2019 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2019

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Establishing intelligent enterprise through community of practice for product innovation
- Mohammad Waris
- Cesar Sanin
- Edward Szczerbicki
2019 Full text JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS
This paper presents the idea of implementing the virtual Community of Practice for Product Innovation processes towards the establishment of intelligent enterprise. Since the fourth industrial revolution is passing through the developing phase, implementation of Cyber-Physical Production Systems require more realistic approach. Knowledge Management and Engineering plays an important role in manufacturing industries facing global competition. One of the most promising areas where Knowledge Management is studied and applied is product innovation. This paper explains the efficient and systematic methodology for Knowledge Management through Community of Practice for product innovation. Manufacturing industries can connect with similar industries at global level, sharing and using technical and experiential knowledge in decision making thus converting them into intelligent enterprises.
Estimating Traffic Intensity Employing Passive Acoustic Radar and Enhanced Microwave Doppler Radar Sensor
- Andrzej Czyżewski
- Józef Kotus
- Grzegorz Szwoch
2019 Full text Remote Sensing
Innovative road signs that can autonomously display the speed limit in cases where the trac situation requires it are under development. The autonomous road sign contains many types of sensors, of which the subject of interest in this article is the Doppler sensor that we have improved and the constructed and calibrated acoustic probe. An algorithm for performing vehicle detection and tracking, as well as vehicle speed measurement, in a signal acquired with a continuous wave Doppler sensor, is discussed. A method is also experimentally presented and studied for counting vehicles and for determining their movement direction by means of acoustic vector sensor application. The assumptions of the method employing spatial distribution of sound intensity determined with the help of an integrated three-dimensional (3D) sound intensity probe are discussed. The enhanced Doppler radar and the developed sound intensity probe were used for the experiments that are described and analyzed in the paper.
Estimation of electrode contact in capacitive ECG measurement
- Adam Bujnowski
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Jerzy Wtorek
- Kamil Osiński
- Dominika Strupińska
2019 Full text
In the paper a method of electrode’s contact estimation in capacitive electrocardiogram (CECG) is presented. Proposed solution allows estimation of contact quality for each individual electrode. This enables construction of multi-electrode CECG systems, where electrode pairs can be selected on the basis of the individual electrode contact quality.
Estimation of wind pressure acting on the new palm house in Gdansk
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
- Bartosz Sobczyk
- Krzysztof Wilde
2019 Full text AIP Conference Proceedings
This paper deals with the problem of numerical simulations of wind loads acting on a Palm House with complex geometry. Flow simulations with aid of computational fluid dynamics procedures have been performed to check if the pressure distributions for the structure are greater than those calculated using the standard design codes with assumption that the Palm House horizontal cross sections are described by smooth cylinders.
ESTYMACJA WSPÓŁCZYNNIKÓW SZTYWNOŚCI ZAMOCOWANIA PODATNEGO PRZEDMIOTU OBRABIANEGO NA STOLE FREZARKI
- Michał Mazur
- Marek Galewski
- Krzysztof Kaliński
2019
W pracy przedstawiono metodę estymacji współczynników sztywności Elementów Sprężystych (ES) modelujących zamocowanie podatnego wielkogabarytowego przedmiotu obrabianego na stole frezarki. Proponowana metoda bazuje na algorytmie optymizacji za pomocą roju cząstek (ang. Particle Swarm Optimization), który pozwala na uzyskanie dobrej zgodności (aktualizacji) modelu Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES) z modelem pochodzącym z identyfikacji danych eksperymentalnych. Uzyskany w ten sposób model MES może być wykorzystywany do dalszych symulacji zarówno w dziedzinie czasu, jak i dziedzinie częstotliwości.
