2022 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Reliability of acicular grindable thermocouples for transient temperature measurements at sliding contacts
- Oleksii Nosko
- Yurii Tsybrii
- Wojciech Tarasiuk
- Andrey Nosko
2022 Pełny tekst MEASUREMENT
Acicular grindable thermocouples represent an interesting and prospective technique of temperature measurements at sliding contacts. This study aimed at the investigation of their reliability and accuracy as applied to the friction materials of various classes in contact with steel. The tests were conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer under stationary and transient regimes. The experimental results were validated by comparing the temperature data obtained by the acicular thermocouple, conventional thermocouples and infrared thermography. It was found that the measurements conducted with the acicular thermocouples are test-retest reliable for copper and a brake pads material, whereas they are not reliable for a polyamide. The temperature rise measured with the acicular thermocouple deviates from that registered by infrared thermography by 7–15% for copper and 10–19% for the brake pads material.
Reliable EM-driven size reduction of antenna structures by means of adaptive penalty factors
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
2022 Pełny tekst IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Miniaturization has become of paramount importance in the design of modern antenna systems. In particular, compact size is essential for emerging application areas such as internet of things, wearable and implantable devices, 5G technology, or medical imaging. On the other hand, reduction of physical dimensions generally has a detrimental effect on antenna performance. From the perspective of numerical optimization, miniaturization is a heavily constrained problem, with most constraints being expensive to evaluate due to involving full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation. A convenient way of handling such a task is a penalty function approach where constraint violations contribute, upon suitable scaling, to the primary objective, i.e., the antenna size. The penalty coefficients determining the aforementioned contributions are normally adjusted through engineering experience, which does not allow for a reliable control of antenna performance figures. This paper proposes an efficient management scheme for adaptive adjustment of penalty coefficients, which eliminates the need for objective function setup by trial and error, and ensures precise control of the design constraints. Our approach is demonstrated using three broadband antennas optimized for minimum size with acceptance thresholds imposed on the in-band matching level. The adaptive adjustment of penalty coefficients is shown to outperform experience-driven setups in terms of constraint control precision and the final design quality.
Remarks on use of the term “deep eutectic solvent” in analytical chemistry
- Vasil Andruch
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
2022 Pełny tekst MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
About 20 years ago, Abbott and co-workers researched new solvents that were based on mixtures of choline chloride with urea and carboxylic acids and that were liquid at ambient temperature. The term “deep eutectic solvent” (DES) was later adopted for similar mixtures. As DESs have a number of interesting features, they quickly attracted the attention of researchers and found application in various branches of chemical and materials research. To date, various definitions of DES have been proposed. Nevertheless, there are still differing views among researchers on what a DES really is and what exact properties a mixture must have in order to be included into this group. The prefix “deep” should only be used for deep eutectic solvents with melting points significantly below ideal predictions. Otherwise, the simpler term “eutectic solvent” (ES) should be used. It therefore follows that in order to correctly assign a solvent to the DES or ES group, a phase diagram must be available to evaluate the deviation from the ideality, as well as to quantify the DES’s liquid window. The term DES is now commonly used in analytical chemistry, but authors rarely go into a detailed examination of a DES from the viewpoint of whether it actually is a DES or an ES. Instead, they logically focus mainly on the analytical part, that is, on taking advantage of the benefits that the DES provides. Therefore, it may happen that the solvent used is designated as a DES, even if it does not meet all the necessary requirements. Of course, we cannot or should not expect analytical chemists to do a detailed study of the physical properties of DESs in addition to solving analytical tasks, although we should encourage analysts to pay due attention to the correct use of the terms (D)ES in their publications, as it would certainly help further development in the utilization of DESs in various areas, not just in analytics.
