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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2021

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  • Poland's economic relations with Uzbekistan
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2021 Full text Studia Wschodnioeuropejskie

    The article describes economic relations between Poland and Uzbekistan 1992-2020

  • Polish Adaptation of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire—Revised 2 for All Pregnant Women
    • Anna Michalik
    • Lucyna Wójcicka
    • Agata Zdun-Ryżewska
    • Agnieszka Czerwińska-Osipiak
    • Michał Krzemiński
    • Jolanta Olszewska
    • Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz
    • Anja C. Huizink
    2021 Full text Healthcare

    Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) is a specific type of anxiety characteristic of the perinatal period. PrA can affect pregnancy and birth. However, no validated tool exists to measure PrA in Polish obstetric practice. The aim of this study was to translate the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire—Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) into Polish and to evaluate its reliability and factorial and construct validity. This study was conducted in Poland as an online questionnaire in April 2020 and included 175 healthy women. To validate the PRAQ-R2, we used standardized tools for the measurement of general anxiety: the modified Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scale reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was evaluated by calculating Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients. Statistical analyses were performed using R ver. 4.0.2. Values for comparative fit index >0.90, Tucker–Lewis index >0.90, and root mean square error of approximation <0.08 indicated acceptable model fit, confirming the reliability of the three-factor structure of the translation. The subscales and total scores had good consistency (α > 0.7), and convergent validity was demonstrated. The PRAQ-R2 as translated into Polish represents the first validated tool in Poland to measure PrA for all pregnant women.

  • POLISH PUBLISHERS OPEN ACCESS POLICIES DATABASE - FUNCTIONALITIES AND ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OPENNESS POLICIES
    • Agnieszka Leszczewicz
    • Magdalena Stankevič
    • Jacek Sikora
    2021 Full text TASK Quarterly

    The aim of the article is to present a base of Polish Publishers Open Access Policies as a tool supporting the scientific community in the implementation of openness policies. It is the first national platform to gather and analyze a publishing policy in the field of Open Access to Polish scientific journals. For scientists, it is a tool for searching for a Polish journal meeting certain criteria. It enables grant recipients to verify whether the journal meets the principles of Plan S. The database also provides information on the principles of using intellectual property.The functionalities of the database were analyzed based on NCN’s policy comparing them with the principles of publishing research results in Open Access. The specific criteria used in thePolish Publishers Open Access Policies database were compared with other databases: Arianta, SHERPA/RoMEO. The analysis shows that the Polish Publishers Open Access Policy is the only national database for Polish scientific journals, bringing together in one place information necessary for the scientific community on publication in Open Access. The database facilitates project preparation and implementation. Academic librarians, promoting the idea of Open Science, support the scientific community at each stage of the activity described, providing tools, knowledge base and competences.

  • Polyisocyanates from Sustainable Resources
    • Ewa Głowińska
    • Paulina Parcheta
    • Paulina Kasprzyk
    • Janusz Datta
    2021

    Isocyanates, next to polyols, constitute the major components essential for polyurethane (PU) production. They have a significant impact on physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PU materials. They also have an impact on those materials’ purposes, forms, textures, and other features. The available and used isocyanates are of a petrochemical origin. With the development of a trend toward green chemistry in the science and chemical industry, there are available biobased isocyanates that allow obtaining green PUs. Nevertheless, compared with the development of other basic ingredients for PUs (like polyols or chain extenders), the development of biobased isocyanates is still not well pursued. The main aim of this chapter is to present information about research development into biobased isocyanates, methods for obtaining them, and examples of materials prepared with their use in the synthesis of PU materials.

  • Polymeric metal‐containing ionic liquid sorbent coating for the determination of amines using headspace solid‐phase microextraction
    • Kateryna Yavir
    • Philip Eor
    • Adam Kloskowski
    • Jared Anderson
    2021 Full text JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE

    This study describes the design, synthesis, and application of polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings featuring nickel metal centers for the determination of volatile and semivolatile amines from water samples using headspace solidphase microextraction. The examined polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings were composed of two ionic liquid monomers (tetra(3-vinylimidazolium)nickel bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide [Ni2+(VIM)4] 2[NTf2–] and 1-vinyl-3- hexylimidazolium [HVIM+][NTf2–]), and an ionic liquid cross-linker (1,12-di(3- vinylimidazolium)dodecane [(VIM)2C12 2+] 2[NTf2 –]). With these ionic liquid monomers and cross-linkers, three different types of coatings were prepared: PIL 1 based on the neat [Ni2 (VIM)4] 2[NTf2 –] monomer, PIL 2 consisting of the [Ni2+(VIM)4] 2[NTf2 –] monomer with addition of cross-linker, and PIL 3 composed of the [HVIM+][NTf2–] monomer and cross-linker. Analytical performance of the prepared sorbent coatings using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was compared with the polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate commercial coatings. The PIL 2 sorbent coating yielded the highest enrichment factors ranging from 5500 to over 160 000 for the target analytes. The developed headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was applied for the analysis of real samples (the concentration of amines was 200 μg/L), producing relative recovery values in the range of 90.9–120.0% (PIL 1) and 83.0–122.7% (PIL 2) from tap water, and 84.8–112.4% (PIL 1) and 79.2–119.3% (PIL 2) from lake water.

  • Polymodal Method of Improving the Quality of Photogrammetric Images and Models
    • Paweł Burdziakowski
    2021 Full text ENERGIES

    Photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles has become very popular and is already commonly used. The most frequent photogrammetry products are an orthoimage, digital terrain model and a 3D object model. When executing measurement flights, it may happen that there are unsuitable lighting conditions, and the flight itself is fast and not very stable. As a result, noise and blur appear on the images, and the images themselves can have too low of a resolution to satisfy the quality requirements for a photogrammetric product. In such cases, the obtained images are useless or will significantly reduce the quality of the end-product of low-level photogrammetry. A new polymodal method of improving measurement image quality has been proposed to avoid such issues. The method discussed in this article removes degrading factors from the images and, as a consequence, improves the geometric and interpretative quality of a photogrammetric product. The author analyzed 17 various image degradation cases, developed 34 models based on degraded and recovered images, and conducted an objective analysis of the quality of the recovered images and models. As evidenced, the result was a significant improvement in the interpretative quality of the images themselves and a better geometry model.

  • Polynomial description of dynamic impedance spectrogram—introduction to a new impedance analysis method
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Artur Zieliński
    • Michał Mielniczek
    • Ewa Janicka
    • Łukasz Gaweł
    2021 Full text ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS

    This paper presents a polynomial description of spectrograms obtained using Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. A method to fit the polynomial degree correctly is discussed. A simple electrical system of a diode connected in parallel with a capacitor was used for testing. Dynamic impedance measurements during potentiodynamic polarization were conducted. This paper presents an alternative analysis method that allows the determination of system electrochemical characteristics. This method was compared to classical analysis based on equivalent circuit fitting. An alternative method of analysis yielded many advantages in describing impedance results—the potential to obtain an infinite number of impedance spectra over a various range and the possibility to show the resistance and capacitance characteristics as a function of frequency and control of electrochemical energy sources. The polynomial description marks a step forward in analysis automation, facilitating easy and reliable automation and control of electrochemical energy sources.

  • Polypropylene structure alterations after 5 years of natural degradation in a waste landfill
    • Marta Potrykus
    • Vladyslav Redko
    • Katarzyna Głowacka
    • Agnieszka Piotrowicz-Cieślak
    • Paweł Szarlej
    • Helena Janik
    • Lidia Wolska
    2021 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Up to 25% of plastic waste in Europe is still disposed of in landfills, despite recycling efforts. The plastic waste in the landfill plot may be exposed both to abiotic and biotic degradation processes, although it is thought that most of the plastic materials tend to be resistant to biodegradation or biodeterioration even after a long time. To verify if polypropylene (PP) can undergo the process of short-term biodegradation and how this process is manifested in a municipal waste landfill, we collected a plastic sample from an already closed landfill plot estimating its age at approximately 5 years. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy led to sample identification as PP as well as showed additional bands which are not specific to polymer structure but rather result from microbial metabolism. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was performed to examine the influence of the environmental degradation process on the degree of crystallisation of the tested PP. Moreover, significant changes on the surface of an old PP packaging were observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showing clear signs of PP delamination which resulted in microplastic particles formation (smaller than 5 μm in diameter). Additionally, several round and oval shaped structures were observed with SEM leading to the suspicion of biofilm formation on the PP surface. Indeed, the microorganisms were present in a vast amount on the old PP surface and possibly formed a viable biofilm as it was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. These data show that plastic waste can be inhabited by microorganisms from the ambient environment which may probably lead to its faster degradation. However, this process should be investigated in more detail in order to shed light upon the possible risk factors of plastic biodegradation in waste landfills to the environment and human health. Even after five years, polypropylene can undergo deterioration/biodegradation in a waste landfill with viable microbial cells on its surface, possibly involved in its degradation.