Evaluati on of long-term start up costs impact on short-term price based operational optimization of a CCGT using MILP
- Sylwia Gotzman
- Paweł Ziόłkowski
- Janusz Badur
2019 Full text E3S Web of Conferences
An increasing share of the weather-dependent RES generation in the power system leads to the growing importance of flexibility of conventional power plants. They were usually designed for base load operation and it is a challenge to determine the actual long-term cycling costs, which account for an increase in maintenance and overhaul expenditures, increased forced outage rates and shortened life expectancy of the plant and components. In this paper, the overall impact of start up costs is evaluated by formulating and solving price based unit commitment problem (PBUC). The electricity spot market is considered as a measure for remunerating flexibility. This approach is applied to a real-life case study based on the 70 MWe PGE Gorzów CCGT power plant. Different operation modes are calculated and results are used to derive a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize the operation of the plant. The developed mathematical model is implemented in Python within the frame of the PuLP library and solved using GUROBI. Results of the application of the method to a numerical example are presented.
Evaluating Accuracy of Respiratory Rate Estimation from Super Resolved Thermal Imagery
- Alicja Kwaśniewska
- Maciej Szankin
- Jacek Rumiński
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
2019 Full text
Non-contact estimation of Respiratory Rate (RR) has revolutionized the process of establishing the measurement by surpassing some issues related to attaching sensors to a body, e.g. epidermal stripping, skin disruption and pain. In this study, we perform further experiments with image processing-based RR estimation by using various image enhancement algorithms. Specifically, we employ Super Resolution (SR) Deep Learning (DL) network to generate hallucinated thermal image sequences that are then analyzed to extract breathing signals. DL-based SR networks have been proved to increase image quality in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise ratio. However, it hasn’t been evaluated yet whether it leads to better RR estimation accuracy, what we address in this study. Our research confirms that for estimator based on the dominated peak in the frequency spectrum Root Mean Squared Error improves by 0.15bpm for 8-bit and by 0.84bpm for 16-bit data comparing to original sequences if hallucinated frames are used. Mean Absolute Error is reduced by 0.63bpm for average aggregator and by 2.06bpm for skewness. This finding can enable various remote monitoring solutions that may suffer from poorer accuracy due to low spatial resolution of utilized thermal cameras.
Evaluating Performance and Accuracy Improvements for Attention-OCR
- Adam Brzeski
- Kamil Grinholc
- Kamil Nowodworski
- Adam Przybyłek
2019
In this paper we evaluated a set of potential improvements to the successful Attention-OCR architecture, designed to predict multiline text from unconstrained scenes in real-world images. We investigated the impact of several optimizations on model’s accuracy, including employing dynamic RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks), scheduled sampling, BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and a modified attention model. BiLSTM was found to slightly increase the accuracy, while dynamic RNNs and a simpler attention model provided a significant training time reduction with only a slight decline in accuracy.
Evaluating the effect of different operational strategies on the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants – case studies from northern Poland
- Mojtaba Maktabifard
- Ewa Zaborowska
- Jacek Mąkinia
2019 Full text WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nowadays, low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is expected at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, emission quantification and evaluation still faces difficulties related to data availability and uncertainty. The objective of this study was to perform carbon footprint (CF) analysis for two municipal WWTPs located in northern Poland. Slupsk WWTP is a large biological nutrient removal (BNR) facility (250,000 PE) which benefits from on-site electricity production from biogas. The other studied plant is a medium-size BNR facility in Starogard (60,000 PE). In this WWTP, all the required electricity was provided from the grid. Both wastewater systems were composed of activated sludge, with differences in the nutrient removal efficiency and sludge treatment line. The CF calculations were based on empirical models considering various categories of input parameters, afterwards summing up the emissions expressed in CO2 equivalents (CO2e). After sensitivity analysis, significant contributors to GHG emissions were identified. The total specific CF of the Slupsk and the Starogard WWTP was 17.3 and 38.8 CO2e per population equivalent (PE), respectively. In both cases, sludge management, electricity consumption and direct emissions from wastewater treatment were found to significantly influence the CF. A substantial share of the total CF originated from indirect emissions, primarily caused by the energy consumption. This negative impact can be partially overcome by increasing the share of renewable energy sources. Reduction of over 30% in the total CF could be achieved while applying energy recovery from biogas by combined heat and power plants. Farmland and farmland after composting were found to be the most appropriate strategies for sludge management. They could create a CF credit (8% of the total CF) as a result of substituting a synthetic fertilizer. Reliable full-scale measurements of N2O emissions from wastewater treatment are recommended due to high uncertainty in CF estimation based on fixed emission factors (EFs). While applying the lowest and the highest N2O EFs reported in the literature, the total CF would change even by 2–3 times.
