2019 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2019

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ANALYSIS OF BONE WEDGE DIMENSIONS SELECTION METHODS IN HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY
- Sebastian Urbanowski
- Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- Szymon Grymek
2019 Full text Advances in Materials Science
The article presents the analysis of methods for selecting dimensions of bone wedge for high tibial osteotomy. The existing methods are described along with the procedure. In the following paragraphs, deficiencies in the selection of bone wedge dimensions and global trends in this field have been demonstrated. Based on the numerical analysis, the problem appearing in the wrong choice of bone wedge imensions was illustrated.
Analysis of circular polarization antenna design trade‐offs using low‐cost EM‐driven multiobjective optimization
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Quingsha. S. Cheng
2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
Circular polarization (CP) antennas are vital components of modern communication systems. Their design involves handling several requirements such as low reflection and axial ratio (AR) within the frequency range of interest. Small size is an important criterion for antenna mobility which is normally achieved as a by‐product of performance‐oriented modifications of the structure topology. In this work, multiobjective optimization is used in order to identify and analyze design trade‐offs for miniaturized CP antenna including the antenna capability for maintaining small size while retaining acceptable levels of other performance figures. We use a population‐based metaheuristic algorithm to obtain a set of designs which represent the best attainable compromise between the imposed requirements. To maintain a low optimization cost, the algorithm is executed on a cheap approximation model and the results are further corrected to bring them to the EM model accuracy level. Here, the analysis is carried out for a planar CP antenna. Achievable size reduction of the considered structure—while maintaining acceptable performance—is around 11%. Antenna performance in terms of in‐band reflection and AR varies from −14 to −10 dB and from 1.3 to 3 dB, respectively. The numerical results are validated by measurements of fabricated antenna prototypes.
Analysis of compressive forces in CFGFT cylindrical pillars and their coatings using laboratory tests and metric spaces
- Marcin Abramski
- Eligiusz Mieloszyk
- Anita Milewska
2019 Full text MEASUREMENT
The article discusses compressive forces tests in composite-concrete pillars with the use of laboratory active experiment including the factors and properties of materials which have a significant impact on the test results and their repeatability. A polymer composite based on glass fiber reinforced resin with different fiber beam angles (20, 55 and 85) was used as a buffer/coat of the pole. Due to the problems with direct comparison of the obtained discrete measurement results for different angles of the fiber winding, a transition from the measured discrete signals to the continuous description was proposed. Using this approach, it was possible to include control systems, identification theory and finally metric spaces in the research methodology. The latter made it possible to determine the relations between compressive forces for the various examined poles and their coats, and further, to define the partial order in the space of the poles studied and their coverings. The obtained results indicated the wide possibilities of the proposed test methods for compressive forces in composite-concrete pillars and their glass-fiber reinforced coats
Analysis of GNSS sensed precipitable water vapour and tropospheric gradients during the derecho event in Poland of 11th August 2017
- Grzegorz Nykiel
- Mariusz Figurski
- Zofia Baldysz
2019 Full text JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
Nowadays, one of the techniques that meets the increasing requirements of meteorologist in terms of monitoring of severe weather events is global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), which can provide information about the tropospheric state independently of the weather conditions and even in real time. In this paper we present the usage of GNSS sensed tropospheric data to monitor sudden and intense weather events. Our analyses were performed on the example of a derecho event in Poland of 11th August 2017. We used GPS/GLONASS observations from 278 GNSS reference stations located in Poland and, using Bernese GNSS Software ver. 5.2, we estimated the zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) and tropospheric gradients with 5 and 15-min intervals respectively. Next, using meteorological data from the synoptic stations, we estimated the precipitable water vapour (PWV) which gives information about the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere. By applying a dense network of GNSS receivers, we were able to create the PWV, rate of the PWV (ROP), and the tropospheric gradients maps, which in turn allowed us to monitor the derecho event. We also conducted case studies for the selected GNSS stations where a comparison between PWV, reflectivity, and microwave radiometer were performed. During the main phase of the event we obtained the maximum value of PWV equal to 52.1 mm at 20:30 UTC. We also acquired high agreement between the PWV/ROP maps and reflectivity derived from meteorological radars. This applies to both the direction and speed of the phenomena as well as the time and place of the occurrence of the main phase of the derecho. This was possible only owing to the use of data derived from the dense network of the GNSS receivers.
