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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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  • Determination of Odour Interactions in Gaseous Mixtures Using Electronic Nose Methods with Artificial Neural Networks
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Krzysztof Armiński
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2018 Full text SENSORS

    This paper presents application of an electronic nose prototype comprised of eight sensors, five TGS-type sensors, two electrochemical sensors and one PID-type sensor, to identify odour interaction phenomenon in two-, three-, four- and five-component odorous mixtures. Typical chemical compounds, such as toluene, acetone, triethylamine, α-pinene and n-butanol, present near municipal landfills and sewage treatment plants were subjected to investigation. Evaluation of predicted odour intensity and hedonic tone was performed with selected artificial neural network structures with the activation functions tanh and Leaky rectified linear units (Leaky ReLUs) with the parameter a=0.03. Correctness of identification of odour interactions in the odorous mixtures was determined based on the results obtained with the electronic nose instrument and non-linear data analysis. This value (average) was at the level of 88% in the case of odour intensity, whereas the average was at the level of 74% in the case of hedonic tone. In both cases, correctness of identification depended on the number of components present in the odorous mixture.

  • Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust samples collected in air conditioning filters of different usage – method development
    • Monika Śmiełowska
    • Bożena Zabiegała
    2018 Full text JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A

    This study presents the results of studies aimed at the development of an analytical procedure for separation, identification, and determination of PBDEs compounds in dust samples collected from automotive cabin air filters and samples collected from filters installed as part of the air purification system in academic facilities. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (UA-dSPE) was found to perform better in terms of extract purification than the conventional SPE technique. GC-EIMS was used for final determination of analytes. The concentrations of PBDEs in car filters ranged from < LOD to 688 ng/g while from < LOD to 247 ng/g in dust from air conditioning filters. BDE-47 and BDE-100 were reported the dominating congeners. The estimated exposure to PBDEs via ingestion of dust from car filters varied from 0.00022 to 0.012 ng/day in toddlers and from 0.000036 to 0.0029 ng/day in adults; dust from air conditioning filters: from 0.017 to 0.25 ng/day in toddlers and from 0.0029 to 0.042 ng/day. In addition, an attempt was made at extracting PBDEs from a dust samples using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique as a promising alternative to conventional SPE separations.

  • Determination of p-y curves for offshore piles based on in-situ soil investigations
    • Kamila Międlarz
    • Lech Bałachowski
    2018 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences

    Offshore piles are subjected to complex loads with considerable lateral component. The pile-soil response to lateral loads can be described with the p-y method. For a given depth the load–deflection relationship is built to simulate the surrounding soil stiffness. This state-of-art paper presents a brief discussion of determination methods for the p-y curves using a standard approach based on the soil parameters derived from laboratory and in-situ tests or directly from field tests. The basic relationships for both cohesive and cohesionless soils are discussed. The advantage of direct design methods to describe the p-y curve relies in the reduction of necessary laboratory tests

  • Determination of the Vehicles Speed Using Acoustic Vector Sensor
    • Józef Kotus
    2018

    The method for determining the speed of vehicles using acoustic vector sensor and sound intensity measurement technique was presented in the paper. First, the theoretical basis of the proposed method was explained. Next, the details of the developed algorithm of sound intensity processing both in time domain and in frequency domain were described. Optimization process of the method was also presented. Finally, the proposed measurement method was tested in real conditions. The obtained results confirm that the proposed method may complement the currently used vehicle speed measurement techniques.

  • Determination of thiocyanate as a biomarker of tobacco smoke constituents in selected biological materials of human origin
    • Sylwia Narkowicz
    • Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    • Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
    • Alicja Kotłowska
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2018 BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

    n order to protect human health, it is necessary to biomonitor toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke in biological materials sampled from persons with different exposures to tobacco smoke constituents. Thiocyanate anion is a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke components which is characterized by a relatively long half‐life in the human body, i.e. 6 days. In this work, we present the results of thiocyanate determinations performed on samples of placenta, meconium, saliva, breast milk, sweat and blood. The placenta samples were subjected to accelerated solvent extraction with water. The thiocyanate concentrations were determined using ion chromatogra- phy. The analyzed biological materials were compared with regard to their applicability for biomon- itoring toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke. The highest mean concentrations of thiocyanate were observed in the samples of biological materials collected from active smokers.

