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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2022

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  • Removal of diphenols using pine biochar. Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and mechanism of uptake
    • Nilton F.G.M. Cimirro
    • Eder C. Lima
    • Mariene R. Cunha
    • Pascal S. Thue
    • Alejandro Grimm
    • Glaydson S. dos Reis
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Farhad Keivanimehr
    • Sajjad Habibzadeh
    2022 JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Thermal pyrolysis synthesized activated biochar from the Pinus elliottii sawdust (PS) at 600° C. The obtained activated biochar (PB600) was used for the removal of three diphenols, catechol (CAT), resorcinol (RES), and hydroquinone (HYD), which are utilized mainly in different industries. The PB600 was characterized by several analytical techniques. The BET surface area of 1473 m2.g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.707 cm3 g−1 was obtained. The functional groups and amount of acidic and basic groups on the biochar were determined by FTIR and Bohem titration, respectively. From the isotherm studies, it was obtained that the maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) based on the Liu isotherm model were 419.8 (CAT 45 °C), 263.8 (RES 40 °C), and 500.9 mg g−1 (HYD 25 °C). The values of thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that CAT, RES, and HYD adsorption processes were spontaneous, exothermic, and energetically favorable, and the magnitude of ΔH° was compatible with physisorption. The CAT, RES, and HYD adsorption mechanism onto the biochar is followed by porous filling, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, PB600 biochar was employed as a potential adsorbent for treating simulated industrial effluents in a complex matrix simulating a real industrial effluent, and the overall removal attained up to 95.97 %. In concert with the experimental results, the electronic properties of the developed adsorption systems, including frontier molecular orbitals, charge density difference, and partial density of states, were studied by the density functional theory (DFT) approach to explore the mechanism of adsorption on the activated biochar surface.

  • Removal of lead ions from wastewater using lanthanum sulfide nanoparticle decorated over magnetic graphene oxide
    • Shahabaldin Rezania
    • Amin Mojiri
    • Junboum Park
    • Nicole Nawrot
    • Ewa Wojciechowska
    • Najat Marraiki
    • Nouf S.S. Zaghloul
    2022 Full text ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

    In this study, the new lanthanum sulfide nanoparticle (La2S3) was synthesized and incorporated onto magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) sheets surface to produce potential adsorbent (MGO@LaS) for efficient removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from wastewater. The synthesized MGO@LaS adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effective parameters on the adsorption process including solution pH (∼5), adsorbent dosage (20 mg), contact time (40 min), initial Pb2+ concentration and temperature were studied. The removal efficiency was obtained >95% for lead ions at pH 5 with 20 mg adsorbent. To validate the adsorption rate and mechanism, the kinetic and thermodynamic models were studied based on experimental data. The Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted to initial equilibrium concentration with a maximum adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. This indicated a monolayer adsorption pattern for Pb2+ ions over MGO@LaS. The pseudo-second-order as the kinetic model was best fitted to describe the adsorption rate due to high R2 > 0.999 as compared first-order. A thermodynamic model suggested a chemisorption and physisorption adsorption mechanism for Pb2+ ions uptake into MGO@LaS at different temperatures; ΔG° < −5.99 kJ mol−1 at 20 °C and ΔG° −18.2 kJ mol−1 at 45 °C. The obtained results showed that the novel nanocomposite (MGO@LaS) can be used as an alternative adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

  • Removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics from wastewater by adsorption on cross-linked β-cyclodextrin
    • Anna Skwierawska
    • Dominika Nowacka
    • Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
    2022 Full text Water Resources and Industry

    We present a method using the material in the form of cross-linked β-cyclodextrin (CD) showing high efficiency in the simultaneous removal of hazardous pollutants from sewage, such as diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KETO), naproxen (NAPR), salicylic acid (SALI) and tramadol (TRAM). The material is stable and particularly easy to regenerate. The sorbent probably remembers the shape of the contaminants, which increases its sorption capacity after the second use. The kinetics of the KETO adsorption process from one-, two- and three-component solutions are well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum polymer capacity was 162.60 mg g−1. The interactions of KETO with CD were investigated, indicating that the main sorption mechanism is based on supramolecular interaction and uptake by a polymer network. The material is not sensitive to low pH and high salinity, so it can be used for the treatment of DIC, IBU, and KETO post-production wastewaters.

  • Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Air: Focus on Biotrickling Filtration and Process Modeling
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    2022 Full text Processes

    Biotrickling filtration is a well-established technology for the treatment of air polluted with odorous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Besides dozens of successful industrial applications of this technology, there are still gaps in a full understanding and description of the mechanisms of biotrickling filtration. This review focuses on recent research results on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with single and multiple VOCs, as well as process modeling. The modeling offers optimization of a process design and performance, as well as allows deeper understanding of process mechanisms. An overview of the developments of models describing biotrickling filtration and conventional biofiltration, as primarily developed and in many aspects through similar processes, is presented in this paper.

