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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2021

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  • Intraday price reaction to filing bankruptcy and restructuring proceedings – the evidence from Poland
    • Błażej Prusak
    • Marcin Potrykus
    2021 Full text

    This chapter presents the results of research on the price reaction of shares listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange to filing bankruptcy and/or restructuring applications. Event study was adopted as the research method, and it was performed at 10, 5, and 1-minute intervals. It was found that the reaction is rapid, as it takes 1–2 minutes after the information on bankruptcy and restructuring applications was made public. Significantly higher negative above-average rates of return were obtained when information on bankruptcy applications was made public. Moreover, the stock price response was more sudden when the information was made publicly outside the trading session. In general, this confirms that the functioning of the Electronic System for Information Transmission (ESPI) in Poland reduces the asymmetry of information between investors and contributes to an increase of market efficiency. However, the conducted research also showed that there is a time gap of 7 minutes on average on the market between the submission of information about the application and the reaction of investors to such information. It may be used by investors who, using automated trading systems, will take a short position on the relevant assets in advance of traditional investors.

  • Introduction to the special issue on machine learning in acoustics
    • Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou
    • Peter Gerstoft
    • Bożena Kostek
    • Marie A. Roch
    2021 Full text Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

    When we started our Call for Papers for a Special Issue on “Machine Learning in Acoustics” in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, our ambition was to invite papers in which machine learning was applied to all acoustics areas. They were listed, but not limited to, as follows: • Music and synthesis analysis • Music sentiment analysis • Music perception • Intelligent music recognition • Musical source separation • Singing analysis and voice quality evaluation • Expressivity in music • Bioacoustics • Soundscapes • Hearing and hearing aids • Speech, language, and emotion recognition • Speech recognition • Emotion in speech • Speech perception • Expressivity in speech • Intelligent speech processing • Multimedia speech processing • Classification from active acoustics • Acoustic source localisation • Acoustic field prediction in ocean acoustics • Acoustical oceanography

  • Introductory Chapter: Evolution of Sample Preparation
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    2021

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  • Inverse determination of sliding surface temperature based on measurements by thermocouples with account of their thermal inertia
    • Oleksii Nosko
    • Yurii Tsybrii
    2021 Full text TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

    This study developed an inverse heat conduction algorithm to determine temperature at a sliding surface taking account of thermocouple thermal inertia. The direct heat conduction problem was solved analytically based on the Laplace integral transform approach. The inverse algorithm was applied to the problem of friction of a brake material against a steel. The experiments were conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer for three short-time sliding regimes: velocity step, acceleration and deceleration. Temperature in the pin sample was measured by two identical miniature thermocouples installed at different distances from the friction surface. It was found that the two inverse surface temperatures agree well between each other. The inverse algorithm allows predicting the contact temperature measured by infrared thermography with accuracy 5–7%.

  • Inverse Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem Framework for the Synthesis of Coupled-Resonator Filters With Nonresonant Nodes and Arbitrary Frequency-Variant Reactive Couplings
    • Martyna Mul
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2021 Full text IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    A novel, general circuit-level description of coupledresonator microwave filters is introduced in this article. Unlike well-established coupling-matrix models based on frequency-invariant couplings or linear frequency-variant couplings (LFVCs), a model with arbitrary reactive frequencyvariant coupling (AFVC) networks is proposed. The engineered formulation is more general than prior-art ones—with the only restriction that the coupling network is a reactive-type twoport circuit—and can be treated as an extension of previous synthesis models since constant or linear couplings are special cases of arbitrary frequency dependence. The suggested model is fully general, which allows for AFVCs with highly nonlinear (even singular) characteristics, loaded or unloaded nonresonating nodes (NRNs), frequency-dependent source–load coupling, multiple frequency-variant cross couplings, and/or multiple dispersive couplings for connecting the source and load to the filter network. The model is accompanied by a powerful synthesis technique that is based on the zeros and poles of the admittance or scattering parameters and the eigenvalues of properly defined eigenproblems. In the most general case, the zeros and poles of the admittance or scattering parameters are related to solutions of nonlinear eigenvalue problems. The synthesis is defined as an inverse nonlinear eigenvalue problem (INEVP) where the matrix is constructed from three sets of eigenvalues. This is accomplished by optimization using an iterative nonlinear least-squares solver with excellent convergence property. Finally, the third- and fifth-order examples of bandpass filter topologies involving AFVCs are shown, and the experimental validation of the proposed theory is presented through the manufacturing and characterization of a microstrip filter prototype with transmission zeros (TZs).