  • Determination of Toxicological Parameters of Selected Bioactive Organic Chemicals Using the Ostracodtoxkit FTM
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Monika Wieczerzak
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2018 Full text Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

    Assessment of the impact of pharmaceutical residues on living organisms is very complex subject. Apart from taking into account the toxicity of individual compounds also their presence in mixtures should be taken into account. In this work, attempts were made to assess the ecotoxicity of biologically active substances (with 50 % effective concentration (EC50) values growing from fluoxetine (EC50 = 4.431 nM) >> gemfibrozil ≈ 17α-ethinylestradiol ≈ ketorolac > indomethacin > theophylline ≈ progesterone > naproxen ≈ trypsin > 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid > chloramphenicol > acetylsalicylic acid > ibuprofen > ketoprofen > 19-norethindrone to bezafibrate as the least toxic drug among studied ones) to the ISO standardized Ostracodtoxkit FTM bioassay. The Ostracodtoxkit FTM was proven to be very sensitive tool with respect to responding to presence of pharmaceuticals.

  • Determination of trace levels of eleven bisphenol A analogues in human blood serum by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
    • Katarzyna Owczarek
    • Paweł Kubica
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Aleksandra Rutkowska
    • Aleksandra Konieczna
    • Dominik Rachoń
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Andrzej Wasik
    2018 Full text SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Chemicals showing structural or functional similarity to bisphenol A (BPA), commonly called BPA analogues, have recently drawn scientific attention due to their common industrial and commercial application as a substitute for BPA. In the European Union, the use of BPA has been severely restricted by law due to its endocrine disrupting properties. Unfortunately, it seems that all BPA analogues show comparable biological activity, including hormonal disruption, toxicity and genotoxicity. Until now, the knowledge about human exposure to BPA analogues is scarce, mainly due to the lack of the data concerning their occurrence in human derived biological samples. This study presents the development of an analytical method for determination of trace levels of eleven BPA analogues in human blood serum samples. The method involves fast and simple liquid-liquid extraction, using low sample and solvent volumes. Chromatographic separation of analytes was optimized using one-factor-at-a-time approach (mobile phase composition, gradient shape, chromatographic column selection, separation temperature, etc.). The method allows for effective separation of the analytes, even in the case of configurational isomers (bisphenol M and bisphenol P). The calibration curves for all analytes were linear in the range tested. The limits of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.0079 ÷ 0.039 ng/mL and 0.024 ÷ 0.12 ng/mL respectively. Compound-dependent recovery values were in the rage of 88 ÷ 138%. Matrix effects were mitigated with the help of matrix-matched calibration curves prepared for every batch of samples. Results obtained after the analysis of 245 real human blood serum samples indicate that human beings are exposed to different BPA analogues, that are present in the environment and in common, daily use products.

  • Determining and visualizing safe motion parameters of a ship navigating in severe weather conditions
    • Rafał Szłapczyński
    • Przemysław Krata
    2018 OCEAN ENGINEERING

    The paper presents a method of determining, organizing and displaying ship collision avoidance information, which is based on the Collision Threat Parameters Area (CTPA) technique. The method makes it possible to visualize navigational threats as well as possible collision avoidance manoeuvres. The solution is focused on supporting navigation in severe weather conditions. Normally collision avoidance decisions are made taking into account targets' motion parameters, International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) and navigational obstacles. However, in hard weather conditions each manoeuvre has to be additionally checked to assess whether it is safe in terms of ship's stability. Therefore the proposed method provides four types of information: motion parameters of targets within a given range, combinations of own course and speed which collide with those targets, combinations of own course and speed which would lead to grounding within a specified time and combinations of own course and speed, which could result in stability-related dynamical threats. Optionally it is also possible to display only manoeuvres compliant with COLREGS. A superposition of these types of data enables a navigator to choose an efficient manoeuvre in a situation when possibilities are limited by weather conditions and actual characteristics of the ship stability.

