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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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  • The influence of the development of private air communication on the architecture and urban planning of the 21st century
    • Agnieszka Szuta
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2018 Full text Czasopismo Techniczne

    In the first part, the article describes the stages of the development of gyroplanes and the influence of wartime policy on the interest in light aircraft. Also presented are links and the possibilities of using gyroplanes in various sectors of the economy. The authors, based on source texts, present the current position of the aviation industry in the Polish economy and attempt to diagnose its development capabilities. As a result, factors responsible for the current condition of the light aviation industry and its links with architecture and urban planning are submitted. The question is posed: what consequences will the development of the aviation industry bring for architecture and urban planning, for the community and the image of 21st century cities?

  • THE INFLUENCE OF THE EVOLUTION OF DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS OF EXHIBITION SPACE ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MUSEUM'S BUILDING
    • Malgorzata Roginska-Niesluchowska
    2018

    The paper deals with the architecture of museums as dependent on the ways of lighting the exhibition space. The work focuses on the analysis of the influence of daylighting systems on shaping the museum's architecture in the period from the Renaissance to modern times. The method of work includes studying literature and the case study of the objects characteristic of the presented concepts and lighting systems. The results of the research confirm the significant impact of the daylighting system on the evolution of the architectural form of the museum and on creating the archetypes ng of the buildings for museology. The historical archetypes which obtained widespread acceptance, have become the reference forms for creators of museum architecture through the centuries, up to modern times. In contemporary architecture, new interpretations of conventional models become transformed by technologically advanced materials and construction solutions, as well as digital design methods.

  • The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine
    • Jerzy Kowalski
    2018 Full text Combustion Engines

    The paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric power generator. Three observations were made for each engine load, operating with fuel injectors of varying geometry. All considered types of injectors were installed on all engine cylinders. Mentioned injectors differed in the size of the nozzle holes diameters, holes numbers and angles measured between the holes axis. Engine performance data were recorded with a sampling time of 1 s. Cylinder pressure and fuel injection pressure on the front of each injector were collected also. The composition of the exhaust gas was measured using an electrochemical analyzer. According to the results, the change of fuel nozzle geometry results in a change in fuel spraying and evaporation and consequently changes in the course of the combustion process. The effect of this is the change of the composition of the exhaust gas.

  • THE INFLUENCE OF THE URBAN DESIGN ON THE AIR EXCHANGE IN CITIES. SELECTED PROBLEMS IN POLISH REALITY
    • Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
    2018

    The progress of the architecture and urbanism raises problems requiring interdisciplinary research conducted with the use of advanced experimental techniques and computer simulation. The fields of this research include aerodynamics, especially in intensively developed area of Environmental Wind Engineering (EWE). Aerodynamic phenomena occurring around buildings have a significant impact on the quality of the climate in the cities. This paper deals with the issue of dependence of air exchange in urban spaces on the building forms used in them and on relative position of these buildings. The author considered this issue in two different scales – in the scale of the city as a whole and the scale of urban development. The conclusions are focused on the problems of the densification of the urban development of Polish cities, which, if not controlled enough, may contribute to reducing the air exchange.

  • The influence of time of hearing aid use on auditory perception in various acoustic situations
    • Piotr Szymański
    • Tomasz Poremski
    • Bożena Kostek
    2018 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

    The assessment of sound perception in hearing aids, especially in the context of benefits that a prosthesis can bring, is a complex issue. The objective parameters of the hearing aids can easily be determined. These parameters, however, do not always have a direct and decisive influence on the subjective assessment of quality of the patient’s hearing while using a hearing aid. The paper presents the development of a method for the assessment of auditory perception and the effectiveness of applying hearing aids for hearing-impaired people during a short-term use. The method involves a questionnaire based on the APHA (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit) assessment questionnaire, a measure of self-reported auditory disability. The study includes additional criteria, such as measuring the number of hours and days of use of hearing aids, the degree of hearing loss and thepatient’s experience. A web-based application is developed to enable to carry out such an examination from any computer with access to the network. The research results show that in the first period of use of hearing aids, speech perception improves, especially in noisy environments. The perception of unpleasant sounds also increases, which leads to deterioration of hearing aid acceptance by their users.

  • THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AND MINERAL OIL ON MECHANICAL LOSSES IN THE DISPLACEMENT PUMP FOR OFFSHORE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    2018 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    In this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a satellite pump. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. This pump was developed to work with both water and mineral oil. In this paper the sources of mechanical losses in this pump are also characterised. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been developed and presented. The results of the calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the results of the experiment. Experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the water pump are even 2.8 times greater than the mechanical losses in the oil pump. It has been demonstrated that the mathematical model describes the mechanical losses both in the water pump and in the oil pump well. It has been found that the results from the loaded pump simulation (at p=25MPa) differ from the results of the experiment by no more than 5% both for oil and water

  • THE INFLUENCE OF WATER-LAND RELATIONS ON THE LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE VISTULA DELTA (POLAND)
    • Tomasz Parteka
    • Anna Rubczak
    • Dorota Dominika Kamrowska-Załuska
    2018

    The Vistula Delta is unique region of water domination. In this part of Europe, historic rural assumptions have been developing since the 12th century. Practically, it can be said that most of the systems were related to the coexistence of the human and the water element. Relations of water and land, developed specific types of villages such as a water-based village. Water landscape; polders, canals, dikes and rivers, hydro-technical constructions and drainage windmills were similar to Friesland in the Netherlands. The article describes the evolution of the architecture of Vistula Delta, where specific area is Żuławy depression. Characteristics of historical architecture related to water, polder and gravity systems affected spatial development forms. Revitalization of waterways will contribute to opportunity for future landscape and contemporary architecture. Modern times provide the possibility of continuing land-water relations as variations on the subject of the past landscape, however, facing the challenges of a changing climate. Researchers focus on the role of spatial and spatiotemporal relations in a changing circumstances. Also comparison between two countries situated in river delta gives some explanations about the relationship between water and land, especially in the aspect of technical solutions. Systematic broadening of knowledge about past of Polish and Dutch types of development may give the answer how to choose the direction of spatial solutions in the future. Understanding the causes of floods throughout history is a helpful tool for assessing contemporary phenomena. The selected data has been presented in the spatial model, allow to determine the implementation possibilities of spatial solutions. Solutions can be used for creating the landscape and architecture of tomorrow in the area of the Vistula Delta. The influence of water on new land re-development and role of waterways is crucial in response to research question.

  • The interaction between bacterial abundance and selected pollutants concentration levels in an arctic catchment (southwest Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
    • Klaudia Kosek
    • Katarzyna Kozak
    • Krystyna Kozioł
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    • Stanisław Chmiel
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2018 Full text SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been a topic of interest in environmental sciences for > 60 years. POPs in the Arctic have been investigated since the 1970s, when first atmospheric measurements revealed the presence of these pollutants in the polar regions. Major contaminant transport routes to the Arctic include atmospheric and oceanic transport, as well as inflow from rivers and sea ice. The sources of pollutants, such as industry, power generators, vehicle and ship exhausts, introduce the PAHs, phenols, formaldehyde or metals into the Arctic. Transport via sea currents, however, can take several years. The highest concentration levels of total PAHs were observed in two samples from the tributaries in July 2015 and were 1069 ng L− 1 and 3141 ng L− 1 and in September 2015, the highest concentrations were observed in samples collected from Revvatnet lake and were 978 ng L− 1 and 1823 ng L− 1. The highest concentrations of trace elements in both months were 41 μg L− 1 in the sample from the highest tributary (July 2015) and 79 μg L− 1 in the same sample (September 2015). The purpose of this study was also to determine abundance of bacteria in the Arctic freshwater of different types. Microbes are omnipresent and represent diverse biological communities. In the freshwater ecosystems, microorganisms form the base of the food chain supporting higher trophic levels. Although microbes are generally thought to live in the warm regions of Earth, many of them develop in cold climates. In the Revelva catchment, the biggest number of bacteria were detected at the river estuary in July 2015 and at the sampling point located in the Revvatnet lake in September 2015. Generally, the bacterial abundance indices depended on nutrient levels to a small extent, showing the environment of the Revelva catchment not to be nutrient limited, which is in accordance with its rich biological life also in macroscale.

