2018 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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High Frequency Conducted Emission in AC Motor Drives Fed By Frequency Converters: Sources and Propagation Paths
- Jarosław Łuszcz
2018
Provides a concise and thorough reference for designing electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives Electrical and electronic systems that employ adjustable speed drives are being increasingly used in present-day automation applications. They are considered by many application engineers as one of the most interfering components, especially in a contemporarily faced industrial environment. This book fills the gap between the high-level academic knowledge in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) field and the recommended practical rules for assuring electromagnetic compatibility margin. It focuses on finding and formulating the issues that often occur with the generation and propagation of conducted emission in AC motor drives fed by frequency converters, rather than proposing specific solutions for dealing with them. It also features explanations of selected academic backgrounds of EMC and presents practical case studies. The book starts with an introduction to conducted emission in adjustable speed drives. It then goes on to offer in-depth chapters covering conducted emission origins in switch-mode power converters; conducted emission generation by frequency converter in adjustable speed drives (ASD); propagation of motor side originated conducted emission towards the power grid; modeling of conducted emission in ASD; broadband behavior of ASD components; and impact of a motor feeding cable on CM currents generated in ASD. In addition, this resource: Presents state-of-the-art analysis of undesirable high frequency phenomena accompanying AC motor speed control Discusses the fundamentals of phenomena of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generation in switch mode static converters Provides methodology of modeling-conducted EMI generation and propagation in ASD High Frequency Conducted Emission in AC Motor Drives Fed By Frequency Converters: Sources and Propagation Paths will appeal to scholars and a wide range of professionals who are involved in the stages of development, design, and application of adjustable speed drives in accordance with ever-increasing EMC requirements.
High frequency impulse ground penetrating radar application in assessment of interlayer connections
- Jacek Sudyka
- Lech Krysiński
- Adam Zofka
- Marek Pszczoła
- Piotr Jaskuła
2018 Full text
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique is commonly used in the nondestructive evaluation of pavement structures. In particular, this method is used to estimate thicknesses of pavement layers as well as it can be utilized in advanced studies of pavement structures. The device presented in this paper comprise the high frequency impulse antennas that allow for investigating the interlayer zones in terms of their electromagnetic properties (e.g. dielectric constant). In some cases these electromagnetic responses can be suitable in the assessment of layer bonding in the pavement structure. This paper discusses the assessment of the quality of asphalt pavement interlayer bonding with the use of high frequency GPR techniques. The preliminary laboratory measurements were performed using an impulse antenna in the zero-offset configuration combined with the large-scale models simulating an idealized horizontal delamination. These measurements allowed to estimate the antenna sensitivity to detect interlayer connection under dry and wet conditions. Analysis of collected results led to formulating practical conclusions regarding critical limitations of the measuring system and adequate methods of signal processing and interpretation. The field investigations consisted of the GPR measurements along selected road sections and collection of the core samples at the locations associated with the specific reflexes. Inspection of the cores provided some real insights into the structure of different delaminations associated with characteristic reflexes. Analysis showed the reflection properties are able to expresses some important features of the interlayer zone, such as delaminations, presence of alien material at the interface, insufficient compaction occurring at the base of layer, and water penetration.
High performance filtering for big datasets from Airborne Laser Scanning with CUDA technology
- Wioleta Błaszczak-bąk
- Artur Janowski
- Piotr Srokosz
2018 SURVEY REVIEW
There are many studies on the problems of processing big datasets provided by Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS). The processing of point clouds is often executed in stages or on the fragments of the measurement set. Therefore, solutions that enable the processing of the entire cloud at the same time in a simple, fast, efficient way are the subject of many researches. In this paper, authors propose to use General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) to process the big datasets obtained from ALS. GPGPU handles computation for computer graphics using GPUs (Graphic Processing Units). This study was based on programming model Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), which facilitates the development of applications in GPUs. CUDA programming was used to carry out the filtration based on adaptive TIN model method in the initial stage of the processing of big ALS dataset. Results of the analysis showed that GPGPU can be used for the filtration of ALS point clouds and significantly speeds up calculations for big dataset.
