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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • "Gdańskie panoramy z różnych perspektyw’ w ramach cyklu ‘Dojrzały smak przygody’, edycja XX dla Centrum Informacji i Edukacji Ekologicznej, wycieczka edukacyjna
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    2024

    Wycieczka prowadziła trasą: Gdańsk Żółty Wiadukt, Grodzisko, Biskupia Górka, Bastion Żubr, Kamienna Śluza, Długi Targ - IKM. Celem była prezentacja widoków panoramicznych z wyjaśnieniem historii ukształtowania i ufortyfikowania miasta. Wskazano współczesne modyfikacje i zwrócono uwagę na zagrożenia w niedbałym planowaniu krajobrazu miasta.

  • Gender as a Moderator of the Double Bias of Mistakes – Knowledge Culture and Knowledge Sharing Effects
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Aleksandra Kopytko
    2024 Full text

    There is no learning without mistakes. The essence of the double bias of mistakes is the contradiction between an often-declared positive attitude towards learning from mistakes, and negative experiences when mistakes occur. Financial and personal consequences, shame, and blame force desperate employees to hide their mistakes. These adverse outcomes are doubled in organizations by the common belief that managers never make mistakes, which makes the contradiction even more harmful. Double bias affected leaders select only easy tasks to secure their positions, and those who want to be promoted hide their mistakes to maintain the image of a “perfect employee.” Avoiding the risk of failure is generally not wrong as long as doing so does not block organizational growth. It has been proven that the double bias of mistakes can present a severe hurdle for organizational learning and collective intelligence building. This study explores whether the double bias of mistakes is gender-related and how it affects tacit and explicit knowledge sharing. To do so, it is based on a sample of 183 Polish knowledge workers affected by the double bias of mistakes. The analysis method was ordinary least squares regression, which was conducted with SPSS PROCESS software. Results show that the double bias of mistakes generally causes more problems for female specialists than male specialists and more for male managers than female managers. Regarding managers, male managers probably tend to focus more on control at work. In contrast, women focus on supporting learning (they accept mistakes as a source of knowledge and share knowledge gained from them). Considering current challenges relating to collective intelligence building, women seem to have the potential to be better mentors and, probably, better leaders than men. Such formulated conclusions are based on indirect inferences, so further research is necessary.

  • GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2024

    The aim of the following article is to present gender inequality in the labour market in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Gender inequality was researched by analyzing documents providing rights for women and men in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The author presented the unequal treatment of women in the labour market by examining the causes of the level of employment of women and men - contract workers, higher unemployment among women, and finally by the lower remuneration offered to women workers in both countries. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of statistical data available on the websites of the Kazakh and Uzbek statistical offices.

  • Geometric working volume of a satellite positive displacement machine
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    2024 Full text Scientific Reports

    This article describes a method for determining the geometric working volume of satellite positive displacement machines (pump and motor). The working mechanism of these machines is satellite mechanism consisting of two non-circular gears (rotor and curvature) and circular gears (satellites). Two variants of the satellite mechanism are presented. In the first mechanism, the rolling line of the rotor is a sinusoid "wrapped" around a circle. In the second mechanism, the rolling line of the rotor is a double sinusoid "wrapped" around a circle. A method for calculating the area of the working chamber as a function of the rotor rotation angle is presented, based on mathematical formulae of the rotor, the curvature and the satellite rolling lines. It has been shown that the second variant of the satellite mechanism is advantageously characterised by a larger difference between the maximum area of the working chamber and the minimum area of this chamber. New mathematical formulas have been proposed to calculate the area of the working chamber for any angle of rotation of the shaft (rotor) based on the maximum and minimum values of the area of this chamber. It was thus confirmed that the geometric working volume depends on the maximum and minimum area of a working chamber and on the height of the satellite mechanism. The analyses of the area of the working chamber were carried out both for the mechanism without gears (the area delimited by the rolling lines of the elements of the mechanism) and for the real mechanism with gears. Differences in the values of these fields were also detected.

  • Global Digital Technology Convergence: Driving Diffusion via Network Effects
    • Ewa Lechman
    • Adam Marszk
    2024

    Since the 1970s, we have witnessed unprecedented diffusion of digital technologies in both speed and geographic coverage. These technologies are pervasive and disruptive, and lead to profound shifts and transformations in societies and economies. Many claim that emerging network externalities are the principal phenomenon driving the process of technology diffusion and determining its in-time dynamics. This book analyses the unique role network effects play in the process of digital technology diffusion. Using the time span of 1980-2022 and data from over 180 countries, the authors examines the strength and determinates of emerging network externalities in the process of digital technology diffusion across the world. Moreover, using international case studies it traces the process of technology convergence and technology convergence club formation, intending to answer whether cross-country gaps are diminishing or rather growing, and if countries form unique “clubs” within which a rapid convergence occurs.

  • Global value chains and inward FDI: An empirical investigation of European firms
    • Michele Imbruno
    • Rosanna Pittiglio
    • Filippo Reganati
    • Sabina Szymczak
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2024 WORLD ECONOMY

    This paper empirically investigates whether and how the level of GVC integration of a given market may explain the presence of foreign-owned firms. Using firm-level data from 28 European Union countries during the period 2008–2014, we provide evidence that a greater country-sector-level GVC participation, via both backward and forward linkages, exerts a positive effect on a firm's likelihood to receive FDI. These findings appear particularly strong for new EU Member States and services industries when looking at the differences across countries and sectors. Interestingly, when exploring the role of country-sector position along the GVC, we find that FDI gains from backward GVC integration are more prominent if the markets are associated with the final stages of the supply chain, whereas those from forward GVC integration are greater when the markets are associated with the initial stages, in line with the smile curve hypothesis.

  • Global value chains, wages, employment and labour production in China: A regional approach
    • Yuxin Lu
    • Edgardo Sica
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2024 Full text Structural Change and Economic Dynamics

    In this study we analyse the relationship of trade and global value chains (GVCs) to the labour market in 31 Chinese provinces for 25 sectors, by means of a system of structural equations. We firstly distinguish between provincial value chains (PVCs) and interprovincial value chains (PRVCs) in order to outline their distribution and evolution over time. Then, we investigate to what extent participation in GVCs, PVCs and PRVCs – along with trading in final goods and services – is associated with labour market outcomes, i.e., wages, employment and labour production. The results suggest that provinces/sectors with greater export penetration have higher employment and labour production, but lower wages. On the other hand, however, GVCs are found to impede growth in employment and labour production.

