (622.5 mg kg-1 DW). All cooking methods resulted in significant decrease of phenolic content and TAA of rice (p<0.05). The greatest loss was observed after processing in rice cooker, which reduced phenolic content of both brown and polished rice by ∼30% and ABTS radical-scavenging activity by 20% and 28%, respectively. In general, the levels of polyphenols and TAA of cooked rice tended to further decline after storage and reheating, but to a much lesser extent when rice was prepared using microwaves. The application of in vitro digestion system disclosed that the microwave cooking resulted in the highest starch digestibility among cooking methods used. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rice is one of the most commonly consumed staple foods worldwide. Scientific and epidemiological studies have showed that their phytochemicals exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and chemopreventive effects. Therefore, their high consumption, easy availability throughout the year and use as an additive to meat and high-fat foods may make rice, especially in the form of whole grains, potentially important chemopreventive component of the diet. The appriopriate cooking procedure of rice is crucial for preservation of bioactive compounds as well as digestion of starch and thus duration of the glycemic response. Preferably, this study is focused on the evaluation of the effect of cooking methods on the health-related quality of rice. The results provide practical advice that the consumption of freshly cooked rice ensures its highest nutritional quality, while rice microwaving is recommended both when cooked rice is reheated after storage (e.g. in restaurants) and accelerated starch digestion is in favour.
The Impact of Forms of Buildings on the Air Exchange in Their Environment. Based on the Example of Urban Development in Warsaw
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
- Marta Poćwierz
2018
Possibilities for energy-efficient, natural ventilation of buildings in an urban environment depend on the airflow around them. This chapter deals with the issue of dependence of air exchange in urban spaces on the building forms used in them and on relative position of these buildings. The authors focused on the problem of air stagnation in dense urban development. This phenomenon increases the energy demand of buildings. The purpose of the following study is to present this problem and identify it in the selected example of existing settlements in Warsaw. The existing situation was compared with the revised spatial layout. The conclusions relate to spatial features of those building arrangements that are exposed to the problem of insufficient ventilation.
The Impact of Long-Time Chemical Bonds in Mineral-Cement-Emulsion Mixtures on Stiffness Modulus
- Bohdan Dołżycki
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Cezary Szydłowski
2018 Full text Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
Deep cold in-place recycling is the most popular method of reuse of existing old and deteriorated asphalt layers of road pavements. In Poland, in most cases, the Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixture technology is used, but there are also applications combining foamed bitumen and cement. Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixtures contain two different binding agents – cement as well as asphalt from the asphalt emulsion. Asphalt creates asphalt bonding (responsible for flexible behaviour), whereas cement generates hydraulic bonds (responsible for stiffness of the layer). Final properties of Mineral- Cement-Emulsion mixtures are a result of a combination of both binding agents. While the stiffness of the material is unaffected by asphalt bonding, an increase in stiffness with time is visible for materials treated with hydraulic binders. This publication presents the change in stiffness modulus of Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixtures by Simple Performance Test. For the analysis, two batches of specimens were used: the first was tested 28 days after compaction (period stated in Polish recommendations) and the second was tested 1.5 years after compaction. Analysis showed that after 1.5 years the stiffness modulus increased by about 10% in comparison to the 28 days after compaction. The change is minor but still significant. Unexpectedly, the level of the increase was unaffected by the combination of the binding agents (asphalt emulsion, cement).
The impact of the shape of deep drilled well screen openings on the filtration process in full saturation conditions
- Barbara Wilk
- Aleksander Urbański
2018 Full text Czasopismo Techniczne
The authors propose a supplementary method of modelling seepage flow around the deep drilled well screen. The study applies 3D numerical modelling (FEM) in order to provide an in-depth analysis of the seepage process. The analysis of filtration parameters (flow distribution q(x,t) and pressure distribution p) was conducted using the ZSoil.PC software system. The analysis indicates that the shape of perforation is of secondary importance during the deep bore well screen selection.
