2020 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2020

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Determination of the theoretical and actual working volume of a hydraulic motor
- Paweł Śliwiński
2020 Full text ENERGIES
A new methodology of determination of the theoretical and actual working volume of a hydraulic motor based on the characteristics of the delivered flow rate into hydraulic motor vs. the rotational speed at a constant pressure drop in the working chambers is described in this paper. A new method of describing the delivered flow rate into a motor per one shaft revolution as a nonlinear function of the pressure drop in the motor working chamber is proposed. The influence of the flowmeter location in the measurement system on the result of the theoretical and actual working volume calculation is described. It is shown that, in order to assess the energy losses (volumetric and mechanical) in the motor, the actual working volume must be a polynomial function (third degree) of its pressure drop in the working chambers. The result of the experimental tests of the satellite hydraulic motor confirmed the validity of the proposed method. The result of the calculation of the theoretical working volume of the motor according to the proposed method was compared with the results of calculations according to known methods.
Determination of the tram track axis using a multi receiver GNSS measurement system
- Andrzej Wilk
- Cezary Specht
- Władysław Koc
- Krzysztof Karwowski
- Jacek Skibicki
- Jacek Szmagliński
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Mariusz Specht
- Marek Zienkiewicz
- Sławomir Judek
- Piotr Chrostowski
- Marcin Skóra
- Sławomir Grulkowski
2020 Full text Przegląd Komunikacyjny
This article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments aimed at developing an effective measurement method. Using the acquired experience in this period, another measurement campaign was carried out on the tram tracks in Gdansk. The main goal of these measurements was to check how the new assumptions regarding the method of mounting the antennas as well as their placement on the measuring platform will work in various field conditions. For this purpose, ten sets of GNSS receivers offered by two independent manufacturers – currently market leaders – were used. The choice of testing track section made it possible to analyze the repeatability of results obtained from multiple measurements in conditions of varying GNSS signal availability. The article presents in a synthetic way the course of this research and the obtained results.
DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS IN RELATIVE MONITORING NETWORKS
- Daria Filipiak-Kowszyk
- Waldemar Kamiński
2020 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering
The problem of determining displacements of objects is an important and current issue, in particular in terms of operational safety. This is a requirement that covers geodetic, periodic control measurements in order to determine horizontal and vertical displacements. The paper is focused on the analysis of vertical displacements. Geodetic measurements and their interpretation allow to reduce the risk of possible structural catastrophes. The major research topic of the majority of available papers is displacement determination of individual controlled points, in a situation where there are identified as fixed reference points. There are cases making identification of such points difficult or impossible to use in displacement analysis. This paper addresses a rare case of determining vertical displacements in unstable reference systems. Due to the fact that most of the existing and known literature methods do not always bring satisfactory results, the paper propose a new method of vertical displacement determination in the absence of reference points in the local coordinate system. Practical considerations on simulated data show that the presented method performs the task correctly.
Developing students' spatial skills and teaching the history of architecture through structural drawing
- Maria Sołtysik
2020 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education
The method of “structural drawing" is used in teaching history of architecture in the Architectural Faculty of Gdańsk University of Technology. It is addressed to students of the first semester of study – so to the architectural beginners. There are three main goals of the structural drawing method used in that educational course: (1) developing the students’ spatial skills; (2) training architectural drawing ability; (3) teaching the history of architecture. The method of structural drawing is based on creating the axonometric and the orthogonal views of the historic architectural objects, important to the outline of architecture. Every exercise lasts 1,5 hour, during which every student is creating a hand-drawing spatial study of one given object. The process of drawing is performed in a “structural” way, which means that all phases of its construction are visible and the very object is presented spatially as if it was transparent. Those are the main rules of “structural drawing”. The first part of the exercise – mostly the axonometric projection - is commented and guided by the teacher. During it the students are doing the drawings simultaneously to the drawing performed by the teacher on the table. The second part of the exercise is done by every student on his own, without the teacher’s guidance. It concerns the structural drawing of a chosen orthogonal view of the object or a chosen architectural detail.
