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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2018

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  • Accurate PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Using Multiple Calibration Planes for WSN Nodes Equipped with ESPAR Antennas
    • Mateusz Groth
    • Łukasz Kulas
    2018

    In this paper, we have introduced a new direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method, which relies on received signal strength (RSS) values measured at the output port of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and uses the power pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) estimator. In the method, we have successfully incorporated measurements of ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns performed at multiple calibration planes within the PPCC estimator in a way easily implementable in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes equipped with ESPAR antennas. Performed anechoic chamber measurements of our ESPAR antenna prototype indicate that the proposed approach provides much lower DoA estimation errors in a wide span of incoming signal elevation angles than other methods currently available in the literature, which makes the concept applicable in practical WSN deployment scenarios.

  • Achieving energy neutrality in wastewater treatment plants through energy savings and enhancing renewable energy production
    • Mojtaba Maktabifard
    • Ewa Zaborowska
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2018 Full text REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY

    Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume high amounts of energy which is mostly purchased from the grid. During the past years, many ongoing measures have taken place to analyze the possible solutions for both reducing the energy consumption and increasing the renewable energy production in the plants. This review contains all possible aspects which may assist to move towards energy neutrality in WWTPs. The sources of energy in wastewater were introduced and different indicators to express the energy consumption were discussed with examples of the operating WWTPs worldwide. Furthermore, the pathways for energy consumption reductions were reviewed including the operational strategies and the novel technological upgrades of the wastewater treatment processes. Then the methods of recovering the potential energy hidden in wastewater were described along with application of renewable energies in WWTPs. The available assessment methods, which may help in analyzing and comparing WWTPs in terms of energy and greenhouse gas emissions were introduced. Eventually, successful case studies on energy self-sufficiency of WWTPs were listed and the innovative projects in this area were presented.

  • Acid-aided epoxy-amine curing reaction as reflected in epoxy/Fe3O4 nanocomposites: Chemistry, mechanism, and fracture behavior
    • Maryam Jouyandeh
    • Meisam Shabanian
    • Mahroo Khaleghi
    • Seyed Paran
    • Samira Ghiyasi
    • Henri Vahabi
    • Krzysztof Formela
    • Debora Puglia
    • Mohammad Saeb
    2018 PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS

    This work seeks to answer the question whether or not the presence of acid functional groups accelerate epoxyamine curing reaction. Epoxy/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was considered as a case, where discussions are based on chemistry, mechanism behind curing reactions and fracture behavior influenced by acid assistance to crosslinking. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with nanosilica decorative layer (B-MNP) were synthesized and subsequently functionalized with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS-MNP), then characetrized for chemical bonding by FTIR spectroscopy. The grafting ratio of ca. 14% was calculated for AMPS-MNP by comparing TGA curves of B-MNP and AMPS-MNP. Epoxy nanocomposites containing B-MNP and AMPS-MNP were then prepared and their potential for epoxy ring opening was compared via nonisothermal DSC analyses at different heating rates. Calorimetric analyses demonstrated that addition of B-MNP to epoxy/amine system increases curing enthalpy from 499 to 532 J/g. By contrast, although curing level was not improved in the presence of AMPS-MNP, curing rate was enhanced remarkably at low heating rates, suggesting strong preference of epoxy to cure with sulfonic acid functional groups rather than amine curing agent, which was chemically and mechanistically explained on account of prematured gelation as well as possible competitive reactions caused by AMPS acid: (i) Chain-growth homopolymerization of epoxide, (ii) Intensified step-growth epoxide ring-opening with amine; and (iii) Reaction of AMPS with amine groups of curing agent that possibly deactivated hardener. Fracture behavior of the blank epoxy, epoxy/B-MNP and epoxy/AMPS-MNP were analyzed using SEM micrographs for interfacial interaction demostration.

