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Rheology of Variable Viscosity‐Based Mixed Convective Inclined Magnetized Cross Nanofluid with Varying Thermal Conductivity
- Adil Darvesh
- Tanveer Sajid
- Wasim Jamshed
- Assad Ayub
- Zahir Shah
- Mohamed Eid
- Syed M. Hussain
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Marek Krawczuk
2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel
Cross nanofluid possesses an extraordinary quality among the various fluidic models to explore the key characteristics of flowing fluid during very low and very high shear rates and its viscosity models depend upon shear rate. The current study establishes the numerical treatment regarding variable viscosity‐based mixed convective inclined magnetized Cross nanofluid with var‐ ying thermal conductivities over the moving permeable surface. Along with variable thermal con‐ ductivities, we considered thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and the Brownian motion effect. An inclined magnetic field was launched for velocity scrutiny and the heat transfer fact was numeri‐ cally seen by mixed convective conditions. Similarity variables were actioned on generated PDEs of the physical model and conversion was performed into ODEs. Numerical results showed that the frictional force and Nusselt quantity considerably influence the skinning heat transfer processes over the geometry of a moving permeable surface. Furthermore, less velocity was noticed for the greater suction parameter and the Brownian motion parameter corresponds to lower mass transport.
Ribes nigrum L. Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Action Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles
- Zaruhi Hovhannisyan
- Marina Timotina
- Jemma Manoyan
- Lilit Gabrielyan
- Margarit Petrosyan
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
- Claus Jacob
- Mikayel Ginovyan
- Karen Trchounian
- Naira Sahakyan
- Muhammad Jawad Nasim
2022 Pełny tekst Antibiotics-Basel
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) represent one of the most widely employed metal-based engineered nanomaterials with a broad range of applications in different areas of science. Plant extracts (PEs) serve as green reducing and coating agents and can be exploited for the generation of Ag NPs. In this study, the phytochemical composition of ethanolic extract of black currant (Ribes nigrum) leaves was determined. The main components of extract include quercetin rutinoside, quercetin hexoside, quercetin glucuronide, quercetin malonylglucoside and quercitrin. The extract was subsequently employed for the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Consequently, R. nigrum leaf extract and Ag NPs were evaluated for potential antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and kanamycin-resistant E. coli pARG-25 strains). Intriguingly, the plant extract did not show any antibacterial effect, whilst Ag NPs demonstrated significant activity against tested bacteria. Biogenic Ag NPs affect the ATPase activity and energy-dependent H+-fluxes in both strains of E. coli, even in the presence of N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Thus, the antibacterial activity of the investigated Ag NPs can be explained by their impact on the membrane-associated properties of bacteria.
Robust and Efficient Machine Learning Algorithms for Visual Recognition
- Sebastian Cygert
2022 Pełny tekst
In visual recognition, the task is to identify and localize all objects of interest in the input image. With the ubiquitous presence of visual data in modern days, the role of object recognition algorithms is becoming more significant than ever and ranges from autonomous driving to computer-aided diagnosis in medicine. Current models for visual recognition are dominated by models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which achieve impressive performance on many benchmarks. However, when deployed to the real world, the performance of these CNN models can drop drastically, lacking the desired robustness property. This is because of the so-called distributional shift, where the test-time data differ from data observed during training, and it poses one of the most important challenges in modern machine learning. At the same time, modern CNN-based models may be too expensive or too slow for general deployment. As such, the goal of this thesis is to develop robust and efficient models for visual object recognition. In the experimental section, the focus is on autonomous driving because of the datasets' availability, and also because the aforementioned problems are essential for autonomous driving. The next goal was to understand the impact of model compression methods is on model accuracy. Model compression works by removing some neurons or filters during training, which improves the inference time, without hurting overall accuracy. It was hypothesized that one of the reasons for this is data imbalance, a~compressed model (with smaller capacity) will firstly remove neurons responsible for recognition of less-common data. The experimental section found that using data balancing methods helped to improve the accuracy of some classes.