  • Globalized Parametric Optimization of Microwave Passive Components Using Simplex-Based Surrogates
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2024 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    Optimization-based parameter adjustment involving full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models is a crucial stage of present-day microwave design process. In fact, rigorous optimization is the only reliable mean permitting to simultaneously handle multiple geometry/material parameters, objectives, and constraints. Unfortunately, EM-driven design is a computationally intensive endeavor. While local tuning is usually manageable, direct global search is most often prohibitively costly. At the same time, global optimization is often required: design of compact microwave passives, multi-modal problems, circuit re-design across broad range of operating conditions, are a few examples. A popular mitigation method is to employ surrogate modeling approach. Still, constructing reliable models is impeded by the curse of dimensionality. This paper presents a novel algorithm for globalized design of microwave devices, which employs simplex-based regression models build at the level of operating parameters and performance figures of the circuit of interest. Computational efficiency of our technique stems from topological simplicity of the surrogate and its updating rules, as well as nearly-linear dependence between the circuit dimensions and its operational parameters. Furthermore, the updating rules of the regression model guarantee convergence of the optimization process. The global search capability of our technique is validated through repetitive optimization of three microstrip circuits. A perfect success rate is demonstrated along with a low (average) computational cost of just about eighty EM analyses of the circuit at hand. Numerical results are supported by experimental validation of selected designs.

  • Głębokie uczenie do korekcji fazy sygnałów GMSK w rzeczywistym środowisku wewnątrzbudynkowym
    • Alicja Olejniczak
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    2024 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje zastosowanie modelu głębokiej sieci neuronowej do estymacji średniego odchylenia fazy sygnałów odebranych i jest elementem badań obejmujących szersze zagadnienie, jakim jest odbiór sygnałów GMSK wspomagany uczeniem maszynowym. Analiza pozwoliła potwierdzić wysoką skuteczność sieci neuronowej, a wyniki obejmowały kanały ETU i EPA oraz dane pomiarowe zebrane w rzeczywistym środowisku wewnątrz- budynkowym. Rozwiązanie porównano z klasycznymi metodami estymacji średniego odchylenia fazy.

  • Going all in or spreading your bet: a configurational perspective on open innovation interaction channels in production sectors
    • Marita McPhillips
    • Silke Tegtmeier
    • Tatjana Nikitina
    2024 Full text Production Engineering Archives

    Using different interaction channels within open innovation partnerships holds the potential to enhance the chance of success in production sectors. However, our comprehension of how open innovation partnerships are affected by varying combinations of interaction channels, and how this corelates with their level of open innovation output, remains limited. There are discrepancies in the current literature regarding the individual and combined effects of open innovation interaction channels. Our study aims to resolve these inconsistencies by using a configurational perspective, which allows for the identifi- cation of multiple successful pathways. Employing fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to a dataset of European open innovation partnerships in production sectors, we uncover specific combinations of interaction channels that explain high levels of innovation outcomes. Subse- quently, we distinguish between two successful pathways. Notably, we observe that the relationship between interaction channels is causally complex, high engagement in open innovation may not guar- antee favorable innovation outcomes. This finding highlights the intricate causal dynamics at play. Thus, our study is a significant step toward reconciling the disparate perspectives in the literature concerning the impact of interaction channels on open innovation output.

  • Government in the metaverse: Requirements and suitability for providing digital public services
    • Martin Lnenicka
    • Nina Rizun
    • Charalampos Harris Alexopoulos
    • Marijn Janssen
    2024 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE

    Digital government comprises all means to enable governments to interact with their constituents digitally. The metaverse provides a virtual reality environment where various activities can be carried out without physically visiting the places of interest, including the public authorities. Yet, how governments can use the metaverse is unknown. This paper aims to extend the understanding of the metaverse architecture requirements and their suitability for digital public services provision. We used the systematic literature review, experts' assessment using the Delphi method, and quantitative analysis to attain this goal. Our research contributes to the literature by eliciting the structure and composition of the functional and non-functional requirements. The contributions include (1) identification and classification of 50 functional and 16 non-functional metaverse-related architecture requirements, (2) determination and relevancy of 15 most important functional and 6 non-functional requirements for digital public services provision, and (3) suitability assessment of the 21 services recommended for provision in the EU's metaverse platform with the highest potential to attract users. These findings show that governments pose unique requirements on the metaverse. Not all types of services are suitable for providing in the metaverse. Those focused on empowering citizens and helping them to develop are most important

  • Granulometric characterization of Arctic driftwood sawdust from frame sawing process
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Tomasz Rogoziński
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Marta Pędzik
    • Luďka Hanincova
    • Olafur Eggertsson
    2024 Full text INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS

    Arctic driftwood can be used as an alternative source of wood as construction timber and furniture material, especially in Iceland and Greenland. The use of Arctic driftwood can help in the fight against climate change, by developing land reforestation processes and reducing the volume harvested wood from forests and sustainability of harvesting processes. In this paper the results of an analysis of the effect of long-term residence of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and larch wood (Larix sibirica L.) stay in Arctic ice and seawater on the granulation of wood sawdust and the distribution of fine wood dust particles during the frame sawing process are presented. The distribution of wood chips and dust was analysed using sieve and laser diffraction methods. The results confirmed that Arctic driftwood, compared to normal wood for both analysed species, generate slightly more fine wood dust particles during the frame sawing process, which can be harmful to human health. However, these differences are not significant, indicating that the same dust extraction systems can be used for both sawing processes.

  • Graphene oxide aerogels for adsorptive separation of aromatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes
    • Maksymilian Plata Gryl
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Emilia Gontarek-Castro
    • Alan Miralrio
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Efficient separation of benzene and cyclohexane has critical importance for production of commodity chemicals, and is one of the most challenging separations in the industry. Physisorption by recyclable, porous solids has a significant potential in substituting energy-intensive azeotropic or extractive distillation methods. Reduced graphene oxide aerogels (rGOAs) are emerging materials holding great promise for connecting unique properties of 2D graphene with ordinary 3D materials. The benzene/cyclohexane separation on rGOAs self-assembled by the chemical reduction with l-ascorbic acid, sodium bisulphite and (for the first time) sodium dithionite was studied by dynamic gas adsorption methods, and the adsorption performance was analysed in relation to aerogels physicochemical properties. The aerogel reduced with sodium dithionite (rGOA_DTN) had the highest reduction degree and specific surface area (461.2 m2g-1), with the highest contribution of mesopores. It was also the sample with the uppermost uptake of benzene and cyclohexane. The binary component adsorption on rGOA_DTN resulted in the selectivity of the adsorption of benzene over cyclohexane of 2.1. Adsorption-desorption studies demonstrated the excellent thermal stability of the adsorbent in the long-run operation. Because the adsorption capacity did not correlate with the mesopores but with macropores surface area, the selectivity of the adsorption was attributed to the different physicochemical structure of aerogels surface. The benzene molecule interacted strongly by specific C-H···π interactions, while the cyclohexane molecule was excluded from the surface of aerogels because of its shape/size. Results demonstrated that rGOAs can be a versatile and flexible platform for adsorptive gas-phase hydrocarbons separation.

  • Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets decorated with HAp@Bi2S3 core–shell nanorods: Dual S-scheme 1D/2D heterojunction for environmental and hydrogen production solutions
    • Mohammad Chahkandi
    • Mahboobeh Zargazi
    • Khadijeh Boland Ghiasabadi
    • Jin Suk Chung
    • Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Mehdi Baghayeri
    2024 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    By combining different semiconductors, scientists have developed innovative materials capable of converting solar energy into useful forms of energy or driving chemical reactions that clean up pollutants. These materials offer a promising path to combat global environmental and energy challenges. In this study, HAp@Bi2S3 core–shell structures were synthesized using a facile microemulsion technique, and then loaded onto graphitic carbon nitride via a hydrothermal method to create an advanced HAp@Bi2S3/g-C3N4 dual S-scheme heterojunction. The engineered heterojunction exhibited enhanced hydrogen production and visible light photocatalytic oxidation of metronidazole. The improved photocatalytic efficiency was attributed to the core–shell structure of HAp@Bi2S3 along with the formation of a dual S-scheme heterojunction in HAp@Bi2S3/g-C3N4. As a result, the novel dual S-scheme HAp@Bi2S3/g-C3N4 heterojunction demonstrated a significantly higher hydrogen production rate, ca. 20 times higher than that of hydroxyapatite (HAp), 11 times higher than Bi2S3, and 5 times higher than the HAp@Bi2S3. This research introduces a novel approach to crafting dual S-scheme heterojunctions based on Bi2S3, which enables swift electron transfer across heterojunction interfaces, thereby enlarged possibility windows to sustainable hydrogen production and wastewater remediation technologies.

  • Graphs with isolation number equal to one third of the order
    • Magdalena Lemańska
    • Merce Mora
    • Maria Jose Souto Salorio
    2024 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

    A set D of vertices of a graph G is isolating if the set of vertices not in D and with no neighbor in D is independent. The isolation number of G, denoted by \iota(G) , is the minimum cardinality of an isolating set of G. It is known that \iota(G) \leq n/3 , if G is a connected graph of order n, , distinct from C_5 . The main result of this work is the characterisation of unicyclic and block graphs of order n with isolating number equal to n/3 . Moreover, we provide a family of general graphs attaining this upper bound on the isolation number.

  • Green adsorbents and solvents in food analysis
    • Hameed Haq
    • Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
    • Muhammad Jahangir Khan
    • Muhammad Balal Arain
    2024

    Green analytical chemistry aims to minimize the negative impact of analytical procedures on the environment and human health. This can be achieved through the use of non-toxic and environmentally friendly reagents. Classical green solvents include water, ethanol, acetone, and supercritical fluids. Water has been used for the extraction of water-soluble compounds (sugars, amino acids). Ethanol and acetone have been used for the extraction of lipids and pigments, flavors and preparation of extracts for chromatographic analysis. Supercritical fluids have been used as a solvent in food analysis for the extraction of lipids, pigments, flavors and caffeine. In this chapter, new types of green solvents and their applications for food analysis have been described in detail. The description is given for new green solvents, for example, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ionic liquids, and supra molecular solvents. The application of these green solvents has been described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages associated with these green solvents have also been described in detail. In this chapter, we have summarized four types of green solvents and adsorbents as listed below molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), ionic liquids (ILs) and supramolecular solvents (SMs). Among the selected green solvents, ionic liquids (IL) have been extensively used for food analysis. The properties of IL can be adjusted by changing the composition of IL. Application of ionic liquids for metal analysis in foods has critically discussed. Deep eutectic solvents are a new class of green designer solvents with tunable properties and can be synthesized simply by mixing hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA). Applications of DESs have been discussed in detail with special emphasis on the analysis of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and polar organic compounds. Molecularly imprinted polymer (IMPs) is an advanced class of greed adsorbent used for food analysis. A new class of green solvents “supramolecular solvents” has been discussed with special emphasis on supramolecular-deep eutectic solvents.

  • Green and sustainable hydrogels based on quaternized chitosan to enhance wound healing
    • Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
    • Mohsen Khodadadiyazdi
    • Mohammad Reza Saeb
    • Tomasz Bączek
    • Mehdi Farokhi
    2024 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Hydrogel-based biomaterials applied as wound dressings provide the wound with a moist environment, which facilitates tissue regeneration through granulation and re-epithelialization. The inherent flexibility and adjustable architecture of hydrogels enables incorporation of cells, antimicrobial drugs, growth factors, and bioactive compounds, which leads to expediting wound contraction and enhancing the regeneration process. The utilization of natural polysaccharides, particularly chitosan, as a green and one of the most sustainable biomaterials among renewable resources, has been widely practised in wound healing because of its promising cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the challenge of limited solubility of chitosan at neutral or basic media (pH ≥ 6.5) has been pinpointed. The exploration of quaternary chitosan hydrogels was a big step to combat its low solubility through the contribution of a quaternary ammonium group that improves the hydrophilicity and additionally brings about antibacterial activity over a wide range of pH. This review summarizes the latest progress in using hydrogel dressings based on quaternized chitosan for wound regeneration, encompassing various aspects such as hemostasis, antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties, and overall wound healing efficacy. Furthermore, the present review addresses the existing challenges and proposes possible solutions to enlarge development avenues in pursue of optimizing wound regeneration performance of quaternized chitosan-based hydrogels in prospect.

  • Green engineered biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration: Printing technologies and fracture analysis
    • Balbina Makurat-Kasprolewicz
    • Hossein Ipakchi
    • Pouya Rajaee
    • Agnieszka Ossowska
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mehdi Farokhi
    • Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
    • Małgorzata Pawlak
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Mariusz Belka
    • Tomasz Baczek
    • Mohammad Reza Saeb
    2024 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Despite the exceptional self-regeneration properties of bone, severe injuries often require additional surgical intervention such as using artificial bone constructs. These structures need to meet a number of criteria regarding their structure, performance, alongside the rate and the mechanism of erosion and fracture when implanted, for stimulating the regeneration of defected bone and, more critically providing support in the interim. Technological development in the fields of imaging and additive manufacturing enables taking a huge step forward toward preparing personalized implants with characteristics matching the requirements of the specific injury. From biomaterials point of view, greener and more sustainable biomaterials from renewable resources are on demand for bone regeneration; moreover, bone repair necessitates engineering properties and performance, e.g. mechanical properties. Currently, potential processing methods are not merely limited to 3D printing, but also include 4D and 5D printing methods, considering time, dimension, and rotational degrees of freedom. A wide varieties of the aforementioned processes and techniques enable the application of metals, their alloys, ceramics, and polymers, providing an extremely wide spectrum of possibilities for implant design. Herein, the critical aspects of green biomaterials applied in bone tissue engineering, their application in bone repair and regeneration are summarized, and novel directions in bone tissue engineering are proposed for future developments. Eventually, the latest advances in the application of green biomaterials in clinics are outlined.

  • Greening Higher Education in Europe. Institutional Transitions to Sustainable Development
    • Magdalena Popowska
    2024

    This book provides a comprehensive overview of the advances made in European higher education institutions (HEIs) over the last twenty years in response to the challenges of sustainable development. In recent years, there has been a visible shift toward sustainable development, and universities have been addressing their accountability to the public through corporate social responsibility. Greening Higher Education in Europe explores these recent developments, beginning with an introduction to sustainable development and its complexity, followed by a discussion of the regulatory and organizational context of higher education in Europe. This book goes on to examine the key pillars of sustainable development in HEIs, including education, research, and campus development, demonstrating best practices from a range of European universities including the University of Groningen (The Netherlands), Lund University (Sweden), Aalto University (Finland), and The University of Edinburgh (UK), among others. It also explores the role of HEIs in educating future leaders in sustainable development and presents a framework for understanding the values and decision-making processes of HEI leaders. It concludes by highlighting the need for a new paradigm in HEIs that promotes innovation, quality, equity, and respect for the environment.