Evaluation of Facial Pulse Signals Using Deep Neural Net Models
- Jacek Rumiński
- Alicja Kwaśniewska
- Maciej Szankin
- Tomasz Kocejko
- Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
2019
The reliable measurement of the pulse rate using remote photoplethysmography (PPG) is very important for many medical applications. In this paper we present how deep neural networks (DNNs) models can be used in the problem of PPG signal classification and pulse rate estimation. In particular, we show that the DNN-based classification results correspond to parameters describing the PPG signals (e.g. peak energy in the frequency domain, SNR, etc.). The results show that it is possible to identify regions of a face, for which reliable PPG signals can be extracted. The accuracy obtained for the classification task and the mean absolute error achieved for the regression task proved the usefulness of the DNN models.
Evaluation of Health Hazard Due to Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Various Processing Units of Wastewater Treatment Plant
- Hubert Byliński
- Jacek Gębicki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2019 Full text International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The paper describes an attempt at health risk assessment and odour concentration determination in the most important units of a wastewater treatment plant. The cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) parameters in selected measurement locations were calculated based on the results of chromatographic analyses (GCxGC-TOF-MS) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines. No exceedance of the CR and HI acceptable levels was observed for identified and quantitatively determined compounds from the VOCs group. The acceptable level was exceeded for the summary HI parameter. Following a classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it was noticed that the highest hazard was connected to the presence of formaldehyde belonging to group 1—the compounds regarded as carcinogenic. Based on the olfactometric analyses, it was estimated that the highest odour concentration, 37.2 ou/m3, occurred at the solid waste composting piles. It was also revealed that an increase in odour concentration corresponded to a higher health risk for employees of the wastewater treatment plant, due to exposure to volatile odorous compounds. Accordingly, this method of odour measurement can be a fast indicator describing health risk level.
Evaluation of Partial Nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) Process Performance and Microorganisms Community Composition under Different C/N Ratio
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Dominika Grubba
- Joanna Majtacz
- Przemysław Kowal
- Jacek Mąkinia
2019 Full text Water
A one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process with intermittent aeration is possible under sidestream conditions, but implementation in a mainstream is a challenge due to increased Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios in domestic wastewater. This study investigated the effect of C/N ratios on process efficiency and the effect of narrowing non-aeration time on process improvement at high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load. An increase in TN removal efficiency was achieved in both series with gradual change of C/N ratio from 1 to 3, from 65.1% to 83.4% and 63.5% to 78% in 1st and 2nd series, respectively. However, at the same time, the ammonium utilization rate (AUR) value decreased with the increase in C/N ratio. At a high COD (C/N = 3) concentration, the process broke down and regained productivity after narrowing the non-aeration time in both series. Shifts in the system performance were also connected to adaptive changes in microbial community revealed by data obtained from 16S rRNA NGS (next-generation sequencing), which showed intensive growth of the bacteria with dominant heterotrophic metabolism and the decreasing ratio of autotrophic bacteria. The study shows that deammonification is applicable to the mainstream provided that the C/N ratio and the aeration/non-aeration time are optimized.