Robust Object Detection with Multi-input Multi-output Faster R-CNN
- Sebastian Cygert
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2022
Recent years have seen impressive progress in visual recognition on many benchmarks, however, generalization to the out-of-distribution setting remains a significant challenge. A state-of-the-art method for robust visual recognition is model ensembling. However, recently it was shown that similarly competitive results could be achieved with a much smaller cost, by using multi-input multi-output architecture (MIMO). In this work, a generalization of the MIMO approach is applied to the task of object detection using the general-purpose Faster R-CNN model. It was shown that using the MIMO framework allows building strong feature representation and obtains very competitive accuracy when using just two input/output pairs. Furthermore, it adds just 0.5% additional model parameters and increases the inference time by 15.9% when compared to the standard Faster R-CNN. It also works comparably to or outperforms the Deep Ensemble approach in terms of model accuracy, robustness to out-of-distribution setting, and uncertainty calibration when the same number of predictions is used. This work opens up avenues for applying the MIMO approach in other high-level tasks such as semantic segmentation and depth estimation.
Robust Object Detection with Multi-input Multi-output Faster R-CNN
- Sebastian Cygert
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2022 Pełny tekst
Recent years have seen impressive progress in visual recognition on many benchmarks, however, generalization to the out-of-distribution setting remains a significant challenge. A state-of-the-art method for robust visual recognition is model ensembling. However, recently it was shown that similarly competitive results could be achieved with a much smaller cost, by using multi-input multi-output architecture (MIMO). In this work, a generalization of the MIMO approach is applied to the task of object detection using the general-purpose Faster R-CNN model. It was shown that using the MIMO framework allows building strong feature representation and obtains very competitive accuracy when using just two input/output pairs. Furthermore, it adds just 0.5% additional model parameters and increases the inference time by 15.9% when compared to the standard Faster R-CNN. It also works comparably to or outperforms the Deep Ensemble approach in terms of model accuracy, robustness to out-of-distribution setting, and uncertainty calibration when the same number of predictions is used. This work opens up avenues for applying the MIMO approach in other high-level tasks such as semantic segmentation and depth estimation.
Role of the Synergistic Interactions of Environmental Pollutants in the Development of Cancer
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas‐Rangel
- Jenni Viivi Linnea‐Niemi
- Błażej Kudłak
- Michael Williams
- Jörgen Jönsson
- Helgi B. Schiöth
2022 Pełny tekst GeoHealth
There is a growing awareness that the large number of environmental pollutants we are exposed to on a daily basis are causing major health problems. Compared to traditional studies that focus on individual pollutants, there are relatively few studies on how pollutants mixtures interact. Several studies have reported a relationship between environmental pollutants and the development of cancer, even when pollutant levels are below toxicity reference values. The possibility of synergistic interactions between different pollutants could explain how even low concentrations can cause major health problems. These intricate that molecular interactions can occur through a wide variety of mechanisms, and our understanding of the physiological effects of mixtures is still limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent reports that address possible synergistic interactions between different types of environmental pollutants that could promote cancer development. Our literature studies suggest that key biological pathways are frequently implicated in such processes.
Rotational molding of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with copper slag as a waste filler from metallurgical industry
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Aleksander Hejna
- Joanna Aniśko
- Jacek Andrzejewski
- Adam Piasecki
- Olga Mysiukiewicz
- Małgorzata Bąk
- Bartosz Gapiński
- Zaida Ortega
2022 Pełny tekst POLYMER TESTING
The research work carried out so far indicates the ever wider possibilities and demand for shaping composite products in the rotational molding technology. This trend was the main reason to use waste-based filler from the metallurgical process as a filler for manufacturing polylactide (PLA)-based remolded composites. Copper slag (CS) was introduced in the single-step processing method to PLA matrix at 5, 10, 20, and 35 wt%. The rotomolded composites with different filler content were subjected to in-depth structural analysis discussed in relationship with mechanical and thermomechanical properties changes. Evaluation of the composite structures by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D computer tomography (3D CT) analyses showed that incorporating up to 10 wt% of the filler did not cause adverse changes in the filler dispersion in the product volume was homogeneous. Lack of unfavorable structural changes in composites with concentrations of up to 20 wt% was related to the rheological properties of the composition. Except for series with the highest filler content (35 wt%), the produced composites were characterized by increased stiffness and hardness than rotomolded parts made from pure PLA. Despite the deterioration of the tensile strength of composite materials using higher filler concentrations, the mechanical performance of 5 and 10 wt% showed an acceptable level while increasing the stiffness by about 15% compared to neat PLA. Moreover, it was shown that the interfacial adhesion between PLA and CS, despite the lack of surface modification of the filler waste, was advantageous.
