2025 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2025

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Spatial allocation of nature-based solutions in the form of public green infrastructure in relation to the socio-economic district profile–a GIS-based comparative study of Gdańsk and Rome
- Anahita Azadgar
- Giulia Luciani
- Lucyna Nyka
2025 LAND USE POLICY
With increasing environmental and climate change threats to urban areas, Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including public greenery, are becoming integral components of green infrastructure (GI) networks. These solutions provide multiple benefits in different aspects, including stormwater management, enhanced air quality and improved societal well-being, offering cost-effective and adaptable alternatives to resource-intensive and environmentally harmful grey infrastructure. However, their benefits are often unevenly distributed, resulting in patterns of environmental injustice. This article presents a GIS-based study of the spatial allocation of publicly accessible NbS (PNbS), in Gdansk, Poland, and Rome, Italy. It aims at assessing possible correlations between the socio-economic attributes of the urban districts of the two cities and the density of available PNbS in each district. Results indicate disparities in density of PNbS across different socio-economic layers, more relevant in Rome than in Gdansk, and highlight the importance of informed urban planning. The study supports concerns for fair NbS distribution, pointing to the potential exacerbation of social and economic inequalities, which puts socially vulnerable communities at higher risk of being affected by climate hazards. The results provide insights for policymakers, urging a prioritized focus on districts with crucial PNbS needs. Strategies should consider socio-economic factors to address distributive and environmental justice concerns. Overall, the study offers insights to guide urban planning toward climate-resilient and inclusive cities.
Spectrophotometric determination of chlorpyrifos in foodstuffs after vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction using magnetic deep eutectic solvents: Analytical greenness profile
- Nail Altunay
- Adil Elik
- Hameed Haq
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2025 JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
In this work a novel and green vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (VA-SEEME) based on magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) was developed for the determination of chlorpyrifos in foodstuffs by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. MDES (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride: MnCl2: octanoic acid) was used as the extractant, non-ionic surfactant Tween-80 was used as an extraction medium, and ethanol as the eluent solvent. In the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure, a vortex was applied for agitation, and a neodymium magnet was used to separate the MDES from the aqueous solution. Under optimized conditions, a linear dynamic range was obtained in the range of 0.3–260 µg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.09 µg L−1. The intraday and interday precisions of the method, defined as relative standard deviation, ranged from 1.3 % to 2.5 %. The recovery of the spiked sample after the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure ranged from 88±6 % to 98±1 %, and the enrichment factor was obtained as 91-fold. The VA-MDES-SEEME procedure was validated by analysis of the certified reference materials including 7507a-Green Onion and 7508a-Cabbage. The VA-MDES-SEEME procedure is based on inexpensive equipment and green chemicals and is compatible with UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis. The green profile of the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure within the scope of the current study was calculated as 0.71 using AGREE.
Speech intelligibility improvement for public address systems in noisy environments based on automatic gain selection in octave bands
- Józef Kotus
- Grzegorz Szwoch
2025 APPLIED ACOUSTICS
A method of speech intelligibility improvement in public address (PA) systems installed in reverberant acoustic spaces is proposed. The method is mainly intended for systems operating in high background noise levels. The algorithm is based on the near end listening enhancement approach. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is evaluated in the octave frequency bands. Signal levels in the acoustic space are estimated using the measured impulse response of the room. Noise level is measured with the microphone, also a method of noise level estimation in presence of speech is proposed. Based on the calculated SNR values, a set of gain limits is selected, which allows for optimal utilization of the available acoustic power. Finally, gain values for the octave bands are calculated and applied to the speech signal. The overall performance of the proposed method was evaluated in a series of experiments performed in real acoustic spaces. Speech intelligibility was estimated using the STIPA index, measured with and without an additional, high-level noise source. The results indicate that the proposed method improved speech intelligibility in all tested cases, compared with the default PA system, especially in presence of a high-level background noise. The proposed method may be integrated with PA systems equipped with a digital signal processor.