High resolution liquid chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry in perfume analysis
- Dagmara Kempińska-Kupczyk
- Agata Kot-Wasik
2018 Full text
Perfumes consist of a wide range of natural and synthetic compounds that belongs to different chemical classes. Most of these compounds are generally determined by GC. However, in this study RP-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS technique was applied for the determination of ingredients of original perfumes and their imitations. Antioxidants and compounds specific to fragrances of animal \origin were found in original perfume samples, whereas carrier oils components were generally determined in their imitations. Furthermore, some components of essential oils were also detected. This research confirmed the theory that results obtained in the analysis of perfume using HPLC can be complementary to those one obtained during GC analysis
Highly Active TiO2 Microspheres Formation in the Presence of Ethylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquid
- Anna Gołąbiewska
- Checa-Suárez Micaelaa
- Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron
- Wojciech Lisowski
- Edyta Raczuk
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Żaneta Polkowska
- Ewelina Grabowska
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Justyna Łuczak
- Anna Golabiewska
2018 Full text Catalysts
Spherical microparticles of TiO2 were synthesized by the ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal method at different reaction times (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The properties of the prepared photocatalysts were investigated by means of UV-VIS diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the efficiency of the phenol degradation was related to the time of the solvothermal synthesis, as determined for the TiO2_EAN(1:1)_24h sample. The microparticles of TiO2_EAN(1:1)_3h that formed during only 3 h of the synthesis time revealed a really high photoactivity under visible irradiation (75%). This value increased to 80% and 82% after 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The photoactivity increase was accompanied by the increase of the specific surface area, thus the poresize as well as the ability to absorb UV-VIS irradiation. The high efficiency of the phenol degradation of the ionic liquid (IL)–TiO2 photocatalysts was ascribed to the interaction between the surface of the TiO2 and ionic liquid components (carbon and nitrogen).
Highly effective degradation of selected groups of organic compounds by cavitation based AOPs under basic pH conditions
- Michał Gągol
- Andrzej Przyjazny
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2018 ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
Cavitation has become on the most often applied methods in a number of industrial technologies. In the case of oxidation of organic pollutants occurring in the aqueous medium, cavitation forms the basis of numerous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This paper presents the results of investigations on the efficiency of oxidation of the following groups of organic compounds: organosulfur, nitro derivatives of benzene, BTEX, and phenol and its derivatives in a basic model effluent using hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation combined with external oxidants, i.e., hydrogen peroxide, ozone and peroxone. The studies revealed that the combination of cavitation with additional oxidants allows 100% oxidation of the investigated model compounds. However, individual treatments differed with respect to the rate of degradation. Hydrodynamic cavitation aided by peroxone was found to be the most effective treatment (100% oxidation of all the investigated compounds in 60 min). When using hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation alone, the effectiveness of oxidation was diversified. Under these conditions, nitro derivatives of benzene and phenol and its derivatives were found to be resistant to oxidation. In addition, hydrodynamic cavitation was found to be more effective in degradation of model compounds than acoustic cavitation. The results of investigations presented in this paper compare favorably with the investigations on degradation of organic contaminants using AOPs under conditions of basic pH published thus far.
High-quality Experiment Dedicated to microGravity Exploration, Heat Flow and Oscillation Measurement from Gdańsk
- Adam Dąbrowski
- Agnieszka Elwertowska
- Jacek Goczkowski
- Karol Pelzner
- Szymon Rafał Krawczuk
2018 Full text
In this paper we propose HEDGEHOG (High-quality Experiment Dedicated to microGravity Exploration, Heat flow and Oscillation measurement from Gdańsk) REXUS experiment to investigate vibrational and heat flow phenomena during the whole (ascent, microgravity phase, descent and recovery) flight of a sounding rocket. First, a proposed system of cantilever beams is discussed to study dynamic behaviour of dummy payload. Dimensioning has been chosen as a results of initial FEM analysis. Secondly, a novel approach to measuring heat flux has been proposed, according to team leader's pending patent. A inverse heat transfer problem (IHTP) has been solved for SMARD (REXUS-18 experiment) data to enable for dimensioning of the experiment. Finally, an initial design is briefly described.
High-Resolution Discharge Forecasting for Snowmelt and Rainfall Mixed Events
- Tomasz Edward Berezowski
- Andrzej Chybicki
2018 Full text Water
Discharge events induced by mixture of snowmelt and rainfall are strongly nonlinear due to consequences of rain-on-snow phenomena and snowmelt dependence on energy balance. However, they received relatively little attention, especially in high-resolution discharge forecasting. In this study, we use Random Forests models for 24 h discharge forecasting in 1 h resolution in a 105.9 km 2 urbanized catchment in NE Poland: Biala River. The forcing data are delivered by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in 1 h temporal and 4 × 4 km spatial resolutions. The discharge forecasting models are set in two scenarios with snowmelt and rainfall and rainfall only predictors in order to highlight the effect of snowmelt on the results (both scenarios use also pre-forecast discharge based predictors). We show that inclusion of snowmelt decrease the forecast errors for longer forecasts’ lead times. Moreover, importance of discharge based predictors is higher in the rainfall only models then in the snowmelt and rainfall models. We conclude that the role of snowmelt for discharge forecasting in mixed snowmelt and rainfall environments is in accounting for nonlinear physical processes, such as initial wetting and rain on snow, which cannot be properly modelled by rainfall only
High-temperature heat pumps – new devices for heat recovery and production of technological steam
- Dariusz Mikielewicz
- Jan Wajs
2018
In the paper, the original high temperature compressor based heat pump with a dry working fluid, i.e. the one in which the slope of saturated vapour line is positive, was presented. The objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of preparation of technological steam with tempperature 120 C from the waste heat resource at temperature of 50 C. Single comppression cycles as well as cascade systems have been considered for that purpose for a number of working fluids.