Evaluation of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Doped Ceria as a Possible Barrier Layer Material for Solid Oxide Cells
- Bartosz Kamecki
- Jakub Karczewski
- Piotr Jasiński
- Sebastian Molin
2019 ECS Transactions
In this work, nanocrystalline layers based on the Pr, Gd co-doped CeO2 were investigated. For the preparation of thin layers, lowtemperature spray pyrolysis technique was used. Different stoichiometries of the layers were produced for comparison on polished sapphire substrates. The microstructure of the prepared thin layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The total electrical conductivity as a function of Gd or Pr dopant were determined by DC electrical measurements using the Van der Pauw method in air atmosphere. The oxygen electrode interface analysis confirm protective character of the diffusion barrier layer based on doped CeO2.
Evaluation of the glycerolysis process and valorisation of recovered polyol in polyurethane synthesis
- Patrycja Jutrzenka Trzebiatowska
- Hynek Beneš
- Janusz Datta
2019 Full text REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
In this study, the glycerolysis of polyurethane (PU) foam and the applicability of obtained glycerolysate (GLY) for cast PUs were investigated. It was found that crude glycerine with purity grade of 84% might be successfully used for the glycerolysis. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: reaction time of 60 min at 220 °C using dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (0.5%). Moreover, the purification of GLY by means of liquid-liquid extraction and distillation was also adapted. Cast PUs based on GLY were prepared using a two-step method, during which a prepolymer was first synthesised from a mixture of virgin polyol, GLY and 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The prepolymer was then extended with a chain extender, 1, 4-butanediol or 1, 3-propanediol. The effect of virgin polyol replacement by GLY (up to 75%) on thermal and mechanical properties of the cast PUs was determined. The PUs based on GLY exhibited slightly lower thermal stability, higher storage modulus and higher glass transition temperature than the neat PU. The tensile strength of all prepared PUs was beneficially high (12–15 MPa), while the elongation at break decreased with the increasing GLY content probable due to the branching of PU chains.
Evaluation of the influence of grapevine growing conditions on wine quality
- Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Klaudia Kosek
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Jacek Namieśnik
2019 Full text MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE
Scientists are increasingly interested in the viticulture concept of terroir, which states that unique properties of wine are strictly related to the environmental conditions under which grapes are cultivated. The aim of the research was to compare the parameters characterizing wines produced in Poland, such as pH, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and concentration of anions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−, SO42−). It was shown that red wines were characterized by higher acidity and higher concentration of fluoride ions compared to white wines. All wine samples were characterized by a high concentration of phosphate ions which is associated with the process of soil fertilization with phosphorus compounds. A tentative chemometric analysis was performed in order to examine the correlations between the determined parameters. The results were compared in terms of the effect of soil type on the concentration of compounds contained in wine, and the pH and conductivity parameters. The analysis has shown that the soil in which the grapevines grow has a significant impact on the values of selected parameters and on the content of selected chemical compounds.
Evaluation of the prediction ability of air pollutants based on the electronic nose responses
- Paweł Kalinowski
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Grzegorz Jasiński
- Piotr Jasiński
2019
Electronic noses are able to perform on-line measurements of the toxic volatile compounds in air. Due to their low cost and compact size they can be placed in the areas exposed to pollution, outside the laboratory. Those advantages, on the other side, force the need for development of the reliable sensors data analysis procedures. One of the most important issues connected with electronic noses is the lack of stability of the gas sensors responses. This issue influence the overall performance of the measurement system. The methods of improvement of the reliability of the electronic noses are still under the scientific interests. In this work we present the results of the evaluation of the our-design electronic nose system. The measurement system was calibrated for the concentration prediction of the four toxic volatile compounds, namely nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and sulfur dioxide. The prediction errors results are evaluated based on the measurements conducted together with the reference station at the PKN Orlen in Plock.