  • Greening the Innovation Landscape: Leveraging Open Innovation Channels for Sustainable Technology Adoption
    • Marita McPhillips
    2024

    Open innovation offers a great potential for accelerating sustainable technology adoption. This study presents the diverse interaction channels of open innovation and their role in facilitating the development and integration of sustainable solutions. Through an analysis of collaboration mechanisms associated with various open innovation channels in sustainable technology adoption projects, this paper offers a comprehensive framework for partnerships to strategically execute innovation strategies geared towards furthering sustainability objectives. The findings highlight the transformative potential of different open innovation interaction channels in advancing sustainability agendas. Several collaboration mechanisms support the benefits of employing the open innovation interaction channels. By categorizing and evaluating different interaction channels conducive for sustainable solutions this study explores the interplay between open innovation processes and sustainable innovation, assesses the role of different collaboration mechanisms in driving sustainable open innovation, discusses metrics to measure the effectiveness of open innovation interactions in sustainable initiatives and provides new ideas for managers to improve sustainable innovation performance.

  • Guided wave propagation in debonding detection in CFRP-reinforced steel plate-like structures
    • Beata Zima
    • Łukasz Breńkacz
    2024 OCEAN ENGINEERING

    The present study investigates the guided wave propagation in multilayered steel specimens reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) through theoretical, numerical, and experimental means. The effectiveness of externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) relies heavily on the bonding quality between the CFRP and the substrate. Premature debonding, a prevalent and hazardous defect, can arise from suboptimal manufacturing processes, excessive loads, and unfavorable environmental conditions. This defect remains hidden and poses challenges for detection through conventional visual inspections. Therefore, this research analyzes the impact of debonding development on wave propagation signals. The paper specifically focuses on examining different transducer localizations and their influence on the monitoring process efficiency. The theoretical rationale for various transducer configurations is presented, highlighting the undeniable influence of the chosen configuration on monitoring effectiveness. Multiple transducer and damage configurations are described, and their disparities are investigated through experimental and numerical studies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that assumptions valid for damages with regular shapes cannot be easily extended and applied to diagnostic procedures in more complex scenarios, such as debonding that develops across the entire specimen but within a limited width.

  • Halucynacje chatbotów a prawda: główne nurty debaty i ich interpretacje
    • Jan Kreft
    • Monika Boguszewicz-kreft
    • Barbara Cyrek
    2024 Full text Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

    Generatywne systemy sztucznej inteligencji (SI) są w stanie tworzyć treści medialne poprzez zastosowanie uczenia maszynowego do dużych ilości danych szkoleniowych. Te nowe dane mogą obejmować tekst (np. Bard firmy Google, LLaMa firmy Meta lub ChatGPT firmy OpenAI) oraz elementy wizualne (np. Stable Diffusion lub DALL-E OpenAI) i dźwięk (np. VALL-E firmy Micro- soft). Stopień zaawansowania tych treści może czynić je nieodróżnialnymi od twórczości człowieka. Chatboty cechują się jednak tzw. halucynacjami, które w istotnej części są nowym rodzajem dezinformacji. Celem podjętych badań jest identyfikacja głównych nurtów debaty poświęconej skutkom wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dezinformacji z udziałem chatbotów w środowisku mediów. W badaniu przyjęto metodę badawczą systematycznego przeglądu literatury ograniczającą m.in. błąd selekcji. Interpretacja głównych nurtów debaty skłania do wniosku, że dezinformacja chatbotów w postaci ich halucynacji jest znacząca pod względem skali, jest optymalizowana i personalizowana oraz ma istotny potencjał erodowania zaufania społecznego.

  • Handlowo-techniczne bilansowanie energii w obszarach sieci dystrybucyjnej
    • Paweł Bućko
    2024 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    W artykule omówiono problemy wywołane przez rosnący udział generacji rozproszonej we współczesnych systemach elektroenergetycznych. Przedstawiono nową koncepcję rozwiązywania zagadnienia bilansowania mocy czynnej w obszarach sieci dystrybucyjnych, opartą o wykorzystanie nowych struktur organizacyjnych takich jak: klastry energii, wydzielone systemy dystrybucyjne, spółdzielnie energetyczne, wirtualne elektrownie i grupy bilansujące.

  • Hazards of a flooding event in the city of Gdansk and possible forms of preventing the phenomenon – case study
    • Roman Cieśliński
    • Michał Szydłowski
    • Izabela Chlost
    • Patrycja Mikos-Studnicka
    2024 Urban Water Journal

    The main objective is to examine the urban flood hazard in the city of Gdansk and to determine the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was used for the case study analysis of urban flood in Strzyża basin, applying the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS systems. The result of modeling with the assumption of torrential rainfall with a duration of t = 1 h (from 35 to 58 mm) is the probability of pluvial flood occurrence divided into low probability (p = 10%), high probability (p = 1%) and catastrophic probability (p = 0.2%). The normal flow of the Strzyża stream at the mouth is 0.175 m3·s−1, while the modeling results indicate an increase in the flow depending on the assumed flood flow probability from about 41.8 m3·s−1 to 54.7 m3·s−1. In addition, the article presents the basic elements of the policy of the city of Gdańsk in the field of reducing the hazards of urban flooding.

  • Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in the Casing Pipe
    • Romuald Masnicki
    • Janusz Mindykowski
    • Beata Pałczyńska
    2024 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS

    The current carrying capacity of a power cable determines its ability to carry a specific current and is related to the efficiency of dissipation of heat generated in the cable laid in a specific environment. The studies were conducted in order to determine how the characteristics of the medium around the cable affected its temperature, and thus the ability of the cable to transmit electricity. The experimentation in the lab and real measurements of the temperature values at various locations in the casing pipe constitute the article's uniqueness. The article presents an innovative concept of a laboratory stand, designed to measure the dissipation of heat emitted by a cable in separated casing pipes with various filling materials. The assessment of heat removal is made based on the recorded distribution of temperatures and related voltage drops in individual casing pipes. It has been demonstrated for the instance under investigation that using the right fillers around the cable may reduce cable temperature, boost the cable's current carrying capability, and provide more efficient heat dissipation. Extended tests include measuring the temperature distribution in casing pipes: (i) filled partially with a heat-dissipating substance, (ii) with substances a year earlier and newly introduced into casing pipes, (iii) for extended values of the current flowing through the cable, as well as (iv) with additional measurements of voltage drops on the cable in individual segments of casing pipes. The obtained results can be used in diagnostics procedures to locate sections of the casing pipe not completely filled with the material that removes heat from the cable.