Histaminol and Its Complexes with Copper(II) - Studies in Solid State and Solution
- Piotr Maślewski
- Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Maciej Witwicki
- Anna Dołęga
2018 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Histaminol [4(5)-(B-hydroxyethyl)imidazole, 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanol, L] is an analogue of histamine and its minor metabolite. So far its properties have not been studied in detail due to the synthetic difficulties. Here, the structure and acid-base properties of histaminol, as well as the results of studies on its copper(II) complexes in solid state and aqueous solution are reported. Stability constants of the histaminol–CuII sys- 11 tem are measured and each stage of the complex formation is illustrated with the relevant crystal structure and the EPR spectrum.
Historic Urban Settings, LED Illumination and its Impact on Nighttime Perception, Visual Appearance, and Cultural Heritage Identity
- Karolina Zielińska-Dąbkowska
- Kyra Xavia
2018
Many cities, towns and villages around the world have adopted new Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) technology in order to save energy, operational and maintenance costs. While energy-efficient, these light sources have a critical effect on the appearance of historic sites at night and the technology has unique properties and numerous inherent drawbacks that present challenges to decision makers as well as inexperienced lighting professionals. This paper uses practice-based research, critical analysis of literature, interviews and observations to investigate the various issues involved with the application of LED lighting and proposes methods to address them. Lighting factors that impact nighttime perception and the visual appearance of cities as living structures are assessed, and European historic urban settings have been analyzed, including feedback from residents and tourists about their nighttime perception of the physical environment. The following research question is also answered, namely; if its possible to work with the numerous drawbacks of existing LED technology to create and design quality spaces that support cultural heritage values after the sun sets? Additionally, photographic analysis is provided to demonstrate how to prevent the loss of specific ambience and associated cultural heritage inherited from past generations via an example of successful lighting in a real life, detailed case study of Najac village in France. This paper highlights the importance of best lighting practices, guidance from professional lighting designers, and lighting strategies for the future to ensure appropriate external illumination is achieved. Moreover, municipalities, heritage officers, and planners are introduced to effective, practical and responsible ways to adopt this new form of lighting. Although the term cultural heritage has changed its meaning in recent decades, the authors propose that the nighttime ambience of historic urban settings be included in this definition. Not only does the appearance and atmosphere of a place at night establish a foundation of identity that interconnects people from different cultures, it is especially important for nighttime tourism. For this reason, cultural heritage should include physical elements of the built environment such as monuments, archaeological sites and historic urban settings that are inherited, maintained and preserved for the benefit of future generations by day and by night.
Historical carpentry corner log joints—Numerical analysis within stochastic framework
- Paweł Kłosowski
- Izabela Lubowiecka
- Anna Pestka
- Katarzyna Szepietowska
2018 Full text ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
The paper presents the results of numerical analysis performed on historical, traditional carpentry corner logjoints of two basic topologies: the short-corner dovetail connection and the saddle notch connection. These types of carpentry joints are commonly used in currently preserved objects of wooden architecture. All connections have been modelled in pinewood, which has been deﬁned in the Finite Element software MSC.Marc/Mentat as an orthotropic material. The numerical calculations have been carried out for two types of connections with two diﬀerent boundary conditions and load types. The contact phenomenon between the individual elements of theconnections has been taken into account. The main purpose of the research is to select the most damage-resistanttype of connection and to determine the stress distributions on the contact surfaces, which demines the damageareas. However, a lot of uncertainties appear in the studied models, e.g. due to the natural variability of the material properties of wood and the uncertainty of friction coeﬃcient. Therefore the uncertainty quantiﬁcation and global sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to include these uncertainties and study their eﬀect on variation of the mechanical response of the connections. A regression-based non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion method has been employed to complete the task.The state-of-the-art knowledge about the damage-prone zones in the considered connections is immensely important since many wooden buildings, mostly historical, require maintenance, renovation and the reinforcement of existing, especially historical elements. On the contrary, there are not many results of related research published yet.
