2022 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2022

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Verification and Benchmarking in MPA Coprocessor Design Process
- Tomasz Stefański
- Kamil Rudnicki
- Wojciech Żebrowski
2022
This paper presents verification and benchmarking required for the development of a coprocessor digital circuit for integer multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). Its code is developed, with the use of very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), as an intellectual property core. Therefore, it can be used by a final user within their own computing system based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The coprocessor is still under development and its open-source code is available on the Internet, based on the Mozilla Public License. Therefore, verification and benchmarking of the coprocessor code are vitally important issues as the sources are continually downloaded by users all over the world. In this contribution, we present software tools developed as a part of the system, allowing for detection of errors in the coprocessor code as well as for execution of its benchmarking tests. The research conclusion is that, without well-designed verification and benchmarking software tools, the development of any advanced digital circuit, such as a coprocessor, is actually impossible in realistic time. It stems from the fact that 60% of the project repository include hardware-description codes, whereas the rest of the codes support correct development of the project, i.e., verification and benchmarking in the design process.
Verification of punching shear outside the shear cap by the direct method
- Maciej Grabski
- Andrzej Ambroziak
2022 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering
The proposition of a method to verify the punching resistance for very large supports based on the EN 1992-1-1 standard is described in this paper. The present standard guidelines for the calculation of the punching resistance for large supports are also summarised. The proposed direct method is compared with other standard methods using an example taken from design practice. This method consists of a direct check of the shear forces at specific locations of the control perimeter with the permissible shear force calculated from the EC2 standard. The method showed very good agreement with the experiment while remaining practical for applications. The method presented takes into account the actual distribution of shear forces in the vicinity of the support, taking into account the influence of non-uniform loads, irregular floor geometry, the concentration of internal forces at the corners of the support and the influence of the stiffness of the head used. The paper provides scientists, engineers, and designers new method (called the direct method) for estimation of the punching load-bearing capacity outside the shear cap.
Verification of Satellite Railway Track Position Measurements Making Use of Standard Co-Ordinate Determination Techniques
- Jacek Szmagliński
- Andrzej Wilk
- Władysław Koc
- Krzysztof Karwowski
- Piotr Chrostowski
- Jacek Skibicki
- Sławomir Grulkowski
- Sławomir Judek
- Roksana Licow
- Karolina Makowska-Jarosik
- Michał Michna
- Tadeusz Widerski
2022 Full text Remote Sensing
The article presents the results of satellite railway track position measurements performed by a multidisciplinary research team, the members of which represented Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University. Measuring methods are described which were used for reconstructing the railway track axis position and diagnosing railway track geometry deformations. As well as that, the description of the novel method developed by the authors to perform mobile GNSS measurements is included. The reported research aimed at assessing the uncertainty of railway track axis reconstruction making use of the dynamic GNSS method. To assess the applicability of this method, the obtained results were compared with those from the stationary measurement method used in railway business. The data used for comparison was recorded on the same railway track section during several measurement campaigns. In these campaigns, different types of GNSSs with different position recording frequencies (1–100 Hz) were used at different measurement speeds (5–70 km/h). The performed analysis has shown that the accuracy of railway track axis reconstruction making use of mobile GNSS measurements is sufficient for using this methodology in railway business.