  • Renewable and Sustainable Energy: Current State and Prospects
    • Bartłomiej Igliński
    • Michał Pietrzak
    2022 Full text ENERGIES

    The last two decades of the twentieth century represented a period of above-average, systematic growth of formal and informal interdependencies between economies of different countries and between world markets. The intensity, magnitude, and diversity of these interdependencies have never been recorded before in economic history, and the market transformations taking place have been referred to in the literature as the process of world globalization. Over the next twenty years of the 21st century, the dynamic and systematic development of globalization processes has progressed to such an extent that, in fact, a very high level of interdependence has been achieved in every sector of the economy [1]. This means that national economies for the last forty years have faced functioning in new economic conditions, forced mainly by the developing globalization processes. This has mainly contributed to a significant increase in the socio-economic development [2,3] and the associated enrichment of the populations of most economies and worldwide changes in the labor market [4]. In addition, there have been new trends in consumer attitudes [5,6], where environmental issues have begun to play a dominant role in consumer decision-making.

  • Representing and Managing Experiential Knowledge with Decisional DNA and its Drimos® Extension
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Karina Sterling-zuluaga
    2022 Full text

    The Semantic Web concept is proposing a future concept of the WorldWideWeb (WWW) where both humans and man-made systems are able to interconnect and exchange knowledge. One of the challenges of Semantic Web is smart and trusted accommodation of knowledge in artificial systems so it can be unified, enhanced, reused, shared, communicated and distributed with added aptitude. Our research represents an important component of addressing the above challenge and exciting, cutting-edge exploration trend in the general area of developing tool for intelligence augmentation.

  • Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
    • Michał Wysocki
    • Robert Nicpoń
    • Marta Trzaska
    • Agnieszka Czapiewska
    2022

    Radio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved by different devices can be compared

  • Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
    • Michał Wysocki
    • Robert Nicpoń
    • Marta Trzaska
    • Agnieszka Czapiewska
    2022 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Radio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved by different devices can be compared.

  • Research on Linear Actuators for Active Foil Bearings
    • Łukasz Breńkacz
    • Rafał Kędra
    • Waldemar Janicki
    • Artur Maurin
    • Paweł Bagiński
    • Artur Andrearczyk
    • Beata Zima
    2022 Full text Materials

    Active foil bearings are a kind of gas foil bearing. They contain actuators which allow for modification of the bearing sleeve size and the shape of the lubrication gap. Rotor vibrations can be actively controlled by these changes. It is possible, among other things, to reduce the starting torque, control the vibration amplitude at different speeds and improve operational safety. Prototypes of active foil bearings are being developed based on different mechanical concepts. This paper provides an analysis of the linear mechanisms that are the base, and they are crucial for such developments. In the literature, there is a lack of characteristics of these actuators tested under real operating conditions of an active foil bearing. This article aims to fill this gap. New test rigs have been developed and used to precisely investigate the possibility of using actuators in active foil bearings. Since their geometry and control methods differ, the measurement systems have been adapted accordingly. The actuators studied were piezoelectrics, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and stepper motors. Each of them was characterized by different operating characteristics. The results obtained allow for a comparison of the actuators. This approach is especially useful for the design and analysis of active foil bearings.

  • Residents' Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs Associated with Hosting Major Sporting Events
    • Krystian Zawadzki
    2022 Full text Event Management

    The main purpose of this paper is to estimate on the basis of inhabitants’ perception the overall composite and aggregated scores of two major sporting events held in Ergo Arena hall, on the border of Gdańsk and Sopot, in northern Poland. The indirect aim is to identify the determinants affecting the monetary offers of the locals of the two cities. The research results unveil that major sporting events may determine the appearance of intangible social effects which are eagerly valued by the citizens of host cities. The resident’s valuation ranges between 6,08 PLN (1,96 USD) and 11,29 PLN (3,64 USD) for intangible benefits, while between 1,75 PLN (0,56 USD) and 2,21 PLN (0,71 USD) for intangible costs, depending on the city and the event. The results determines an increase in the values of intangible net benefits. The amount of net intangible benefit is much lower than in the case of mega sporting events. Nevertheless, it is more likely to host many major sporting events in a short time in one place. The regression analysis shows that the decision to allocate funds to support the Championships in 2016 and 2017 in Gdańsk/Sopot was made by people with high incomes, who expressed an interest in sport, but not necessarily in the sports discipline, and perceived intangible benefits, in particular civic pride and the feel-good factor. In turn, the level of WTPcost was particularly high among people with high incomes who perceived the threats connected with the hosting of a major sporting event.

