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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2019

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  • Client-side versus server-side geographic data processing performance comparison: Data and code
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    2019 Full text Data in Brief

    The data and code presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Analysis of Server-side and Client-side Web-GIS data processing methods on the example of JTS and JSTS using open data from OSM and Geoportal” (Kulawiak et al., 2019). The provided 12 datasets include multi-point and multi-polygon data of different scales and volumes, representing real-world geographic features. The datasets cover the area of Tricity in northern Poland as well as Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea. They have been converted to a common Spherical Mercator projection coordinate system (EPSG:3857) and consist of vector features without attributes. They are provided in the form of single GeoJSON files containing multi-feature objects which can be processed by client-side as well as server-side algorithms in a single request. The provided javascript code exemplifies the application of those datasets for measurement of client-side and server-side geoprocessing performance by using algorithms implemented as part of Java Topology Suite (JTS) and Javascript Topology Suite (JSTS). The combination of data and code samples constitutes a universal benchmark for investigative analysis of geographic data processing algorithms and their implementations in different software system architectures.

  • Combination of air-dispersion cathode with sacrificial iron anode generating Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures to degrade paracetamol under ultrasonic irradiation
    • Reza Mirzaee
    • Reza Darvishi
    • Alireza Khataee
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    In the present study, ultrasound (US) was coupled with an electrochemical process (ECP) consisting of a novel cathode of carbon cloth (CC)-carbon black (CB) as the nano-composite air-dispersion cathode (NADC) for the degradation of paracetamol (APAP) in an aquatic medium. The NADC favored in situ production of H2O2 by the cathodic reduction. The implementation of iron sacrificial anode instead of dimensionally stable anodes resulted in the generation of Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures in the solution. The Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures were activated by means of both US and H2O2 to produce more OH in the aqueous solution. In addition, the utilization of US caused the conversion of H2O2 to OH irrespective of free oxidizing radicals generated through cavitation phenomenon. The hybrid method based on coupling US and NADC-ECP in the presence of Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures proved synergism (39.8%) allowing to effective decomposition of APAP. The pulse mode of US enhanced the degradation efficiency of APAP as compared to the sweep and normal modes. The intermediates of the degradation route were identified using GC–MS analysis as well as mineralization efficiency. The toxicity assay was also performed based on the inhibition test using activated sludge of a biological wastewater treatment plant.

  • Combined Close Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Ship Hull Modelling
    • Paweł Burdziakowski
    • Paweł Tysiąc
    2019 Full text Geosciences

    The paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls inventories. Due to prescribed vitality of every ship structure, it is crucial to prepare documentation to support the vessel processes. The presented methods are directed, combined photogrammetric techniques in ship hull inventory due to submarines. The class of photogrammetry techniques based on high quality photos are supposed to be relevant techniques of the inventories’ purpose. An innovative approach combines these methods with Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The process stages of data acquisition, post-processing, and result analysis are presented and discussed due to market requirements. Advantages and disadvantages of the applied methods are presented.

  • Combining Road Network Data from OpenStreetMap with an Authoritative Database
    • Grzegorz Szwoch
    2019 Full text Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems

    Computer modeling of road networks requires detailed and up-to-date dataset. This paper proposes a method of combining authoritative databases with OpenStreetMap (OSM) system. The complete route is established by finding paths in the graph constructed from partial data obtained from OSM. In order to correlate data from both sources, a method of coordinate conversion is proposed. The algorithm queries road data from OSM and provides means of locating any point on the route in both datasets. A method of calculating the distance of any route point from the origin, and conversion between the distance and geographic coordinates, is described. Next, the location of any route point in the authoritative database is converted to the calculated route distance, which establishes a relation between the two data sources. Additionally, a method of estimating road curvature is proposed. The algorithm is validated in series of experiments. The proposed algorithm may be beneficial for researchers who collect datasets needed for computer simulations, e.g. for evaluation of optimal speed limits, and it shows usefulness of OSM in transportation related research.