Rozwój diagnostyki termicznej metodami detekcji podczerwieni i wdrożenie procedur nieinwazyjnej, ilościowej diagnostyki podczerwieni w monitoringu zabiegów kardiochirurgicznych, leczeniu ran oparzeniowych i pooperacyjnych
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Antoni Nowakowski
2022 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
Celem naukowym prowadzonych prac był rozwój algorytmów i procedur diagnostyki termicznej drogą bezkontaktowych pomiarów termicznych w podczerwieni, w celu wdrożenia ich do obiektywnej, ilościowej, nieuraźnej i bezstresowej oceny stanu tkanki w wybranych aplikacjach diagnostyki medycznej. Opracowane metody zweryfikowano w następujących aplikacjach medycznych: w ocenie głębokości oparzeń, w ocenie stanu mięśnia sercowego w zabiegach pomostowania tętnic wieńcowych metodami klasycznymi, jak również małoinwazyjnymi oraz w innych zabiegach na otwartym sercu; w ocenie stanu i postępów gojenia się ran pooperacyjnych, w tym po interwencjach kardiochirurgicznych. Prace badawcze wykazały, że metody termiczne (aktywna termografia dynamiczna) mają doskonałe właściwości różnicowania tkanek, porównywalne z jakością referencyjnej metody, jaką są badania histopatologiczne. Metody termiczne są całkowicie nieinwazyjne oraz umożliwiają szybki, obiektywny i rozległy przestrzennie pomiar oraz klasyfikację rany, a także właściwą ilościową dokumentację przebiegu leczenia. Takie badanie można wielokrotnie powtarzać bez szkody dla pacjenta oraz personelu. Metodę zweryfikowano klinicznie w Gdańskim Uniwersytecie Medycznym, w klinikach: Chirurgii Plastycznej, Chirurgii Onkologicznej, Kardiochirurgii i Chirurgii Naczyniowej oraz w Zachodniopomorskim Centrum Leczenia Ciężkich Oparzeń i Chirurgii Plastycznej w Gryficach. Rezultatem prac jest opracowanie, optymalizacja i implementacja prototypowej aparatury i oprogramowania nadającego się do wdrożenia produkcyjnego i aplikacji w warunkach klinicznych.
Rozwój podejścia proekologicznego w projektowaniu urbanistycznym i architektonicznym.
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
2022
Rozdział dotyczy rozwoju tendencji w podejściu projektowania z uwzględnieniem kryteriów ekologicznych. Zapoczątkowane w połowie XX wieku wciąż się rozwija, wzrasta liczba kryteriów oraz przesuwają się towarzyszące im akcenty. W artykule wskazano kryteria obecnie uważane za kluczowe. Odniesiono je następnie do elementów projektowych zawartych w prezentowanym w monogrrafii zestawie koncepcji studencki dotyczących nowej dzielnicy Rumi.
S09-4 The development of the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI): a tool for monitoring and benchmarking government policies and actions to improve physical activity
- Catherine B Woods
- Liam Kelly
- Kevin Volf
- Peter Gelius
- Sven Messing
- Sarah Forberger
- Jeroen Lakerveld
- Nicole den Braver
- Joanna Żukowska
- Enrique García Bengoechea
2022 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Background Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a global issue for health. A multifaceted response, including government action, is essential to improve population levels of PA. The purpose of this study was to develop the ‘Physical Activity Environment Policy Index’ (PA-EPI) monitoring framework to assess government policies and actions for creating a healthy PA environment. Methods An iterative process was undertaken. This involved a review of policy documents from authoritative organisations, a policy audit of four European countries, and systematic reviews of scientific literature. This was followed by an online consultation with academic experts (N = 101; 20 countries, 72% response rate), and policymakers (N = 40, 4 EU countries). During this process, consensus workshops where quantitative and qualitative data alongside theoretical and pragmatic considerations were used to inform PA-EPI development. Results The PA-EPI is conceptualised as a two-component ‘policy’ and ‘infrastructure support’ framework. The two components comprise eight policy and seven infrastructure support domains. The policy domains are education, transport, urban design, healthcare, public education (including mass media), sport-for-all, workplaces and community. The infrastructure support domains are leadership, governance, monitoring and intelligence, funding and resources, platforms for interaction, workforce development, and health-in-all-policies. Forty-five ‘good practice statements’ (GPS) or indicators of ideal good practice within each domain concludes the PA-EPI. A potential eight-step process for conducting the PA-EPI is described. Conclusions Once pre-tested and piloted in several countries of various sizes and income levels, the PA-EPI GPS will evolve into benchmarks established by governments at the forefront of creating and implementing policies to address inactivity.