Verification of the method of reconstructing convective velocity fields on the basis of temperature fields in vertical, differential and equally heated, open and closed channels
- Krzysztof Tesch
- Michał Ryms
- Witold Lewandowski
2022 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
This paper describes a method of reconstructing velocity fields, i.e. a numerical reconstruction procedure (NRP) that involves the numerical processing of experimentally measured temperature distributions in free convection heat transfer. The NRP consists in solving only the continuity and Navier–Stokes equations with an additional source term. This term is proportional to a known temperature (e.g. from a thermal imaging camera) and replaces the Fourier–Kirchhoff equation, which also means that the NRP does not require boundary conditions associated with the temperature to be formulated. In order to verify the NRP, the experimental results of two published cases were taken into consideration. In the first case, the temperature and velocity distributions were determined during free convection heat transfer in a closed cavity, i.e. in a vertical channel formed between differentially heated plates. Subsequently, the velocity distributions obtained by the NRP were compared directly with the experimental results. However, in order to verify the correctness of this method for the entire field, not just for the individual locations, free convection heat transfer measurements in an open channel formed between two isothermal, equally heated plates were considered. A thermal imaging camera was used to detect the temperature field in air. In this case, verification of the NRP method required the results obtained in the form of a reconstructed velocity field to be compared with a field obtained using standard numerical calculations (SNC). Importantly, the NRP provides new opportunities for thermal imaging cameras equipped with a mesh for air temperature detection, for example, the visualisation of air velocity fields in free convective heat transfer.
Vernacular and low-tech technologies in humanitarian architecture on the example of Senegal
- Robert Idem
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
- Aleksandra Karpińska
2022 Full text Architectus
Humanitarian architecture belongs to the broader trend of socially engaged architecture, whose main goal is to introduce new values to the quality of life of particular communities. Specifically, humanitarian architecture deals with aid to poverty-stricken communities. The context of economic constraints poses a particular challenge to architects and builders. It is a matter of natural necessity to look for cheap, locally available materials and solutions that can be applied by unskilled labor. The above article discusses the applicability of native and low-tech technologies as basic con- struction methods for humanitarian architecture. The research focuses on Senegal, located in West Africa. The article aims to identify material and construction solutions in buildings related to humanitarian aid and social support on behalf of the local community, erected or designed in Senegal. An analysis of four examples in Senegal was conducted, namely, two implemented facilities and two planned ones. The basic criteria for the analysis were provided by the social purpose these objects serve, as well as by the materials and technologies applied. The conclusions concern the types and scope of vernacular and low-tech technologies applied, as well as the correlation between the analyzed objects’ design and construction and sustainable development
VI Sympozjum Historii Elektryki
- Agnieszka Leszczewicz
2022 Full text Pismo PG
Sympozjum Historii Elektryki jest cykliczną konferencją organizowaną z inicjatywy Centralnej Komisji Historycznej Stowarzyszenia Elektryków Polskich, której celem jest upowszechnianie dorobku i historii oraz podkreślenie roli zasłużonych postaci dla rozwoju elektryki w Polsce. Pracownicy Politechniki Gdańskiej biorą udział w sympozjach od pierwszej edycji. VI Sympozjum Historii Elektryki w 2022 odbyło się w Katowicach i było głównym punktem jubileuszowych X Katowickich Dni Elektryki.
Vibration-Based Investigation of a Historic Bell Tower to Understand the Occurrence of Damage
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Milena Drozdowska
- Czesław Szymczak
2022 International Journal of Architectural Heritage
ABSTRACT The paper presents a survey of the historic Arch-cathedral bell tower in Vilnius induced by the appearance of cracks in the structure after a new bell system installation. An attempt is undertaken to identify the reason for the crack occurrence and to check a possible crack influence on global structural behaviour. The research is based on dynamic measurements made in the tower during ambient vibrations and during vibrations caused by swinging bells. The amplitudes of the accelerations and the spectral peaks due to the ambient and excited vibrations are compared. Magnification of the first spectral peak due to bells swinging points at resonance. The root-meansquare analysis is conducted to detect the tower section most vulnerable to swinging bells. The modal curvature approach applied to the first mode shape serves as the damage indicator. The algorithm locates damage in the region of the cracks observed in the tower; thus, the cracks are considered structural. The research proves the necessity of a dynamic survey in similar cases before important decisions are undertaken regarding the replacement of the bell system.
Video of LEGO Bricks on Conveyor Belt Dataset Series
- Tomasz Boiński
2022 Full text
The dataset series titled Video of LEGO bricks on conveyor belt is composed of 14 datasets containing video recordings of a moving white conveyor belt. The recordings were created using a smartphone camera in Full HD resolution. The dataset allows for the preparation of data for neural network training, and building of a LEGO sorting machine that can help builders to organise their collections.