ANALYSIS OF IMPACT of SHIP model parameters on changes of control quality index in ship dynamic positioning system
- Tacjana Niksa-Rynkiewicz
- Anna Witkowska
2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research
In this work there is presented an analysis of impact of ship model parameters on changes of control quality index in a ship dynamic positioning system designed with the use of a backstepping adaptive controller. Assessment of the impact of ship model parameters was performed on the basis of Pareto-Lorentz curves and ABC method in order to determine sets of the parameters which have either crucial, moderate or low impact on objective function. Simulation investigations were carried out with taking into account integral control quality indices.
Analysis of ring cracks in ceramic rolling elements using the boundary element method
- Waldemar Karaszewski
2019 Full text TRIBOLOGIA
Ceramic materials have been increasingly used in bearing technology for over a dozen years. This is due to the characteristic properties of ceramic materials such as: high hardness, corrosion resistance, the possibility of use in aggressive chemical environments, as well as due to the lower specific weight compared to steel materials. However, the use of ceramic materials is connected with many limitations. The main disadvantages are surface cracks and low fracture toughness value. The paper presents a numerical analysis of crack propagation in silicon nitride balls. The directions of propagation were analyzed for the cracks that are most commonly found on the surface of the ceramic balls. The directions were analyzed along crack front and due to the location of the crack in relation to the contact point of the balls in the rolling contact. The numerical calculations are based on a three-dimensional model of the ring crack. Numerical calculations were carried out using boundary element method. Numerical solutions were compared with the results of experimental research.
Analysis of server-side and client-side Web-GIS data processing methods on the example of JTS and JSTS using open data from OSM and geoportal
- Marcin Kulawiak
- Agnieszka Dawidowicz
- Marek Pacholczyk
2019 Full text COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
The last decade has seen a rapid evolution of processing, analysis and visualization of freely available geographic data using Open Source Web-GIS. In the beginning, Web-based Geographic Information Systems employed a thick-client approach which required installation of platform-specific browser plugins. Later on, research focus shifted to platform-independent thin client solutions in which data processing and analysis was performed by the server machine. More recently, however, the rapid development of computer hardware as well as software technologies such has HTML5 has enabled the creation of platform-independent thick clients which offer advanced GIS functionalities such as geoprocessing. This article aims to analyse the current state of Open Source technologies and publicly available geographic data sources in the context of creating cost-effective Web-GIS applications for integration and processing of spatial data. For this purpose the article discusses the availability and potential of Web-GIS architectures, software libraries and data sources. The analysis of freely available data sources includes a discussion of the quality and accuracy of crowd-sourced as well as public sector data, while the investigation of software libraries and architectures involves a comparison of server-side and client-side data processing performance under a set of real-world scenarios. The article concludes with a discussion of the choice of cost-effective Web-GIS architectures, software libraries and data sources in the context of the institution and environment of system deployment.