Development and validation of a GC–MS/MS method for the determination of 11 amphetamines and 34 synthetic cathinones in whole blood
- Mateusz Woźniak
- Laura Banaszkiewicz
- Marek Wiergowski
- Ewa Tomczak
- Marzena Kata
- Beata Szpiech
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Marek Biziuk
2020 Full text Forensic Toxicology
Purpose Psychoactive compounds that contain a phenylethylamine structure (such as amphetamine-type stimulants and synthetic cathinones) are one of the major classes of stimulants on the recreational drug market. Approximately 670 new psychoactive substances (NPS) are monitored only in Europe; however, new psychoactive compounds are being developed for illicit trade each year. In this context, the development of new analytical procedures for the determination of such compounds in biological specimens for forensic toxicology is of great importance. Methods Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) technique was applied for analysis of amphetamines and synthetic cathinones. The volumes of 200 µL of each whole blood sample and 1 mL of liquid-liquid extraction solvent were used for extraction, followed by pentafuoropropionyl derivatization. Results A high-throughput, robust, rapid, and sensitive procedure involving a simple liquid-liquid extraction for the simultaneous determination of 45 amphetamine-type stimulants and synthetic cathinones in whole blood was developed. The assay was validated based on its recovery (83.2–106%), interday accuracy (89.0–108%), and interday precision (≤8.1%). In view of the low limits of detection (ranged between 0.02 and 0.72 ng/mL) and limits of quantifcation (1 and 2.5 ng/mL), the developed method can serve as a less expensive and more ecologically friendly alternative to the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric methods. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst work presenting a GC–MS/MS method for the determination of NPS in blood samples. The presented procedure was applied to authentic samples from forensic cases, demonstrating its utility in the quantifcation of a wide number of psychoactive substances in routine toxicological analyses. The developed procedure can also be easily expanded to additional compounds.
Development of a Peptide Derived from Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF-BB) into a Potential Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Wounds
- Milena Deptuła
- Przemysław Karpowicz
- Anna Wardowska
- Piotr Sass
- Paweł Sosnowski
- Alina Mieczkowska
- Natalia Filipowicz
- Maria Dzierżyńska
- Justyna Sawicka
- Ewa Nowicka
- Paulina Langa
- Adriana Schumacher
- Mirosława Cichorek
- Jacek Zieliński
- Karolina Kondej
- Franciszek Kasprzykowski
- Artur Czupryn
- Łukasz Janus
- Piotr Mucha
- Piotr Skowron
- Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Paweł Sachadyn
- Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Michał Pikuła
2020 Advances in Wound Care
Objective: This study evaluated the use of novel peptides derived from platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) as potential wound healing stimulants. One of the compounds (named PDGF2) was subjected for further research after cytotoxicity and proliferation assays on human skin cells. Further investigation included evaluation of: migration and chemotaxis of skin cells, immunological and allergic safety, the transcriptional analyses of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and dermal fibroblasts stimulated with PDGF2, and the use of dorsal skin wound injury model to evaluate the effect of wound healing in mice. Approach: Colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase and tetrazolium assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the effect on proliferation. PDGF2 effect on migration and chemotaxis was also checked. Immunological safety and allergic potential were evaluated with a lymphocyte activation and basophil activation test. Transcriptional profiles of ASCs and primary fibroblasts were assessed after stimulation with PDGF2. Eight-week-old BALB/c female mice were used for dorsal skin wound injury model. Results: PDGF2 showed low cytotoxicity, pro-proliferative effects on human skin cells, high immunological safety, and accelerated wound healing in mouse model. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of ASCs and fibroblasts revealed the activation of processes involved in wound healing and indicated its safety. Innovation: A novel peptide derived from PDGF-BB was proved to be safe drug candidate in wound healing. We also present a multifaceted in vitro model for the initial screening of new compounds that may be potentially useful in wound healing stimulation. Conclusion: The results show that peptide derived from PDGF-BB is a promising drug candidate for wound treatment.
Development of cooperation in localized cooperation networks: A comparative study of cluster organizations and technology parks
- Anna Lis
2020 Full text
The main aim of the paper is to analyze the level of development of cooperative relationships in localized cooperation networks – among enterprises associated in cluster organizations and park tenants. The author reports the findings from the quantitative study carried out in the selected cluster organizations and technology parks functioning in Poland. The basic method of data collection was a survey questionnaire. The research sample included 132 respondents from cluster enterprises and 137 from park tenants. In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted. The research is based on the original concept of the trajectory of development of cooperative relationships in cluster organizations. The current study focused on three main areas of inter-organizational cooperation: motivation, effectiveness, and commitment. The effectiveness of the surveyed enterprises in both groups should be assessed as quite low, while their attitude as passive. The study shows that the most common forms of cooperation are those assigned to the lowest level of cooperation – the surveyed enterprises achieved level I, regardless of their initial motivation. At this level, the surveyed enterprises also showed the greatest commitment. In contrast, it was the most difficult for them to achieve the highest level IV, which requires the highest level of commitment. The knowledge of the identified relationships among motivation, effectiveness, and commitment in cluster and park structures can help these organizations to take conscious actions aimed at developing cooperation among their members/tenants. The findings add to the state-of-the-art knowledge in the concept of industrial clusters, as they shed new light on cooperation developed within formally established organizations, based on geographical proximity, focused on the networking of their constituent companies.