  • Communication and Documentation Practices in Agile Requirements Engineering: A Survey in Polish Software Industry
    • Aleksander Jarzębowicz
    • Natalia Sitko
    2019 Full text Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

    Requirements engineering, system analysis and other analytical activities form the basis of every IT project. Such activities are not clearly defined in Agile development methods, but it does not mean that they are absent in an agile project. The aim of our work was to determine which practices related to requirements-related communication and which requirements documenting techniques are used in agile software projects. For this reason we carried out a survey study targeting agile practitioners from Polish IT industry. The paper presents survey results, discusses the noticed differences with respect to the general Agile values and principles and provides a comparison to results of similar studies described in the related work. The main observation about communication practices is that frequent, face to face communication is the most common, but many respondents also declare use of other, remote communication means or exchanging SRS documents. The investigation of requirements documentation techniques revealed differences between the techniques used while describing requirements for developers and those used to elicit requirements from stakeholders and to comprehend them.

  • Comparative analysis of earthships and conventional buildings in terms of investment and operating costs
    • Dominika Grubba
    2019

    The aim of the master's thesis is to present the idea of earthships and compare them with conventional buildings in terms of investment and operating costs. Earthships are buildings erected from tires and other wastes whose characteristic feature is their self-sufficiency. The first part of the master's thesis is to discuss the basic issues related to the earthship building. The beginnings of tire homes and their development are discussed, as well as six elements on which their concept is based: material recycling, solar heating / thermal mass, electricity, water extraction, wastewater treatment and food production. There are also described the next stages of building the earthship, as well as examples from Europe and the world. The second part of the master thesis concerns the comparative analysis of earthships and conventional buildings. The costs of construction of both types of buildings and the costs of use related to heating of houses, use of water and electricity were given. After calculations, it can be observed that investment costs are comparable in both cases. Exploitation, in turn, is definitely cheaper in earthships. If it were not for problems with building regulations and the non-universality of the Reynold’s global model, there would surely be more earthships around the world.

  • COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FERRITE SHIELDING DESIGNS IN INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEMS
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Paweł Derkacz
    2019

    Wireless power transfer technology is becoming widespread in last few years. In comparison to conventional solutions this technology can significantly increase maintainability and safety of charging systems. From the other side there are list of factors that limit efficiency of wireless systems. One of them is low coupling between coils caused by comparably high leakage inductance in comparison to regular transformer.

  • Comparative Evaluation of Multicoil Inductive Power Transfer Approaches Based on Z-source Network
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Viktor Shevchenko
    • Khomenko Maksym
    2019

    This paper describes comparative evaluation between wireless power transfer topologies with utilization of Z-source network. Paper describes components calculation method. List of open-loop, close-loop simulations were conducted to compare both topologies. Spectrum of signals is also researched.

  • Comparative Evaluation of Selected Biological Methods for the Removal of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Odorous VOCs from Air
    • Milena Gospodarek
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2019 Full text Processes

    Due to increasingly stringent legal regulations as well as increasing social awareness, the removal of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air is gaining importance. This paper presents the strategy to compare selected biological methods intended for the removal of different air pollutants, especially of odorous character. Biofiltration, biotrickling filtration and bioscrubbing technologies are evaluated in terms of their suitability for the effective removal of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic VOCs as well as typical inorganic odorous compounds. A pairwise comparison model was used to assess the performance of selected biological processes of air treatment. Process efficiency, economic, technical and environmental aspects of the treatment methods are taken into consideration. The results of the calculations reveal that biotrickling filtration is the most efficient method for the removal of hydrophilic VOCs while biofilters enable the most efficient removal of hydrophobic VOCs. Additionally, a simple approach for preliminary method selection based on a decision tree is proposed. The presented evaluation strategies may be especially helpful when considering the treatment strategy for air polluted with various types of odorous compounds.