  • Determining the leakage current resistive component by the orthogonal vector method
    • Marek Olesz
    2018

    The measurement of the metal – oxide surge arresters (MOSA) leakage current and the analysis of its components is a key diagnostic criterion according to technical standards. During on site MOSA condition assessment, the easy way is based on the measurement only leakage current, without the inconvenient live working measurements of supply voltage. Orthogonal vectors method of determination the resistive leakage current is presented. This method provides a good estimate in the comparison with the references values from active power calculation.

  • Developing a Metropolitan Transport System—Exemplified by the Gdansk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Krzysztof Grzelec
    • Lech Michalski
    • Romanika Okraszewska
    • Krystian Birr
    2018

    As regional centres with metropolitan functions, metropolises grow and develop depending on how well they can meet the area’s transport needs internally and externally, a result of their socio-economic relations. The transport system of a metropolitan area must ensure that people and goods can move efficiently, effectively and environmentally friendly. Over the last ten years, the transport system of the Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area has seen a clear increase in investment. The aim has been to increase capacity and to create a more balanced modal split between the different sub-systems. This sets the context for the Transport and Mobility Strategy for the Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area until 2030. Using primary research on the transport system, it was diagnosed and assessed. Next, suggestions and conditions were presented on how the transport system should develop and how it fits in with the policy of sustainable transport and mobility. The objective of this article is to present the main principles and objectives of strategic transport planning within the metropolitan area, the methods for developing parts of the strategy, main results and conclusions that feed into the discussion on how the Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area’s transport system should develop.

  • Development and test of fex, a fingers extending exoskeleton for rehabilitation and regaining mobility
    • Patrizio Sale
    • Stefano Masiero
    • Giovanni Stellin
    • Francesco Becchi
    • Wiktor Sieklicki
    2018 International Journal of Mechanics and Control

    This paper presents the design process of an exoskeleton for executing human fingers' extension movement for the rehabilitation procedures and as an active orthosis purposes, together with its first clinical usability tests of a robotic exoskeleton. Furthermore, the Fingers Extending eXoskeleton (FEX) is a serial, under-actuated mechanism capable of executing fingers' extension. FEX is based on the state-of-art FingerSpine serial system. Straightening force is transmitted from a DC motor to the exoskeleton structures with use of pulled tendons. Ten healthy and six pathological subjects in chronic phase (3 traumatic brain injury and 3 chronic stroke subjects) were enrolled in the study. No dropouts were recorded during the usability test training and all subjects fulfilled the protocol. The patients did feel safe and comfortable with the device while wearing although the movement's velocity of the fingers equipped with FEX was found to be slow for all the healthy patients. All subjects showed excellent compliance and satisfaction, highlighted by the results of the NRS rating and the absence of dropouts associated to intolerance to the rehabilitative training. After the training, VAS scale was assessed with mean of pain intensity 3.00, SD=2. The proposed solution is easily adaptable to any finger length or position of the joints.