Remote Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines Employing Vibroacoustic Transducers and Autoencoders
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2022 Pełny tekst Frontiers in Energy Research
Implementation of remote monitoring technology for real wind turbine structures designed to detect potential sources of failure is described. An innovative multi-axis contactless acoustic sensor measuring acoustic intensity as well as previously known accelerometers were used for this purpose. Signal processing methods were proposed, including feature extraction and data analysis. Two strategies were examined: Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients pruned with principal component analysis and autoencoder-based feature extraction. The scientific experiment resulted in data gathering and analysis to predict potential wind turbine mechanism failures.
Remote Work Support Needs of Employees with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Poland: Perspectives of Individuals with Autism and Their Coworkers
- Michał Tomczak
- Elias Mpofu
- Nathan Hutson
2022 Pełny tekst International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background and Aims: With remote work becoming more common across industries, employees with autism may experience different work support needs from neurotypical peers. However, the specific remote work needs of this group of employees are underexplored in the literature. We aim to propose ways to assess workplace digital adaptation needs for individuals with autism and a framework for communicating these needs to employers. Methods: This qualitative study included interviews with 13 Polish business professionals, including coworkers and/or supervisors of employees with autism (n = 9) and female employees with autism (n = 4), about their remote work support needs. Participants responded to semi-structured interview questions identifying advantages and risk factors associated with remote work for this specific group of employees. Results: Participants reported advantages of remote work, such as limiting sensory overload and intensive interpersonal contacts, indirect interpersonal communications, flexible work hours, and eliminating the need to travel to work. Participants also reported challenges of remote work, such as reducing wanted or helpful social contacts, engaging in direct electronic communications, limiting opportunities to learn from other employees, and managing work–life balance. Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for an autism-inclusive digitalized remote work design customized to the unique needs of employees on the autism spectrum. Business managers would be key partners in the design of autism-inclusive digitalized remote work systems. Additional research is needed with larger and more diverse samples of employees with autism.
Removal of diphenols using pine biochar. Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and mechanism of uptake
- Nilton F.G.M. Cimirro
- Eder C. Lima
- Mariene R. Cunha
- Pascal S. Thue
- Alejandro Grimm
- Glaydson S. dos Reis
- Navid Rabiee
- Mohammad Saeb
- Farhad Keivanimehr
- Sajjad Habibzadeh
2022 JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
Thermal pyrolysis synthesized activated biochar from the Pinus elliottii sawdust (PS) at 600° C. The obtained activated biochar (PB600) was used for the removal of three diphenols, catechol (CAT), resorcinol (RES), and hydroquinone (HYD), which are utilized mainly in different industries. The PB600 was characterized by several analytical techniques. The BET surface area of 1473 m2.g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.707 cm3 g−1 was obtained. The functional groups and amount of acidic and basic groups on the biochar were determined by FTIR and Bohem titration, respectively. From the isotherm studies, it was obtained that the maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) based on the Liu isotherm model were 419.8 (CAT 45 °C), 263.8 (RES 40 °C), and 500.9 mg g−1 (HYD 25 °C). The values of thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that CAT, RES, and HYD adsorption processes were spontaneous, exothermic, and energetically favorable, and the magnitude of ΔH° was compatible with physisorption. The CAT, RES, and HYD adsorption mechanism onto the biochar is followed by porous filling, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, PB600 biochar was employed as a potential adsorbent for treating simulated industrial effluents in a complex matrix simulating a real industrial effluent, and the overall removal attained up to 95.97 %. In concert with the experimental results, the electronic properties of the developed adsorption systems, including frontier molecular orbitals, charge density difference, and partial density of states, were studied by the density functional theory (DFT) approach to explore the mechanism of adsorption on the activated biochar surface.