  • Heterogeneity of national accounting systems, world-class universities and financial resources: What are the links?
    • Alessandro Avenali
    • Cinzia Daraio
    • Simone Di Leo
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2024 Full text Journal of Informetrics

    This study investigates the relationship between university financial resources, applied accounting systems, and the place of a university in the Shanghai Ranking. We find a strong relationship between the financial resources under the control of a world-class university and the position of that university in the highest tier of the global ranking. We propose a model (available online) to predict a university’s tier in the ranking through the financial resources it employs. A critical condition for making a university a world-class university could be to provide it with a sufficiently high level of financial resources, and its efficiency could play an important leverage role. In view of the results, policymakers are challenged with a drastic choice: to increase international competition among universities, it is necessary to concentrate a huge amount of resources on a few universities that are already in the ranking. In contrast, the policy of the proportional distribution of resources does not affect international competition and may be inefficient. Furthermore, financial data are not easy to gather homogeneously for universities across countries, due to the existence of different national accounting systems. Finally, we discuss several critical issues associated with the measurement of specific accounting data of universities.

  • Hey student, are you sharing your knowledge? A cluster typology of knowledge sharing behaviours among students
    • Małgorzata Zięba
    • Susanne Durst
    • Samuel Foli
    • Martyna Gonsiorowska
    2024 International Journal of Management Education

    Knowledge Sharing (KS) is crucial for all organisations to better face current and future challenges. It is justifiable to assume that after graduation, students will have to face the coming challenges at societal and business levels, and that they will need the adequate KS skills to do so. Though the importance of KS is established, the understanding of how students pass on their knowledge is still fragmented and underdeveloped. Therefore, a deeper understanding of students’ KS behaviour is crucial to identify and promote better actions. As different patterns of behaviour are very probable among students, this study aims to identify patterns that can be used to group students according to their KS behaviour. Drawing from a dataset of 124 Business and Management students, this paper empirically conceptualises a typology of KS behaviours among this group. The typology consists of three different types of student groups that emerged from a cluster analysis: new entrants with neutral KS behaviour, undergraduate students with strong KS behaviour facilitated by social ties, and mature students who share knowledge based on the perceived self-concept. By acknowledging the heterogeneity found among Business and Management students, this paper departs from viewing students as a homogeneous group.

  • Hidden Tensor Structures
    • Marek Czachor
    2024 Full text ENTROPY

    Any single system whose space of states is given by a separable Hilbert space is automatically equipped with infinitely many hidden tensor-like structures. This includes all quantum mechanical systems as well as classical field theories and classical signal analysis. Accordingly, systems as simple as a single one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, an infinite potential well, or a classical finite-amplitude signal of finite duration can be decomposed into an arbitrary number of subsystems. The resulting structure is rich enough to enable quantum computation, violation of Bell’s inequalities, and formulation of universal quantum gates. Less standard quantum applications involve a distinction between position and hidden position. The hidden position can be accompanied by a hidden spin, even if the particle is spinless. Hidden degrees of freedom are, in many respects, analogous to modular variables. Moreover, it is shown that these hidden structures are at the roots of some well-known theoretical constructions, such as the Brandt–Greenberg multi-boson representation of creation–annihilation operators, intensively investigated in the context of higher-order or fractional-order squeezing. In the context of classical signal analysis, the discussed structures explain why it is possible to emulate a quantum computer by classical analog circuit devices

  • High Efficiency Dual-Active-Bridge Converter with Triple-Phase-Shift Control for Battery Charger of Electric Vehicles
    • Shih-hao Kuo
    • Huang-Jen Chiu
    • Che-Wei Chiang
    • Ta-Wei Huang
    • Yu-Chen Chang
    • Serafin Bachman
    • Szymon Piasecki
    • Marek Jasiński
    • Marek Turzyński
    2024 Full text ENERGIES

    An optimal modulation scheme with triple-phase-shift (TPS) control could increase the efficiency in the entire load range for a dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter under wide output voltage range conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a convergent approach to TPS mode selection, coupled with an optimal modulation scheme, ensuring the circuit’s efficiency over the entire range in the realm of a high-power and high-efficiency battery charger for electric vehicles. The convergent approach to TPS mode selection also reduces the numerous cases for small-signal analysis through general average modeling. After verifying the small-signal models under various voltage transfer ratios and load conditions to verify the stability, a converter prototype with a rated power of 15 kW is built and tested. Thus, a peak efficiency of 97.7% can be achieved.

  • High frequency oscillations in human memory and cognition: a neurophysiological substrate of engrams?
    • Michał Kucewicz
    • Jesus Garcia Salinas
    • Jan Cimbalnik
    • Gregory A. Worrell
    • Milan Brazdil
    2024 Full text Brain: A Journal of Neurology

    Despite advances in understanding the cellular and molecular processes underlying memory and cognition, and recent successful modulation of cognitive performance in brain disorders, the neurophysiological mechanisms remain underexplored. High frequency oscillations beyond the classic electroencephalogram spectrum have emerged as a potential neural correlate of fundamental cognitive processes. High frequency oscillations are detected in the human mesial temporal lobe and neocortical intracranial recordings spanning gamma/epsilon (60-150 Hz), ripple (80-250 Hz) and higher frequency ranges. Separate from other non-oscillatory activities, these brief electrophysiological oscillations of distinct duration, frequency and amplitude are thought to be generated by coordinated spiking of neuronal ensembles within volumes as small as a single cortical column. Although the exact origins, mechanisms, and physiological roles in health and disease remain elusive, they have been associated with human memory consolidation and cognitive processing. Recent studies suggest their involvement in encoding and recall of episodic memory with a possible role in the formation and reactivation of memory traces. High frequency oscillations are detected during encoding, throughout maintenance, and right before recall of remembered items, meeting a basic definition for an engram activity. The temporal coordination of high frequency oscillations reactivated across cortical and subcortical neural networks is ideally suited for integrating multimodal memory representations, which can be replayed and consolidated during states of wakefulness and sleep. High frequency oscillations have been shown to reflect coordinated bursts of neuronal assembly firing and offer a promising substrate for tracking and modulation of the hypothetical electrophysiological engram.

  • High resolution optical and acoustic remote sensing datasets of the Puck Lagoon
    • Lukasz Janowski
    • Dimitrios Skarlatos
    • Panagiotis Agrafiotis
    • Paweł Tysiąc
    • Andrzej Pydyn
    • Mateusz Popek
    • Anna M. Kotarba-Morley
    • Gottfried Mandlburger
    • Łukasz Gajewski
    • Mateusz Kolakowski
    • Alexandra Papadaki
    • Juliusz Gajewski
    2024 Full text Scientific Data

    The very shallow marine basin of Puck Lagoon in the southern Baltic Sea, on the Northern coast of Poland, hosts valuable benthic habitats and cultural heritage sites. These include, among others, protected Zostera marina meadows, one of the Baltic’s major medieval harbours, a ship graveyard, and likely other submerged features that are yet to be discovered. Prior to this project, no comprehensive high-resolution remote sensing data were available for this area. This article describes the first Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from a combination of airborne bathymetric LiDAR, multibeam echosounder, airborne photogrammetry and satellite imagery. These datasets also include multibeam echosounder backscatter and LiDAR intensity, allowing determination of the character and properties of the seafloor. Combined, these datasets are a vital resource for assessing and understanding seafloor morphology, benthic habitats, cultural heritage, and submerged landscapes. Given the significance of Puck Lagoon’s hydrographical, ecological, geological, and archaeological environs, the high-resolution bathymetry, acquired by our project, can provide the foundation for sustainable management and informed decision-making for this area of interest.