Analysis of size and shape of abrasive micrograins in lapping of assembly joints
- Adam Barylski
2019 Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu
Przedstawiono skomputeryzowana analizę wielkości i kształtu mikroziaren ściernych. W badaniach mikroziaren węglika boru, węglika krzemu i elektrokorundu zastosowano mikroskopie optyczna oraz specjalistyczne oprogramowanie MultiScan v.6.08
Analysis of start energy of Stirling engine type alpha
- Jacek Kropiwnicki
2019 Full text Archives of Thermodynamics
The Stirling engine type alpha is composed of two cylinders (expansion space E and compression space C), regenerator that forms the space between the cylinders and the buffer space (under the pistons). Before the start-up and as a result of long-term operation, the average pressure in the working space (above the pistons) and in the buffer space is the same. However, in the initial phase of operation, the average pressure in the working space is different then the average pressure in the buffer space depending on the crankshaft starting position (starting angle). This, in turn, causes a large variation in the starting torque. An additional unfavorable factor caused by a large variation in the course of the indicated torque is the rotational speed variation and the formation of torsional vibrations in the drive system. After some time, depending on the quality of the engine piston sealing, the average pressure in the working and buffer space will equalize. The occurrence of the above-described phenomenon affects the selection of the starting electric motor, which can be significantly reduced, when the crankshaft starting position is optimized (the starting torque is several times greater than the average torque occurring in the generator operation mode). This paper presents the analysis of the impact of the crankshaft starting position on the course of the indicated torque and the resulting start-up energy. Starting the engine at an unfavorable position of the crankshaft may, in extreme cases, increase the starting torque even three times.
Analysis of the Application of Horizontal Directional Drilling
- Małgorzata Bratnikow
2019 Full text World Scientific News
Construction works are often considered to be very intrusive for the environment. Project designers assume deep excavations, or a complete replacement of the ground within the investment, which sometimes changes the initial conditions drastically. The problem started to appear in places, where the terrain is complicated and the excavation is burdensome. Some of state authorities do not agree to carry out works by open excavation. Such as crossing the river, running a network under the street in the city center, or a necessity to cross the protected natural area. In a case of linear facilities, it is possible to minimize interference for the natural environment. An example is crossing through a river, where instead of running a network on the bottom, a controlled drilling can be used. Modern technology allows for streamlining of execution works in line with pro-ecological policy.
Analysis of the Impact of Charging Electric Cars on the Power System Load
- Wiktoria Stahl
- Paweł Bućko
2019 Full text Acta Energetica
The paper presents ways of integrating electric cars with the power system. In connection with this, daily load curves in the average working day have been developed in the G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) variants. The G2V solution consists in unidirectional energy flow from the power system to a vehicle’s battery. The V2G solution consists in bi-directional energy exchange between the power system and electric car’s battery. Each of these options may have a different impact on the system’s load. The paper presents the impact of charging a large number of electric cars on the dynamics of load changes in the period of increasing demand from the night valley to the morning peak and during its fall from the evening peak to the night valley. Also, indicators characterizing the shape of the daily load curve were analysed. The actual system load curve was compared with the G2V and V2G based on original calculations.
Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector
- Joanna Grochowalska
2019 Full text Combustion Engines
One of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering. The diameter of nozzle injector was 0.375 mm and L/D coefficient 8.3. In these research were considered different parameters of injection opening pressures and backpressures in the constant volume chamber. Generally conlusions are: the opening pressure influence on maximum spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and influence on speed of the injected fuel. The increase of backpressure into the constant volume chamber causes the reduction of spray tip penetration and the increase of the spray cone angle.
Analysis of the possibilities in railways shape assessing using GNSS mobile measurements
- Władysław Koc
- Cezary Specht
- Piotr Chrostowski
- Jacek Szmagliński
2019 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences
In recent years, a dynamic development of satellite positioning techniques using both static and mobile GNSS coordinates register mode can be observed. In addition, still developing Real-time GNSS Networks, post-processing algorithms and another measurement signal analysis algorithms, make the satellite measurements increasingly used in railway industry sector. In the article the possibilities which follows from the mobile satellite measurements in railway engineering are briefly presented. In the years 2009-2015, the authors conducted a series of field investigations on operated railway lines. The obtained results of these measurements led to the development of a number of algorithms that increase the range of applicability of GNSS measurements. The analysis of obtained results also showed how the accuracy of the measurements have increased since 2009. The achieved accuracy has been increased due to a development of GNSS positioning systems as well as improvement of the measurement methodology, i.e. configurations of satellite receivers and layouts of their placement on a mobile measuring platform. It was also found that the development of data analysis algorithms contributed to the increasement in the obtained accuracy in assessment of a railway track axis shape. The authors indicate the possibilities of applying GNSS techniques at various stages of construction and operation of railways. According to the authors, the most important advantage of both the presented measurement technique and computational methodology is the ability to effectively and relatively low-cost data acquisition regarding the existing state of the railway line. These data can be successfully used to design changes to the geometry of railway lines, and therefore satellite positioning has enormous application potential in the process of modernization of operated railway lines.