Stabilization Method for Speed Observer of Induction Machine
- Marcin Morawiec
- Lelisa Wogi
- Piotr Kołodziejek
2025 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
This article proposes the speed estimation principles dedicated to the observer structures based on the machine mathematical model. The rotor speed is reconstructed based on the mathematical model of a machine by using both adaptive and nonadaptive schemes. The presented principle is generalized to the classical nonlinear system in the vector form and can be applied to induction machines. The proposed rotor speed reconstruction approach is based on an algebraic relationship, and the observer system mathematical model has the same rank as the induction machine. The speed observer structure can be unstable due to the challenge of stabilizing the sensorless control of the induction machine at low-speed, near zero speed, or in the low-speed regenerating mode of operation. As a result, the new stabilizing functions based on Lagrange identity are proposed in this work to improve the range of observer stability. The proposed approach includes newly developed stabilization mechanisms that ensure observer stability under both motoring and regenerating modes of operations at the low rotor speed and improve the observer range of stability. The Lyapunov theorem is used during the design procedure for stability purposes. The simulation and experimental studies are carried out for an induction machine adaptive and nonadaptive full-order observer. The experimental results show that stable operation of the system is obtained, and the range of observer stability is improved, especially at low-speeds and in a regenerating mode of operation, concluding that the proposed solution is suitable for use in industrial applications.
Strategies for feature-assisted development of topology agnostic planar antennas using variable-fidelity models
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
- Khadijeh Askaripour
- Mariusz Dzwonkowski
- Tom Dhaene
- Ivo Couckuyt
2025 Journal of Computational Science
Design of antennas for contemporary applications presents a complex challenge that integrates cognitive-driven topology development with the meticulous adjustment of parameters through rigorous numerical optimization. Nevertheless, the process can be streamlined by emphasizing the automatic determination of structure geometry, potentially reducing the reliance on traditional methods that heavily rely on engineering insight in the course of antenna development. In this work, which is an extension of our conference paper [1], a specification-oriented design of topologically agnostic antennas is considered by utilizing two strategies focused on bandwidth-specific design and bandwidth-enhanced optimization. The process is embedded within a variable-fidelity framework, where the low-fidelity optimization involves classification of randomly generated topologies, followed by their local tuning using a trust-region algorithm applied to a feature-based representation of structure response. The final result is then tuned using just a handful of high-fidelity simulations. The strategies under consideration were verified on a case study basis concerning automatic generation of three radiators with varying parameters. Benchmarks of the algorithm against more standard optimization methods, as well as comparisons of the obtained topologies with respect to state-of-the-art antennas from literature have also been considered.
Strategies toward Green Deal implementation in the context of SCG reuse and recovery in the circular economy model
- Jakub Drewnowski
- Jun Xu
- Hongyu Mao
- Lurui Chen
- Jacek Mąkinia
- Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak
- Li Xie
2025 Full text Desalination and Water Treatment
The article explores the future outlook on integrating and using a resource database for the recovery and reuse of coffee industry residues, focusing on economic and environmental perspectives within the Circular Economy Model (CEM). With the continuous rise in global coffee consumption, the production of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) has also surged worldwide, presenting significant opportunities for resource recovery and recycling. The reuse of SCG, a solid byproduct of coffee brewing, whether at home or on an industrial scale for soluble coffee production, is the subject of the article. This review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge on SCG output, management, characterization, treatment, and various methods for resource recovery and recycling to enhance understanding of SCG. Recent approaches include biodiesel production, biochar conversion, composting, co-digestion, extraction, as well as utilization in water treatment or construction. Despite these advancements, the SCG research community remains relatively small and disconnected, lacking timely exchange of information. Therefore, the development of high value-added products within the framework of Green Deal Implementation and CEM is strongly encouraged.