  • Investigating lubricants behaviour in microgravity for vibration damping purposes
    • Szymon Krawczuk
    • Adam Dąbrowski
    2021 Full text

    Vibration is one of the harshest environments an object is exposed to during and after launch into space on a launch vehicle. Such vibrations should be damped to avoid destruction of the spacecraft or its elements. Currently, active and material damping is used. A possibility of using lubrication as the damping factor is suggested by some research. MoS2 is a typical solid lubricant used in space applications. Its properties vary heavily with environmental conditions and have been tested on ground. Recent research proves that dynamic characteristics of other lubricants are significantly affected by microgravity regime. This paper sums up current knowledge and proposes a research for the characterisation of mechanical damping properties of MoS2 in microgravity. For that reason a drop tower and zero-g flight experiments are designed with a cantilever beam (a tuned vibration amplifier-filter). The cases of dry and wet (lubricated) vibrations will be tested. The beam will be triggered by an electromagnet and a set of sensors: accelerometers, strain gauges and capacitive displacement sensors will measure its vibrations. Computer analysis of the results will allow us to determine the damping coefficient of the lubricant in microgravity conditions. Knowledge of this parameter will determine if damping properties of the MoS2 lubrication (useful for tribological reasons) could be applied for damping of vibrations in spacecraft. This could possibly decrease the need for active vibration control and lower costs of future space missions.

  • Investigating the effects of structural pounding on the seismic performance of adjacent RC and steel MRFs
    • F. Kazemi
    • Mahmoud Miari
    • Robert Jankowski
    2021 Full text Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering

    An insufficient separation distance between adjacent buildings is the main reason for structural pounding during severe earthquakes. The lateral load resistance system, fundamental natural period, mass, and stiffness are important factors having the influence on collisions between two adjacent structures. In this study, 3-, 5- and 9-story adjacent reinforced concrete and steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were considered to investigate the collision effects and to determine modification factors for new and already existing buildings. For this purpose, incremental dynamic analysis was used to assess the seismic limit state capacity of the structures using a developed algorithm in OpenSees software including two near-field record subsets suggested by FEMA-P695. The results of this paper can help engineers to approximately estimate the performance levels of MRFs due to pounding phenomenon. The results confirm that collisions can lead to the changes in performance levels, which are difficult to be considered during the design process. In addition, the results of the analyses illustrate that providing a fluid viscous damper between adjacent reinforced concrete and steel structures can be effective to eliminate the sudden changes in the lateral force during collision. This approach can be successfully used for retrofitting adjacent structures with insufficient in-between separation distances.

  • Investigation into the Effect of Spinel Pigments on the Photostability and Combustion Properties of Ethylene-Norbornene Copolymer
    • Małgorzata Kuśmierek
    • Bolesław Szadkowski
    • Przemysław Rybiński
    • Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
    • Mirosława Prochoń
    • Bartłomiej Syrek
    • Anna Marzec
    2021 Full text Materials