Removal of lead ions from wastewater using lanthanum sulfide nanoparticle decorated over magnetic graphene oxide
- Shahabaldin Rezania
- Amin Mojiri
- Junboum Park
- Nicole Nawrot
- Ewa Wojciechowska
- Najat Marraiki
- Nouf S.S. Zaghloul
2022 Pełny tekst ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
In this study, the new lanthanum sulfide nanoparticle (La2S3) was synthesized and incorporated onto magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) sheets surface to produce potential adsorbent (MGO@LaS) for efficient removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from wastewater. The synthesized MGO@LaS adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effective parameters on the adsorption process including solution pH (∼5), adsorbent dosage (20 mg), contact time (40 min), initial Pb2+ concentration and temperature were studied. The removal efficiency was obtained >95% for lead ions at pH 5 with 20 mg adsorbent. To validate the adsorption rate and mechanism, the kinetic and thermodynamic models were studied based on experimental data. The Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted to initial equilibrium concentration with a maximum adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. This indicated a monolayer adsorption pattern for Pb2+ ions over MGO@LaS. The pseudo-second-order as the kinetic model was best fitted to describe the adsorption rate due to high R2 > 0.999 as compared first-order. A thermodynamic model suggested a chemisorption and physisorption adsorption mechanism for Pb2+ ions uptake into MGO@LaS at different temperatures; ΔG° < −5.99 kJ mol−1 at 20 °C and ΔG° −18.2 kJ mol−1 at 45 °C. The obtained results showed that the novel nanocomposite (MGO@LaS) can be used as an alternative adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
Removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics from wastewater by adsorption on cross-linked β-cyclodextrin
- Anna Skwierawska
- Dominika Nowacka
- Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
2022 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry
We present a method using the material in the form of cross-linked β-cyclodextrin (CD) showing high efficiency in the simultaneous removal of hazardous pollutants from sewage, such as diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KETO), naproxen (NAPR), salicylic acid (SALI) and tramadol (TRAM). The material is stable and particularly easy to regenerate. The sorbent probably remembers the shape of the contaminants, which increases its sorption capacity after the second use. The kinetics of the KETO adsorption process from one-, two- and three-component solutions are well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum polymer capacity was 162.60 mg g−1. The interactions of KETO with CD were investigated, indicating that the main sorption mechanism is based on supramolecular interaction and uptake by a polymer network. The material is not sensitive to low pH and high salinity, so it can be used for the treatment of DIC, IBU, and KETO post-production wastewaters.
Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Air: Focus on Biotrickling Filtration and Process Modeling
- Piotr Rybarczyk
2022 Pełny tekst Processes
Biotrickling filtration is a well-established technology for the treatment of air polluted with odorous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Besides dozens of successful industrial applications of this technology, there are still gaps in a full understanding and description of the mechanisms of biotrickling filtration. This review focuses on recent research results on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with single and multiple VOCs, as well as process modeling. The modeling offers optimization of a process design and performance, as well as allows deeper understanding of process mechanisms. An overview of the developments of models describing biotrickling filtration and conventional biofiltration, as primarily developed and in many aspects through similar processes, is presented in this paper.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy: Current State and Prospects
- Bartłomiej Igliński
- Michał Pietrzak
2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
The last two decades of the twentieth century represented a period of above-average, systematic growth of formal and informal interdependencies between economies of different countries and between world markets. The intensity, magnitude, and diversity of these interdependencies have never been recorded before in economic history, and the market transformations taking place have been referred to in the literature as the process of world globalization. Over the next twenty years of the 21st century, the dynamic and systematic development of globalization processes has progressed to such an extent that, in fact, a very high level of interdependence has been achieved in every sector of the economy [1]. This means that national economies for the last forty years have faced functioning in new economic conditions, forced mainly by the developing globalization processes. This has mainly contributed to a significant increase in the socio-economic development [2,3] and the associated enrichment of the populations of most economies and worldwide changes in the labor market [4]. In addition, there have been new trends in consumer attitudes [5,6], where environmental issues have begun to play a dominant role in consumer decision-making.