Structural insights into fungal and human topoisomerase II with implications for in silico antifungal drug design
- Subrahmanyam Sappati
- Kavya Kondaka
- Iwona Gabriel
- Maciej Bagiński
2025 Scientific Reports
Topoisomerases are essential enzymes regulating DNA supercoiling and disentanglement, critical for genomic integrity. While topoisomerase inhibitors are well-established in anticancer and antibacterial chemotherapy, their potential as antifungal agents remains underexplored or even not proofed. This study investigates structural distinctions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae topoisomerase II (ScTopoII) and human topoisomerase IIα (hTopoIIα), aiming to identify if ScTopoII can be a selective target for antifungal drug development. A comprehensive sequence analysis, extending to various fungal strains and evolutionary ancient organisms, reveals dissimilarities in the transducer and transducer linker domains of these proteins, as well as in the lysine-rich K-loop region. Molecular dynamics simulations emphasize structural differences in the K-loop, α-helix (or helix-like region), and helix supporting loop region, as well as show unique patterns in hydrophilic and hydrophobic intramolecular interactions in ScTopoII. Moreover, phylogenetic comparisons support the importance of specific regions studied. The study includes topos from different organisms, highlighting discrepancies in helix stability near the K-loop and the role of helix supporting loop region. This broad analysis provides insights into the structural basis of human and fungal enzymes presenting potential pharmacophore “hot spots” in ScTopoII which may give hope for developing selective antifungal agents.
Structure, performance, and photooxidative stability of Mater-Bi/brewers' spent grain composites as a function of filler thermomechanical and chemical modification
- Aleksander Hejna
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Paulina Kosmela
- Olga Mysiukiewicz
2025 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
Nowadays, to provide a step towards circularity, the development of sustainable polymer composites should include the application of waste-based materials that can act not only as simple fillers, reducing the use of polymers but also as functional additives, limiting or eliminating the use of synthetic components. Herein, in the presented study, the main by-product of the brewing industry, brewers' spent grain (BSG), was applied as a functional filler for biocomposites based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix – Mater-Bi. To enhance its stabilizing functionalities and interfacial adhesion with the matrix, BSG was subjected to thermomechanical modification in a twin-screw extruder and chemical treatment with isophorone diisocyanate. Combined treatments reduced the interfacial hydrophilicity gap, facilitating melt processing, which was expressed by even a 30 % decrease in melt viscosity. Moreover, despite the incorporation of 30 wt% of low-cost BSG filler, flexural and tensile strength were hardly affected, while moduli increased even by 174 and 139 %, respectively. In situ generation of Maillard reaction products during BSG thermomechanical treatment enhanced the thermal stability of composites in an oxidative atmosphere, shifting degradation onset even by 30 °C. The stabilizing impact was also evidenced by the hindered photooxidative degradation of biocomposites. The unfavorable changes in biocomposites' surface roughness, as well as thermal properties and stability, have been limited by the increasing temperature of BSG thermomechanical treatment. Composites developed in the presented study could be effectively applied in manufacturing disposable or multi-use products, e.g., packaging materials, food containers, or cosmetic accessories like brushes, combs, or toothbrushes.
Study of vibrational surface topography measurement errors of LPBF Inconel 718 alloy after shot peening process
- Przemysław Podulka
- Anna Rudawska
- Wojciech Macek
2025 MEASUREMENT
A study of surface topography can provide valuable information on the product. Since the material finishing relies on the measured topography, the manufacturing process can be controlled by studying the roughness. The Laser Power Bed Fusion (LPBF) materials belong to the commonly used surfaces in the industry. Measuring this type of material with a contactless method can be found in many practical implementations. The white light interference method can be classified as one of the most encouraging surface topography measurement techniques in the last decade. Due to its fast application and data collection, it can be proposed for many demanding production processes. However, this measuring method is fraught with many errors, some caused by external environmental disturbances. One of them is a vibration, which can cause the occurrence of high-frequency measurement noise. This vibrational measuring noise can influence the ISO 25178 surface texture parameters significantly. It was found that the high-frequency noise distorted some surface topography parameters more than 100 %. In this study, the methodology of reduction of vibrational surface topography measurement noise was proposed using general functions and digital filters. Advantages of application of the proposed method against standardized, generally proposed S–filter were indicated. Finally, the new methodology was validated in terms of ISO 25178 surface texture parameters evaluation.