    Multicolor ethylene-norbornene (EN) composites filled with three different spinel pigments (Cobalt Green-PG50, Zinc Iron Yellow-PY 119, Praseodym Yellow-PY159) were prepared by melt mixing and characterized in terms of their stability under destructive environmental conditions. The EN films were subjected to accelerated aging by ultraviolet (UV) photooxidation for 300 h, 600 h, or 900 h. The mechanical performance of the EN composites was investigated in static and dynamic mechanical tests. The morphologies of the EN samples and their color changes during the aging process were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectrophotometric measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to determine the amount of carbonyl groups resulting from surface oxidation at different aging times. The effects of the spinel pigments on the thermal stability and combustion properties of the multicolor polymer composites were also assessed, and compared with a sample containing the organic Pigment Yellow 139 (PY139). The results show that the color changes (DE) in the spinel pigments were minor in comparison to those in the organic pigment (PY139) and the reference film. The Zinc Yellow (PY119) pigment was the most effective stabilizer of EN copolymer. Moreover, the spinel pigments had a positive effect on the flame retardancy of the EN composites. Microcombustion tests (MCC) showed that the incorporation of both the spinels and the organic pigment PY139 into the EN matrix reduced the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) parameters.

  • Investigation of Acoustic Properties of Poroelastic Asphalt Mixtures in Laboratory and Field Conditions
    • Władysław Gardziejczyk
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Jerzy Ejsmont
    • Marek Motylewicz
    • Marcin Stienss
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    • Paweł Gierasimiuk
    • Maciej Zawadzki
    2021 Full text Materials

    Measures for the improvement of acoustic conditions in the vicinity of roads include the construction of pavement structures with low-noise surfaces with optimal macrotexture and the highest possible sound absorption coefficient. Laboratory evaluation of acoustic properties of a designed asphalt mixture before its placement in the pavement is a good solution. Currently, the most popular method for the determination of the sound absorption coefficient of various construction materials under laboratory conditions is the Kundt’s tube test. Sound absorption coefficient can also be assessed based on field and laboratory measurements performed using a Spectronics ACUPAVE System. Other parameters characterising the acoustic properties of road pavement courses include air void content and water drainability or permeability. The article presents an analysis of results of sound absorption coefficient obtained using a Spectronics ACUPAVE System and water drainability and permeability of poroelastic mixtures obtained both in laboratory and on test sections, in relation to air void content and grading of the mixtures. It was established that poroelastic mixtures containing an aggregate of maximum particle size of 5 mm are characterised by better acoustic properties than mixtures with a maximum aggregate particle size of 8 mm. Changes of crumb rubber aggregate grading and bitumen type (within the tested range of values) as well as the addition of lime have shown no evident influence on the sound absorption coefficient. Noise level values at the speed of 30 km/h according to the CPX method were measured as well. Relationships between sound absorption coefficient, water drainability/permeability, and air void content were determined. The performed analyses confirmed that Spectronics ACUPAVE System may be applied for evaluation of acoustic properties of asphalt mixtures in laboratory conditions, but further research is needed to reduce the uncertainty of the results.

  • Investigation of energy deposition and its optical imaging in polymer gel dosimeters
    • Jakub Czubek
    • Marta Marszewska
    • Brygida Mielewska
    • Marek Maryański
    2021

    This following chapter describes methods for verifying the absorbed dose during radiotherapy. Special attention is paid to the method using polymer-gel dosimeters, the dose reading of which is performed by means of Laser Computed Tomography. The chapter also includes considerations on alternative solutions for dosimetric measurements and various types of radiotherapy and their pros and cons. In addition, both the methods of structural research of these gel dosimeters as well as the principle of operation and parameters of Laser Computed Tomography are considered.

  • Investigation of magnetic order in a new intermetallic compound Nd2PtGe3
    • Leszek Litzbarski
    • Michał Winiarski
    • P. Skokowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Bartłomiej Andrzejewski
    2021 Full text JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS

    In the present study we report a successful synthesis of the new intermetallic compound Nd2PtGe3 by an arc-melting method. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that this compound crystallizes in an disordered variant of the AlB2-type structure (space group P6/mmm, no. 191) with lattice parameters a = 4.2455 Å and c = 4. 1933 Å. The compound exhibits a cluster-glass transition below Tf = 2.9 K, characterized through ac and dc magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements.

  • Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded Specimens of AA6061-T6 Alloy with Friction Stir Welding and Parallel Friction Stir Welding Methods
    • Amir Ghiasvand
    • Mohammad M. Yavari
    • Jacek Tomków
    • John W. Grimaldo Guerrero
    • Hasan Kheradmandan
    • Aleksei Dorofeev
    • Shabbir Memon
    • Hesamoddin Aghajani Derazkola
    2021 Full text Materials

    The present study investigates the effect of two parameters of process type and tool offset on tensile, microhardness, and microstructure properties of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints. Three methods of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Advancing Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (AP-FSW), and Retreating Parallel-Friction Stir Welding (RP-FSW) were used. In addition, four modes of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm of tool offset were used in two welding passes in AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes. Based on the results, it was found that the mechanical properties of welded specimens with AP-FSW and RP-FSW techniques experience significant increments compared to FSW specimens. The best mechanical and microstructural properties were observed in the samples welded by RP-FSW, AP-FSW, and FSW methods, respectively. Welded specimens with the RP-FSW technique had better mechanical properties than other specimens due to the concentration of material flow in the weld nugget and proper microstructure refinement. In both AP-FSW and RP-FSW processes, by increasing the tool offset to 1.5 mm, joint efficiency increased significantly. The highest weld strength was found for welded specimens by RP-FSW and AP-FSW processes with a 1.5 mm tool offset. The peak sample of the RP-FSW process (1.5 mm offset) had the closest mechanical properties to the base metal, in which the Yield Stress (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation percentage (E%) were 76.4%, 86.5%, and 70% of base metal, respectively. In the welding area, RP-FSW specimens had smaller average grain size and higher hardness values than AP-FSW specimens.

  • Investigation of tetrabutylammonium bromide-glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents and their mixtures with water by spectroscopic techniques
    • Renáta Chromá
    • Mária Vilková
    • Ivan Shepa
    • Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
    • Vasil Andruch
    2021 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are formed by an acceptor and a donor of hydrogen bonds. They are generally considered as a possible alternative to hazardous organic solvents in various fields. Very recently they have also appeared in analytical chemistry, used mainly for the separation of analytes before instrumental quantification. For the development of new extraction procedures, it is important, among other things, to understand the mechanism of the extraction process itself. In this study we present NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy studies of TBAB-Gly-based DESs at various HBA:HBD molar ratios for the neat DES as well as the DES mixed with various amounts of added water to better understand the mechanism of DES formation, intermolecular interactions in DES and the interaction of the DES with water, which have not yet been studied in detail. The obtained results indicate that hydrogen bonds between TBAB and Gly exist in the DESs at all molar ratios (1:2; 1:3; 1:4). A small amount of water added to the DES structure provides the establishment of an H-bond network, which does not weaken the existing H-bonds between the HBA and HBD, thus creating a stable supramolecular structure. However, further increasing of water amount provide to weakened of hydrogen bonds between TBAB and Gly.

  • Investigation of the 0.4C-35Cr-45Ni-Nb Alloy after Service in High-Temperature Steam and Hydrocarbons Environment
    • Juliusz Orlikowski
    • Michał Szociński
    • Janusz Zygmuntowicz
    • Gabriel Gajewski
    • Wojciech Filipkowski
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2021 Full text Materials

    The paper presents the results of investigation of the 0.4C-35Cr-45Ni-Nb alloy, which operated in the cracked hydrocarbon feeds and dilution steam at 1125 C. The material originated from the pyrolytic furnace coil tubes, of which internal walls were in contact with the aforementioned medium, whereas the external walls were in contact with the flue gases. The examination included metallographic and mechanical tests on the material after service exposure, the results of which were compared with the ones obtained for the as-received non-exposed specimens. The metallographic tests revealed changes in the alloy’s structure manifested by formation of significant amount of the carbides due to carburization of the alloy from the steam and cracked hydrocarbon feeds side. The central and external parts of the alloy samples (having no contact with the process medium) underwent substantial degradation but within a relatively narrow zone of the material. The investigations of hydrogen and methane content in the alloy showed a high amount of these gases, resulting from high-temperature corrosion in steam environment. The mechanical tests demonstrated clear shortening of the plastic deformation range of the alloy due to penetration of the gases and formation of the carbides inside the material’s structure. A low level of corrosion and no creep mechanism were detected.