  • Residents’ Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs Associated with Hosting Major Sporting Events
    • Krystian Zawadzki
    2022 Full text Event Management

    The main purpose of this paper is to estimate on the basis of inhabitants’ perception the overall composite and aggregated scores of two major sporting events held in Ergo Arena hall, on the border of Gdańsk and Sopot, in northern Poland. The indirect aim is to identify the determinants affecting the monetary offers of the locals of the two cities. The research results unveil that major sporting events may determine the appearance of intangible social effects which are eagerly valued by the citizens of host cities. The resident’s valuation ranges between 6,08 PLN (1,96 USD) and 11,29 PLN (3,64 USD) for intangible benefits, while between 1,75 PLN (0,56 USD) and 2,21 PLN (0,71 USD) for intangible costs, depending on the city and the event. The results determines an increase in the values of intangible net benefits. The amount of net intangible benefit is much lower than in the case of mega sporting events. Nevertheless, it is more likely to host many major sporting events in a short time in one place. The regression analysis shows that the decision to allocate funds to support the Championships in 2016 and 2017 in Gdańsk/Sopot was made by people with high incomes, who expressed an interest in sport, but not necessarily in the sports discipline, and perceived intangible benefits, in particular civic pride and the feel-good factor. In turn, the level of WTPcost was particularly high among people with high incomes who perceived the threats connected with the hosting of a major sporting event.

  • Residual current devices in installations with PV energy sources
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2022 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    The paper presents the principles of residual current devices (RCDs) application in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Provisions of standards in this regard are commented on, in particular, attention is drawn to the lack of obligation to use of RCDs in PV installations. The issue of the shape of the earth fault current and the level of leakage currents in such installations are discussed. These factors influence the selection of RCDs in terms of their rated residual operating current as well as the type of tripping characteristic.

  • Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2022

    In this book, the idea for residual current protection has been presented. The evolution in construction types of residual current devices, which has taken place over decades, is discussed. Types and functional properties of the contemporary residual current devices are described. The main parameters of these devices, from the point of view of their selection and application, are indicated. Special constructions of the protective devices, among other portable and socket-outlets residual devices, are described. The reliability of residual current devices and main sources of their defects are discussed. The rules of backup protection of residual current devices without integrated overcurrent protection are presented. The application of residual current devices in TN, TT, and IT low-voltage systems is commented upon. Requirements of the standards, regarding the obligatory use of residual current devices, are quoted. The principles of application of residual current devices in protection in case of a fault, additional protection, as well as protection against fire, are explained. As extended information related to the use of residual current devices in protection against fire, arc fault detection devices are described, which can be treated as complementary protective devices especially in the case of dangerous series arcing. The issue of residual current devices’ operation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents is commented in detail. Residual current devices also make difficulties during an earth fault loop impedance measurement, which is one of the commonly performed measurements to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of the supply. The sources of unwanted tripping of the devices, during this type of measurement, are indicated and suitable methods of measurement are shown. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage currents is discussed. Moreover, coordination of residual current devices with surge protective devices is commented upon. Principles of residual current devices’ verifications, examples of their results, as well as fault diagnosis in circuits with these devices are described. At the end of the book, Appendix A presents examples of residual current devices’ selection. Additionally, Appendix B covers a list of the standards regarding residual current devices’ performance, application, and operation.

  • Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
    • Janusz Kozłowski
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    2022

    In this article, specific methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical least squares procedure. Since, in the presence of correlated noise, the relevant parameter estimates suffer from an asymptotic systematic error, the instrumental variable method is used here to significantly improve the consistency of the estimates. The finally applied algorithm based on the criterion of the smallest sum of absolute values is used to identify linear and nonlinear models in the presence of sporadic measurement errors. In summary, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations.

  • Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
    • Janusz Kozłowski
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    2022

    In this study, dedicated methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical least squares procedure. Since, in the presence of correlated noise, the relevant parameter estimates suffer from an asymptotic systematic error, the instrumental variable method is used here to significantly improve the consistency of the estimates. The finally applied algorithm based on the criterion of the smallest sum of absolute values is used to identify linear and nonlinear models in the presence of sporadic measurement errors. In summary, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated by means of numerical tests.