  • Polytypism and superconductivity in the NbS2 system
    • Catherine Witteveen
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Johan Chang
    • Martin Månsson
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Fabian von Rohr
    2021 Full text DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    We report on the phase formation and the superconducting properties in the NbS2 system. Specifically, we have performed a series of standardized solid-state syntheses in this system, which allow us to establish a comprehensive synthesis map for the formation of the two polytypes 2H-NbS2 and 3R-NbS2, respectively. We show that the identification of two polytypes by means of X-ray diffraction is not always unambiguous. Our physical property measurements on a phase-pure sample of 3R-NbS2, on a phasepure sample of 2H-NbS2, and a mixed phase sample confirm earlier reports that 2H-NbS2 is a bulk superconductor and that 3R-NbS2 is not a superconductor above T = 1.75 K. Our results clearly show that specific heat measurements, as true bulk measurements, are crucial for the identification of superconducting materials in this and related systems. Our results indicate that for the investigation of van der Waals materials great care has to be taken on choosing the synthesis conditions for obtaining phase pure samples.

  • Polyurethanes
    • Hanna Fałtynowicz
    • Helena Janik
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    • Maciej Sienkiewicz
    2021

    Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, Fourth Edition provides complete coverage of the chemical processes, manufacturing techniques and design properties of each polymer, along with its applications. This new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, with new chapters on radiation curing, biological adhesives, vitrimers, and 3D printing. This detailed handbook considers the practical implications of using thermoset plastics and the relationships between processing, properties and applications, as well as analyzing the strengths and weakness of different methods and applications. The aim of the book is to help the reader to make the right decision and take the correct action on the basis of informed analysis – avoiding the pitfalls the authors’ experience has uncovered. In industry, the book supports engineers, scientists, manufacturers and R&D professionals working with plastics. The information included will also be of interest to researchers and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer chemistry, adhesives and coatings.

  • Polyurethanes for Coating, Adhesives, and Other Applications
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Adam Olszewski
    • Paweł Nowak
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    2021

    An interesting group of polyurethane (PU) materials are coatings, adhesives, sealants, and thickeners. A wide base of raw materials and various methods of PU synthesis allows production of materials with a wide range of properties that can be commonly used in many industries. This chapter describes the main types of PU coatings and adhesives and special application PUs and the methods of their production. The materials described in this chapter can be obtained from one-component and two-component systems using organic solvents, aqueous dispersions, powders, or solvent-free systems. There has been a growing interest in ecological solutions aimed at the elimination of organic solvents. For this reason, the interest in obtaining PUs from aqueous dispersions and other proecological solutions is still growing.

  • Pomiar sił w wantach mostu podwieszonego
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    • Mikołaj Binczyk
    • Przemysław Kalitowski
    2021 Full text Materiały Budowlane

    W artykule przedstawiono metodę oraz wyniki badań sił w wantach Mostu III Tysiąclecia im. Jana Pawła II w Gdańsku. Do identyfikacji sił wykorzystano trzy metody: wibracyjną; z wykorzystaniem siłownika jednosplotowego (lift-off) oraz pomiaru strzałki ugięcia. Przedstawione wyniki badań dowodzą, że wszystkie metody mogą być z powodzeniem wykorzystywane do identyfikacji rzeczywistej siły w wancie. Każda z metod ma jednak ograniczenia i w związku z tym jest obarczona pewnymi błędami, których wpływ zależy m.in. od układu geometrycznego wanty. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wiarygodności przedstawionych metod pomiarowych.

  • Pore Water Pressure Development in Soft Soil due to Installation and Loading of Controlled Modulus Columns
    • Lech Bałachowski
    • Jakub Konkol
    2021 Full text JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

    Excess pore water pressure (EPWP) development and decay due to the installation and static loading tests of controlled modulus columns (CMC) in soft soil was measured with piezometers equipped with low air entry (LAE) filters and a piezocone (CPTU) equipped with a high air entry (HAE) filter. The HAE filter allows for detailed detection of EPWP in short time intervals during construction of CMC. The influence zone due to the installation of the CMC group extends up to 40D (D = column diameter) with significant installation effects and high EPWP within the zone of 7D. The influence zone during the static loading test is much narrower and does not exceed 2D. The presented research shows the applicability of using a CPTU in EPWP monitoring during CMC construction and clarifies some effects of CMC group installation.