  • Acoustic lifecycle study of the double-layer porous asphalt on E4 in Huskvarna, Sweden
    • Ulf Sandberg
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    • Tiago Vieira
    2018

    In 2010 a double-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) pavement was constructed on the E4 motorway through the Swedish city Huskvarna. Earlier experience in Sweden indicated that it was feasible to obtain a high initial noise reduction but due to the widespread use of studded tires in winter, clogging and ravelling created losses of around 2 dB per year, with an expected acoustical lifetime of only 3 years. However, the improved pavement in Huskvarna finally exceeded lifetime and durability expectations by at least 100 %. The first two years, noise reduction fell from the initial 7-8 dB just marginally, compared to an average-age SMA 16 pavement. Now after its 7th year, the pavement had reached its acoustical end of life, with an average noise reduction loss of 0.5 dB per year. This is considered as a break-through for low noise pavements exposed to the winter climate in Sweden and road traffic with most light vehicles equipped with studded tires. This paper presents results of annual noise measurements using the CPX method over the entire lifetime on the DPAC compared to the reference set of SMA 16 pavements. This includes the effects of grinding, cleaning and rejuvenation trials on certain test sections.

  • Adaptabilność obiektów architektonicznych we współczesnym projektowaniu / The adaptability of architectural objects in contemporary design
    • Marek Wysocki
    • Joanna Kabrońska
    2018 Full text

    The article discusses the issue of adaptability - the ability to modify modern architectural objects to a changing context - as an important element of contemporary design. Adaptability can take on different forms. It is most commonly understood as a change in the architectural form in reaction to various stimuli from the environment through transformative structures, or as an object's ability to adapt to climatic conditions, providing users with the ability to directly control the building to reduce energy consumption and enhance comfort of use. It is equally important to understand this concept in terms of inclusive architecture, ensuring accessibility for everyone, taking into account the diverse and changing needs of the users over the years. Also, buildings that are subject to changes in their use to extend their lifespan, to improve the users’ comfort according to their changing needs (universal design), or to revitalize their location can be counted as objects where adaptability plays an important role. The personalization of the object to the expectations of the user, that is - spatial and technological adaptation to individual needs – is becoming more and more important. Reflections on the adaptability of architectural objects that can be found in the contemporary literature are often fragmentary, lack context, and present this complex issue from a single point of view. This text is intended to provide insight into the issue at its various levels and to take into account its whole complexity - a broader perspective, which marks the way forward for further investigation and future discussion of this important issue.

  • Adaptacja akustyczna pomieszczenia wykładowego - studium przypadku
    • Małgorzata Mańkowska
    2018

    W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono analizę rozkładu pola akustycznego sali wykładowej znajdującej się w budynku Wydziału Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji Politechniki Gdańskiej. Badania przeprowadzono metodą pomiarową oraz symulacyjną z wykorzystaniem programu Odeon. Wybór parametrów oceny akustyki wnętrz sugerowany jest wymaganiami stawianymi pomieszczeniom lekcyjnym z zaznaczeniem multimedialnego charakteru wykładów prowadzonych w sali. W pierwszej części referatu zaprezentowano zagadnienia teoretyczne związane z akustyką pomieszczeń, tj. podano definicje czasu pogłosu, wskaźnika STI oraz wymagania normy PN-B-02151-4:2015-6. Opisano schemat przeprowadzania pomiarów za pomocą systemu PULSE oraz przedyskutowano uzyskane wyniki w kontekście symulacji akustyki badanego wnętrza w oprogramowaniu Odeon. Szczegółowy model pomieszczenia wykonano za pomocą oprogramowania Google SketchUp. W podsumowaniu pracy przedstawiono propozycje adaptacji akustycznej wsparte wynikami symulacji akustyki badanego wnętrza. Dodatkowo zbadano wpływ stopnia złożoności modelu pomieszczenia i wyposażenia na czas trwania obliczeń.

  • Adapting new tools of urban freight management based on Gdynia’s dedicated delivery bays example – an analysis of the process
    • Daniel Kaszubowski
    • Alicja Pawłowska
    • Karolina Marszałkowska
    2018 Full text Transportation Research Procedia

    The article presents an analysis of a process which ultimately helped Gdynia to designate pilot delivery sites in its downtown area using international experience. A verification was conducted of policy transfer theory and its practical implementation based on an URBACT Freight Tails project. While the choice of the solution was based on critical analysis of existing practical examples, it needed to be adapted to the local conditions which required a strong involvement of project partners and specifically the municipality. The experience shows that if copied directly from other cities or countries, urban freight management measures are not going to work and must be preceded with a careful analysis. Understanding the structure of deliveries was also recognised as an important information tool that can support decision-makers in adapting a solution. Studies like these are adaptable and ensure that the current situation is carefully analysed and the costs are reasonable. They can serve as a point of departure to understanding how urban freight works and how to plan for its improvement