Scaled agile framework. Dealing with software process‐related challenges of a financial group with the action research approach
- Michał Kowalczyk
- Bartosz Marcinkowski
- Adam Przybyłek
2022 Pełny tekst Journal of Software-Evolution and Process
This article reports on a domain-specific software development venture at Nordea. We explore organizational constraints, challenges, and corrective actions undertaken when scaling the agile development approach of their Core Banking Platform program. The fit and required customizations of the rather complex and rigid SAFe framework in a policy-heavy financial institution are audited against the organic growth of the program. In a qualitative study with three cycles using the Action Research method, both organizational and technical restrictions were tackled jointly with the company employees. Thirty-four potential solutions were developed—some of which turned out to be dead-ends. Ultimately, the effectiveness of prior recommendations was tested in a highly challenging implementation environment, and the list of guidelines was extended. We discovered several meeting and collaboration schemes that are not fully aligned with previous reports.
Scheduling on Uniform and Unrelated Machines with Bipartite Incompatibility Graphs
- Tytus Pikies
- Hanna Furmańczyk
2022
The problem of scheduling jobs on parallel machines under an incompatibility relation is considered in this paper. In this model, a binary relation between jobs is given and no two jobs that are in the relation can be scheduled on the same machine. We consider job scheduling under the incompatibility relation modeled by a bipartite graph, under the makespan optimality criterion, on uniform and unrelated machines. Unrelated machines are considered first. An FPTAS for R2|G=bipartite|Cmax is provided. We also show that for any ϵ>0,b>0 and m≥3 , there is no polynomial-time algorithm of approximation ratio O(nbp1−ϵmax) for Rm|G = bipartite |Cmax , unless P = NP. Uniform machines are considered as second. For any ϵ>0 , we show that under P = NP assumption there is no polynomial-time O(n1/2−ϵ )-approximation algorithm, even in the case of unit time jobs. We also provide a polynomial-time Σpj−−−√ -approximation algorithm for the case of jobs of arbitrary lengths pj , matching the established bound. To enrich the analysis, bipartite graphs generated randomly according to Gilbert's model Gn,n,p(n) are considered. We show that there exists an algorithm producing a schedule with makespan almost surely at most twice the optimum for a broad class of p(n) functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of randomly generated graphs in the context of scheduling in the considered model.
Scheduling with Complete Multipartite Incompatibility Graph on Parallel Machines: Complexity and Algorithms
- Tytus Pikies
- Krzysztof Turowski
- Marek Kubale
2022 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
In this paper, the problem of scheduling on parallel machines with a presence of incompatibilities between jobs is considered. The incompatibility relation can be modeled as a complete multipartite graph in which each edge denotes a pair of jobs that cannot be scheduled on the same machine. The paper provides several results concerning schedules, optimal or approximate with respect to the two most popular criteria of optimality: (makespan) and (total completion time). The problems are considered for a variety of machine types: identical, uniform and unrelated. The results consist of delimitation of the easy (polynomial) and NP-hard problems within these constraints. Also, polynomial-time exact algorithms are provided for easier problems and algorithms with a guaranteed constant worst-case approximation ratio for harder ones. In particular, there is provided a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for scheduling with respect to on uniform machines, when the number of parts (i.e. sets of vertices constituting the mentioned graph) is bounded. The problem is addressed by developing a linear programming relaxation technique with appropriate rounding. This technique together with an exhaustive search (albeit in a manner controlled by the precision parameter) allows to provide the desired algorithm. For a PTAS is provided for the case of unit time jobs, but when the number of parts is part of the input. Interestingly, the latter result shows a connection between the considered problem of scheduling and covering problems.