  • Investigation of Wood Flour Size, Aspect Ratios, and Injection Molding Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/Polyethylene Composites
    • M. E. Golmakani
    • Tomasz Wiczenbach
    • Mohammad Malikan
    • Reza Aliakbari
    • Victor Eremeev
    2021 Full text Materials

    In the present research, wood flour reinforced polyethylene polymer composites with a coupling agent were prepared by injection molding. The effects of wood flour size, aspect ratios, and mold injection temperature on the composites’ mechanical properties were investigated. For the preparation of the polymer composites, five different formulations were created. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and the modulus, flexural strength and the modulus, and impact energy were measured. To investigate the changes in the properties resulting from different compositions, mechanical static and impact testing was performed. The obtained results indicate that by reducing the flour size, the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, and impact energy were reduced. In contrast, the flexural modulus increased. Furthermore, with the increment of injection molding temperature, the tensile strength and the modulus and the impact energy of the specimens were reduced. On the other hand, the flexural strength and the modulus increased. Thus, an optimized amount of injection molding temperature can provide improvements in the mechanical properties of the composite.

  • Investigation on air quality of specific indoor environments—spa salons located in Gdynia, Poland
    • Klaudia Pytel
    • Renata Marcinkowska
    • Bożena Zabiegała
    2021 Full text ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

    Due to excessive application of essential oils and scented products in spa salons during aromatherapy and massage sessions, the elevated concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particularly terpenes, which are known as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, is expected there. This study was aimed at determination of VOCs with a particular regard to terpenes in air samples collected in selected spa salons located in Northern Poland. Active air sampling was conducted before and after treatments. Samples were analyzed with the use of thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with flameionization detector (TD-GC-FID) and mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MS). Obtained results allowed to characterize chemical composition of indoor air of spa salons and also to relate the dependence between applied essential oil and indoor air chemical composition. It has been proved that (i) spa salons are characterized by TVOC concentrations exceeding recommended values of 300–400 μg m−3 in most of examined cases, reaching up to several thousand of micrograms per cubic meter, (ii) TVOC concentration is strictly related to salon characteristics and carried out treatments, (iii) terpenes constitute a significant part of TVOCs present in spa indoor air, from 22 up to 86%, (iv) most commonly investigated terpenes in the literature (D-limonene, αpinene, camphene, and linalool) were also determined at the highest concentration levels in this study and (v) VOC chemical composition is strictly dependent on the type of applied essential oils. On the basis of obtained results, it may be stated that extensive application of essential oils rich in terpenes can significantly alter indoor air chemistry of spa salons, thereby influencing health and well-being of employees working there.

  • INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL-FUEL GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
    • Serhiy Serbin
    • Badri Diasamidze
    • Viktor Gorbov
    • Jerzy Kowalski
    2021 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    T his study is dedicated to investigations of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. As the object of the research, a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial premixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirls was chosen. The method of the research is based on the numerical solution of the system of differential equations which represent the physical process of mass and energy conservation and transformations and species transport for a multi-component chemically reactive turbulent system, considering nitrogen oxides formation and a discrete ordinates model of radiation. The chemistry kinetics is presented by the 6-step mechanism of combustion. Seven fuel supply operating modes, varying from 100% gaseous fuel to 100% liquid fuel, have been analysed. This analysis has revealed the possibility of the application of computational fluid dynamics for problems of dual-fuel combustion chambers for the design of a floating vessel’s gas turbine. Moreover, the study has shown the possibility of working in different transitional gaseous and liquid fuel supply modes, as they satisfy modern ecological requirements. The dependencies of the averaged temperature, NO, and CO concentrations along the length of the low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber for different cases of fuel supply are presented. Depending on the different operating modes, the calculated emission of nitrogen oxides NO and carbon monoxide CO at the outlet cross-section of a flame tube are different, but, they lie in the ranges of 31‒50 and 23‒24 mg/nm3 on the peak of 100% liquid fuel supply mode. At operating modes where a gaseous fuel supply prevails, nitrogen oxide NO and carbon monoxide CO emissions lie in the ranges of 1.2‒4.0 and 0.04‒18 mg/nm3 respectively.