  • ADAPTIVE BACKSTEPPING TRACKING CONTROL FOR OVER-ACTUATED DP MARINE VESSEL WITH INERTIA UNCERTAINTIES
    • Anna Witkowska
    • Roman Śmierzchalski
    2018 Full text International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

    Designing a tracking control system for an over-actuated dynamic positioning marine vessel in the case of insufficient information on environmental disturbances, hydrodynamic damping, Coriolis forces and vessel inertia characteristics is considered. The designed adaptive MIMO backstepping control law with control allocation is based on Lyapunov control theory for cascaded systems to guarantee stabilization of the marine vessel position and heading. Forces and torque computed from the adaptive control law are allocated to individual thrusters by employing the quadratic programming method in combination with the cascaded generalized inverse algorithm, the weighted least squares algorithm and the minimal least squares algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by simulations involving a redundant set of actuators. The evaluation criteria include energy consumption, robustness, as well accuracy of tracking during typical vessel operation.

  • Adaptive dynamic control allocation for dynamic positioning of marine vessel based on backstepping method and sequential quadratic programming
    • Anna Witkowska
    • Roman Śmierzchalski
    2018 OCEAN ENGINEERING

    It is generally assumed in dynamic positioning of over-actuated marine vessels that the control effectiveness matrix (input matrix) is known and constant, or, in case of fault information, it is estimated by the fault detection and diagnosis system. The purpose of the study is to develop the adaptive dynamic positioning control system for an over-actuated marine vessel in the presence of uncertainties and with emphasis on limited information about thruster forces. The proposed approach bases on the MIMO adaptive backstepping method to design the highlevel control law and then to give inputs to the control allocation unit. An adaptive solution allows to accommodate the unknown time-varying control effectiveness matrix and to update the thrust distribution due to actuator losses and failures. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control schema is demonstrated by simulations involving a redundant set of actuators when some of them have lost partially their efficiency or failed. The evaluation criteria include energy consumption, robustness and accuracy of dynamic positioning during typical vessel operations. Based on simulation tests results, the generated control inputs stabilize the ship position and orientation violated by thruster faults.

  • Adaptive dynamic control allocation for over-actuated dynamic positioning system based on backstepping method in case of thruster faults
    • Anna Witkowska
    • Roman Śmierzchalski
    2018 Full text IFAC-PapersOnLine

    The objective of the research considered in this paper is dynamic positioning of a nonlinear over-actuated marine vessel in the presence of limited information about thruster forces. First, the adaptive backstepping method is used to estimate the input matrix which will compensate partial loss of actuator effectiveness in the presence of actuator dynamics. Then, the adaptive commanded virtual forces and moment are allocated into individual thrusters by employing the control allocation algorithm to compensate total faults. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by simulations involving a redundant set of actuators, when actuators lose partially their efficiency or failed.

  • Adipokine and cytokine levels in non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI)
    • Anna Babinska
    • Mariusz Franciszek Kaszubowski
    • Krzysztof Sworczak
    2018 Full text ENDOCRINE JOURNAL

    Due to the fact that overweight or obesity is accompanied by hormonally active adrenal tumors: Cushing Syndrome-(CS) and Subclinical Cushing Syndrome (SCS), it is of high interest the correlation between different adipokines and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, with metabolic disorders and hormonal activity in this group. Even in non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI) elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome was demonstrated. The aim of the study was to investigate plasma adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) levels in patients with NFAIs and healthy subjects. The study included 18 NFAI patients and 18 healthy subjects. The groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Patients with NFAI showed significantly higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to healthy controls (MCP 1: p < 0.001; TNFα p = 0.021; IL6 p = 0.012). On the other hand, adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in the NFAI group (p = 0.034). The serum leptin and resistin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. Acquired results were not dependent on glucocorticoid and catecholamine secretion in NFAI patients. Also, there were no clear correlations between BMI and cytokine levels. It is possible that increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases reported in NFAI patients is at least partially dependent on adipose tissue activity.