Homogeneity study of candidate reference material (contaminated soil) based on determination of selected metals, PCBs and PAHs
- Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Kinga Kochańska
- Lekhanath Kandel
- Gabriela Bajger-Nowak
- Marta Słomińska
- Mariusz Marć
- Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Halina Polkowska-Motrenko
- Bożena Zabiegała
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Piotr Konieczka
2018 MEASUREMENT
Reference materials (RMs) are an indispensable part of QA/QC system and have played a critical role in the continual expansion of analytical capabilities of the analytical laboratories. The homogeneity study of the candidate for reference material is essential for the quality of reference material (certified reference material) used in quality assurance activities. The homogeneity study of candidate for reference materials of contaminated soil collected from a plot situated near the chemical factory “Rokita” in Brzeg Dolny (Silesian Region of Poland) for total metal content of Mg, Fe, Zn, Hg and analytes from a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was carried out. The experimental design and study by using one way ANOVA showed no significant difference within and between bottle homogeneity and the material was found homogeneous. Total expanded uncertainty (k = 2) due to heterogeneity for all four metals and analytes from a group of PCBs and PAHs was determined within the range of 5–15%. The candidate for reference material of fortified soil was found to be homogeneous up to the minimum sample size of 100 mg for total Hg, 500 mg for Mg, Fe, Zn and 1 g from a group of PCBs and PAHs, and thus is suitable for certification.
How can analysts use multicriteria decision analysis?
- Marta Bystrzanowska
- Marek Tobiszewski
2018 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Proper decision making in multifacitated situation is very challenging task. It is especially difficult if there are many alternatives and criteria that are often contradictory. Analytical chemistry and related sciences involve many situations where decisions on complex problems are made. The support tools may be the use of MCDA (Multi-criteria Decision Analysis) algorithms. They formalize the decision process, make it transparent in all its aspects. In this review the application of MCDA methods in analytical and some related sciences is presented. The main areas of utilization are selection of proper materials and selection or optimization of processes. Their potential areas of applications are far from being fully explored. This review provides useful insights into the MCDA methods usage in analytical chemistry field that can stimulate the application of these tools in complex decision making processes.
How Much Does an e-Vote Cost? Cost Comparison per Vote in Multichannel Elections in Estonia
- Robert Krimmer
- David Duenas Cid
- Iuliia Krivonosova
- Priit Vinkel
- Arne Koitmae
2018 Full text
We are presenting the results of the CoDE project in this paper, where we investigate the costs per vote of different voting channels in Estonian Local Elections (2017). The elections analyzed involve different processes for casting a vote: Early Voting at County Centers, Advance Voting at County Centers, Advance Voting at Ordinary Voting District Committees, Electronic Voting, Election Day Voting, and Home Voting. Our analysis shows how the administrative costs per e-vote (an electronic vote) are half the price of the second cheapest option (Election Day Voting), representing the most cost-efficient way of organizing elections, given the conditions of this Case Study. Otherwise, different forms of convenience voting have much higher costs, giving us subjects for further discussion on how to organize multichannel elections.
How to fund an additional secular function in the monumental church?
- Ksenia Piątkowska
2018
The implementation of a new public function into the non-used church spaces like attics or cellars in context of revitalizing a lawfully protected historical city areas have diversified aspects. The article describes the financial aspect of adaptation of omitted spaces of monumental sacral buildings by presenting funding possibilities in the European Union countries available in period of 2017-2018 and the funds planned for the future. The founds were identified in four types: as sources divided within the EU Community, as founds derived from national or regional authorities, as local funds of the city and the independent individual private references. The results of the research indicate the requirements and restrictions imposed in the process of applying for each type of the grants. The article focuses on the non-used churches' attics funding conditions in Poland since the issue is yet controversial and the potential financial limitations are often abused to thwart adaptation's successful realization. The article provides guidance on acquiring essential funds for institutions and organizations involved in the revitalization of historic sacral objects to carry out designing and implementation activities successfully.