  • Comparative Greenness Evaluation
    • Marta Bystrzanowska
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2019

    Greenness of analytical procedure is multivariable aspect as many greenness criteria should be taken into consideration. On the other hand, modern analytical chemistry offers dozens of analytical procedures, based on different sample preparation and final determination techniques that are used for the determination of a given analyte in a given matrix. For such complex decision-making processes, multi-criteria decision analysis tools are applied as a systematic approach to deal with complex decisions. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be treated as green analytical chemistry comparative metric tool if criteria of assessment describe procedures greenness. In this contribution, we present the results of ranking of seven analytical procedures that are used for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene in smoked food products. The results of TOPSIS, AHP, PROMETHEE application indicate that the first rank is scored by microwave-assisted extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection, indicating this procedure as the greenest alternative. The contribution describes a step-by-step approach to the application of three multi-criteria decision analysis tools as green analytical chemistry metrics systems.

  • Comparative Study of Balancing SRT by Using Modified ASM2d in Control and Operation Strategy at Full-Scale WWTP
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Aleksandra Szaja
    • Grzegorz Łagód
    • Łukasz Kopeć
    • José Alonso Aguilar
    2019 Full text Water

    Detailed knowledge on the composition of the influent going into the wastewater treatment system is essential for the development of a reliable computer model. In the context of WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), the wastewater characteristics are not only important for activated sludge system modelling, but also have an impact on the appropriate control of single unit operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concepts of COD (chemical oxygen demand) fractionation measurement in municipal wastewater with a respirometric method in control, and modelling the biological treatment processes at WWTP using the modified Activated Sludge Model no. 2d (ASM2d) developed by Drewnowski and Makinia. The batch OUR (oxygen uptake rate) test results and COD measurements obtained at BNR plant (96,000 m3/d) in Gdansk (Poland), were compared and evaluated with the main BNR (biological nutrient removal) WWTP (144,000 m3/d) located in Malaga (Spain). Respirometric tests and COD fractionation provided the experimental database for the comparison of the wastewater characteristics and model predictions at both large WWTPs. Some parameters, such as the heterotrophic growth yield (YH) coefficient, required calibration/validation of the range (YH = 0.64 and 0.74 gCOD/gCOD for Gda´nsk and Malaga WWTP, respectively) to fit the modified ASM2d. The crucial issue when dealing with the newly developed model and proposed wastewater characterization for both study plants were extremely low and high values of the XS/XI ratio, which can be used to control full-scale WWTP and balance the solid retention time (SRT) in activated sludge systems.

  • Comparative Study of Iranian Nomadic Housing
    • Najmeh Hassas
    • Justyna Borucka
    2019 Full text ISVS e-journal

    The purpose of this paper is to present the typical domestic space and to describe and analyze a particular temporary architecture (nomadic house) in order to perceive the exceptional nomadic culture and the architecture associated with it. The research investigates some of the nomadic tribes of Iran and their living space: including the nomadic home (Black Tent) and, uses those findings to analyze their unique culture. The research is a comparative study of the nomadic housing of Iranian tribes. Rediscovering different architecture of nomadic people who need migration between their summer and winter residences, who need places for their livestock and therefore who need different methods of living helps to understand this particular modus vivendi. In this regard, documenting how Iranian tribes can arrange and design their homes seems to be a good method for the preservation of this culture

  • Comparative study on the effectiveness of various types of road traffic intensity detectors
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    • Andrzej Sroczynski
    • Tomasz Smialkowski
    • Piotr Hoffmann
    • Sebastian Cygert
    • Grzegorz Szwoch
    • Józef Kotus
    • Dawid Weber
    • Maciej Szczodrak
    • Damian Koszewski
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Wojciech Kustra
    2019