The Implementation of Fuzzy Logic in Forecasting Financial Ratios
- Tomasz Korol
2018 Full text Contemporary Economics
This paper is devoted to the issue of forecasting financial ratios. The objective of the conducted research is to develop a predictive model with the use of an innovative methodology, i.e., fuzzy logic theory, and to evaluate its effectiveness. Fuzzy logic has been widely used in machinery, robotics and industrial engineering. This paper introduces the use of fuzzy logic for the financial analysis of enterprises. While many current phenomena in finance and economics are fuzzy, they are treated as if they are crisp. Fuzzy logic provides an appropriate tool for modeling imprecise, uncertain and ambiguous phenomena. Because the financial situation of a company is affected by many factors (economic, political, psychological, etc.) that cannot be precisely and unambiguously defined, the approach used in this paper greatly enhances the predictive power of financial analysis and makes it an economically useful tool for the management of enterprises. Empirically, this paper employs three testing samples: Central European enterprises, Latin American companies and global firms. From the verification of these models, it is evident that the refined processes are effective in improving the forecasting of financial situations of all three types of enterprises. The models created by the author are characterized by high efficiency. This study is one of the world’s first attempts to combine ratio analysis with fuzzy logic to predict the financial situations of companies
The influence of a change in the meniscus cross-sectional shape on the medio-lateral translation of the knee joint and meniscal extrusion
- Piotr Luczkiewicz
- Karol Daszkiewicz
- Wojciech Witkowski
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Tomasz Ferenc
- Boguslaw Baczkowski
2018 Full text PLOS ONE
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a change in the meniscus cross sectional shape on its position and on the biomechanics of a knee joint. Methods One main finite element model of a left knee joint was created on the basis of MRI images. The model consisted of bones, articular cartilages, menisci and ligaments. Eight variants of this model with an increased or decreased meniscus height were then prepared. Nonlinear static analyses with a fixed flexion/extension movement for a compressive load of 1000 N were performed. The additional analyses for those models with a constrained medio-lateral relative bone translation allowed for an evaluation of the influence of this translation on a meniscus external shift. Results It was observed that a decrease in the meniscus height caused a decrease in the contact area, together with a decrease in the contact force between the flattened meniscus and the cartilage. For the models with an increased meniscus height, a maximal value of force acting on the meniscus in a medio-lateral direction was obtained. The results have shown that the meniscus external shift was approximately proportional to the meniscus slope angle, but that relationship was modified by a medio-lateral relative bone translation. It was found that the translation of the femur relative to the tibia may be dependent on the geometry of the menisci. Conclusions The results have suggested that a change in the meniscus geometry in the cross sectional plane can considerably affect not only the meniscal external shift, but also the medio-lateral translation of the knee joint as well as the congruency of the knee joint.
The influence of anchoring group position in ruthenium dye molecule on performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
- Maciej Zals
- Błażej Gierczyk
- Alberto Bossi
- Patrizia Romana Mussini
- Maciej Klein
- Radosław Pankiewicz
- Małgorzata Makowska-janusik
- Łukasz Popenda
- Waldemar Stampor
2018 Full text DYES AND PIGMENTS
The effect of anchoring group position and, in consequence, the orientation of the ruthenium dye molecule on titania surface on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells has been studied intensively. Three model ruthenium sensitizing dyes bearing carboxylic anchoring group in ortho, meta or para position were synthesized and well characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical measurements. The results were confronted with the quantum-mechanical calculations and discussed. The para derivative has been found as the most effective sensitizer with the cells efficiency twice higher than the meta and four times higher than the ortho derivatives.
The influence of different glycerine purities on chemical recycling process of polyurethane waste and resulting semi‐products
- Patrycja Jutrzenka Trzebiatowska
- Agata Dzierbicka
- Natalia Kamińska
- Janusz Datta
2018 Full text POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
Chemical recycling is the most favourable recycling method due to the possibility of polyol recovery. This work is dedicatedto the utilisation of crude glycerine and polyurethane waste. It aims at determining the impact of the use of glycerine fromthe production of biodiesel with various degrees of purity as a cleavage agent on the decomposition process of polyurethanefoam. The inﬂuence of glycerine purit y on the chemical structure of recycling products was analysed using Fourier transforminfrared and1H NMR spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography. Hydroxyl and amine values were determined, andrheological measurements were performed. Glycerolysates showed minor structural diﬀerences due to the presence of aminegroups and exhibited heterogeneous structure compared to original polyols. The ones obtained in decomposition using 84and 99.5% glycerine had a lower viscosity below 0.45 Pa s at 50∘C and higher hydroxyl number of 183 and 220 mg KOH g−1,respectively, compared to the ones obtained with glycerine purity of 40 and 62% due to a diﬀerent chemical struc ture. All ofthe products of decomposition were deﬁned as non-Newtonian ﬂuids, where viscosity depended on the shear rate. Selectedglycerolysates were used in the production of cast polyurethanes with satisfactory mechanical properties.
The influence of historical conditions on time and cost of construction project
- Magdalena Apollo
- Beata Grzyl
- Jakubowicz Paweł
2018 Full text
Conducting construction works in a building or in an area entered in the historic register is associated with the contracting authority's risk of incurring higher than planned costs of works, as well as delays in their implementation. In many cases, these deviations are completely independent of contracting authority and contractor. The aim of this article is to indicate the reasons for cost and time changes in the construction project, which is influenced by the historical conditions of the building site's location. In practice, the detailed considerations presented in the article may contribute to increasing the efficiency of spending public funds in the implementation of construction projects of a specific nature. Based on the selected example - reconstruction of the Old Pharmacy building located in the historic part of the old city of Gdańsk, the authors analyze and classify factors affecting the cost and time of construction works taking into account the historical conditions of the location of the facility.