How to model ROC curves - a credit scoring perspective
- Błażej Kochański
2018
ROC curves, which derive from signal detection theory, are widely used to assess binary classifiers in various domains. The AUROC (area under the ROC curve) ratio or its transformations (the Gini coefficient) belong to the most widely used synthetic measures of the separation power of classification models, such as medical diagnostic tests or credit scoring. Frequently a need arises to model an ROC curve. In the biostatistical context, modelling ROC curves was discussed mainly in the context of scarcity of available data and estimation, but in case of credit scoring the modelling may be required for other reasons. When a model for an ROC curve is needed, several options are available. In the article binormal, bilogistic, bigamma and bibeta models are defined, along with the novel approach: a bifractal ROC curve model. The models are tested against publicly presented empirical ROC data. As it turns out, taking into account goodness of fit, all presented models, except for the bilogistic curve, are comparable and fit the data quite well. The choice of the model should therefore be driven by other features of the curves under consideration.
Human Factors and Cognitive Engineering in Functional Safety Analysis
- Kazimierz Kosmowski
2018
Human factors and cognitive engineering are considered nowadays as important multidisciplinary domains that focus on improving the relations between humans, technology and systems to be supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are usually designed and implemented according to the functional safety requirements. The objective is to maintain high performance and productivity of the plant, and reduce risks related to identified hazards and threats. An approach is proposed to apply selected cognitive engineering methods for verifying the design of safety systems to be implemented in hazardous plant in context of defined safety functions, operator interfaces, procedures and other factors influencing risks.
Human memory enhancement through electrical stimulation in the temporal cortex
- Michał Tomasz Kucewicz
- Brent M. Berry
- Laura R. Miller
- Fatemeh Khadjevand
- Youssef Ezzyat
- Joel M. Stein
- Vaclav Kremen
- Benjamin H. Brinkmann
- Paul Wanda
- Michael R. Sperling
- Richard Gorniak
- Kathryn A. Davis
- Barbara C. Jobst
- Robert E. Gross
- Bradley Lega
- Jamie Van Gompel
- Matt Stead
- Daniel S. Rizzuto
- Michael J. Kahana
- Gregory A. Worrell
2018 Full text Brain: A Journal of Neurology
Direct electrical stimulation of the human brain can elicit sensory and motor perceptions as well as recall of memories. Stimulating higher order association areas of the lateral temporal cortex in particular was reported to activate visual and auditory memory representations of past experiences (Penfield and Perot, 1963). We hypothesized that this effect could be used to modulate memory processing. Recent attempts at memory enhancement in the human brain have been focused on the hippocampus and other mesial temporal lobe structures, with a few reports of memory improvement in small studies of individual brain regions. Here, we investigated the effect of stimulation in four brain regions known to support declarative memory: hippocampus, parahippocampal neocortex, prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex. Intracranial electrode recordings with stimulation were used to assess verbal memory performance in a group of 22 patients (nine males). We show enhanced performance with electrical stimulation in the lateral temporal cortex (paired t-test, P = 0.0067), but not in the other brain regions tested. This selective enhancement was observed both on the group level, and for two of the four individual subjects stimulated in the temporal cortex. This study shows that electrical stimulation in specific brain areas can enhance verbal memory performance in humans.
Human serum interactions with phenolic and aroma substances of Kaﬃr(Citrus hystrix) and Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices
- Rajamohamed Beema Shafreen
- Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Anna Różańska
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Elena Katrich
- Shela Gorinstein
2018 JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
To understand the therapeutic application of polyphenols extracted from Kaﬃr (PolKaf) and Key (PolKey) limesdiﬀerent analytical methods were applied. Based on quantitative analysis by two dimensional gas chromato-graphy (GC×GC) and time of ﬂight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) it can be observed that the biggest diﬀerencesin the contents of selected terpenes of Kaﬃr and Key limes occur in chemical compounds such as limonene, citraland terpinen-4-ol. Limonene concentration is almost 5 times higher in the volatile fraction of Key lime than inKaﬃr lime. In the case of citral, the diﬀerence in concentration of this compound in Kaﬃr is 20 µg/g lower thanin Key lime. Higher concentration of terpinen-4-ol was noted in Kaﬃr lime samples and the content was almost23 times higher. Terpinen-4-ol is the major chemical compound of volatile fraction of Kaﬃr lime. Among thedetermined terpenes, potential markers of aroma were selected: terpinen-4-ol and citral for characterization ofKaﬃr and Key limes. Antioxidant assays revealed the highest bioactivity of Kaﬃr lime. Fluorescence studiesbetween the interaction of polyphenols with human serum albumin (HSA) showed relatively high bindingabilities in comparison with some antiplatelet drugs. The docking results showed that the hydrophobic residuesare responsible for the interaction with the phyto-constituents. Citral is the best scored ADMET descriptor. Theantioxidant strong aﬃnity to HSA and synergism in bioactivity are the main indices in health application ofcitrus fruits.