  • Development of biocompatible iron oxide-silicon oxide core-shell nanoparticles as subcellular delivery platform for glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors
    • Ahmet Kertmen
    2018 Full text

    In order to develop the preparation of iron oxide-silica coreshell nanoparticles (CSNPs), thesis deeply explores the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) directed silica coating methods of the oleic-acid capped iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-IONPs) initialized under near-neutral pH conditions. It is demonstrated that the initial alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in the presence of CTA+ and OA-IONPs induces an unusual ligand exchange mechanism between oleic acid and in situ formed acetate ions. The acetate induced mechanism is shown to be catalysing the formation of ∼20-25 nm thick amorphous silica shells around the individual iron oxide nanoparticles resulting in highly mono-dispersed CSNPs. Synergetic effects of the iron oxide nanoparticle clusters (IONPCs) and the in situ formed CTAB vesicles encapsulating the silica precursors formed in high [CTAB]/[IONP] ratio conditions are demonstrated. Detailed electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), Raman and NMR spectroscopy further supports the micellar fusion mechanism behind the formation of CSNPs. Thesis further presents the superparamagnetic properties of aqueously well dispersible CSNPs prepared by reported nanoemulsion procedure. Measurement of the magnetic properties, confirming the superparamagnetic nature of CSNPs by DC magnetometry and paramagnetic nature of the particles confirmed by AC magnetometry, are discussed in detail. In vitro biological activities of CSNP-GlcN-6-P inhibitor conjugates against human cervical cancer (HeLa), hypopharyngeal carcinoma (FaDu), human fibroblast (MSU1.1) cell lines and Candida albicans demonstrates that the human cells almost completely loose their viability in the presence of CSNP-GlcN-6-P inhibitor conjugates, whereas, the growth of Candida albicans is reduced by only 30%. Nevertheless, cellular internalization studies performed with polyethyleneglycol functionalized core-shell nanoparticles (OH-PEG-CSNPs) in the absence of GlcN-6-P inhibitors by TEM imaging evidences the excellent biocompatibility of OH-PEG-CSNPs. Biological TEM studies suggest that, elevated internalization of OHPEG-CSNPs by human cells in contrast to inefficient internalization by Candida albicans could be the explanation for ineffective inhibition of fungal cells. Overall, the thesis questions the validity and meaning of “biocompatibility” approach in nanoparticle formulations of antifungal agent.

  • Development of dynamic method for evaluation of inhibition efficiency on the example of 8-hydroxyquinolin
    • Agata Jażdżewska
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Juliusz Orlikowski
    2018 JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Selection of a proper inhibitor should be based on the evaluation of its mechanism and effective concentrations. Mechanism of inhibition usually has dynamic character due to changing physicochemical conditions of the environment and corroding metal surface. Most of actually used methods are stationary or contain assumptions which highly influences obtained values. Development of new dynamic method, based on modified EIS, allows excitation of the system by signal composed of galvanodynamic perturbation and AC signal as a set of 20 sinusoids. Such an approach allowed comparison of the obtained results by two simultaneous methods and verification of the selected electric equivalent circuit. Instant value of charge transfer resistance of mild steel exposed to industrial water with changing concentration of 8-Hydroxyquinoline in the system was determined.

  • Development of planning education in postcommunist Poland.
    • Izabela Mironowicz
    2018

    Although programs in spatial planning at university level have been developed in Poland only after the transformation of 1989, their roots can be traced back to the first half of the twentieth century when the first university departments with a focus on urban and regional planning were established and courses offered. Today, planning education in Poland presents a robust yet dynamic picture with degrees offered by a range of both public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and with a considerable variety of profiles while still maintaining a strong core curriculum. A predicted fall in student numbers associated with a decline of Poland’s population is, however, likely to affect the number and diversity of future planning education provision. It is hoped that the recently established Polish planning schools association can devise strategies to manage necessary adaptations.

  • DFT studies of the refractive index of boron-doped diamond
    • Bartłomiej Dec
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2018 Full text Photonics Letters of Poland

    The density functional theory is one of the optimal solutions in calculation of optical properties of materials on the quantum scale. In this paper, we have investigated the refractive index of a boron-doped diamond structure with the usage of Atomistic Toolkit software from Synopsys. During this study, various methods and pseudopotentials were checked to obtain an optimal performanceaccuracy method for calculation of such materials. The leading method used in calculation was meta-GGA with Fritz-Haber Institute pseudopotential.