Evaluation of the stiffness modulus and phase angle of cold in-place recycled mix-tures for long curing periods
- Bohdan Dołżycki
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Cezary Szydłowski
2019
Article presents the changes inbehaviour of cold-in place recycling mixtures made using cement and bituminous emulsion (CIR mixtures) after anelongated time of curing. Most of the available literatureregarding change instiffness modulus and phase angle presents resultsfor a maximum of several dozen days,which makesit difficult to predict the behaviour over the whole life of the compacted layer. The article presents the results of stiffness modulus and phase angle for cold in-place recycled mixtures after 3 years of curing. Nine different mixtures with different combinations of cement and bituminous emulsion were tested using Simple Performance Tester. Stiffness modulus and phase angle were measured for three temperatures (4°C, 20°Cand 40°C) and for 9 different frequencies (from 0.01 Hz to 25 Hz). The obtained results confirmed that despite the strong action of hydraulic bonds and their increase over three years, CIR mixtures maintained intermediate behaviour between strictlyelastic and viscoelastic. While for lower test temperatures of 4°Cand 20°C a steady increase in stiffness modulus and a decrease in phase angle were observed with the time of curing, there were no changes in the values of both parameters measured atthe temperature of 40°C. In termsof relative values, theobserved changes were notremarkablyhigh for such a long term and ranged up to 25%. Nevertheless,in all the tested cases,with the passingof operational timematerialsbecame more elastic, which can result in improved resistance to permanent deformation, but also inhigher susceptibility to reflective cracking.
Evaluation of the use of reindeer droppings for monitoring essential and non-essential elements in the polar terrestrial environment
- Aneta Pacyna-Kuchta
- Marcin Frankowski
- Krystyna Kozioł
- Michał Węgrzyn
- Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka
- Sara Lehmann-Konera
- Żaneta Polkowska
2019 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Excess or toxic metals, non-metals and metalloids can be eliminated from the organism by deposition in inert tissue (e.g. fur) or excretion with body secretions, urine and faeces. Droppings are one of the main routes for the elimination of multiple elements and they can be collected without direct contact with the animal. Contaminant concentration has been examined in non-lethally collected tissues of several species (especially reptilian, avian and mammalian). However, studies on species residing in polar areas are still limited, especially of mammals from the European Arctic. Reindeers are the only large herbivores living in Svalbard, being an essential part of the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem. Although reindeer presence has a high impact on their surroundings, those huge mammals are rarely part of ecotoxicological studies regarding metal pollution. In this paper, the droppings of Svalbard reindeer were used as a non-invasively collected tissue to examine the excretion pathway of 30 elements. Samples were collected in mesic and moss tundra, representing summer, winter and winter-transitional excretion. For more than a half of the studied elements, significant differences occurred between the samples collected in the two tundra types. The feasibility of older and fresh samples was assessed based on summer droppings, and significant differences were found for K, As, Mn, Na, Ni, and Sb concentrations. No relevant differences in element levels were observed for samples collected from adult females, adult males and calves, except for zinc and potassium. Results show that reindeer droppings are an important vector for the transfer of many metals, non-metals and metalloids including calcium, phosphorus, zinc, aluminium and lead. As a sedentary species, feeding on local food sources, Svalbard reindeer is a valuable indicator of trace element presence in the polar terrestrial ecosystem.
Ewolucja od węgla do krzemu
- Jarosław Wawer
2019 Elektronika dla wszystkich
Felieton popularnonaukowy dotyczący filozofii techniki.
Exact-match Based Wikipedia-WordNet Integration
- Tomasz Boinski
- Julian Szymanski
- Tymoteusz Cejrowski
2019 Full text
Ability to link between WordNet synsets and Wikipedia articles allows usage of those resources by computers during natural language processing. A lot of work was done in this field, however most of the approaches focus on similarity between Wikipedia articles and WordNet synsets rather than creation of perfect matches. In this paper we proposed a set of methods for automatic perfect matching generation. The proposed methods were evaluated and integrated into one unified solution for generating matches with good quality. The paper describes and evaluates the proposed methods and presents the integration process. The evaluation of the final proposed solution is given.