  • Adipokine and cytokine levels in patients with adrenocortical cancer, subclinical Cushing's syndrome and healthy controls
    • Anna Babinska
    • Mariusz Franciszek Kaszubowski
    • Piotr Kmieć
    • Krzysztof Sworczak
    2018 STEROIDS

    Introduction In recent years researchers have focused at hormonal activity in Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in connection with metabolic disorders and the role of adipokines and cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate levels of adipokines and cytokines in patients with: subclinical CS (SCS) – in relation to hormonal parameters of hypercortisolemia, and, adrenocortical cancer (ACC). Materials and methods The study included 20 SCS as well as 7 ACC patients, and 18 healthy participants. Hormonal activity and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), were analyzed. Results In SCS patients compared to healthy volunteers a trend toward higher concentrations of all pro-inflammatory cytokines was noted, however, statistically significant differences were only found for TNFα and IL6 (p = 0.047 and p = 0.028, respectively). Adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in the SCS group (p = 0.006). Serum adipokine and cytokine levels were independent of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) in the SCS group. A significant correlation was found between subclinical glucocorticoid secretion and IL6 concentration (Pearson’s r = 0.517, p = 0.02). Acquired results were independent of BMI. In ACC patients compared to controls higher IL6, TNFα and MCP1 levels were recorded. Conclusion It is possible that higher adipokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations as well as lower anti-inflammatory adiponectin concentrations comprise an additional risk factor of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in SCS patients. It seems that at least among patients with SCS adipokine and cytokine secretion is independent of hormonal activity (except for IL6).

  • Adopting Collaborative Games into Agile Requirements Engineering
    • Adam Przybyłek
    • Mateusz Zakrzewski
    2018 Full text

    In agile software development, where great emphasis is put on effective informal communication involving diverse stakeholders, success depends on human and social factors. Not surprisingly, the Agile Manifesto advocates principles and values such as “individuals and interactions over processes and tools”, “focus on the customer”, “collaborate regularly”, “communicate face-to-face within the team” and “have regular team introspection”. However, agile methodologies have hardly provided any tools or techniques that aid the human side of software development. Additionally, more and more research suggests that customers no longer should be viewed as a passive source of information but need to be engaged in envisioning future business practice, discovering opportunities, and shaping solutions. To deal with these challenges, we propose a framework for extending Scrum with 9 collaborative games. Collaborative games refer to several structured techniques inspired by game play and designed to facilitate collaboration, foster customer involvement, and stimulate creative thinking. The feedback received from a Scrum team that leveraged our framework in two commercial projects, indicates that the adopted collaborative games: (1) make customers more willing to attend the meeting; (2) foster stakeholders’ commitment; and (3) produce better results than the standard approach

  • Adopting Collaborative Games into Agile Software Development
    • Mateusz Zakrzewski
    • Dagmara Kotecka
    • Yen Ying Ng
    • Adam Przybyłek
    2018

    Although the emergence of agile methods has triggered a growing awareness that social factors have a crucial impact on the success of software projects, neither the Scrum Guide nor the Agile Manifesto prescribe techniques that aid the human side of software development. To address this challenge, we enriched the Scrum process with a set of collaborative games. Collaborative games refer to techniques inspired by game play, but designed for the purpose of solving practical problems. Our approach was evaluated in two companies. The feedbacks received from Scrum teams indicate that the implementation of collaborative games leads to a variety of measurable societal outcomes. In particular, the adopted games improved participants’ communication, involvement, and creativity, make participants more willing to attend Scrum meetings, and produce better results than the standard approach. This paper is an extended version of our previous work [60].