Development of proximity in cluster organizations
- Anna Lis
2020 Full text Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues
Sustainable development in cluster organizations (COs) is most fully manifested in the synergy effect. In turn, the synergy effect is achieved thanks to the development of proximity among cluster entities. The purpose of the paper is to test two conceptual models reflecting relations between selected dimensions of proximity in cluster organizations. The author reports the findings of a quantitative study conducted in four COs. The basic technique for collecting data was an online questionnaire. Both theoretical models were tested using Structural Equation Modelling.The research goes beyond the state-of-the-art knowledge in the concept of industrial cluster by exposing a broader view on cluster cooperation, which is developed on the basis of geographical proximity, and simultaneously contributes to the development of proximity in other dimensions: social, competence and organizational.
Development of the New Polish Method for Capacity Analysis of Motorways and Expressways
- Piotr Olszewski
- Tomasz Dybicz
- Wojciech Kustra
- Aleksandra Romanowska
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Ostrowski Krzysztof
2020 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering
The paper presents development of the new Polish method for performing capacity analysis of basic segments of dual carriageway roads (motorways and expressways). The method is based on field traffic surveys conducted at 30 motorway and expressway sites (class A and S roads) in Poland. Traffic flows, composition and travel times were observed in 15-min intervals at each site using ANPR filming method. These data were used to calibrate a family of traffic speed-flow relationships for different roads, based on Van Aerde model. Free flow speed of traffic and road class are the basic parameters defining the speed-flow relationship and the value of capacity per lane in pcu/h. Traffic density was adopted as the measure of effectiveness for defining the level of service. The paper describes derivation of formulae for estimation of free flow speed for different types of roads as well as determination of equivalent factors for converting vehicles to passenger car units. The method allows us to determine capacity and the level of service based on existing or forecasted traffic flow.
Dia- and paramagnetic contributions to magnetizabilities of relativistic hydrogenlike atoms in some low-lying discrete energy eigenstates
- Patrycja Stefańska
2020 Full text ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
In this paper we present tabulated data for relative diamagnetic and paramagentic contributions to the magnetizability ($\chi$) of the relativistic hydrogenlike atoms with a pointlike, motionless and spinless nucleus of charge $Ze$. Utilizing general analytical formulas for the diamagnetic ($\chi_{d}$) and paramagnetic ($\chi_{p}$) components of $\chi$, recently derived by us [P. Stefa{\'n}ska, 2020] with the aid of the Gordon decomposition technique, valid for an arbitrary discrete energy state, we have computed the numerical values of $\chi_{d}/\chi$ and $\chi_{p}/\chi$ for the ground state and for the first and second set of excited states (i.e.: $2s_{1/2}$, $2p_{1/2}$, $2p_{3/2}$, $3s_{1/2}$, $3p_{1/2}$, $3p_{3/2}$, $3d_{3/2}$, and $3d_{5/2}$) of the hydrogen atom ($Z=1$) and for hydrogenic ions with $2 \leqslant Z \leqslant 137$. We compare also the numerical values of the total magnetizabilities for the ground state $1s_{1/2}$ and for each state belonging to the first set of excited states of selected hydrogenlike atoms, obtained with the use of two different values of the fine-structure constant, i.e.: $\alpha^{-1}=137.035 \: 999 \: 139$ (from CODATA 2014) and $\alpha^{-1}=137.035 \: 999 \: 084$ (from CODATA 2018).