Sub‐Nanometer‐Scale Cu9S5 Enables Efficiently Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
- Chao Feng
- Hanyang Wu
- Jiaxin Shao
- Qihua Huo
- Afaq Hassan
- Hengpan Yang
- Qi Hu
- Chuanxin He
2025 Advanced Energy Materials
The sub-nanometer is a key feature size in materials science. Unlike single-atom and nanomaterials, size effects and inter-component cooperative actions in sub-nanomaterials will effective on its performance is more significant. Here, 0.95 nm ordered arrangement Cu9S5 sub-nanowires (Cu9S5 SNWs) are synthesized through the co-assembly effect of inorganic nuclei (Cu9S5) and clusters (phosphotungstic acid-PTA), achieving a significant increase in the specific surface area of the sample and ≈100% atomic exposure rate, which is the key to its high catalytic activity. PTA clusters not only act as a “charge transfer station” to accelerate the inter-component electron transfer process, but also facilitate the dissociation of water and provide more hydrogen protons, thus dramatically facilitating the electrocatalytic process. The experimental results show that the Cu9S5 SNWs exhibited excellent nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) properties. The Faraday efficiency (FE) of NO3−RR is 90.4% at the optimum potential −0.3 VRHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and the ammonia production is as high as 0.37 mmol h−1 cm−2, which is superior to most reported electrocatalysts. In addition, the Zn-NO3− liquid-flow battery devices assembled using Cu9S5 SNWs as electrode materials show excellent application results. This work provides a reference for the design of highly efficient sub-nanoscale NO3−RR electrocatalysts.
Superconductivity in Ternary Mg4Pd7As6
- Hanna Świątek
- Sylwia Gutowska
- Michał Winiarski
- Bartłomiej Wiendlocha
- Tomasz Klimczuk
2025 Advanced Electronic Materials
The synthesis and characterization of a new compound Mg4Pd7As6, which is found to be a superconductor with Tc = 5.45 K is reported. Powder X-ray diffraction confirms the U4Re7Si6 structure (space group Im-3m, no. 229) with the lattice parameter a = 8.2572(1) Å. Magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements indicate that it is a moderate-coupling ( = 0.72) type-II superconductor. The electronic and phonon structures are calculated, highlighting the importance of antibonding Pd–As interactions in determining the properties of this material. The calculated electron–phonon coupling parameter = 0.76 agrees very well with the experimental finding, which confirms the conventional pairing mechanism in Mg4Pd7As6 .
Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents in extraction processes: a review
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Edyta Słupek
- Sophie Fourmentin
- Jacek Gębicki
2025 Environmental Chemistry Letters
Solvent selection is essential for industrial and analytical extraction processes to ensure environmental safety and neutrality. Nevertheless, toxic and hazardous solvents are often used, due to their cost-effectiveness and ready availability. In green chemistry, alternative solvents such as supramolecular deep eutectic solvents are gaining attention due to their superior performance compared with traditional non-green solvents in certain applications. Here we review the use of supramolecular deep eutectic solvents as a green solvent for analytical and industrial liquid–liquid extraction processes, with focus on physicochemical properties, extraction conditions, the capacity factor, the enrichment factor, fuel desulfurization, extraction of biological active compounds, lignin valorization, and sample preparation.