  • Porous material-based sorbent coatings in Solid-phase microextraction technique: Recent trends and future perspectives
    • Karolina Delińska
    • Paulina Rakowska
    • Adam Kloskowski
    2021 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    The use of porous materials as sorbents in sample preparation techniques has gained recent scientific attention in the context of developing novel fibers for the Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. SPME requires the appropriate selection of a robust sorbent for successful utilization under variable conditions. A deeper understanding of the nature of newly developed porous SPME coatings and the impact of their structures on their analytical parameters is crucial for ensuring their successful use as potential sorption media for specific purposes. This review presents a thorough discussion of currently popular SPME-based porous materials in the context of their structures.

  • Porous Phantoms Mimicking Tissues—Investigation of Optical Parameters Stability Over Time
    • Paulina Listewnik
    • Monika Ronowska
    • Michał Wąsowicz
    • Valery Tuchin
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    2021 Full text Materials

    Optical phantoms are used to validate optical measurement methods. The stability of their optical parameters over time allows them to be used and stored over long-term periods, while maintaining their optical parameters. The aim of the presented research was to investigate the stability of fabricated porous phantoms, which can be used as a lung phantom in optical system. Measurements were performed in multiple series with an interval of 6 months, recreating the same conditions and using the same measuring system consisting of an integrating sphere, a coherent light source with a wavelength of 635 nm and a detector. Scattering and absorption parameters were determined on the basis of the measured reflectance and transmittance. The tested samples were made of silicone and glycerol in various proportions

  • Porównanie efektów nauczania przed i w czasie nauki zdalnej spowodowanej pandemią SARS-CoV-2 na przykładzie przedmiotu Metrologia
    • Sylwia Babicz-Kiewlicz
    2021 Full text

    Przedmiot Metrologia jest wykładany na semestrze drugim na trzech kierunkach na Wydziale Elektroniki, Telekomunikacji i Informatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej. W ramach wykładu studenci poznają problematykę dokonywania pomiarów. W kolejnym semestrze, przekładają zdobytą teoretycznie wiedzę na praktykę, wykonując pomiary w laboratorium. Z uwagi na wybuch pandemii SARS-CoV-2 w 2020 roku oraz wprowadzone ograniczenia od połowy marca, studenci i wykładowcy zostali zmuszeni do nauki zdalnej wykładu. Laboratoria prowadzone od października 2020 również musiały zmienić swoją formę z uwagi na mniejszą liczbę studentów w sali laboratoryjnej oraz zmniejszoną liczbę terminów przy porównywalnej liczbie studentów ogółem. Część zajęć odbyła się w skróconej formie stacjonarnie, część – zdalnie. Praca prezentuje różnice w sposobie przeprowadzenia zajęć oraz analizę efektów nauczania. Celem przeprowadzonych badań jest określenie skuteczności nauki zdalnej oraz hybrydowej – stacjonarno-zdalnej na przedmiocie Metrologia. Przeprowadzona analiza ma za zadanie określić kierunki przyszłego rozwoju prowadzenia przedmiotu, by możliwie najlepiej przygotować studentów do nauki na kolejnych semestrach. Do analizy wykorzystano prace studentów dwóch grup. Do grupy A zakwalifikowano studentów uczących się stacjonarnie w latach akademickich 2018/19/20. Do grupy B zakwalifikowano studentów uczących się przedmiotu Metrologia w czasie pandemii w formie zdalnej (semestr 2 – wykład) i w formie hybrydowej (semestr 3 – laboratorium) w latach akademickich 2019/20/21. Analizie poddano wyniki w sumie ponad 450 osób. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że nauczanie zdalne powoduje większą polaryzację wyników studentów oraz zmniejsza ich zdolności praktyczne. Jednocześnie podjęta analiza ujawnia problemy natury etycznej przeprowadzania zaliczeń i egzaminów w formie zdalnej. Praca prezentuje możliwości wykorzystania nauczania zdalnego w celu przygotowania studentów do zajęć praktycznych.