    Vehicle detection and speed measurements are crucial tasks in traffic monitoring systems. In this work, we focus on several types of electronic sensors, operating on different physical principles in order to compare their effectiveness in real traffic conditions. Commercial solutions are based on road tubes, microwave sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Distributed traffic monitoring systems require a high number of monitoring stations. In order to improve the accuracy of traffic monitoring, several modalities, complementing each other, may be used in the monitoring stations. In this paper, we propose a multimodal approach to traffic monitoring, using sensors and signal processing algorithms developed specifically for the described task. The aim of the work described here is to test each modality in a real-life scenario, assess their accuracy and to evaluate their usefulness for multimodal traffic monitoring stations. The modalities described in the paper are: Doppler sensor with custom signal processing, video analysis based on cameras and neural networks (employing deep learning algorithms), audio monitoring based on an acoustic vector sensor developed by the authors, as well as LiDAR and Bluetooth as supplementary means of traffic monitoring. Additionally, road tubes and a commercial video-based monitoring system were used in order to provide reference data. Consequently, we can present in this paper a comparative study on the effectiveness of traffic sensors operating based on different principles of work.

  • Comparison of AHP and Numerical Taxonomy Methods Based on Biogas Plant Location Analysis
    • Alicja Stoltmann
    • Paweł Bućko
    2019 Full text Acta Energetica

    The paper presents a comparison of the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy in biogas plant location selection. Biogas plants are sources that will significantly contribute to the implementation of the provisions of the energy and climate package for Poland by 2030. Increasing the share of energy produced from renewable sources, e.g. biogas plants, will increase the country’s energy security. Biogas plants obtain energy from biogas of various origins. Therefore, biogas plant location choice depends on such factors as environmental impact, biogas availability and origin, technological aspects, and possible output energy use. The multitude of these factors makes the biogas plant location choice a multithreaded issue. The AHP is a highly sophisticated mathematical method. Its advantage is the ability to compare countable and uncountable factors with each other. The analysis outcome is a vector containing the ranking of considered variants. The numerical taxonomy is a much less complex method. It consists in determining the tested solutions’ distances from a hypothetical ideal solution, the so-called standard, in effect creating their ranking. The methods were compared in terms of sensitivity to change of decision options and criteria, decision-makers’ and experts’ involvement level, as well as computational complexity.

  • Comparison of anti-plane surface waves in strain-gradient materials and materials with surface stresses
    • Victor Eremeev
    • Giuseppe Rosi
    • Salah Naili
    2019 Full text MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

    Here we discuss the similarities and differences in anti-plane surface wave propagation in an elastic half-space within the framework of the theories of Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity and Toupin–Mindlin strain-gradient elasticity. The qualitative behaviour of the dispersion curves and the decay of the obtained solutions are quite similar. On the other hand, we show that the solutions relating to the surface elasticity model are more localised near the free surface. For the strain-gradient elasticity model there is a range of wavenumbers where the amplitude of displacements decays very slowly.

  • Comparison of Compact Reduced Basis Method with Different Model Order Reduction Techniques
    • Damian Szypulski
    • Grzegorz Fotyga
    • Valentin De La Rubia
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2019

    Different strategies suitable to compare the performance of different model order reduction techniques for fast frequency sweep in finite element analysis in Electromagnetics are proposed and studied in this work. A Frobenius norm error measure is used to describe how good job a reduced-order model is doing with respect to the true system response. In addition, the transfer function correct behavior is monitored by studying the convergence of the poles and zeros of the reduced-order system. The results of this comparison are detailed in two microwave filter structures.

  • Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques as Methodology for Surveying and Monitoring Stainless Steel Chimneys
    • Karol Daliga
    • Zygmunt Kurałowicz
    2019 Full text Geosciences

    The measurement of a chimney axis is an engineering geodesy task. These measurements allow to assess the technical condition of chimneys and are usually carried out for reinforced concrete chimneys. When measuring high chimneys, the main problem may be the need to go a long distance to take a measurement. The surface of the chimney can also be problematic because it can absorb so much light from the range finder that total station reflectorless measurement or laser scanning will not be possible or will be affected by significant error. Chimneys made of stainless steel are also used today. They are not as high as reinforced concrete chimneys, but measuring them using reflectorless total stations or laser scanning can also be problematic. Problems arise from the reflective surface of these chimneys. The article presents a comparison of measurement results of a stainless steel chimney fragment obtained from total station measurement and laser scanning. Similarities and differences in the obtained axis of this chimney fragment are presented.

