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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Sensorless five-phase induction motor drive with third harmonic injection and inverter output filter
    • Patrick Strankowski
    • Jarosław Guziński
    • Marcin Morawiec
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Filip Wilczyński
    2020 Full text Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences

    The paper presents a sensorless control approach for a five-phase induction motor drive with third harmonic injection and inverter output filter. In the case of the third harmonic injection being utilised in the control, the physical machine has to be divided into two virtual machines that are controlled separately and independently. The control system structure is presented in conjunction with speed and rotor flux observers that are required for a speed sensorless implementation of the drive. The last section is dedicated to experimental results of the drive system in sensorless operation, and the uninterrupted drive operation for two open-phase faults.

  • Sensorless Rotor Position Estimation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based on Backstepping Technique
    • Marcin Morawiec
    • Krzysztof Blecharz
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    2020 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

    This paper proposes a speed observer algorithm for the sensorless control of a doubly-fed induction generator based on classical adaptive backstepping technique. The sensorless control is shown using classic stator field oriented control which is used to active and reactive power control. Performance of the proposed algorithm of a speed observer is validated by simulation and experimental results obtained using a small-rating generator and bidirectional voltage source converter. The stability analysis of the presented solution with regard to observer gains changes is also considered.

  • Service-based Resilience for Embedded IoT Networks
    • Doganalp Ergenc
    • Jacek Rak
    • Mathias Fischer
    2020

    Embedded IoT networks are the backbone of safety-critical systems like smart factories, autonomous vehicles, and airplanes. Therefore, resilience against failures and attacks should be a prior concern already in their design stage. In this study, we introduce a service-based network model as an MILP optimization problem for the efficient deployment of a service overlay to the embedded network by meeting QoS and resilience requirements. We show the complexity and boundaries of the problem and propose several heuristics to relax the service deployment phase and increase the fault-tolerance against node and link failures. Our results indicate that the heuristics achieve results close to the optimum for small sizes of the problem with up to 10^8 time faster solution time. We also show that the heuristics can solve larger problem sizes and can maintain the service availability for 85% of all potential single node failures.

  • SERVICE-ORIENTED CYBERSPACE FOR IMPROVING CYBERSECURITY
    • Henryk Krawczyk
    2020 Full text TASK Quarterly

    The paper presents a cyberspace model where different categories of IT services are offered and used largely. A general cybersecurity policy is considered and the corresponding cybersecurity strategies are shown. The role of such technologies as: Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Big Data is analyzed in order to improve the cybersecurity of a cyberspace. A new kind of service oriented cyberspace is proposed and its main properties are emphasized. Two simple examples of such cyberspaces are given and briefly discussed.

  • Set of Experience and Decisional DNA: Experience-Based Knowledge Structures
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    This chapter presents a description of Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA), argumentation for a knowledge representation, composition, configuration and metrics. SOEKS is a combination of filtered and amalgamated information obtained from formal decision events. It facilitates effective explicit representation of decisional experience taken from different technologies. SOEKS comprises variables, functions, constraints and rules associated in a DNA shape, allowing the construction of enterprises’ fingerprints called Decisional DNA. SOEKS possesses characteristics that potentialize it as a more precise knowledge representation in a world guided by sensitive dependence and uncertainty, that is, SOEKS is a suitable representation for decisional explicit knowledge that has been gifted with capabilities to manage uncertainty, preciseness and incompleteness. Furthermore, SOEKS extends into the so-called DDNA due to the characterization and aggrupation of SOEKS into different classes termed decisional chromosomes. Such decisional chromosomes simulate specialized genes that when placed together create the decisional experience of an enterprise, the Decisional DNA.

  • SEWAGE SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR KAMIEŃ VILLAGE IN THE COMMUNE OF SZEMUD
    • Dominika Grubba
    2020

    The aim of this thesis is to solve a disturbing problem, which is illegal sewage discharge, without any previous treatment in a village Kamień, Szemud commune, Poland, by developing a multivariate sewerage system concept. The introduction submits the theory concerning the division of sewer systems as well as the wastewater treatment’s level. Moreover, there is also the problem of rural sanitation presented and main locality – Kamień description. Furthermore, two variants of the sewage network, meaning: one, that is connecting to an existing network in the village and second one, that is discharging wastewater into the local sewage treatment plant are precisely defined. Calculation part presents all necessary steps to select sewagetubes and wastewater treatment plants. Lastly, there is also a graphic summary of entire solution for the village Kamień presented in this work.