  • Port Cities within Port Regions: Shaping Complex Urban Environments in Gdańsk Bay, Poland
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    • Piotr Lorens
    • Eliza Michałowska
    2021 Full text Urban Planning

    Port cities located within various metropolitan or functional regions face very different development scenarios. This applies not only to entire municipalities but also to particular areas that play important roles in urban development—including ports as well as their specialized parts. This refers also to the various types of maritime industries, including the processing of goods, logistics operations, shipbuilding, or ship repairing, to name just a few. Since each of these activities is associated with a different location, any transformation process that creates changes in geographic borders or flows will dynamically affect the port cityscape. Municipalities may evolve in different directions, becoming ‘major maritime hubs,’ ‘secondary service centers,’ ‘specialized waterfront cities,’ or just distressed urban areas. Within each metropolitan area, one can find several cities evolving in one of the above‐mentioned directions, which results in the creation of a specific regional mosaic of various types of port cities. These create specific ‘port regions’ with specific roles assigned to each of these and shape the new (regional) dimension of the geography of borders and flows. As a result, these port regions are created as porous structures where space is discontinuous. To further develop the issue of the creation and evolution of port regions, the authors present the case study of the Gdańsk Bay port region. This study in particular allowed for the development of both the theoretical background of this phenomenon and the presentation of a real‐life example

  • Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia
    • Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk
    • Marcin Połom
    2021 Full text ENERGIES

    Trolleybus transport refers to contemporary challenges related to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and CO2 into the atmosphere formulated by international institutions, such as the United Nations, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or the European Union. Departure from fossil fuels in urban transport is one of the key challenges for the coming years. Trolleybuses are an important tool in this task, even though their importance was declining in the past. Nowadays, due to, among others, technological development, in particular the availability of high-capacity batteries, their long life and low weight, trolleybus transport is becoming popular again. The use of the existing overhead contact infrastructure of the trolleybus network and small on-board batteries allow expanding the spatial accessibility of zero-emission public transport. Thus, this reduces the social differentiation in access to environmentally friendly transport that does not emit pollutants at the place of operation. The article presents possibilities of using on-board batteries in shaping trolleybus connections with the optimal use of the existing overhead contact lines (OHL). It presents a procedure that allows for the evaluation of the extent to which the OHL should cover the routes of bus lines in order to qualify for trolleybus service in the In-Motion-Charging (IMC) technology. Analysis of the literature shows inadequate scientific studies on combining the advantages of overhead wiring and the development of on-board battery technology in popularising zero-emission transport. This article addresses the key issues related to the use of partially autonomous trolleybuses.

  • Post-Effort Changes in Autophagy- and Inflammation-Related Gene Expression in White Blood Cells of Healthy Young Men
    • Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
    • Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek
    • Paweł Wityk
    • Danuta Cerembrowsa-Lech
    • Robert Nowak
    2021 Full text Cells

    Acute, strenuous physical exertion requiring high levels of energy production induces the production of reactive oxygen species and metabolic disturbances that can damage the mitochondria. Thus, selective autophagic elimination of defective mitochondria may improve resistance to oxidative stress and potentially to inflammation. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intense effort on changes in the expression of select genes related to post-effort inflammation and autophagy. Thirty-five men aged 16–21 years were recruited to the study. The impacts of both aerobic (endurance) and anaerobic (speed) efforts on selected genes encoding chemokines (CXCL5, 8–12) were analyzed. Significant increases in the expression of all studied genes excluding CXCL12 were observed. Moreover, both types of effort induced an increase in the expression of genes encoding IL-2, -4, -6, -10, IFN-γ and TNF-α, excluding IL-17A. Generally, these efforts caused a significant increase in the relative expression of apoptosis- (BCL2 and BAX) and autophagy- (BNIP3, BECN1, MAP1LC3B, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1) related genes. It seems that the duration of physical activity and its bioenergetic cost has an important impact on the degree of increase in expression of this panel of autophagy-related genes. Anaerobic effort is more strenuous than aerobic effort and requires a higher bioenergetic investment. This may explain the stronger impact of anaerobic effort on the expression of the studied genes. This observation seems to support the protective role of autophagy proposed in prior studies.

  • Post-match recovery profile of leukocyte cell subsets among professional soccer players
    • Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak,
    • Paweł Wityk
    • Andrzej Ciechanowicz
    • Robert Nowak
    2021 Full text Scientific Reports

    This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Twenty-two males (aged 18–30 years) took part in the 36-week study. Participants playing up to 540 in cumulative match time and less than 30 min in each single match during the observation period formed the control group. White blood cell (WBC) phenotyping and creatine kinase (CK) plasma activity analyses were performed. Also, counts for WBC subsets were determined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters or lymphocyte and NK cell percentages were observed between the control and study groups. Changes in the T cell percentage were significant during weeks 11 and 30 and in Th and Tc cell percentages during weeks 2 and 26. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. However, for the study group, correlations were found between cumulative match time and Th, Tc, and B cell percentages; CK activity; and the CK ratio. Our study suggests that the distribution of CD45+ cells might be a useful tool for monitoring the immune status of professional soccer players.