Diagnostic Models and Estimators for LDI in Transmission Pipelines
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
- Marek Tatara
2020 Full text
This article considers and compares four analytical models of the pipeline flow process for leak detection and location tasks. The synthesis of these models is briefly outlined. Next, the methodology for generating data and diagnosing pipes is described, as well as experimental settings, assumptions and implemented scenarios. Finally, the quality of model-based diagnostic estimators has been evaluated for their bias, standard deviations and computational complexity. The global level of optimality served as a general indicator of the quality and performance of multidimensional estimators.
Diamine derivatives of dimerized fatty acids and bio-based polyether polyol as sustainable platforms for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes
- Kamila Błażek
- Paulina Kasprzyk
- Janusz Datta
2020 Full text POLYMER
A series of environmentally friendly non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) were successfully prepared via the polyaddition reaction of bio-based polyether polyol-based cyclic carbonate with diamine derivative of dimerized fatty acids. The syntheses of NIPUs were realized by the three-step method in the absence of toxic solvents and, importantly, the process of carbonation did not require the use of elevated pressure. The effect of using various types of bio-based amines, [amine]/[cyclic carbonate] molar ratio as well as different reaction temperatures on the chemical structure and thermal properties were widely investigated by Fourier transform infrared spec-troscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The Gaussian deconvolution technique was used to decompose the carbonyl region (-C––O) of three peaks in various samples. It was found that the molar ratio of substrates and curing temperature have an effect on the distribution of free and H-bonded carbonyl groups as well as carbonyl groups from cyclic carbonates in the chemical structure of the prepared compounds. On this basis, the role of hydrogen bonds in the chemical structure of NIPU on selected sample properties was determined. Moreover, the impact of water during 6 months of immersion on the polymer networks was examined.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Z‐Alkenyl Disulfides from α‐Thiophosphorylated Ketones and Thiosulfonates
- Mateusz Musiejuk
- Justyna Doroszuk
- Bartosz Jędrzejewski
- Gregory Ortiz Nieto
- Marisol Marin Navarro
- Dariusz Witt
2020 ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS
We developed a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields. The designed method is based on the reaction of α‐thiophosphorylated carbonyl compounds with thiotosylates in the presence of a base. The developed method allows the preparation of unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides bearing additional hydroxy, carboxy, or ester functionalities
Diatoms Biomass as a Joint Source of Biosilica and Carbon for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
- Andrzej Nowak
- Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Izabela Wojtczak
- Konrad Trzciński
- Joanna Wysocka
- Mariusz Szkoda
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
2020 Full text Materials
The biomass of one type cultivated diatoms (Pseudostaurosira trainorii), being a source of 3D-stuctured biosilica and organic matter—the source of carbon, was thermally processed to become an electroactive material in a potential range adequate to become an anode in lithium ion batteries. Carbonized material was characterized by means of selected solid-state physics techniques (XRD, Raman, TGA). It was shown that the pyrolysis temperature (600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C) affected structural and electrochemical properties of the electrode material. Biomass carbonized at 600 °C exhibited the best electrochemical properties reaching a specific discharge capacity of 460 mAh g−1 for the 70th cycle. Such a value indicates the possibility of usage of biosilica as an electrode material in energy storage applications
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Systems with HV Generators and Discharge Chambers for Surface Treatment and Decontamination of Organic Products
- Jan Mucko
- Robert Dobosz
- Ryszard Strzelecki
2020 Full text ENERGIES
The article presents applications of systems with power electronic converters, high voltage transformers, and discharge chambers used for nonthermal, dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of a plastic surface and decontamination of organic loose products. In these installations, the inductance of the high voltage transformers and the capacitances of the electrode sets form resonant circuits that are excited by inverters. The article presents characteristic features of the installations and basic mathematical relationships as well as the impact of individual parameters of system components. These converters with their output installations were designed, built, and tested by the authors. Some of the converters developed by the authors are manufactured and used in the industry.
Differential analysis of dynamic immittance spectra
- Kazimierz Darowicki
- Artur Zieliński
2020 Full text ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
This work presents a new approach to the analysis of immittance spectrograms of systems characterised by non-stationarity. The possibility of linking the evolution of the immittance response with changes in the parameters describing the system is achieved by introducing a spectrum in differential form. By using the above procedure, it becomes possible to separate elements with a dependence (or lack thereof) from an independent variable appearing in the dynamic electrochemical impedance method. The work illustrates the usefulness of this approach for the elementary components used to model the behaviour of electrochemical systems.