  • The issue of uncertainty of visual measurement techniques for long distance measurements based on the example of applying electric traction elements in diagnostics and monitoring
    • Jacek Skibicki
    2018 Full text MEASUREMENT

    Rail transport is the most economical and energy-effective in the field of land transport, in particular electrified. In order to ensure efficient and reliable operation of electrified rail transport, the issues of monitoring and diagnostics of the traction infrastructure and vehicles are extremely important. The most critical point in the transmission of electric energy to the vehicle is the sliding contact of the current collector with the traction network. For this reason, work is currently being carried out on the possibility of monitoring the technical condition of current collectors at selected points of the railway lines, which makes it possible to detect the current collectors which do not work properly, and those in which the damage occurred after the train's departure. In order to make the diagnostic process at such point as complete as possible, it is necessary to develop new measurement methods and new applications for the existing methods. Evaluation of the technical condition of current collectors at the control point is carried out based on the analysis of displacements of the contact wire of the overhead contact line, caused by the impact of the current collector. The nature of these displacements, as well as the presence or absence of certain components provides the information on the correct adjustment of the current collector and the technical condition of its strips. Simultaneous measurement of vertical and horizontal displacements requires the application of innovative measurement techniques. The use of non-contact visual techniques for this purpose, which makes it possible to measure displacements in a two-dimensional plane using a fast 2D camera and advanced image analysis, is promising. This article presents the analysis of measurement uncertainty of visual measurement techniques for long distance measurements for application of electric traction element diagnostic and monitoring. The measurement verification at a laboratory test stand are also presented. The requirements concerning the measurement equipment have been determined and the factors affecting the uncertainty of the final measurement dependent on a given configuration of the stand have been specified.

  • The Knowledge Transfer From Headquarter to Local Subsidiaries Through Expatriates - Local Employees’ Perspective
    • Sylwia Przytuła
    • Małgorzata Rozkwitalska
    • Michal Chmielecki
    • Łukasz Sułkowski
    • Beata Basińska
    2018 Full text International Journal of Contemporary Management

    Background. Knowledge transfer between the HQ and subsidiary has recently been targets of increasing research interest. However, the role of expatriate managers and local staff perspective on this process has not been examined enough. Research aims. This paper has two main objectives: first to develop a conceptual framework (model) of knowledge transfer between the headquarters and local subsidiary, and second to empirically evaluate this process in five foreign subsidiaries based in Poland from a knowledge-based perspective. Methodology. Our study relied on qualitative case study methods. The authors report the empirical findings from five multinational subsidiaries (two German, two American and one Indian) located in Poland. 68 semi-structured interviews were conducted among HR specialists and managers. Key findings. The transfer of knowledge has always been in one direction, that is from the headquarters to its foreign subsidiary in Poland. Both the headquarters (as a sender) and the subsidiary (as a receiver) have been prepared in terms of tools and institutions to accumulate the knowledge. A key link in the knowledge transfer has included expatriates – their skills and abilities such as openness, willingness to learn and motivation for learning, ability to transfer their knowledge and experience to others, and ability to build positive interpersonal relations.

  • The Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost in public works contracts
    • Beata Grzyl
    • Agata Siemaszko
    2018 Full text E3S Web of Conferences

    An important goal, implemented by EU countries under the Europe 2020 strategy, is sustainable development, which includes supporting economy that effectively uses natural and environmentally friendly resources. Solutions in this area are also promoted in tender proceedings in the area of public procurement. The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and LCC (Life Cycle Cost) analysis are indicated as the basis for decision-making by awarding entities. In the article, the authors present on the selected example the benefits of using LCA and LCC. Based on the documents analysis for 350 selected public procurement procedures conducted in Poland in 2017, the authors examine types, average weights and frequency of application of non-price criteria for the selection of the best offer in practice. Based on the results of the research, are formulated conclusions.

  • The Main Buildings of Technical Universities in Lviv, Warsaw, Gdańsk and Wrocław. Neo-Renaissance „Architecture parlante”
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2018

    The article compares the buildings of historical campuses of four technical universities located in areas related to Polish culture. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, several new technical universities were established in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1844, the Technical Academy was opened in Lviv. In 1899, the Russian who were occupying the east and central part of Poland established the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw. Soon after two technical universities were established in the eastern part of Prussia, currently belonging to Poland; in 1904 in Gdańsk and in 1910 in Wrocław. The main building of the Lviv Polytechnic, was designed in 1872. Its external form refers to pan-European designs, does not show the local specifics. The most important point of reference was the edifice of Vienna University of Technology, in the capital of the country to which Lviv belonged at the time. In the interior decorations from the end of the 19th century, in the hall and the library references were made to the Polish art. Similarly, in Warszawa, the external architecture of the main Polytechnic building does not refer to local character but to Italian patterns, while literal quotations from the works of the Polish Renaissance were used inside. The main building of the Gdańsk University of Technology was built in the years 1899-1904. Architects applied the northern Renaissance style. Its forms were related to the Baltic region and the architecture of the city from its heyday from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. They were, however, at that time considered as one of the types of German national architecture. Complicated political and national situation in this part of Europe caused that such important objects as the new university buildings had to convey a specific content, important for authors and founders. These contents made two separate groups and were expressed in two ways. One of them was a form and architectural details that, through the appropriate style selection, expressed the object relationship to the region, to the nation, to the state and to Europe. The second method of expressing was the use of symbolism directly depicting the function of buildings through details connected with industry departments, fields of science and outstanding engineers and scientists