Schronienia. Modelowanie struktur bionicznych warsztaty kreatywne
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
- Anna Górka
- Magdalena Szarejko
2022
Warsztaty miały na celu przemyślenie i odnalezienie związków pomiędzy naturalnym ukształtowaniem krajobrazu, elementami przyrody ożywionej i nieożywionej. Uczestnicy wykonali studia rysunkowe elementów zastanych w miejscowości Piotrowo podczas zajęć terenowych. Następnie stworzono niewielkie formy gliniane, kolejno lokowane w wybranym, analizowanym uprzednio miejscu. Powstały propozycje obiektów bionicznych o możliwym architektonicznym przeznaczeniu użytkowym jako siedzib ludzkich dopasowanych do studiowanego miejsca.
Screw displacement pile shaft deformations measured by vibrating wire and fiber optic systems during a static load test
- Mateusz Wiszniewski
- Adam Krasiński
2022 Pełny tekst
This paper describes a full scale static load test performed on a 400 mm diameter screw displacement pile equipped with four different strain measuring systems. Three types of vibrating wire strain gauges (VWSG) were used: global - retrievable, local attached to steel pipe and local concrete embedded. The fourth system was distributed fiber optic sensors based on Rayleigh back scattering (DFOS) - three in the pile cross section. It is generally assumed that the combined cross section deforms equally. However, especially in the upper part of the pile, stress and therefore strain distribution might be non-uniform. In the case of steel tube (installed centrally in the pile axis), additional sliding effect may occur. Pile bending and local shaft imperfection may also affect strain readings, therefore using multiple gauges in a single plane might be necessary for proper result interpretation. Those assumptions were verified in the paper as the differences in readings have significant influence on final load distribution interpretation. Adaptation of several strain measurement techniques in one test allowed their applicability assessment and effectiveness verification.
Search for identity of Pomeranian house by means of educational activities
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
- Robert Idem
2022 Pełny tekst AIP Conference Proceedings
Architecture is a universal phenomenon and is a culture-creating field closely related to other fields of art. Hence, experiencing and feeling identity are also conditioned by the proper formation of architectural objects, which are carriers specific values which co-decide about the possibility of this experience occurring in connection with a specific place and the fulfilment of a specific need in it. In the era of ubiquitous thoughtless consumption and common avoidance of the written word, objects belonging to the material culture that architecture co-creates become essential objects in the process of conveying ideas and specific content. Belonging to a place, cultural group, community or regional community is reflected in consciously designed spatial forms. However, in order to ensure this awareness, the above-mentioned issues should be included in the general education as part of expanding knowledge about regional planning, but also the knowledge of regional architectural forms and settlement systems. The Pomeranian home experience can be related to two contrasting situations. First of all - a former Kashubian village with its regional buildings, where the house was a wooden Kashubian cottage. This architecture, arising from local conditions and culturally embedded in the consciousness of Kashubians, strengthened the sense of identification with the inhabited region and a specific place. Secondly - a contemporary Pomeranian housing estate, built up with multi-frame, prefabricated blocks. It seems that this type of development, devoid of cultural roots in regional traditions, impoverishes personal identification with the inhabited building / apartment. The space of housing estates, as well as neglected buildings in some villages await revalorization. A lost identity can be searched for by caring for valuable housing based on knowledge of architecture and regional settlement. The authors will present a publication made as part of the project entitled "ZASPA: house in a block of flats. The spaces of architecture. " In line with its assumptions, the issue of the residence of inmates in the region was raised. The book entitled "Block and hut: wandering" is an educational material for children from higher grades of primary schools. It provides knowledge about the regional form of the Kashubian house and settlement forms typical of the area. At the same time, contemporary settlement forms are shown - housing estates.