Surface Charge Density Spectra: Complex Analysis of the Electrical Double Layer Developed from Measurements of Hexanol Adsorption Kinetics
- Kazimierz Darowicki
- Anna Karólkowska
- Szymon Wysmułek
2025 Journal of Physical Chemistry C
A procedure for deriving surface charge density spectra from differential capacitance data is presented in this study, providing a deeper analysis of the generated charge. A set of simulated differential capacitance spectra was determined for three types of adsorption process control: diffusion control, adsorption control, and mixed control. Based on the differential capacitance curves and spectra, surface charge density spectra were determined. Shapes characteristic of the three types of control of the adsorption process were identified. Using the Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) technique, the kinetics of hexanol adsorption on a mercury electrode was analyzed. A change in the controlling step of the hexanol adsorption process from diffusion control to adsorption control was observed, based on the relaxation time values and differential capacitance spectra shape. Using a procedure developed on the basis of simulated data, the surface charge density spectra were determined over the entire range of investigated potentials. The developed procedure enabled the separation of the electric double layer (EDL) capacitance from the adsorption pseudocapacitance over a wide potential range. The charges associated with the EDL and generated by increasing pseudocapacitance were determined. The contribution of both charges to the total charge generated with a change in electrode potential varied with the electrode potential.
Sustainability, reliability, and durability of civil engineering structures
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Jacek Szafran
- Bettina Brune
- Krzysztof Wilde
2025 Full text Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences
Considering the Bulletin Readers’ interest in civil engineering,the Special Section “Sustainability, reliability, and durability of civil engineering structures” is now presented, with papers that, by studying specific cases, fully embrace all aspects related to the topic, starting from geometry design, determination of load acting on a structure, characteristics of the material for construction purpose, characteristics of structural behaviour under a certain load, identification of structural parameters or model, safety assessment, and finally, comfort of use. Most of the papers included in this Special Section were orally presented during the 29th International Conference “Lightweight Structures in Civil Engineering”, held in December 2023 at the Gdansk University of Technology.
Synthesis, Structure, and Stability of Copper(II) Complexes Containing Imidazoline-Phthalazine Ligands with Potential Anticancer Activity
- Łukasz Balewski
- Iwona Inkielewicz-Stępniak
- Maria Gdaniec
- Katarzyna Turecka
- Anna Hering
- Anna Ordyszewska
- Anita Kornicka
2025 Pharmaceuticals
Recently, there has been great interest in metallopharmaceuticals as potential anticancer agents. In this context, presented studies aim to synthesize and evaluate of two copper(II) complexes derived from phthalazine- and imidazoline-based ligands against on three human cancer cell lines: cervix epithelial cell line (HeLa), breast epithelial-like adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and triple–negative breast epithelial cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), as well as non-tumorigenic cell line (HDFa). Moreover their antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties were assessed.
Tailoring oxide nanoparticle exsolution in La0.5Ba0.5-yCo1-xFexO3-δ
- Daria Balcerzak
- Andrés López-García
- Alfonso Carrillo
- Maria Balaguer
- Jose M. Serra
- Truls Norby
- Ragnar Strandbakke
- Maria Gazda
- Sebastian Wachowski
2025 JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
We show that oxide nanoparticles (NPs) exsolve on La0.5Ba0.5-yCo1-xFexO3-δ (x = 0-1, y = 0 or 0.01) in oxidizing conditions. The phenomenon occurs only in Co-containing materials and depends on pO2 and pH2O pressures. Under dry conditions, the smallest NPs average about 30 nm, with 200-300 NPs/µm2 at pO2=5×10-5 atm. For pO2=1 atm, NP size increases to 100-200 nm, and population drops to a few to about 20 NPs/µm2 depending on A-site nonstoichiometry and x. In humid conditions, the smallest NPs around 50 nm, with a peak of 100 NPs/µm2 exsolve for pO2=1. Transmission electron microscopy shows that exsolved NPs in La0.5Ba0.5-yCoO3-δ are Ba-O-rich. We propose defect chemistry models, indicating that exsolution is driven by oxidation reactions forming A-site vacancies, increasing exsolved material with higher pO2. We suggest that adsorbed water under humid conditions blocks nucleation sites, altering observed trends.