  • Higher harmonics of the intensity modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage spectroscopy response - a tool for studying photoelectrochemical nonlinearities
    • Adrian Olejnik
    • Katarzyna Grochowska
    2024 Full text MEASUREMENT

    In this work, a higher harmonic analysis (HHA) of the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage (IMPS/IMVS) spectroscopy data is proposed as a potent tool for studying nonlinear phenomena in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic systems. Analytical solutions of kinetic equations were constructed for cases of single and double resonance accounting for various sources of higher harmonics. These sources correspond to the physical sources of nonlinear effects in the response including intensity-dependent generation current, intensity-dependent recombination, and second-order recombination. Due to the fact that the solutions for those cases are different, a qualitative methodology for analysis of harmonics is proposed. The methodology is illustrated by two experimental examples – Si photodiode for IMVS and TiO2 nanotubes for IMPS. It was capable of distinguishing second order recombination in the first case and intensity-dependent transport rate for the latter.

  • Highly Integrable Planar-structured Printed Circularly Polarized Antenna for Emerging Wideband Internet of Things Applications in the Millimeter-Wave Band
    • Ullah Ubaid
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2024 Full text Scientific Reports

    This paper proposes a numerically and experimentally validated printed wideband antenna with a planar geometry for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This design tackles the challenges associated with deploying IoT sensors in remote areas or across extensive geographical regions. The proposed design exploits a coplanar-waveguide-fed modified microstrip line monopole for excitation of circularly polarized waves radiating in the broadside direction. The primary design is based on perturbations of the microstrip line protracted from a grounded coplanar waveguide. The capacitively coupled short rectangular stubs are periodically inserted alternately and excited asymmetrically on each side of the microstrip line parallel to the direction of the electric field vector. The sequential phase excitation of the periodic stubs generates a rectangular-cascaded electric field, which suppresses the stop band at the open end. As a result, the antenna radiates in the broadside direction. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 8 GHz in the 28 GHz mm-wave band, i.e., it ranged from 25 GHz to 33.5 GHz. Additionally, an axial ratio below 3 dB is achieved within the operating band from 26 GHz to 33.5 GHz with the alterations of the surface current using straightforward topological adjustments of the physical parameters. The average in-band realized gain of the antenna is 10 dBic when measured in the broadside direction. These results indicate that the proposed design has the potential to improve the connectivity between IoT devices and the constantly varying orientation of satellites by mitigating the polarization mismatch.

  • Highly sensitive microwave sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator for sensing liquid materials
    • Chandu Ds
    • K.B.S. Sri Nagini
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    This paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator and modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The liquid under test is filled in a glass container loaded using a pipette. Compared to the conventional OCSSRR, the modified OCSSRR with multiple rings exhibits a higher frequency shift of 1200 MHz, 1270 MHz, and 1520 MHz for ethanol, methanol, and distilled water, respectively. The modified sensor also demonstrates a high sensitivity of 308 MHz/RIU for ethanol concentration which is the highest among the existing microwave sensors. The sensors in this manuscript are suitable for multiple liquid material sensing applications.

  • Highly-Compact Dual-Band Bandpass Waveguide Filter Based on Cross-Shaped Frequency-Dependent Coupling
    • Lubina Irum
    • Muhammad Yameen Sandhu
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gomez-Garcia
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2024

    This work reports the design of an original class of highly-compact dual-band bandpass filter based on dual-mode waveguide resonators inter-coupled through a novel type of frequency-dependent coupling (FDC). The devised FDC consists of a cross-shaped metallic structure placed in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide. This FDC produces two additional poles and three extra transmission zeros (TZs). Specifically, each pole is surrounded by a pair of TZs, thus generating a dual-band bandpass filtering response. An equivalent lumped-element circuit model of the proposed FDC is provided to facilitate the filter synthesis process. For validation purposes, electromagnetic-(EM)-simulation results for a third-order dual-band bandpass filter design made up of two dual-mode rectangular waveguide resonators inter-coupled with a cross-shaped FDC are presented.

  • High-performance activation of ozone by sonocavitation for BTEX degradation in water
    • Kirill Fedorov
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Full text JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

    This work presents a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP) for degradation of emerging organic pollutants – benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEXs) in water. A comparative study was performed for sonocavitation assisted ozonation under 40–120 kHz and 80–200 kHz dual frequency ultrasounds (DFUS). Based on the obtained results, the combination of 40–120 kHz i.e., low-frequency US (LFDUS) with O3 exhibited excellent oxidation capacity degrading 99.37–99.69% of BTEXs in 40 min, while 86.09–91.76% of BTEX degradation was achieved after 60 min in 80–200 kHz i.e., high-frequency US (HFDUS) combined with O3. The synergistic indexes determined using degradation rate constants were found as 7.86 and 2.9 for LFDUS/O3 and HFDUS/O3 processes, respectively. The higher extend of BTEX degradation in both processes was observed at pH 6.5 and 10. Among the reactive oxygen species (ROSs), hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were found predominant according to scavenging tests, singlet oxygen also importantly contributed in degradation, while O2•- radicals had a minor contribution. Sulfate (SO42−) ions demonstrated higher inhibitory effect compared to chloride (Cl−) and carbonate (CO32−) ions in both processes. Degradation pathways of BTEX was proposed based on the intermediates identified using GC-MS technique.

  • HMSE: A tool for coupling MODFLOW and HYDRUS-1D computer programs
    • Mateusz Pawlowicz
    • Bartosz Balis
    • Adam Szymkiewicz
    • Jirka Simunek
    • Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka
    • Beata Jaworska-Szulc
    2024 Full text SoftwareX

    A new software HMSE has been developed to facilitate external coupling between two well-known programs for subsurface flow modeling: MODFLOW-2005 (saturated zone flow) and HYDRUS-1D (unsaturated zone flow). Two coupling schemes have been implemented. In the first case the groundwater recharge flux is calculated by HYDRUS-1D assuming a fixed water table position and then passed to MODFLOW input files. In the second case the water table position in HYDRUS-1D is updated periodically using the solution from MODFLOW. HMSE can be deployed in 3 modes: local, Docker and Kubernetes cluster. A web-based interface is provided to configure and run the simulation in all three cases. The software is applied to simulate groundwater table fluctuations observed in a shallow aquifer during three years.