Seasonal Patterns and Trends in Dermatoses in Poland
- Krzysztof Bartosz Klimiuk
- Dawid Krefta
- Karol Kołkowski
- Karol Flisikowski
- Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło
- Łukasz Balwicki
2022 Pełny tekst International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The amount of data available online is constantly increasing, including search behavior and tracking trends in domains such as Google. Analyzing the data helps to predict patient needs and epidemiological events more accurately. Our study aimed to identify dermatology-related terms that occur seasonally and any search anomalies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: The data were gathered using Google Trends, with 69 entries between January-2010 and December-2020 analyzed. We conducted the Seasonal Mann–Kendal Test to determine the strength of trends. The month with the highest seasonal component (RSV) and the lowest seasonal component (RSV) was indicated for every keyword. Groups of keywords occurring together regularly at specific periods of the year were shown. Results: We found that some topics were seasonally searched in winter (e.g., herpes, scabies, candida) and others in summer (e.g., erythema, warts, urticaria). Conclusions: Interestingly, downward trends in searches on sexually transmitted diseases in comparison with increased infection rates reported officially show a strong need for improved sexual education in Poland. There were no significant differences in trends for coronavirus-related cutaneous symptoms during 2020. We have shown that the seasonality of dermatologically related terms searched in Poland via Google did not differ significantly during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Segmentacja obrazów medycznych przy ograniczonej liczbie adnotacji
- Tomasz Gruzdzis
- Krzysztof Wicki
- Patrycja Gładkowska
- Tomasz Boiński
2022
W dziedzinie badań klinicznych i opieki zdrowotnej tradycyjne podejście w uczeniu głębokim polegające na wykorzystaniu dużych zbiorów danych jest trudne w realizacji. Przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy są koszty znakowania obrazów medycznych, zwłaszcza w przypadku segmentacji obrazów medycznych. Jest to żmudna operacja, która zazwyczaj wymaga intensywnego znakowania pikseli wykonanego przez ekspertów – lekarzy. W tym rozdziale zaprezentowano podejście bazujące na wykorzystaniu metod uczenia maszynowego w semantycznej segmentacji obrazów medycznych. Celem badań była taka realizacja segmentacji, aby zminimalizować konieczną liczbę pełnych adnotacji na wybranym zbiorze danych. W tym celu zaproponowano użycie sieci nnU-Net. Skupiono się na zbadaniu, czy uczenie modelu z wykorzystaniem ograniczonej liczby adnotacji jest możliwe.
Seismic gap between buildings founded on different soil types experiencing pounding during earthquakes
- Mahmoud Miari
- Robert Jankowski
2022 EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
Several formulas have been suggested in the literature to evaluate the minimum seismic gap that would prevent collisions between adjacent buildings during earthquakes, including those based on the absolute sum of the peak displacements (ABS), square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), the double difference method (DDC), Australian code, and approach proposed by Naderpour et al. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of the seismic gap on the behavior of buildings experiencing pounding, as well as verify the accuracy of these five formulas for structures founded on different soil types. Three buildings (4-story, 6-story and 8-story buildings) were considered and three pounding scenarios were modeled. In the first part of the study, these three pounding scenarios were analyzed by considering three different seismic gaps (1 mm, 1 cm, and 1 m). In the second part, the accuracy of the aforementioned formulas was verified for buildings founded on different soil types (hard rock, rock, very dense soil and soft rock, stiff soil, and soft clay soil). The results indicated that the seismic gap had a significant influence on the response of colliding buildings, including the peak story accelerations and pounding forces. Moreover, increasing the gap did not always lead to a reduction in the effects of pounding, unless it was large enough to eliminate structural collisions during earthquakes. In addition, all five formulas were found to provide poor estimates when considering different soil types. The ABS and the Naderpour et al. formulas were found to always be conservative, but they overestimated the minimum gap that would prevent pounding. Moreover, the DDC and Australian code formulas provided overestimate, accurate, and underestimate results, and the SRSS formula provided both accurate and overestimate results.
Selecting wells for an optimal design of groundwater monitoring network based on monitoring priority map: A Kish Island case study
- Hamid Amiri
- Sama Azadi
- Sirus Javadpour
- Ali Asghar Naghavi
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2022 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry
This paper presents a novel approach, i.e. a combination of gamma test and monitoring priority map, for optimal design of groundwater monitoring network (GMN) by considering the cumulative effects of industries, human activities, and natural factors on the groundwater quality. The proposed method was successfully applied to design an optimal network for groundwater salinity monitoring on Kish Island, Persian Gulf. The priority map of groundwater salinity monitoring was obtained based on the GALDIT index and two new factors including the average fluctuation of groundwater electrical conductivity (F) and distance from industries discharging saline effluents (P). The optimal number of monitoring wells was determined using a data analysis based on gamma test method. Then, a practical algorithm was presented to determine the optimal location of monitoring wells. Based on the results, the optimal number of monitoring wells is 110 and their location have an equitable distribution on the whole island.