Virtual immersive environments
- Jacek Lebiedź
2022
Yet a higher level of active systems may be achieved when users are fully immersed in an interface which is a 3D computer generated virtual world and can interact with surrounding objects of that world as they were in a real one. This is the issue covered by Chapter 7. Interaction in such a world is both multidimensional and multimodal, with the possibility of free movement of the user in any direction and the simultaneous stimulation of several of his/her senses, most often sight, hearing, touch and sense of balance. Moreover, all the techniques discussed previously in Chapters 4-6 may be integrated in the virtual worlds to do both, inducing a specific behavior of the immersed user and providing feedback from the user to the 3D scene generation system. Numerous examples of such applications are presented and discussed in the chapter (from the Preface by Bogdan Wiszniewski, p. iii)
Vision Zero in Poland
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Aleksandra Romanowska
- Lech Michalski
- Joanna Żukowska
2022 Full text
Poland’s experience of road safety work is relatively short. In the early 1990s road deaths soared to a staggering 8000 a year. A diagnosis found that Poland’s lack of systemic road safety action was to blame for those figures. In response, the state set up road safety bodies and commissioned road safety programs. In 2005, Poland followed the example of Sweden and adopted Vision Zero as a far-reaching concept of changes in road safety. The work that followed helped to improve the situation and reach less than 3000 fatalities in 2015. Despite that, for years Poland has been notorious for its road accident deaths, which are some of the highest in the EU. Poland has had its share of both successes and failures. The results of road safety policies are still below the expectations and many problems have not been solved. Road accidents are not considered a major problem. As a consequence, they are low on political agendas and the institutions remain ineffective due to a sense of collective responsibility for road safety problems. Achieving Vision Zero will require many changes, learning from past mistakes, taking advantage of the experience of the best performing countries, and, above all, taking effective and efficient actions with their systematic monitoring. This chapter is a summary of the last 30 years of road safety work in Poland. It presents a diagnosis of Poland’s problems, an assessment of the policies so far, and the likelihood of achieving the assumptions of Vision Zero in the future. Building on this, recommendations are given on the next steps Poland should take to improve its road safety.
Voltage profiles improvement in a power network with PV energy sources – results of a voltage regulator implementation
- Agata Szultka
- Seweryn Szultka
- Stanisław Czapp
- Robert Karolak
- Marcin Andrzejewski
- Jacek Kapitaniak
- Marcin Kulling
- Jan Bonk
2022 Full text ENERGIES
The constant increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in distribution networks is the cause of serious voltage problems. The networks built at least a dozen years ago are not provided for the installation of a large number of micro-sources. It happens that the previously properly functioning power networks are not able to provide to consumers power with the required parameters, after installing many PV sources. The problem relates especially to the level of voltage in the networks. This phenomenon sometimes occurs on sunny days, especially in summer. This paper discusses the use of a Low-Voltage Regulator (LVR-sys) in a selected rural distribution network with PV micro-sources. Measured voltage levels in this network, before application and after application of this regulator, are presented. The application of the regulator significantly improved voltage levels in the network and enabled these levels to be maintained within the normative range.