  • Investigations on fracture in reinforced concrete beams in 3-point bending using continuous micro-CT scanning
    • Łukasz Skarżyński
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2021 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    This study explores a fracture process in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. RC beams were short and long with included longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel or basalt bar. The ratio of the shear span to the effective depth was 1.5 and 0.75. The focus was on the load–deflection diagram and crack formation. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the size and distribution of pores and cracks were carried out with an X-ray micro-computed tomography system SkyScan 1173 of high resolution that is a very valuable non-destructive tool for studying a 3D material interior. The tomography system was connected with a quasi-static loading machine ISTRON 5569 to continuously follow fracture changes without loading breaks. The beams failed in shear due to a diagonal shear crack that was steeper with basalt reinforcement. The shear strength and flexural strength of RC beams with steel reinforcement were higher by about 10% than of RC beams with basalt reinforcement. The deflection corresponding to the maximum load of RC beams was higher by about 20–25% in RC beams with basalt reinforcement due to its lower basalt modulus of elasticity. The final volume of cracks in beams reinforced with basalt bars was higher by about 9–20% than in concrete beams reinforced with steel bars due to a higher beam deflection whereas the maximum crack width in concrete beams reinforced with basalt bars was higher by about 20–40% than in concrete beams reinforced with steel bars. The critical shear crack in RC beams with basalt reinforcement was wider by about 20–40% and steeper by about 10–45% as compared to concrete beams with steel reinforcement. The relationship between the crack volume and beam deflection was bi-linear. Both, aggregate breakage and crack branching occurred during beam bending.

  • Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples
    • Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
    • Krystyna Kozioł
    • Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2021 Full text MOLECULES

    The parents’ addictions and eating habits have a significant influence on the child’s growth. The first stool of a newborn baby provides a large amount of information about xenobiotics transmitted by the mother’s body. The analytical technique used in the study is ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward and their partners, revealed cyanide concentrations in urine samples spanning 1.30–25.3 g L1. Meanwhile, the results of the meconium samples were in the range of 1.54 g L1 to 24.9 g L1. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the IC-PAD system exhibited satisfactory repeatability (R < 3%, n = 3) and good linearity in the range of 1–100 g L1. Thus, it proved to be an effective tool for monitoring trace cyanide concentration in a series of human body fluid matrices, including meconium. Based on the literature review, this is the first application of the IC-PAD analytical technique for the determination of cyanide ions in meconium samples.

  • Ionic liquids in extraction techniques: Determination of pesticides in food and environmental samples
    • Karolina Delińska
    • Kateryna Yavir
    • Adam Kloskowski
    2021 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    The intensive use of pesticides in agricultural practices has promoted the appearance of environmentaland public health problems. Due to that, scientists face challenges with developing simple, fast, sensitive,selective, and low-cost methods dedicated to determining pesticide residues in food and environmentalsamples. Following thefifth principle of Green Analytical Chemistry, chemists are searching for greeneralternatives for toxic organic solvents, thus, implementing the ionic liquids (ILs) to extraction techniques.ILs also contribute to improving the analytical methodologies, e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. Adeeper understanding of the nature of newly developed IL-s based extraction solutions and the impact oftheir investigation on analytical parameters towards the determination of pesticides is crucial forensuring their successful use as potential sorption media for specific purposes. This review presents athorough discussion of currently popular ILs-based extraction techniques dedicated to determiningpesticide residues in food and environmental samples, and highlights the current applications inmicroextraction technique.