Analysis of the possibility of creep damage detection in T24 heat resistant steel with the help of magnetic nondestestructive testing methods
- Leszek Piotrowski
- Marek Chmielewski
- Grzegorz Golański
- Paweł Wieczorek
2019 Full text ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
The paper presents the result of an analysis of applicability of various electromagnetic methods of nondestructive evaluation for creep damage detection in a novel heat resistant steel - T24 grade. Two sample sets, cut out from membrane wall tubes, were investigated – the as-delivered one and another exploited for 36,000 h in a power plant. There are described results of magnetic hysteresis loops B(H), Barkhausen noise (BN) and magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) signals measurements. Changes of the B(H) loops shape are observed mainly in the “knee” regions. The BN signal is practically unaffected by exploitation. The most strongly changing signal is the MAE signal, yet the change is not very easy to quantify as it concerns signal envelopes shape not overall intensity. The paper describes various possible signal parameters that can be used. The best one seems to be the ratio of the total pulse count for a quarter of magnetisation (demagnetisation) to the one for the magnetisation half-period. The important issue is in that case a proper choice of the threshold level in order to obtain good sensitivity to creep damage level and reasonably low stochastic pulse count scatter. 1. Introduction
ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT OF INNOVATIVE FLOATING TURBINE
- Andrzej Tomporowski
- Ali Al - Zubiedy
- Józef Flizikowski
- Weronika Kruszelnicka
- Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos
- Jacek Rudnicki
2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research
The design of a floating, innovative device for river water aeration and conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy required the analysis of a number of geometrical and dynamic features. Such an analysis may be carried out on the basis of existing methods of numerical fluid mechanics. Models of pressures, forces and torques characteristic for the conversion of watercourse energy were developed for two basic concepts of innovation. These pressures, forces and torques were calculated, designed, and experimentally determined for the variable geometric form and dimensions of the designed working elements of the innovative roller-blade turbine rotor.
Analysis of the regenerative braking process for the urban traffic conditions
- Jacek Kropiwnicki
- Mariusz Furmanek
2019 Full text Combustion Engines
In a regular drive system, with an internal combustion engine, vehicle braking is connected with the unproductive dissipation of kinetic and potential energy accumulated in the mass of the vehicle into the environment. This energy can constitute up to 70% of the energy used to drive a vehicle under urban conditions. Its recovery and reuse is one of the basic advantages of hybrid and electric vehicles. Modern traffic management systems as well as navigation systems should take into account the possibility of the energy recovery in the process of regenerative braking. For this purpose, a model of a regenerative braking process may be helpful, which on the one hand will enable to provide information on how traffic conditions will affect the amount of energy dissipated (wasted) into the atmosphere, on the other hand will help to optimize the route of vehicles with regenerative braking systems. This work contains an analysis of the process of the regenerative braking for the urban traffic conditions registered in Gdańsk. A model was also presented that allows calculating the amount of energy available from the braking process depending on the proposed variables characterizing the vehicle traffic conditions.