  • Shading, Dusting and Incorrect Positioning of Photovoltaic Modules as Important Factors in Performance Reduction
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the potential arising from the location. During the operation of a photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to limit the shading of the modules caused by both dust and shadowing by trees or other objects. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the radiation reaching the surface of the radiation module on the efficiency obtained. Each of the analyzed aspects is important for obtaining the greatest amount of energy in specific geographical conditions. Modules contaminated by settling dust will be less efficient than those without deposits. The results of experimental studies of this effect are presented, depending on the amount of impurities, including their origins and morphologies. In practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate shadowing caused by trees, uneven terrain, other buildings, chimneys, or satellite dishes, and so on, which limits the energy of solar radiation reaching the modules. An analysis of partial shading for the generated power was also carried out. An important way for maximizing the incoming radiation is the correct positioning of the modules relative to the sun. It is considered optimal to position the modules relative to the light source, that is, the sun, so that the rays fall perpendicular to the surfaces of the modules. Any deviation in the direction of the rays results in a loss in the form of a decrease in the available power of the module. The most beneficial option would be to use sun-tracking systems, but they represent an additional investment cost, and their installations require additional space and maintenance. Therefore, the principle was adopted that stationary systems should be oriented to the south, using the optimal angle of inclination of the module surface appropriate for the location. This article presents the dependence of the decrease in obtained power on the angle of deviation from the optimal one.

  • Shallow Water Equations as a Mathematical Model of Whitewater Course Hydrodynamics
    • Michał Szydłowski
    • Patrycja Mikos-Studnicka
    2020 GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences

    Predicting the positions of local hydraulic phenomena, as well as accurately esti-mating the depth and velocity of the water flow are necessary to correctly config-ure a whitewater canoeing course. Currently, a laboratory and full 3D CFD model-ing are typically used in the design process to meet these needs. The article points to another possibility which can be useful at the preliminary stage of the design. The authors show that a mathematical model of depth-averaged free-surface flow can reliably predict the basic flow dynamics and location of some hydraulic local effects within a whitewater open channel. The results of a numerical simula-tion of the transcritical flow were compared to the flow parameters measured in a laboratory model of a constriction in an open-channel flow. A satisfactory agreement between the measurements and calculated flow parameters was ob-served along with the proper reconstruction of hydraulic local effects. It can be concluded that the proposed simplified approach to modeling is an efficient method to investigate the main hydraulic features of whitewater flow needed at the concept stage of the design process. This means that cost and time-consuming laboratory and CFD modeling is necessary only at a later stage of the design, after the initial concept of the canoe course has been completed.

  • Shallow Water Experiment of OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communications
    • Iwona Kochańska
    • Jan Schmidt
    • Jacek Marszal
    2020 Full text Archives of Acoustics

    The large variability of communication properties of underwater acoustic channels, and especially the strongly varying instantaneous conditions in shallow waters, is a challenge for the designers of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. The use of phase modulated signals does not allow reliable data transmission through such a tough communication channel. However, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), being a multi-carrier amplitude and phase modulation technique applied successfully in the latest standards of wireless communications, gives the chance of reliable communication with an acceptable error rate. This paper describes communication tests conducted with the use of a laboratory model of an OFDM data transmission system in a shallow water environment in Wdzydze Lake.

  • Shape memory thin films of Polyurethane: Does graphene content affect the recovery behavior of Polyurethane nanocomposites?
    • Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani
    • Babak Kaffashi
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    2020 POLYMER COMPOSITES

    Thin nanocomposite films of polyurethane have received remarkable attention due to their shape memory properties. As most of the reports focus on the beneficial aspects of the presence of nanofillers such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) introduced into shape memory polymers, some research results reveal the opposite trend. The polyether/polyester-based polyurethane was synthesized through a condensation polymerization and the nanocomposite films containing 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt.% of GNPs were prepared by the solvent casting method. The Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to investigate the chemical structure of nanocomposite films. The properties of nanocomposite films were verified by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, and the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The shape memory properties were studied through various thermomechanical cycles applied by the DMA apparatus. All the nanocomposite films showed larger glassy storage moduli compared with those of the neat PU films. The nanocomposite film containing 0.25 wt.% GNPs showed the highest shape recovery ratio (92.4%) since the net-point effect of GNPs dominates its slipping effect. While for the other nanocomposite films the slippage effect overcomes the net-point effect.