Digital Filtering of Railway Track Coordinates in Mobile Multi–Receiver GNSS Measurements
- Andrzej Wilk
- Władysław Koc
- Cezary Specht
- Sławomir Judek
- Krzysztof Karwowski
- Piotr Chrostowski
- Krzysztof Czaplewski
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Sławomir Grulkowski
- Roksana Licow
- Jacek Skibicki
- Mariusz Specht
- Jacek Szmagliński
2020 Full text SENSORS
The article discusses an important issue in connection with the technique of mobile Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements of railway track coordinates, which is digital filtering performed to precisely determine railway track axes. For this purpose, a measuring technique is proposed which bases on the use of a measuring platform with a number of appropriately distributed GNSS receivers, where two of them determine the directional base vector of the platform. The receivers used in the research had high measuring frequency in the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) operating mode and enabled correction of the obtained results in post–processing. A key problem discussed in the article is the method for assessing the quality of the measurement results obtained from GNSS receivers, and their preparation for further processing making use of geometrically constrained parameters of the base vector and specialized digital filtering, among other elements, to precisely determining the track axis. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the used method of GNSS signal processing.
Direct modulation for conventional matrix converters using analytical signals and barycentric coordinates
- Paweł Szczepankowski
- Tomasz Bajdecki
- Ryszard Strzelecki
2020 Full text IEEE Access
This paper proposes the generalized direct modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) using the concept of analytical signals and barycentric coordinates. The paper proposes a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing, which allows faster prototyping of direct control algorithms. The explanation of the new idea using analytical considerations demonstrating the principles of direct voltage synthesis has been presented in the article. The study concerns mainly the CMC3x3 but solutions for 3xn, 5x5, and 5x3 topologies have also been discussed. The transformation of instantaneous input voltages to analytic signals great permits for simple presenting of real input voltage conditions such as waveform type, asymmetry or other deformation like higher-order harmonics. The proposed interpolation methods allow for determining the values of PWM duty cycles using simple formulas based on the determinants of the 2nd-degree matrices. Therefore, the proposed method, which based on the barycentric coordinates, frees an algorithm from trigonometry and angles.
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Methods in Interferometric Echo Sounding
- Piotr Grall
- Iwona Kochańska
- Jacek Marszal
2020 Full text SENSORS
Nowadays, there are two leading sea sounding technologies: the multibeam echo sounder and the multiphase echo sounder (also known as phase-dierence side scan sonar or bathymetric side scan sonar). Both solutions have their advantages and disadvantages, and they can be perceived as complementary to each other. The article reviews the development of interferometric echo sounding array configurations and the various methods applied to determine the direction-of-arrival. “Interferometric echo sounder” is a broad term, applied to various devices that primarily utilize phase dierence measurements to estimate the direction-of-arrival. The article focuses on modifications to the interferometric sonar array that have led to the state-of-the-art multiphase echo sounder. The main algorithms for classical and modern interferometric echo sounder direction-of-arrival estimation are also outlined. The accuracy of direction-of-arrival estimation methods is dependent on the configuration of the array and external and internal noise sources. The main sources of errors, which influence the accuracy of the phase dierence measurements, are also briefly characterized. The article ends with a review of the current research into improvements in the accuracy of interferometric echo sounding and the application of the principle of interferometric in other devices.
Disaster-Resilient Routing Schemes for Regional Failures
- Teresa Gomes
- Dorabella Santos
- Rita Girão-Silva
- Lúcia Martins
- Boro Nedic
- Matthias Gunkel
- Balázs Vass
- János Tapolcai
- Jacek Rak
2020
Large-scale natural disasters can have a profound effect on the telecommunication services in the affected geographical area. Hence, it is important to develop routing approaches that may help in circumventing damaged regional areas of a network. This prompted the development of geographically diverse routing schemes and also of disaster-risk aware routing schemes. A minimum-cost geodiverse routing, where a minimum geographical distance value D is imposed between any intermediate element of one path and any element of the other path, is presented. Next, the problem of the calculation of a D-geodiverse routing solution which ensures a certain level of availability is tackled. An algorithm is described that either obtains a solution to that problem or the most available path pair satisfying the desired geographical distance value D—this can be useful for the specification of availability levels in Service Level Agreements. Finally, a case study is presented, in an optical network, to determine the cost increase in terminal equipment (transponders) of approaches to ensure a much larger separation of the paths (of the selected path pair), with respect to minimal length link-disjoint routing.