Volumetric incorporation of NV diamond emitters in nanostructured F2 glass magneto-optical fiber probes
- Adam Filipkowski
- Mariusz Mrózek
- Grzegorz Stępniewski
- Jakub Kierdaszuk
- Aneta Drabińska
- Tanvi Karpate
- Maciej Głowacki
- Mateusz Ficek
- Wojciech Gawlik
- Ryszard Buczyński
- Adam M. Wojciechowski
- Robert Bogdanowicz
- Mariusz Klimczak
2022 Full text CARBON
Integration of optically-active diamond particles with glass fibers is a powerful method of scaling diamond's magnetic sensing functionality. We propose a novel approach for the integration of diamond particles containing nitrogen-vacancy centers directly into the fiber core. The core is fabricated by stacking the preform from 790 soft glass canes, drawn from a single rod dip-coated with submicron diamond particles suspended in isopropyl alcohol. This enables manual control over the distribution of nanoscale features, here – the diamond particles across the optical fiber core. We verify this by mapping the diamond distribution in the core using confocal microscopy. The particles are separated longitudinally by 12–29 μm, while in the transverse plane a separation of approximately 1.5–2.2 μm is observed, corresponding to the individual cane diameter in the final fiber, and without significant agglomeration. The fiber's magnetic sensitivity is confirmed in optically detected magnetic resonance recorded with a coiled, 60-cm-long fiber sample with readout contrast of 1.3% limited by microwave antenna coverage. Moreover, magnetic-field dependence of the NV─ fluorescence intensity is demonstrated in the absence of microwaves magnetic, allowing magnetometric applications with a large (from 0 to 35 mT) B-field dynamic range.
W klimacie zmian
- Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
2022 Architektura-Murator
Artykuł ma charakter popularnonaukowy. Dotyczy tendencji projektowania i budowania obiektów architektonicznych zgodnie z tendencjami środowiskowymi. Prezentuje ewolucje podejścia, która zaobserwować można w ciąg ostatnich 30 lat oraz zarysowuje tendencje na przyszłości.
Wage determination, Global Value Chains and role played by wage bargaining schemes: The case of Poland
- Dagmara Nikulin
- Anna Wolszczak
2022 Full text Economics and Business Review
This study examines the linkages between GVC involvement and wages in Poland given different wage bargaining schemes. The analysis is based on microdata from the European Structure of Earnings Survey for Poland combined with sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database. In particular, two measures of GVC involvement were used: the share of foreign value added (FVA) to export and the measure of traditional offshoring. The institutional settings are represented by the wage bargaining scheme which reflects the level at which the collective pay is agreed. The results show that despite the lack of a significant relationship between the sectoral involvement in GVC and the level of wages in Poland, on average workers covered by the collective pay agreement receive higher wages. Moreover, the wage-GVC nexus is conditioned on the type of pay agreements: the positive wage effect from national agreements is eliminated for a certain range of GVC intensity.
Walizka – nocny Bagaż…SEN, Galeria Szklarnia, Szkoła Filmowa w Łodzi
- Dominika Krechowicz
2022
Walizka – nocny Bagaż…SEN, Galeria Szklarnia, Szkoła Filmowa w Łodzi, 20.04 - 31.05.2022. Wystawa w ramach projektu "Walizka". http://www.szklarniaszkolyfilmowej.pl/wystawa/31 Koncepcja wystawy - prof. dr hab.Zbigniew Szot.
Wall of Love
- Krzysztof Wróblewski
2022
Swoistym nawiązaniem do monumentalnych realizacji Krzysztofa Wróblewskiego w przestrzeni publicznej jest obraz Wall of love. To pokryta mozaiką z trójkątów i rombów ściana z napisami love. Ale ściana miłości może być zarówno nawiązaniem do popkulturowego banału, w jaki zamieniło się słowo love albo alternatywą dla dzielących ludzi murów.
warsztaty "DOMEK LICHA: KASZUBSKIE SCHRONIENIE"
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2022
Po krótkiej prelekcji o uwarunkowaniach kaszubskich przedstawiony został koncept postaci – kaszubskiego Licha do indywidualnej wizualizacji/ kreacji. Następnie każdy uczestnik/ uczestniczka stworzył plastyczny obraz Licha na przygotowanej karcie pracy i naszkicuje dla niego koncepcję domku – w lesie/ na polu/ nad jeziorem na Kaszubach. Wówczas uczestnicy zostali zapoznani z przygotowanymi dla nich materiałami – naturalnymi i ‘przemysłowo-produktowymi’ również ‘recyklingowymi’ poprzez wskazanie ich cech i walorów obiektywnych. Ostatnim – kluczowym – etapem warsztatów było stworzenie modelu domku dla Licha wpasowanego w realia kaszubskie i dopasowanego do tej postaci. Jedynym ograniczeniem pozostała dziecięca wyobraźnia.