  • Shaping the competence of future spatial policymakers for small- and medium-sized towns
    • Piotr Lorens
    • Anna Golędzinowska
    2020 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    In this article, the authors aim to present issues addressed within the framework of the architecture and spatial development courses offered by the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (FA-GUT), Gdańsk, Poland. These issues concern competence in the education of future spatial planners and their readiness to deal with the development challenges facing small- and medium-sized towns. Within the article, the similarities and differences are pointed out that relate to curriculum structure and academic outcomes that can influence the professional profile of graduates. Similarities between the two courses enable identification of the most effective model. The article includes a summary of the educational problem, an outline of design studio profiles for both courses, comparison of the results achieved and conclusions regarding future educational efforts, including relevant lessons for other planning and engineering schools. The conclusions focus on the lessons learnt and suggest improvements that can be made worldwide within educational programmes.

  • Shared processor scheduling of multiprocessor jobs
    • Dariusz Dereniowski
    • Wiesław Kubiak
    2020 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

    We study a problem of shared processor scheduling of multiprocessor weighted jobs. Each job can be executed on its private processor and simultaneously on possibly many processors shared by all jobs. This simultaneous execution reduces their completion times due to the processing time overlap. Each of the m shared processors may charge a different fee but otherwise the processors are identical. The goal is to maximize the total weighted overlap of all jobs. This is a key problem in subcontractor scheduling in extended enterprises and supply chains, and in divisible load scheduling in computing. We introduce synchronized schedules that complete each job that uses some shared processor at the same time on its private and on the shared processors. We prove that, quite surprisingly, the synchronized schedules include optimal ones. We obtain an α-approximation algorithm that runs in strongly polynomial time for the problem, where α = 1/2 + 1/(4(m+1)). This improves the 1/2-approximation reported recently in the literature to 5/8-approximation for a single shared processor problem, m=1. The computational complexity of the problem, both in case of single and multi-shared processor, remains open. We show however an LP-based optimal algorithm for antithetical instances where for any pair of jobs j and i, if the processing time of j is smaller than or equal to the processing time of i, then the weight of j is greater than or equal to the weight of i.

  • Shear Cap Size Selection Method Based on Parametric Analysis of ACI-318 Code and Eurocode 2 Standard
    • Maciej Grabski
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    2020 Full text Materials

    The scope of the paper is to propose a method for determining the size of shear caps in a slab–column-connections-reinforced concrete structure. Usually, shear heads are used to enhance slab–column connection, especially when the transverse reinforcement does not give the required punching shear load capacity. The dimensions of the shear head should provide the punching shear resistance of the connection inside and outside the enhanced region. The process of selecting the size of the shear head is iterative. The parametric analysis of the ACI 318 code and EC2 standard has the objective of indicating which control perimeter (inside or outside the shear head) has a decisive impact on the punching shear capacity of the connection. Based on the analysis, the authors propose methods for selecting the dimensions of the shear head with practical application examples. The paper is intended to provide scientists, civil engineers, and designers with guidelines to design the process of the slab–column connections with the shear caps.

  • Shear resistance of low height precast concrete lintels
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    • Jarosław Kondrat
    • Marek Wesołowski
    2020 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering

    The scope of the paper is to investigate analytically and determine experimentally the shear resistance of low height reinforced precast concrete lintels. The chosen procedures included in national and international standards applied for the design of structural concrete elements to an estimation of shear behaviour of reinforced concrete elements are described. The characteristic and designed shear strength of precast concrete lintels are determined and compared with experimentally obtained results. The shear resistance for precast concrete lintels was determined by laboratory tests according to a European standard. The assessment of the in-situ compressive strength of concrete in precast concrete lintel is specified. The designed compressive strength class is confirmed. The real reinforcement distribution is verified to assess the wide scatter of experimentally obtained failure forces. A short literature outlook of the papers concerning investigations on lintels and shear resistance of concrete is given also. The paper can provide scientists, engineers, and designers a theoretical and experimental basis in the field of precast concrete lintels shear resistance.

  • Short and Long Term Measurements in Assessment of FRP Composite Footbridge Behavior
    • Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
    • Łukasz Pyrzowski
    • Bartosz Sobczyk
    2020 Full text Materials

    The paper presents application of different sensors for the purpose of short and long term measurements, as well as a structural health monitoring (SHM) system to assess the behavior of a novel fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) composite footbridge. The aim is to present a thorough and concise description of these sensors networks and results gathered with their aid during in situ measurement of strains, displacements, and vibrations, as only a few works are available in this field. The bridge geometry, material solutions, and properties are described at first. Then the measurement devices composing the system and subsystems of sensors are elaborated on. Subsequently, the bridge research program is described and the results are shown and discussed. Finally, it is concluded that the use of selected sensors is helpful in assessment of the behavior of the novel structure, and moreover in validation of its numerical models. The collected data confirmed many assumptions made during the bridge design process and allowed us to accept it for exploitation.