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF 120-YEAR-OLD RAILWAY RIVETED TRUSS BRIDGE
- Andrzej Ambroziak
- Maciej Malinowski
2025 Full text Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
A 120-year-old railway truss bridge over the Bóbr River, Poland, is investigated in this paper from the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials by testing of old steel samples in a lab – through geodetic measurements, bathymetric measurements of the riverbed and dynamic measurements of bridge spans under service load – to the analysis of structural behaviour by finite-element modelling. The mechanical and chemical properties of the structural old steel are investigated by testing steel elements extracted from the old bridge. Structural analysis shows that the bridge is eligible for renovation or replacement for a new one due to unfulfilled today’s load requirements in terms of bearing capacity. The paper begins with a survey of chosen literature carried out on the investigation of the old steel railway bridge's subject matter. This paper can provide scientists, engineers, and designers with an experimental and structural basis in the field of old steel riveted railway truss bridges.
Technological Considerations of Periodic Repair Works of Concrete Industrial Floors
- Sylwia Świątek-Żołyńska
- Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
2025 Full text Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Concrete floors are among the elements in construction facilities whose design requires engineering experience, workmanship requires the maintenance of a technological regime, while during their operation it is necessary to conduct periodic repairs. Concrete floors are most often used as working and communication space in industrial facilities, and very often they are also a functional element in objects that are immovable monuments. Regardless of the place of installation, concrete floors require periodic maintenance works whose scope should each time be individually adapted to the current use of the object. Improper selection of maintenance work technology and incorrect application of technological solutions related to the renovation of floors can cause rapid deterioration of their technical condition, which may lead to the need to take them out of service, which in turn may result in the need to interrupt the use of the building facility, including production facilities of industrial facilities. The paper presents a collection of practical information related to conducting periodic repair work on concrete industrial floors The article is a case study and addresses specific situations related to the loss of serviceability of concrete industrial floors.
Technological content of export diversification—Evolution along the economic growth process
- Aleksandra Parteka
- Zuzanna Zarach
- Aleksandra Kordalska
2025 Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
Exports from high-income countries are three times more diversified than those from low-income economies. We provide a new tech-based interpretation of the stages of diversification accompanying the economic growth paths of countries. Using the decomposition properties of the relative Theil index in a sample of 160 countries (1996–2018), we reveal that export diversification is driven mainly by changes in the variety of non-tech exports. However, the role of the technological component (technological diversification) increases as countries grow, and in high-income countries, it is responsible for more than one-third of the overall export diversification level. We examine country-specific diversification trajectories, showing that the rapid development of technological capacity drove export diversification in China or India. The technological component can explain 40 % of the perfectly diversified U.S. export structure. We show that 4IR exports embodying digital technologies play a negligible role in the diversification process due to their small measurable share in total exports.
Tensile behavior evaluation of two-stage concrete using an innovative model optimization approach
- Muhammad Nasir Amin
- Faizullah Jan
- Kaffayatullah Khan
- Suleman Ayub Khan
- Muhammad Tahir Qadir
- Marcin Kujawa
2025 Full text REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE
Two-stage concrete (TSC) is a sustainable mate- rial produced by incorporating coarse aggregates into formwork and filling the voids with a specially formulated grout mix. The significance of this study is to improve the predictive accuracy of TSC’s tensile strength, which is essential for optimizing its use in construction applications. To achieve this objective, novel and reliable predictive models were developed using advanced machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF) and gene expres- sion programming (GEP). The performance of these models was evaluated using important evaluation metrics, including the coeﬃcient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error, and root mean square error (RMSE), after they were trained on a comprehensive dataset. The results suggest that the RF model outperforms the GEP model, as evi- denced by a higher R2 value of 0.94 relative to 0.91 for GEP and reduced MAE and RMSE error values. This suggests that the RF model has a superior predictive capability. Additionally, sensi- tivity analyses and SHapley Additive ExPlanation analysis revealed that the water-to-binder (W/B) ratio was the most influential input parameter, accounting for 51.01% of the pre- dictive outcomes presented in the model. This research emphasizes optimizing TSC design, enhancing material perfor- mance, and promoting sustainable, cost-eﬀective construction.