  • The mechanism of grouting action under the base of bored pile
    • Adam Krasiński
    • Mateusz Wiszniewski
    2018

    The grouting under the base of bored pile is carried out in order to reduce pile settlement and improve its bearing capacity. The principal aim of grouting is to introduce an initial force between the soil and the pile base. In non-cohesive soil, the grouting can also enlarge the pile base area and therefore improve the base resistance. The example of static load tests on instrumented bored piles installed with and without grouting is presented. The interpretation and comparative analysis of both piles tests is carried out and gives interesting results. The conclusion of analysis is, that the grouting under the base primarily activates and increases the pile shaft resistance and thanks to it improves the characteristics of bored pile interaction with soil.

  • The mechanisms of technological innovation in SMEs: a Bayesian Network Analysis of EU regional policy impact on Polish firms.
    • Massimo Florio
    • Aleksandra Parteka
    • Emanuela Sirtori
    2018 Full text Technological and Economic Development of Economy

    We study the underlying mechanisms of technological innovation in SMEs in the context of ex-post evaluation of European Union’s regional policy. Our aim is to explain the observed change in firms’ innovativeness after receiving EU support for technological investment. To do so, we take an approach that is novel in innovation studies: a Bayesian Network Analysis to assess the effectiveness of EU policy instrument for technological innovation and to determine the mechanisms by which the policy works within firms. Our data draw from a unique survey of 200 Polish firms that received “Technological Credit” during the 2007−2013 programming period. First, we confirm the short-term positive impact of the EU innovation policy (i.e. a wider range of products/services offered, increased sales and exports). More importantly, we determine the causal chain between economically quantifiable outcomes and behavioural change in the firm, which is an important node in the network of effects generated. We find that only the financially sounder and more internationalised firms managed to take advantage of the policy. These findings suggest that programmes based on technological credits are not well suited to foster innovation in more fragile and domestically oriented SMEs, which may require different policy instruments.

  • The Mediation Function of Job Satisfaction's between Organizational Culture Dimensions and Knowledge Sharing
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Anna Wildowicz-Giegiel
    • Denise A. D. Bedford
    2018

    It is commonly acknowledged that organizational culture is a valuable element of intellectual capital and as a hidden source of competitive advantage can considerably affect the achieving of strategic business goals. The axiological dimension of organizational culture is mostly identified with a set of shared assumptions and values, while work practices mainly define its behavioral dimension. Both these dimensions influence, among others, the individual propensity to share knowledge which is crucial for the improvement of company performance. Both organizational and individual factors determine knowledge sharing as a dynamic social process characterized by profound human interactions. The links between them are worth exploring because of their importance for knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing behavior is shaped by an organizational culture which creates an organizational context for social interactions. Among the individual factors, in turn, job satisfaction plays a vital role. The willingness to share knowledge indeed depends on subjective well-being that influences employees’ commitment, loyalty, and trust necessary to achieve organizational goals. The aim of the article isto examine how job satisfaction influences the relationship between organizational culture, perceived through the prism of its dimensions, and knowledge sharing. For this purpose, a study of 910 Polish employees with different roles and experiences and across different industries has been conducted. The data were analyzed with a structural equation modeling method (SEM).

  • The metagenomic approach to characterization of the microbial community shift during the long-term cultivation of anammox-enriched granular sludge
    • Slawomir Ciesielski
    • Krzysztof Czerwionka
    • Dominika Sobotka
    • Tomasz Dulski
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2018 Full text JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS

    A metagenomic approach was used to investigate how the microbial community composition changes when an anammox-based granular sludge reactor is seeded with nitritation-anammox biomass from a wastewater treatment plant. In the seed sample, the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was similar to Candidatus Jettenia caeni (12.63 vs. 11.68%). This biomass was typical in terms of microbial nitrogen conversion; both ammonia (Nitrosomonas sp.) and nitrite (Nitrospira sp.) oxidizing bacteria were detected. In the lab-scale reactor, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Jettenia caeni bacteria were also present in equal proportions (18.57 vs. 20.89%). On the contrary, Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii bacteria were highly abundant in this reactor, but no known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were detected. In light of recent studies showing that Nitrospira sp. are capable of complete nitrification, the results presented here may well indicate that both stages of nitrification in the anammox-based granular sludge reactor were performed by this bacteria.