The Influence of LED Lighting Sources on the Nature of Power Factor
- Mirosław Włas
- Stanisław Galla
2018 Full text ENERGIES
This article presents measurements of electric power absorbed by a newly built facility for office and scientific research activities. These measurements highlighted the need for compensation of capacitive reactive power—not predicted by the designer—due to the vast use of LED lighting in the facility. The article also describes a reactive power compensation system, designed on the basis of the above-mentioned measurements, and the introduced control and measurement system that enables on-site monitoring and online analysis of consumed energy and power. The research was carried out using popular LED lighting sources available on the local market (Poland). Basic electrical parameters of the locally available LEDs were measured as a function of the changes in harmonic levels occurring in the supply voltage. The test illustrated that samples were characterized by a very low power factor, which decreased as the level of harmonic disturbances increased. On the basis of the measurements, the authors suggest that obligatory requirements should be introduced in regard to the minimum power factor at the level of 0.9 for popular LED lighting sources (below 25 W)
The influence of microjet array area ratio on heat transfer in the compact heat exchanger
- Tomasz Muszyński
2018 Full text EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
The paper describes the comprehensive study on the effect of microjet array geometrical parameters on the heat transfer enhancement in the modular heat exchanger. The conducted experimental study provides an experimental database on single phase submerged microjet heat transfer. The Wilson plot method was applied to determine the heat transfer coefficients in the laminar and transition flow regimes of a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was capable of exchanging 296 W of thermal energy at LMTD of 44 K. The obtained heat transfer coefficient reaches over 24,000 W/m2 K. Average Nusselt number predictions of the Wen and Jang (2003) correlation were in best agreement with the experimentally determined average Nusselt numbers. In the whole tested flow range, Nusselt numbers were not well correlated by any of the correlations from the literature. The experimentally determined Nusselt numbers were significantly lower than expected, due to limited applicability of given literature correlations. The author also proposed own experimental correlation for jet impingement heat transfer coefficient, predicting the experimental results within 30%.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHASE SHIFTERS ON THE VOLTAGE STABILITY OF CONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS
- Ryszard Zajczyk
- Piotr Szczeciński
2018
The paper presents the results of simulation tests of connected power systems in which phase shifters were installed on cross-border links. The analysis was carried out in terms of assessing the impact of shifters on node voltage stability. Individual systems were characterized by different balance of active power: deficit or excess. The evaluation of voltage stability was based on the dU/dQ and dU/dP criteria.
The influence of photointercalaction and photochromism effects on the photocatalytic properties of electrochemically obtained maze-like MoO3 microstructures
- Mariusz Szkoda
- Konrad Trzciński
- Maciej Klein
- Katatrzyna SiuzdaK
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
2018 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
Molybdenum oxide (α-MoO3) thin films with oriented crystalline facets were synthesised by anodization of Mo foils. The obtained samples were exposed to UV–Vis illumination in aqueous electrolytes providing different cations. The morphology and structure of modified samples were investigated. The effect of photointercalated alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+) on optical and structural properties was studied using UV–vis and Raman spectroscopies, respectively. The observed energy band gap narrowing caused by the photochromic effect is found to affect the photocatalytic properties of the intercalated oxide. The photoactivity of obtained samples was tested during the photocatalytic process of methylene blue decomposition in the presence of 0.1 M Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4. After 2 h of continuous illumination, the photodecomposition efficiency of MB in the presence of K2SO4, Na2SO4 and Li2SO4 was 67%, 69% and 76%, respectively, whereas when no inorganic salt had been dissolved it reached only 57%.
The influence of polarization of titania nanotubes modified by a hybrid system made of a conducting polymer PEDOT and Prussian Blue redox network on the Raman spectroscopy response and photoelectrochemical properties
- Mariusz Szkoda
- Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
- Katarzyna Siuzdak
2018 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
In this work we show the impact of applied potential on network vibrations and photoelectrochemical properties of a composite material containing hydrogenated titania nanotubes and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with iron hexacyanoferrate (H-TiO2/pEDOT:Fehcf) acting as a redox centre. For this purpose, Raman spectroscopy measurements under the working electrode (WE) polarization were carried out, allowing investigation of changes in the structure of the obtained heterojunction. The photoelectrochemical behaviour of the H-TiO2/pEDOT:Fehcf composite was also studied at different potentials of WE. Both, in-situ Raman spectroelectrochemical and transient photocurrent measurements were performed in aqueous 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte. The reduction and oxidation of the electrode material enabled control of the organic matrix doping level and in consequence processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The intensity of bands typical for the organic part of the junction strongly depends on the applied potential: the highest intensity of Raman bands characteristic for the pEDOT chain was observed in the cathodic potential range, whereas under anodic polarization pEDOT signals diminish. On the contrary, the intensity and the positions of anatase active modes remain almost unchanged independently of the applied potential. Furthermore, the effect of various polarization conditions within the anodic and cathodic potential ranges on the photocurrents was also observed. The maximum value of the photocurrent is reached at +0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl and equals 290 μA/cm2.