  • Rethinking Sustainable Cities at Night: Paradigm Shifts in Urban Design and City Lighting
    • Karolina Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • Katarzyna Bobkowska
    2022 Full text Sustainability

    Since the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, various perspectives on sustainable cities have been developed and adopted in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future. However, background research has revealed that these goals and targets are limited because they do not take into account the growing body of lighting-related research in diverse fields on the impact of outdoor illumination on humans, flora and fauna. Recently, exterior lighting has been also linked to environmental degradation and as an indirect contributor to the current climate change emergency. Therefore, this study aims, by using online interviews with over 50 experts who work in the field of artificial light at night (ALAN), to assess whether the SDG objectives adequately reflect the latest knowledge about sustainable cities. The Elsevier 2021 SDG mapping matrix was used to find the correlation between the keywords that define each SDG and the keywords used by a group of international experts. This work suggests there are missing targets in current SDGs, especially SDG 11, connected to sustainable cities and communities. It also offers useful guidance on how to rethink the existing approach of cities that aim for sustainability, by applying eight (8) key aspects of urban lighting for healthier and environmentally responsible outdoor illumination, by means of a correct design process, along with a five-step strategic plan of action. The crucial role of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration with experts has also been outlined, via the inclusion of new actors such as lighting professionals and researchers, who are currently absent in this important discourse

  • Reversible data hiding in encrypted DICOM images using sorted binary sequences of pixels
    • Mariusz Dzwonkowski
    • Bartosz Czaplewski
    2022 SIGNAL PROCESSING

    In this paper, a novel reversible data hiding method for encrypted DICOM images is proposed. The method utilizes binary decomposition of the input data paired with a sorting process of the obtained binary sequences to ensure efficient data embedding in each predefined data block for specific most significant bit (MSB) planes while exploiting the properties of run-length encoding. The proposed scheme is lossless, and based on the receiver's privileges, allows separate or simultaneous recovery of the original and embedded data. The proposed method was originally designed for 16-bit DICOM images of monochrome photometric interpretation, however it can be used with any type of data while providing satisfactory results. A computer-based analysis has been carried out and simulation results for DICOM and non-DICOM images are shown at the end of this paper.

  • Review of cigars and cigar-type products as potential sources of consumer exposure to heavy metals
    • Paweł Hać
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Piotr Konieczka
    2022 Full text JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART C-ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS

    The popularity of cigars, growing since 1993, has not gone hand in hand with the increased interest of researchers in these products. Although the literature widely describes the harmfulness of tobacco and the content of toxic substances in tobacco products, the topic is often treated selectively as relating primarily to cigarettes and rarely extends to other products of the broadly defined tobacco industry. However, there is no reason to marginalize the harmful effects of other nicotine products, (which include tobacco products such as cigars). The study analyzed the available literature on the con- tent of selected heavy metals in cigar tobacco. Among the heavy metals, the following contents of elements in tobacco were recorded in cigars: Fe (420–2200mg/g), Mn (100–370mg/ g), Zn (14–180 mg/g), Cu (15–140 mg/g), Pb (not detec- ted–32mg/g), Cd (nd–19mg/g), Ni (nd–13mg/g), Cr (nd–10mg/ g), Co (0.65–1.0 mg/g), As (nd–0.66 mg/g), Hg (18–25 ng/g). Importantly, the values often differ between cigars of different origins and types, indicating the need for more extensive research.

  • Revitalisation Living Lab as a Format to Accelerate an Energy Transition in Polish Rural Areas: The Case Studies of Metropolitan Outskirts Gdańsk-Orunia and Lubań
    • Bartosz Pietrzykowski
    • Gabriela Rembarz
    • Adam Cenian
    2022

    The paper deals with the issue of energy transition in the revitalization process dedicated to the rural and semi-rural areas of the Pomerania Region (PR). Two distinct areas, located in sub- and ex-urban zones of the Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area (OMGGS), in which bottom-up community initiatives have been playing a key role in the transformation, have been focused on. The village of Lubań (Municipality of Nowa Karczma) and the Orunia agrihood suburb of Gdańsk, i.e. two case studies in a planned revitalization program, pose an opportunity for extensive refurbishment of the heat and energy supply. The research approach runs in the Living Lab format, allowing studies based on the activities implemented and planned in the hitherto neglected field of integrated quest for energy efficiency.

  • Rewaloryzacja historycznego zajazdu Adlera w Gdyni Orłowie
    • Robert Hirsch
    • Celina Łozowska
    2022

    Tekst omawia kompleksowe prace konserwatorskie przy zabytkowym zajeździe położonym w Gdyni Orłowie. Budynek powstał w XIX w. w dwóch etapach. Przeprowadzone w latach 2011-2013 prace obejmowały m.in. wzmocnienie fundamentów, wybudowanie niezależnej konstrukcji stalowej, która odciążyła szkielet z belek drewnianych, termomodernizację oraz prace restauratorskie przy elewacjach.