  • Holistic collision avoidance decision support system for watchkeeping deck officers
    • Rafał Szłapczyński
    • Joanna Szłapczyńska
    • Mateusz Gil
    • Marcin Życzkowski
    • Jakub Montewka
    2024 Full text RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY

    The paper presents a 3-stage synthesis-based Decision Support System for watchkeeping deck officers. Its functional scope covers conflict detection, maneuver selection, and maneuver execution, all phases supplemented by collision alerts. First, a customized elliptic ship domain is used for checking if both OS and TS will have enough free space. A survey-based navigators’ declarative OS arena is then used to determine the time at which OOW would like to take evasive action. Next, a safety level is assigned to the current situation based on the predicted violations of the ship domain and the declarative arena. The safety levels are also attributed to potential evasive maneuvers (single actions combining course alteration and rudder deflection). For a selected maneuver, Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) is displayed, which informs OOW about the time window when the maneuver remains feasible. All of the above contribute to a holistic system of multi-level safety assessment utilizing: empirical ship domain, survey-based declarative arena, and ship dynamics-based CADCA. These, in turn, take into account navigators’ knowledge and preferences, ship maneuverability, and the impact of environmental conditions. The system is presented in three real-life scenarios located in the southern part of the Baltic Sea around the Danish straits.

  • How digital platforms support public values through government-citizen collaboration?
    • Grażyna Musiatowicz-Podbiał
    2024 Full text

    Digital platforms are becoming a popular means of multi-sided interactions between public institutions and their constituents. By enabling information sharing, consultation, and other forms of government-citizen collaboration, they facilitate co-decision-making and co-creation. Although digital platforms are not, the mechanism through which they can create public value, although important for government institutions and citizens alike, has not been systematically studied yet. This research aims at establishing a link between digital platform-based government-citizen engagement and how such engagement can generate public value. To this end, it employs the mixed method approach consisting of the systematic literature review and the analysis of 15 case studies of representative digital government platforms. The research delivers two main observations. First, digital government platforms produce three common public values: openness, government-citizen dialogue, and productivity gains. Second, unleashing the digital platforms’ public value creation potential requires infrastructural foundations, inducements for governments to engage, and mutual benefits for citizens, businesses and the government itself.

  • How digital technology affects working conditions in globally fragmented production chains: Evidence from Europe
    • Aleksandra Parteka
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    • Dagmara Nikulin
    2024 Full text TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE

    This paper uses a sample of over 9 million workers from 22 European countries to study the intertwined relationship between digital technology, cross-border production links and working conditions. We compare the social consequences of technological change exhibited by three types of innovation: computerisation (software), automation (robots) and artificial intelligence (AI). To fully quantify work-related wellbeing, we propose a new methodology that amends the information on remuneration by reference to such non-monetary factors as the work environment (physical and social), career development prospects, or work intensity. First, we show that employee wellbeing is related to the type of technological exposure. Employees in occupations with a high degree of software or robot exposure face worse working conditions – contrary to highly AI exposed occupations. Thus, we find that AI technologies differ from previous waves of technological progress - also in relation to workers' wellbeing. Additionally, we show that the relationship between digital technology and working conditions weakly depends on participation in global production chains.

  • How does the Relationship Between the Mistakes Acceptance Component of Learning Culture and Tacit Knowledge-Sharing Drive Organizational Agility? Risk as a Moderator
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Tomasz Balcerowski
    • Maciej Kucharski
    • Jari Jussila
    2024 Full text

    Changes in the business context create the need to adjust organizational knowledge to new contexts to enable the organizational agile responses to secure competitiveness. Tacit knowledge is strongly contextual. This study is based on the assumption that business context determines tacit knowledge creation and acquisition, and thanks to this, the tacit knowledge-sharing processes support agility. Therefore, this study aims to expose that there is a strong link between the tacit knowledge flow across the organization and its ability to respond agilely (timely, accurately, and creatively) to contextual changes. Based on the sample composed of 640 Polish knowledge workers and data analyzed with the structural equation modeling method (SEM), this study delivers empirical evidence that tacit knowledge flow is vital for organizational agility. The obtained results confirmed that tacit knowledge sharing mediates between the mistakes acceptance component of learning culture and agility. It means agility, understood asthe ability to respond agilely to contextual changes, requires being charged by new, contextual, tacit knowledge obtained thanks to trial-error actions (learning by doing) achievable thanks to breaking conventions and experimentation. Moreover, risk management skills have been proven to be one of the critical characteristics of agile organizations today.

  • How Integration of a Brain-Machine Interface and Obstacle Detection System Can Improve Wheelchair Control via Movement Image
    • Tomasz Kocejko
    • Nikodem Matuszkiewicz
    • Jakub Kwiatkowski
    • Piotr Durawa
    • Aleksander Madajczak
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    This study presents a human-computer interaction combined with a brain-machine interface (BMI) and obstacle detection system for remote control of a wheeled robot through movement imagery, providing a potential solution for individuals facing challenges with conventional vehicle operation. The primary focus of this work is the classification of surface EEG signals related to mental activity when envisioning movement and deep relaxation states. Additionally, this work presents a system for obstacle detection based on image processing. The implemented system constitutes a complementary part of the interface. The main contributions of this work include the proposal of a modified 10–20-electrode setup suitable for motor imagery classification, the design of two convolutional neural network (CNNs) models employed to classify signals acquired from sixteen EEG channels, and the implementation of an obstacle detection system based on computer vision integrated with a brain-machine interface. The models developed in this study achieved an accuracy of 83% in classifying EEG signals. The resulting classification outcomes were subsequently utilized to control the movement of a mobile robot. Experimental trials conducted on a designated test track demonstrated real-time control of the robot. The findings indicate the feasibility of integration of the obstacle detection system for collision avoidance with the classification of motor imagery for the purpose of brain-machine interface control of vehicles. The elaborated solution could help paralyzed patients to safely control a wheelchair through EEG and effectively prevent unintended vehicle movements

  • How Sport Innovations Can Shape Sustainable Cities: An Interdisciplinary Approach
    • Narek Parsamyan
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    2024 Full text Problemy Ekorozwoju

    Leveraging the potential of sport can play a significant role in shaping cities of tomorrow, generate environmental and social change. The integration of sport into city planning can provide multiple benefits, such as promoting physical activity, health, well-being, and enhancing social cohesion. However to date, there is a lack of research on the potential of sport innovations to enhance the sustainable development of cities. This study aims to explore the role of sport innovations in sustainable cities through systematic literature review, utilizing interdisciplinary approach that combines sport and urban management disciplines to understand how sport innovations affects the sustainable living. The findings of this study identify sustainable references in sport innovations literature, including best practices for integrating sport into urban planning and development, and thus verifying their contribution to the sustainable development of cities in areas of social inclusion, community participation, collaboration and networking, organizational strategy.

  • How to make membrane distillation greener? A review on environmentally friendly and sustainable aspects
    • Emilia Gontarek-Castro
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 GREEN CHEMISTRY

    There is an urgent need for the development of new water resources in order to solve the problem of the world’s growing demand for clean water. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising alternative to conventional seawater desalination. Although MD itself is often defined as sustainable desalination technology, there are many aspects within the membrane manufacture and process operation that make it far from being green. For instance, non-biodegradable polymers, toxic solvents and fluoroalkyl silanes are typical chemicals that unfortunately are used in membrane fabrication protocols. Additionally, the huge amount of wastewater generated from membrane fabrication processes makes solvent-free methods more attractive and desired for extensive investigation. Apart from this, the low energy efficiency of MD process can be effectively overcome by integrating the MD systems with low-grade waste heat. This review critically addresses and discusses the recent advances in methods and strategies to improve the sustainability of MD technology, which is not a common scope of study among the research community. Here, our attention has been devoted to main aspects in MD membrane fabrication, such as polymers, solvents (and its costs), nonsolvents, additives, solvent-free fabrication procedures, fluoro-free post modification, and MD operation (energy consumption). This review intends to introduce inspiration for membrane scientists for the development of the next-generation MD process, by promoting the sustainable transformation of today’s approaches into a greener way. In this latter scenario, we provide some punctual considerations that could be followed by the researchers in the field.