The influence of position of the post or its absence on the performance of the cable barrier system
- Dawid Bruski
- Stanisław Burzyński
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Łukasz Pachocki
- Krzysztof Wilde
- Wojciech Witkowski
2018
Road safety barriers are used to increase safety in potentially dangerous places on the roads. They are designed and installed on the roads to prevent any vehicle from getting outside the travelled way or from entering the opposite lane of the road. Barriers, which are used on European roads, have to undergo full scale crash tests according to the EN 1317 standards. Nowadays as a supplement to real crash tests, numerical simulations are commonly used. The work concerns the influence of position of the post or its absence on the crashworthiness of the cable barrier based on numerical study results.
The influence of small amount of substances present in tissue on the optical spectrum of immunosuppressive drug
- Marcin Marzejon
- Małgorzata Szczerska
2018 Full text Photonics Letters of Poland
In this paper, we describe how commonly present in tissue substances - sodium chloride and glucose - affect the optical spectrum of an immunosuppressive drug (Cyclaid® by Apotex). Prepared samples were investigated using the spectrophotometer in the spectrum range from 250 nm to 1100 nm. The maximum wavelength shift calculated on the basis of measurement results is not bigger than the measurement wavelength step. So, it can be concluded, that the small amount of sodium chloride or glucose does not influence the measurement and it is possible to apply spectrophotometry in a point-of-care sensor of the Cyclaid® by Apotex level.
The influence of sound track on the viewer’s emotions and correction of the color in the film
- Dawid Weber
- Bożena Kostek
2018
The article presents the aspects of the final selection of colors in film production based on the emotions caused by the soundtrack of the film. First, the processing of colors, contrast, saturation and white balance of shots in the film was presented. The definition of color grading is also described, i.e. the color changes in the film's views. In the second part of the article, the soundtracks of the film were analyzed, in particular film music and interpreted in terms of stimulating appropriate emotions while watching the film, which were compared with the final color scheme of the film. An attempt was made to define objective measures of the color of the shot, as well as the methodology of examining the mood in the soundtrack to automatically detect the emotions contained therein. The last point of the work was a pilot subjective test, in which the participants of the test were to determine the soundtrack's match to the color of the shot.
The Influence of Substitution of a Phosphorus-Containing Polyol with the Bio-polyol on the Properties of Bio-based PUR/PIR Foams
- Kamila Gosz
- Józef Haponiuk
- Łukasz Piszczyk
2018 Full text JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
In this work, effects of incorporating of a phosphorus-containing polyol into rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams’ formulations developed with use of two different bio-based polyols, derived from crude glycerol or liquefied cellulose were examined. The bio-polyol derived from crude glycerol was synthesized via two-step process from crude glycerol and castor oil, whereas the bio-polyol derived from liquefied cellulose was prepared in lignocellulose biomass liquefaction process. Rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams were prepared by substitution 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt% of a bio-polyol with the phosphorus-containing polyol. Density, compressive modulus, thermal stability and chemical and cellular structure content of the PUR/PIR foams were studied. Cell morphology was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, thermal stability and flammability were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus-based polyol favors some PUR/PIR foams properties such as fire retardancy, what was expected, but also compressive strength behavior.
The influence of synthesis method on the microstructure and catalytic performance of Y 0.07 Sr 0.93 Ti 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ in synthetic biogas operated solid oxide fuel cells
- Beata Bochentyn
- Dagmara Grudzień
- Tadeusz Miruszewski
- Sea-Fue Wang
- Piotr Jasiński
2018 MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
The Y0.07Sr0.93Ti0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (YSTF) material was fabricated using three different synthesis methods: modified polymer precursor method (MPP), Pechini method and a solid state reaction method. It was applied as an anode catalytic material for biogas reforming in solid oxide fuel cells. Clear differences in the microstructure of fabricated catalytic layers were found, mainly with respect to a grain size and distribution of grains. This led to some differences in biogas diffusion through the layer as well as in an amount of active sites for a biogas reforming. Also different chemical stability of each compound was observed in the fuel cell operating conditions. The best long-term stability in biogas was found for a fuel cell with the YSTF_Pechini catalytic layer (sintered in air at 1100 °C for 2 h) and the lowest one for a fuel cell with the YSTF_MPP layer.