ANALYSIS OF WIND CONDITIONS AROUND A BUILDING DEVELOPMENT AS A PART OF ITS FORM DESIGNING PROCESS, A CASE STUDY
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
2019 Full text Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
Aerodynamic phenomena that occurs around building developments exert a significant impact on the quality of climate in cities. Environmental wind engineering is a dynamically developing field of knowledge that offers a chance to study and, in consequence, regulates the air flow around buildings and complexes of building developments. The following paper discusses the issue of wind conditions that may be experienced on pedestrian level. Such conditions should allow for a proper ventilationofcityspaces,atthesametimeeliminatinguncomfortable,suddenaccelerationsinthewindspeedandwindturbulence. Thepresentpaperdiscusseswhetheritispossibletoincludetheabovementionedissuesintheprocessofurbanandarchitectural design of medium-high urban building development units on the example of a particular project. The paper is aimed to test the validity of the use of aerodynamic tests and the possibilities of their introduction in the conceptual phase ofarchitectonicdesign.DesignmethodsbasedontherealitiesofcommonpracticesandlegalconditionsinPolandhavebeen juxtaposed to research methods in the field of aerodynamics. Experimental studies in wind tunnel, using oil visualization method have been applied, as such a method allows to promptly arrive at a qualitative identification of the airflow around the building on pedestrian level.
Analytical applications and physicochemical properties of ionic liquid-based hybrid materials: A review
- Kateryna Yavir
- Łukasz Marcinkowski
- Renata Marcinkowska
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Adam Kloskowski
2019 ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Ionic liquids with their unique properties found so far numerous analytical applications. Among them ionic liquids immobilized on the surface or within the pores of a solid support were successfully utilized in extraction techniques dedicated to preconcentration of the analytes from food, environmental and biological samples. In this review we focus on comprehensive summarizing of available literature data on the examples of ionic liquid-based hybrid materials implementation in selected analytical extraction techniques, namely solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, hollow-fiber solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction and biosensors. Additionally, this work is supported by concise discussion on strategies of ionic liquids immobilization in order to form hybrid materials (both chemical and physical) and the effects of confinement on structures along with ionic liquids physicochemical properties. This work allows for identifying the opportunities, challenges and shortcomings of this powerful and convenient, yet still not fully discovered analytical approach.
Analytical chemistry with biosolvents
- Marek Tobiszewski
2019 Full text ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
One of the current trends in green analytical chemistry is the introduction of green solvents, some of which are biobased. At the same time, the development of the biorefinery concept has allowed more biochemicals to be obtained with increased efficiency and from a wider range of feedstocks. The first examples of the use of biosolvents in analytical applications included extractions performed with alcohols, esters, and terpenes. However, many more applications of biosolvents in extractions of bioactive compounds from various plant materials have also been reported, which hints at a wider range of potential analytical applications of biosolvents. It should also be noted that the biobased solvents applied in analytical chemistry are not always green, as some of them are toxic towards aquatic organisms.
Analytical design method for widening the intertrack space
- Władysław Koc
2019 Full text Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology (British Journal of Applied Science & Technology)
The paper involved the issue of arching of the railway turnouts. This is an issue which is given relatively less attention to scientific and research activities. Reference has been made to the book by Wladyslaw Rzepka, under the title „Curved turnouts in plan and profile”, which has been used in Poland for more than 50 years as the main source of information relating to the turnouts on the curve. The book is a compilation of elaborations describing the contemporary state of knowledge being to a large extent a display of German achievements of the forties and fifties of the twentieth century. It has been pointed out that the theory accumulated in the book was adapted to the contemporary calculation needs. The major drawback in the given solutions seems to be ambiquity in the adopted reference system. In the present study an analytical approach is made to the subject matter, and the adopted system of coordinates is connected to the initial position of the turnout being arched. Three possible turnout arching variants have been analyzed to determine some universal mathematical relations. They describe the coordinates of the main track end and the diverging one, the value of the circular arc radius of the diverging track and equations of both the tracks. The analytical record also proves useful for authentic applications. It should be noted that it may be particularly beneficial to use the analytical method to design connections of parallel tracks located in a circular arc (using curved turnouts).