  • Advanced Hysteretic Model of a Prototype Seismic Isolation System Made of Polymeric Bearings
    • Tomasz Falborski
    • Robert Jankowski
    2018 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    The present paper reports the results of acomprehensive study designed to verify the effectiveness of an advanced mathematical model in simulating the complex mechanical behaviour of a prototype seismic isolation system made of polymeric bearings (PBs). Firstly, in order to construct the seismic bearings considered in this research, a specially prepared flexible polymeric material with increased damping properties was employed. High effectiveness of PBs in reducing structural vibrations due to seismic excitations was already confirmed during a previously conducted shaking table investigation. In order to accurately capture the complex mechanical behaviour of PBs in numerical analysis, the proposed mathematical model defines the lateral force as a nonlinear function of shear displacement and deformation velocity. Function parameters were evaluated by fitting the general form of the mathematical model into the experimentally obtained hysteresis loops, using the least squares optimisation method. The effectiveness of the mathematical model was verified by comparing the experimental data (i.e., seismic response of a 1.20 m high single-storey and a 2.30 m high two-storey structure models under various ground motions) with the results obtained from the detailed numerical analysis, where the experimental models were idealized as multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The results obtained from this investigation explicitly confirmed that the proposed mathematical model can be successfully adopted to accurately capture complex mechanical behaviour of PBs in numerical studies.

  • Advances in mass spectrometry for iron speciation in plants
    • Ghaya AlChoubassi
    • Justyna Aszyk
    • Paulina Pisarek
    • Katarzyna Bierla
    • Laurent Ouerdane
    • Joanna Szpunar
    • Ryszard Łobiński
    2018 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Iron is an important nutrient essential for plants and critical for human health. The state-of-the art of methods for iron speciation in cereal grains and plant fluids is critically reviewed. Particular attention is given to the latest developments in the coupling of HPLC with the parallel ICP MS and electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS detection, usually QTOF MS or Q-Orbitrap MS, for the identification and quantification of iron species. The coupled techniques allow the direct microanalysis of plant intracellular fluids (xylem and phloem) and complement X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS). The increasing resolution and sensitivity of electrospray mass spectrometers and emergence of software allowing extraction of iron specific data from large chromatographic data sets are responsible for the growing role of electrospray MS/MS in speciation studies. The use of stable isotopes for the probing of the reactivity and stability of endogenous metal complexes and quantitative analysis are rising in importance.

  • Advances in olfaction-inspired biomaterials applied to bioelectronic noses
    • Tomasz Wasilewski
    • Jacek Gębicki
    • Wojciech Kamysz
    2018 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL

    Among all the senses, olfactory system of mammals is the least characterised as far as the mechanisms of odour identification are concerned. The results of recent investigations allow better understanding of the operation mechanism of the sense of smell. Progress in this field is crucial for the development of sensor technology based on olfaction-inspired biomaterials, which simulate the olfactory system of the biological counterparts. The biosensor matrices with a receptor layer which simulates biological sense of smell are successfully implemented in the construction of the devices classified as bioelectronic noses. Development of the technique of ‘electronic/artificial noses’ such as bioelectronic nose instruments (bioelectronic nose, biomimetic electronic nose, bio- enose, b- enose) foreshadows changes in more specific and sensitive odour analysis. Structure and operation mechanisms of biological olfactory systems are presented in this paper. A state of the art in the field of biosensing materials employed in biosensors and utilised for construction of the bioelectronic noses as well as future trends in smell recognition instruments are discussed. A summary of common methods used for the development and immobilization of materials based on the elements of the biological olfactory system is provided.

  • Aggregation properties of some zirconium phosphate loaded with dirhenium(III) complexes
    • A. Slipkan
    • Natalia Shtemenko
    • Rafał Bray
    • Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak
    • Aleksander Shtemenko
    2018 Full text Vaprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii

    One of the important areas of modern science is the selection of the right forms of drug delivery. Layered inorganic nanoparticles, such as zirconium phosphate, have proven themselves well in this area. The study of the properties of these systems and methods of their preparation makes it possible to determine a rational technology of their manufacture, storage conditions as well as suggest a possible mechanism of therapeutic action. The physical dimensions of the formed aggregates, morphology and structure are often the most influential factors for controlling the active surface area, reactivity, bioavailability and toxicity of nanoparticles. Aggregation properties of zirconium phosphate nanoparticles loaded with cluster rhenium(III) compounds with propionate ligands of different structure types (di-, tri- and tetra-carboxylates) and cisplatin were investigated by laser diffraction method in water. It was shown that the quantity and orientation of propionate ligands affect the aggregation properties of the investigated compounds. However, the presence of cisplatin in the composites reduced the aggregation abilities of the nanoparticles which indicate the formation of new complexes on their surfaces. After sonication, cisplatinrhenium compound composites had practically the same size-distribution curves. Our findings showed that the formation of different complexes with ZrP occurs on the surfaces depending from the structure of the rhenium substances.