  • Diagnostics in ballast water management
    • Marcin Bielski
    • Jacek Wachowicz
    • Ryszard Bielski
    • Adamczyk Arkadiusz
    • Jantanata Hendra
    2018

    . Diagnostics in ballast water management is the main remedy to protect against the threat of spreading invasive species that can be carried in ships' ballast tanks. This phenomenon is getting better known and understood. New and more effective methods of preventing threats related to this are being developed. Procedures are created to ensure environmental safety in the face of ever-increasing transport by sea. The article characterizes both the background of the problem, basic diagnostic medics used in ballast water management, as well as procedures and basic techniques used to ensure the safety of the natural environment..

  • Diagnostyka łożysk silnika indukcyjnego poprzez analizę prądu silnika metodą NTC. Część I – opis zastosowanej metody
    • Tomasz Ciszewski
    2018 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule zaprezentowano nową metodę przetwarzania sygnału prądu silnika indukcyjnego do celów diagnostyki łożysk oraz jej walidację przy pomocy badań eksperymentalnych. Badania przeprowadzono dla trzech różnych uszkodzeń łożysk przy pełnym obciążeniu silnika. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera wprowadzenie do tematyki diagnostyki łożysk, przegląd metod diagnostycznych oraz podstawy teoretyczne zastosowanej przez autora metody. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dla łożysk z celowo wprowadzonymi uszkodzeniami oraz dla łożysk bez uszkodzeń

  • DIAGNOSTYKA ŁOŻYSK SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO POPRZEZ ANALIZĘ PRĄDU SILNIKA METODĄ NTC. CZĘŚĆ II – WYNIKI BADAŃ EKSPERYMENTALNYCH
    • Tomasz Ciszewski
    2018 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule zaprezentowano nową metodę przetwarzania sygnału prądu silnika indukcyjnego do celów diagnostyki łożysk oraz jej walidację przy pomocy badań eksperymentalnych. Badania przeprowadzono dla trzech różnych uszkodzeń łożysk przy pełnym obciążeniu silnika. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera wprowadzenie do tematyki diagnostyki łożysk, przegląd metod diagnostycznych oraz podstawy teoretyczne zastosowanej przez autora metody. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dla łożysk z celowo wprowadzonymi uszkodzeniami oraz dla łożysk bez uszkodzeń

  • Diagnostyka uszkodzonych pożarowo strunobetonowych elementów przekrycia dachowego w budynku kompostowni
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2018

    W okresie użytkowania w budynku kompostowni miąlo mejsce zdarzenie losowe polegające na pożarze który pojawił sie w górnej częsci maszyny technologicznej ustawionej nad kanałem kompostowym. \w wyniku pożaru odparzeniu uległa wyprawa ochronna dolnej stopki jednego z dźwigarów strunobetonowych. \w artykule przedstawiono analizę stanu technicznego elementu konstrukcji dachu budynku kompostowni usytuowanych w strefie oddziaływania pożar, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem diagnostyki dźwigara strunobetonowego oraz opisano program podjetych działań mających na celu zapewnienie możliwości dalszej bezpiecznej eskploatacji budynku.

  • Diagnostyka uszkodzonych przez pożar elementów przekrycia dachowego
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2018 Dachy

    Podczas użytkowania budynku kompostowni doszło do pożaru, który wybuchł w górnej części maszyny technologicznej. ustawionej nad kanałem kompostowym. W wyniku pożaru odparzeniu uległa wyprawa ochronna dolnej stopki jednego z dzwigarów strunobetonowych. W artykule przedstawiono analize stanu technicznego elementów konstrukcji dachu budynku kompostowni usytuowanych w strefie oddziaływania pożaru oraz opisano program podjętych działań mających na celu zapewnienie możliwości dalszej bezpiecznej eksploatacji budynku.