Representing and Managing Experiential Knowledge with Decisional DNA and its Drimos® Extension
- Edward Szczerbicki
- Cesar Sanin
- Karina Sterling-zuluaga
2022 Pełny tekst
The Semantic Web concept is proposing a future concept of the WorldWideWeb (WWW) where both humans and man-made systems are able to interconnect and exchange knowledge. One of the challenges of Semantic Web is smart and trusted accommodation of knowledge in artificial systems so it can be unified, enhanced, reused, shared, communicated and distributed with added aptitude. Our research represents an important component of addressing the above challenge and exciting, cutting-edge exploration trend in the general area of developing tool for intelligence augmentation.
Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
- Michał Wysocki
- Robert Nicpoń
- Marta Trzaska
- Agnieszka Czapiewska
2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
Radio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved by different devices can be compared.
Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
- Michał Wysocki
- Robert Nicpoń
- Marta Trzaska
- Agnieszka Czapiewska
2022
Radio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved by different devices can be compared
Research on Linear Actuators for Active Foil Bearings
- Łukasz Breńkacz
- Rafał Kędra
- Waldemar Janicki
- Artur Maurin
- Paweł Bagiński
- Artur Andrearczyk
- Beata Zima
2022 Pełny tekst Materials
Active foil bearings are a kind of gas foil bearing. They contain actuators which allow for modification of the bearing sleeve size and the shape of the lubrication gap. Rotor vibrations can be actively controlled by these changes. It is possible, among other things, to reduce the starting torque, control the vibration amplitude at different speeds and improve operational safety. Prototypes of active foil bearings are being developed based on different mechanical concepts. This paper provides an analysis of the linear mechanisms that are the base, and they are crucial for such developments. In the literature, there is a lack of characteristics of these actuators tested under real operating conditions of an active foil bearing. This article aims to fill this gap. New test rigs have been developed and used to precisely investigate the possibility of using actuators in active foil bearings. Since their geometry and control methods differ, the measurement systems have been adapted accordingly. The actuators studied were piezoelectrics, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) and stepper motors. Each of them was characterized by different operating characteristics. The results obtained allow for a comparison of the actuators. This approach is especially useful for the design and analysis of active foil bearings.
Residents' Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs Associated with Hosting Major Sporting Events
- Krystian Zawadzki
2022 Pełny tekst Event Management
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate on the basis of inhabitants’ perception the overall composite and aggregated scores of two major sporting events held in Ergo Arena hall, on the border of Gdańsk and Sopot, in northern Poland. The indirect aim is to identify the determinants affecting the monetary offers of the locals of the two cities. The research results unveil that major sporting events may determine the appearance of intangible social effects which are eagerly valued by the citizens of host cities. The resident’s valuation ranges between 6,08 PLN (1,96 USD) and 11,29 PLN (3,64 USD) for intangible benefits, while between 1,75 PLN (0,56 USD) and 2,21 PLN (0,71 USD) for intangible costs, depending on the city and the event. The results determines an increase in the values of intangible net benefits. The amount of net intangible benefit is much lower than in the case of mega sporting events. Nevertheless, it is more likely to host many major sporting events in a short time in one place. The regression analysis shows that the decision to allocate funds to support the Championships in 2016 and 2017 in Gdańsk/Sopot was made by people with high incomes, who expressed an interest in sport, but not necessarily in the sports discipline, and perceived intangible benefits, in particular civic pride and the feel-good factor. In turn, the level of WTPcost was particularly high among people with high incomes who perceived the threats connected with the hosting of a major sporting event.
Residual current devices in installations with PV energy sources
- Stanisław Czapp
2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
The paper presents the principles of residual current devices (RCDs) application in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Provisions of standards in this regard are commented on, in particular, attention is drawn to the lack of obligation to use of RCDs in PV installations. The issue of the shape of the earth fault current and the level of leakage currents in such installations are discussed. These factors influence the selection of RCDs in terms of their rated residual operating current as well as the type of tripping characteristic.
Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing
- Stanisław Czapp
2022
In this book, the idea for residual current protection has been presented. The evolution in construction types of residual current devices, which has taken place over decades, is discussed. Types and functional properties of the contemporary residual current devices are described. The main parameters of these devices, from the point of view of their selection and application, are indicated. Special constructions of the protective devices, among other portable and socket-outlets residual devices, are described. The reliability of residual current devices and main sources of their defects are discussed. The rules of backup protection of residual current devices without integrated overcurrent protection are presented. The application of residual current devices in TN, TT, and IT low-voltage systems is commented upon. Requirements of the standards, regarding the obligatory use of residual current devices, are quoted. The principles of application of residual current devices in protection in case of a fault, additional protection, as well as protection against fire, are explained. As extended information related to the use of residual current devices in protection against fire, arc fault detection devices are described, which can be treated as complementary protective devices especially in the case of dangerous series arcing. The issue of residual current devices’ operation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents is commented in detail. Residual current devices also make difficulties during an earth fault loop impedance measurement, which is one of the commonly performed measurements to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of the supply. The sources of unwanted tripping of the devices, during this type of measurement, are indicated and suitable methods of measurement are shown. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage currents is discussed. Moreover, coordination of residual current devices with surge protective devices is commented upon. Principles of residual current devices’ verifications, examples of their results, as well as fault diagnosis in circuits with these devices are described. At the end of the book, Appendix A presents examples of residual current devices’ selection. Additionally, Appendix B covers a list of the standards regarding residual current devices’ performance, application, and operation.
Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
- Janusz Kozłowski
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
2022
In this article, specific methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical least squares procedure. Since, in the presence of correlated noise, the relevant parameter estimates suffer from an asymptotic systematic error, the instrumental variable method is used here to significantly improve the consistency of the estimates. The finally applied algorithm based on the criterion of the smallest sum of absolute values is used to identify linear and nonlinear models in the presence of sporadic measurement errors. In summary, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations.
Resistant to correlated noise and outliers discrete identification of continuous non-linear non-stationary dynamic objects
- Janusz Kozłowski
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
2022
In this study, dedicated methods of parameter estimation were used to identify the coefficients of continuous models represented by linear and nonlinear differential equations. The necessary discrete-time approximation of the base model is achieved by appropriately tuned FIR linear integral filters. The resulting discrete descriptions, which retain the original continuous parameterization, can then be identified using the classical least squares procedure. Since, in the presence of correlated noise, the relevant parameter estimates suffer from an asymptotic systematic error, the instrumental variable method is used here to significantly improve the consistency of the estimates. The finally applied algorithm based on the criterion of the smallest sum of absolute values is used to identify linear and nonlinear models in the presence of sporadic measurement errors. In summary, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated by means of numerical tests.
Rethinking Sustainable Cities at Night: Paradigm Shifts in Urban Design and City Lighting
- Karolina Zielińska-Dąbkowska
- Katarzyna Bobkowska
2022 Pełny tekst Sustainability
Since the establishment of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, various perspectives on sustainable cities have been developed and adopted in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future. However, background research has revealed that these goals and targets are limited because they do not take into account the growing body of lighting-related research in diverse fields on the impact of outdoor illumination on humans, flora and fauna. Recently, exterior lighting has been also linked to environmental degradation and as an indirect contributor to the current climate change emergency. Therefore, this study aims, by using online interviews with over 50 experts who work in the field of artificial light at night (ALAN), to assess whether the SDG objectives adequately reflect the latest knowledge about sustainable cities. The Elsevier 2021 SDG mapping matrix was used to find the correlation between the keywords that define each SDG and the keywords used by a group of international experts. This work suggests there are missing targets in current SDGs, especially SDG 11, connected to sustainable cities and communities. It also offers useful guidance on how to rethink the existing approach of cities that aim for sustainability, by applying eight (8) key aspects of urban lighting for healthier and environmentally responsible outdoor illumination, by means of a correct design process, along with a five-step strategic plan of action. The crucial role of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration with experts has also been outlined, via the inclusion of new actors such as lighting professionals and researchers, who are currently absent in this important discourse