  • Air trapping problem during infiltration on the large areas
    • Witold Tisler
    • Adam Szymkiewicz
    2018 Full text

    The process of flow modeling in unsaturated porous medium is often found in many fields of sciences: geology, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, microbiology or chemistry. Problem is relatively complicated due to complexity of the system which contains three phases: water, air and soil skeleton. The flow of water in such a medium can be described using two-phase (2PH) flow formulation, which accounts the inflow of air and water phases, or with simplified model known as Richards (RE) equation where only water flow is taken into account. In many well known programs available in the market (like SeepW, STOMP) the primary interest is only the water flow and the flow of air is omitted. As a result Richard equation in used more often. It’s main assumption is that pore air is continuous and has connection with atmospheric air which is equivalent to infinite mobility of the air phase during all simulation. This paper presents a brief review of the influence of the air phase in soil on water flow and pore pressure generation, with focus on applications related to infiltration process occurring in the large areas. An irrigation effect of rice fields with shallow water table has been investigated. To assess the impact of the gas phase various lengths of the infiltration zone have been considered. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the differences between the Richards equation and the two-phase flow model, using an in-house code based on the finite volume method.

  • AKTUALNY STAN PRAWNY W ZAKRESIE PRZECIWDZIAŁANIA UCIĄŻLIWOŚCIOM ZAPACHOWYM
    • Milena Gospodarek
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2018 Full text

    W Polsce w ostatnich latach rośnie liczba skarg zgłaszanych organom Inspekcji Ochrony Środowiska ze względu na uciążliwość zapachową, towarzysząca działalności wielu zakładów przemysłowych i obiektów gospodarki komunalnej. Wynika to m.in. z rozwoju gospodarczego, rozbudowy miast, a także wzrostu świadomości społecznej. Rozwój metod monitorowania i kontroli stanu powietrza atmosferycznego w coraz większym zakresie umożliwia identyfikację źródeł emisji odorów. Mając na uwadze ww. fakty oraz wyniki kontroli, Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska rozpoczął prace zmierzające do przygotowania projektu ustawy regulującej sposoby przeciwdziałania uciążliwości zapachowej, tzw. ustawy antyodorowej. Priorytetowość temu zagadnieniu nadało Ministerstwo Środowiska, mając na uwadze fakt, iż w Polsce nie istnieją dokumenty prawne w wymienionym zakresie. Zadaniem ustawy będzie określenie sposobów umożliwiających przeciwdziałanie i ograniczenie emisji związków zapachowych z działalności najbardziej uciążliwych zapachowo, a także metod identyfikowania źródeł emisji. Odczuwanie zapachów jest sprawą indywidualną, nie ulega jednak wątpliwości, że długotrwałe narażenie na odory może mieć niekorzystny wpływ na ludzkie zdrowie, m.in. wywołać depresję, nudności, trudności w oddychaniu, podrażnienie oczu, układu oddechowego oraz bóle głowy [1]. Od kilku lat w krajach Unii Europejskiej trwają prace przygotowujące prawne uregulowania problemu uciążliwości zapachowej. Liczba państw posiadających takie uregulowania rośnie nie tylko w Europie, ale również na całym świecie. Państwami posiadającymi prawo odorowe są m.in. Holandia, Niemcy, Francja, Belgia, Czechy, Turcja, Wielka Brytania, Australia, Japonia, Nowa Zelandia, USA oraz Kanada [2]. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono aktualny stan prawny w zakresie kontroli i metod przeciwdziałania uciążliwościom zapachowym w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej oraz omówiono stan zaawansowania prac nad przygotowaniem tzw. ustawy antyodorowej w Polsce. Zaprezentowano także główne metody dezodoryzacji powietrza (adsorpcyjne, absorpcyjne, biologiczne, fizyczne), określając ich skuteczność ze względu na redukcję stężenia związków o charakterze odorowym dla wybranych grup strumieni gazowych pochodzenia przemysłowego oraz z gospodarki komunalnej [3].