  • Human carnosinases: A brief history, medicinal relevance, and in silico analyses
    • Klaudia Chmielewska
    • Serena Vittorio
    • Silva Gervasoni
    • Krystyna Dzierzbicka
    • Iwona Inkielewicz-Stępniak
    • Giulio Vistoli
    2024 Full text DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

    Carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, has been found to have a plethora of medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antiageing, and chelating effects, but with one downside: a short half-life. Carnosinases and two hydrolytic enzymes, which remain enigmatic, are responsible for these features. Hence, here we emphasize why research is valuable for better understanding crucial concepts like ageing, neurodegradation, and cancerogenesis, given that inhibition of carnosinases might significantly prolong carnosine bioavailability and allow its further use in medicine. Herein, we explore the literature regarding carnosinases and present a short in silico analysis aimed at elucidating the possible recognition pattern between CN1 and its ligands.

  • Hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films for wound healing application
    • Marcin Wekwejt
    • Marcin Małek
    • Anna Ronowska
    • Anna Michno
    • Anna Pałubicka
    • Agnieszka Klimek
    • Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

    In this study, thin films based on hyaluronic acid (HA) with tannic acid (TA) were investigated in three different weight ratios (80HA/20TA, 50HA/50TA, 20HA/80TA) for their application as materials for wound healing. Surface free energy, as well as their roughness, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability rate, and antioxidant activity were determined. Moreover, their compatibility with blood and osteoblast cells was investigated. The irritation effect caused by hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films was also considered with the use of are constructed human epidermis model. The irritation effect for hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films by the in vitro method was also studied. The low surface free energy, surface roughness, and antioxidant activity presented by the obtained films were examined. All the tested compositions of hyaluronic acid/tannic acid films were hemocompatible, but only films based on 50HA/50TA were fully cytocompatible. Regarding the potential implantation, all the films except 80HA/20TA showed appropriate mechanical properties. The specimens did not exert the irritation effect during the studies involving reconstructed human epidermis.

  • Hybrid geothermal-fossil power cycle analysis in a Polish setting with a focus on off-design performance and CO2 emissions reductions
    • Kacper Szturgulewski
    • Jerzy Głuch
    • Marta Drosińska-Komor
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Andrzej Gardzilewicz
    • Katarzyna Brzezińska-gołębiewska
    2024 ENERGY

    Growing demand for electricity due to economic development contributes to increased greenhouse gas production, especially CO2. However, emissions can be limited by enhancing the efficiency of primary energy conversion, such as integrating geothermal energy into coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes replacing conventional feed-water heaters with geothermal preheaters to create a hybridized system. This study was based on a numerical model validated at a selected Polish power unit. The model was subsequently calibrated for off-design conditions to facilitate partial load analysis. The obtained characteristics outperformed those of the non-hybrid unit, generating over 18 MW of electric power output. Such an improvement could potentially boost the unit’s net efficiency by more than 2.6%. This enhancement is significant as power units typically operate under part load for approximately 90% of the time, hence the need to evaluate the performance characteristics of hybridized units in those states. Furthermore, the research outlines the potential decrease in the plant’s CO2 emission factor, with reductions reaching up to 6.5% under off-design conditions. Based on a gap analysis of the existing literature, this paper’s comprehensive partial load evaluation serves as a new addition to research on hybridized systems.

  • Hybrid Laboratory of Radio Communication With Online Simulators and Remote Access
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    • Jacek Stefański
    2024 IEEE Transactions on Education

    Contribution: Two toolsets for the remote teaching of radio communication laboratory classes: 1) online simulators for individual work of students and 2) a remote access system to laboratory workstations for group work. Initial assumptions and method of implementation of both tools are presented. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a change in teaching at all levels of education. The specificity of practical classes, such as laboratories, means that the tools used must often be atypical, prepared for a specific type of activity. Intended Outcomes: Hybrid laboratory with tools for remote learning in the form of online simulators and remote access to laboratory workstations, enabling students to achieve the same educational results in the field of radiocommunication as presential classes. Application Design: Online simulators were prepared as Javascript code run in a Web browser as part of a html page, which provide easy integration with various learning platforms and Web servers. The remote access system uses Javascript code for the user interface and a gateway server based on an Apache Web server and FastCGI interface to communicate with C/C++ programs responsible for controlling measuring equipment. Findings: Online simulators have been positively assessed by students during two years of remote learning, but comparison of the grades from remote and presential classes is inconclusive. The obtained grades were comparable in the first year of remote laboratories, but they were worse in the second year than the grades from classroom learning. The system for remote access to the laboratory stands has not yet been evaluated.

  • Hybrid use of the building as a method supporting epidemic safety
    • Rafał Janowicz
    • Wacław Szarejko
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2024 Full text MEDYCYNA PRACY

    The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changing organisational and technical requirements in the operation of treatment facilities. This paper summarises the available knowledge on the principles of hybrid design of the architecture of treatment units to ensure that different levels of sanitary and hygienic safeguards can be implemented. The basis of this narrative overview is an analysis of the existing Polish legislation on required personnel protection measures and the European Commission’s recommendations for the long-term optimisation of building operating costs. In addition, due to the multifaceted and complex nature of the issue, the review was extended to include an example of practice in the technical adaptation of medical buildings for hybrid use in the event of a pan- demic of an aetiological agent of risk category III, as a confirmation of the postulate regarding the need to modify the guidelines for the architectural design of the space of medical units, particularly those involved in the care of the elderly.

  • Hybridized PWM Strategy for Three- and Multiphase Three-Level NPC Inverters
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Dmytro Kondratenko
    • Charles Odeh
    2024 Full text IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

    A simple hybridized pulsewidth modulation (PWM) algorithm for three- and multiphase three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters is proposed. The proposed solution is based on classical space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithms for two-level inverters but can also be based on sinusoidal PWM with min–max injection. An additional level of output voltage is obtained by modifying the resulting switching patterns taking into account the actual dc-link voltages. In the case of SVPWM algorithms, such an approach eliminates the need to find the subsector where the reference voltage vector is located. It is also not necessary to analyze the changes in the position and length of active vectors in the case of dc-link voltage imbalance. DC-link voltage balancing is achieved by modifying the switching pattern, taking into account the values and direction of phase currents and actual dc-link voltages. Also, the algorithm optimizes the switching pattern and eliminates unnecessary switching instances. The proposed approach utilizes both space vector analysis and independent control of individual inverter-legs. The latter is peculiar to carrier-based PWM; hence, the proposed solution is termed hybridized PWM. Presented experimental tests and results validated the proposed control concept and algorithm for three- and multiphase NPC inverters