Waste management in the mining industry of metals ores, coal, oil and natural gas - A review
- Szymon Kalisz
- Katarzyna Kibort
- Joanna Mioduska
- Marek Lieder
- Aleksandra Małachowska
2022 Full text JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Waste generated due to mining activity poses a serious issue due to the large amounts generated, even up to 65 billion tons per year, and is often associated with the risk posed by its storage and environmental management. This work aims to review waste management in the mining industry of metals ores, coal, oil and natural gas. It includes an analysis and discussion on the possibilities for reuse of certain types of wastes generated from mining activity, and discusses the benefits, disadvantages and the impact of waste management on the environment. The article presents current methods of waste management arising during the extraction and processing of raw materials and the threats resulting from its application. Furthermore, the potential methods of mining waste management are discussed through an in-depth characterization of the properties and composition of various types of rocks. The presented work addresses not only the issues of more sustainable management of waste from the mining industry, but also responds to the current efforts to implement the assumptions of a circular economy, which is aimed at closing the loop. The methods of recycling by-products and treating waste as a resource more and more often not only meet environmental expectations, but also become a legal requirement. In this respect, the presented work can serve as a valuable support in decision-making about waste management.
Waste tire rubber devulcanization technologies: State-of-the-art, limitations and future perspectives
- Paulina Wiśniewska
- Shifeng Wang
- Krzysztof Formela
2022 Full text WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste tires management is a serious and global environmental problem. Therefore, searching for low-cost and industrial-scale applicable tire recycling methods is gaining more and more attention. Waste tire rubber is valuable source of secondary raw materials for the circular economy and current trends indicate that application of waste rubbers during manufacturing value-added products should increase in near future. Sustainable development of rubber devulcanization technologies and appropriate design of cradle-to-cradle loops for rubber goods are the most promising strategies for achieving a higher level of rubber recycling. This work presents the state-of-the-art in the patented waste tire rubber devulcanization technologies including dynamic desulfurization, reactive extrusion, microwave treatment, and also other less popular methods. Special attention was focused on the used components, rubber treatment conditions and static mechanical properties of reclaimed rubbers. Moreover, environmental aspects and limitations related to rubber devulcanization technologies implementation are also discussed. Our findings showed that reclaimed rubbers described in patents are characterized by higher tensile strength and elongation break (depending on devulcanization technology median: 16.6–19.0 MPa and 321–443%, respectively) compared to the literature data (median: 10.3 MPa and 309%) or commercial products (median: 6.8 MPa and 250%). The significant differences observed in performance properties of reclaimed rubbers resulted mainly from devulcanization efficiency related to waste tires composition or source and rubber treatment conditions. Considering environmental and economic aspects, reactive extrusion is the most promising method further development rubber devulcanization technologies.
Wavelet filtering of signals without using model functions
- Yurii Taranenko
- Nina Rizun
2022 Full text Radioelectronics and Communications Systems
The effective wavelet filtering of real signals is impossible without determining their shape. The shape of a real signal is related to its wavelet spectrum. For shape analysis, a continuous color wavelet spectrogram of signal level is often used. The disadvantage of continuous wavelet spectrogram is the complexity of analyzing a blurry color image. A real signal with additive noise strongly distorts the spectrogram based on continuous wavelet analysis compared to a pure signal. Therefore, the identification of a real signal by using a continuous color wavelet spectrogram is difficult. To solve this problem, for the first time, a comparative analysis of spectrograms of signals and correlation matrices is carried out. The spectrograms of signals are obtained based on continuous wavelet transformation in the form of images with areas of different colors of variable intensity. To filter the identified signal, a recursive algorithm was used, consisting of successive iterations of the filtering parameters in order to reduce the error. The study of the algorithm on groups of twenty special signals showed a decrease in the number of iterations in comparison with known methods. Correlation matrices are computed by using mathematical functions of the coefficients of discrete wavelet spectra