  • Comparison of GC–MS and MEKC methods for caffeine determination in preworkout supplements
    • Emilia Waraksa
    • Andrzej Pokrywka
    • Marek Konop
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Ewa Kłodzińska
    2019 ELECTROPHORESIS

    In this study, GC–MS- and MEKC-based methods for determination of caffeine (CAF) in preworkout supplements were developed and validated. The proposed protocols utilized minimal sample preparation (simple dilution and syringe filtration). The developed methods achieved satisfactory validation parameters, i.e. good linearity (R2 0.9988 and R2 0.9985 for GC–MS- and MEKC-based method, respectively), satisfactory intraand interaccuracy (within 92.6–100.7% for method utilizing GC–MS and 92.1–110.3% for protocol based on MEKC) and precision (CV 15.9% and CV 6.3% for GC– MS- and MEKC-based method, respectively) and recovery (within 100.1–100.8% for method utilizing GC–MS and 101.5–106.2% for protocol based on MEKC). The LOD was 0.03 and 3 g/mL formethod utilizing GC–MS andMEKC, respectively. The CAF concentrations determined by GC–MS- and MEKC-based methods were found to be in the range of 8.53–11.23 and 8.20–11.61 g/mL, respectively. Taking into consideration information on the labels, the investigated supplements were found to contain from 110.0 to 167.3% of the declared CAF content, which confirmed the literature reports on incompatibility of the declared product compositions with real ones. Nevertheless, the consumption of examined supplements as recommended by producers did not lead to exceeding the CAF safe limit of 400 mg per day. Additionally, the MEKC-based method allowed for detection and identification of vitamin B3 and B6 in all of the investigated supplement samples, which demonstrated that MEKC-based protocols may be an appropriate assays for simultaneous determination of CAF and vitamins.

  • Comparison of Lithuanian and Polish Consonant Phonemes Based on Acoustic Analysis – Preliminary Results
    • Grazina Korvel
    • Olga Kurasova
    • Bożena Kostek
    2019 Full text Archives of Acoustics

    The goal of this research is to find a set of acoustic parameters that are related to differences between Polish and Lithuanian language consonants. In order to identify these differences, an acoustic analysis is performed, and the phoneme sounds are described as the vectors of acoustic parameters. Parameters known from the speech domain as well as those from the music information retrieval area are employed. These parameters are time- and frequency-domain descriptors. English language as an auxiliary language is used in the experiments. In the first part of the experiments, an analysis of Lithuanian and Polish language samples is carried out, features are extracted, and the most discriminating ones are determined. In the second part of the experiments, automatic classification of Lithuanian/English, Polish/English, and Lithuanian/Polish phonemes is performed.

  • Comparison of pavement noise properties on selected road sections using different CPX measuring systems: self-powered vehicle and special test trailer
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    • Wojciech Sorociak,
    2019 Full text

    The recently published ISO standard intended to measure the noise properties of road surfaces in a standardized method (ISO 11819-2:2017) precisely defines measurement procedure of the influence of road surface on traffic noise. According to it, two types of test vehicles may be utilized: a self-powered vehicle fitted with one or more test tyres and a trailer towed by a separate vehicle with one or more test tyres mounted on the trailer. The microphones are located in the close-proximity of the test tyre in strictly defined positions. Round Robin Test using both types of test vehicles was carried out in Poland. The objective was the comparison of noise properties of selected pavements in terms of noise levels obtained when using different CPX measuring systems and to determine if pavement ranking regarding the noise properties is the same. Twelve road sections of six different wearing course mixes were selected for this purpose. Measurements were performed by two independent teams operating two different CPX measuring systems equipped with different test tyres. The RRT results show significant differences in CPX noise levels ranging from –0.9 to +2.3 dB. The pavement ranking is generally the same with some exceptions for less noisy road surfaces.