  • THE METHOD OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE NEWLY PRODUCED MARINE FUELS THROUGH AN APPLICATION OF THE LABORATORY DIESEL ENGINE
    • Zbigniew Korczewski
    2018 Full text New Trends in Production Engineering

    The article deals with one of the scientific issue solved within frames of the research project financed by Voivodeship Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Gdansk, namely, in particular, the method of energy investigations of the self-ignition engine in conditions of its supply with a non-standard (modified) marine fuel. The representative results of engine tests worked out on the especially built laboratory test bed have been presented. They aimed to elaborate energy profiles of a single-cylinder four-stroke Diesel engine in the form of Sankey diagrams of energy flows representing the most efficient and effective manner for the verification of a different kind of the modified marine fuels introduced on market. It is expected that the final results of the project will be interesting for their producers as well as the ship-owners of the operated ships, and also for the offices of sea administration as well as the inspectorates of environment protection.

  • The methodology for determining of the value of cutting power for cross cutting on optimizing sawing machine
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Przemysław Dudek
    2018 Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology

    In the article the methodology of forecasting the energy effects of the cross-cutting process using the classical method, which takes into account the specific cutting resistance, is presented. The values of cutting power for the cross-cutting process of two types of wood (softwood and hardwood) were forecasted for the optimizing sawing machine with using presented methodology. The cross-cutting process with high values of feed speed was analyzed. The presented methodology allowed us to determine dimensions of the cut workpieces limited by the applied electric motor for both soft and hard wood.

  • The migration policy of Armenia
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2018 Przegląd Politologiczny

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to describe the legal bases of the migration policy of Armenia and its practical implementation in 1995–2013. The author examined the international and national documents that provide the legal bases of Armenia’s migration policy, as well as the balance between departures and arrivals in the period 1995–2013, Armenian citizens’ reasons for emigrating and the occupations of emigrants. The study was based on the following research methods: content, system and quantitative analysis. The results of the analyses performed indicate that the objectives of Armenia’s migration policy were not completely fulfilled. Between 1995 and 2013, the number of emigrants declined, but Armenia’s overall migration balance was negative. The majority of those leaving the country went to Russia, followed by the other states of the CIS.

  • The new diphosphanylphosphido complexes of tungsten(VI) and molybdenum(VI). Their synthesis, structures and properties
    • Aleksandra Wiśniewska
    • Rafał Grubba
    • Łukasz Ponikiewski
    • Mateusz Zauliczny
    • Jerzy Pikies
    2018 DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    We report on the reactivity of R2P–P(Li)–PR’2 (R = tBu, iPr, R’ = NEt2, iPr) towards diimido complexes [(dippN)2MCl2·dme] (M = Mo, W and dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). A series of new complexes with diphosphanylphosphido ligands R2P–P–PR’2 were isolated. The solid-state structures of [(dippN)2M(Cl)(1,2-η-iPr2P–P– PiPr2)] (2Mo and 2W) and [(dippN)2M(Cl){1,2-η-tBu2P–P–P(NEt2)2}] (3Mo and 3W) were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and indicate a side-on geometry of the R2P–P–PR’2 moiety. 3W and 3Mo are the first triphosphorus complexes with the amido ligand NEt2 on the P atom. [(dippN)2M(Cl) (1,2-η-tBu2P–P–PtBu2)] (1Mo and 1W) and 3Mo and 3W display similar side-on geometry in solution and in the solid state. By contrast, 2Mo and 2W reveal a dynamic behavior in solution. For the first time, the reactivity of diphosphanylphosphido complexes towards different nucleophiles was studied. The complexes react with the phosphorus nucleophile Ph2PLi, yielding phosphanylphosphinidene complexes [(dippN)2M(Cl)(η2-P-PR2)]− Li+ (M = Mo, W) together with related diphosphanes R’2P–PPh2. Carbon nucleophile MeLi does not yield [(dippN)2M(Cl)(η2-P-PR2)]− Li+ but substitutes a Cl ligand at the metal center. Moreover, we compare the coordination of the R2P–P–PR’2 moiety to different metal centers based on DFT methods.