  • SHORT REVIEW AND 3-D FEM ANALYSIS OF BASIC TYPES OF FOUNDATION FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES
    • Piotr Iwicki
    • Jarosław Przewłócki
    2020 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    Some problems of the foundations of offshore wind turbines are considered in this paper. A short review is presented on the two basic types of foundations, i.e. monopiles and gravity foundations, including their basic features and applications as well as general design considerations. Also, some issues regarding analysis are discussed, including geotechnical problems and modelling techniques. A numerical model of offshores turbine and some preliminary computations are presented. Finite element analysis was carried out for wind turbines supported on both gravity and monopile foundations. The wind turbine tower, blades (simplified model), gravity foundation and part of the surrounding soil are included in the model. The turbine was loaded by wind and loads induced by waves, inertia and gravity. Both non-linear static and dynamic analysis of the wind turbine was performed. The displacements and stresses under the tower foundations were calculated and a comparison analysis carried out.

  • Short-range order structure and free volume distribution in liquid bismuth: X-ray diffraction and computer simulations studies
    • Valeriy Plechystyy
    • Ihor Shtablavyi
    • Szymon Winczewski
    • Kamil Rybacki
    • Stepan Mudry
    • Jarosław Rybicki
    2020 PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE

    The structure of liquid bismuth was studied by X-ray diffraction and computer simulation methods. The contraction of the atomic structure within the first coordination sphere in the temperature interval of 575- 1225 K is reported. The temperature dependencies of the coordination numbers and of the free volume are analysed. On the basis of the temperature dependencies of the free volume, the temperature dependencies of viscosity and the self-diffusion coefficient were calculated to be in the ranges from 1.17 to 0.86 mPa s and from 2.18 × 10 −9 to 5.44 × 10 −9 m 2 /s, respectively. The free volume – extracted results are in fair agreement with the experimental data and with the results obtained in the molecular dynamics simulations

  • Short-term Price Reaction to Involuntary Bankruptcies Filed in Bad Faith: Empirical Evidence from Poland
    • Błażej Prusak
    • Marcin Potrykus
    2020 Full text European Research Studies Journal

    Purpose: Assessing the reaction of the prices of shares of companies listed in the Warsaw Stock Exchange to the public disclosure of information about the filing a bankruptcy petition in bad faith by creditors. Design/Methodology/Approach: Event study analysis. Findings: It can therefore be assumed that the filing of an unfounded bankruptcy petition does not, in the short term, have a statistically significant negative impact on the share price of the company being the subject of the petition Practical Implications: When information about the filing a bankruptcy petition appears and creditors submitted it in bad faith, it has not a negative impact on the share price in short term. It can be said that submitting such information is not an opportunity for an investor to receive an abnormal rate of return. Originality/value: Although there are many research results using event study analysis most of them are related to the US market. The originality of this paper is that this research is dedicated to petitions in bad faith for a selected developing country.

  • Shoulder ultrasound in the diagnosis of the suprascapular neuropathy in athletes
    • Barbara Igielska-Bela
    • Boguslaw Baczkowski
    • Karol Flisikowski
    2020 Full text Open Medicine

    Purpose: Shoulder pain and weakness are common symptoms in athletes who play sports connected with overhead throwing. Suprascapular neuropathy may be one of the reason of such signs.The aim of the study was to find out if ultrasound examination of the shoulder in athletes reveals signs of suprascapular neuropathy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 67 pro- fessional volleyball, handball and rugby players of polish teams without shoulder disorders, which have played sport for 10 or more years, were included. An ultrasound examination of both shoulders was performed. Exclud- ing criteria were recent shoulder and/or neck trauma and neurological disorders. Results: No ultrasound signs of suprascapular neuropathy were seen in any player. The only finding was enthesop- athy of supraspinatus muscle and this finding was con- nected with athletes’ age, type of sport and with dominant hand. It had statistical significance with p-value respec- tively 0.01 for athletes’ age, 0.0208 for sport type and 0.03 for dominant hand. Conclusions: Ultrasonography should not be used as the screening examination of shoulders in athletes, but it can sometimes be an additional tool to help to diagnose shoul- der disorders.

  • SiC-Based Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT) for 3 kV DC Rail Traction
    • Marek Adamowicz
    • Janusz Szewczyk
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    The design of rolling stock plays a key role in the attractiveness of the rail transport. Train design must strictly meet the requirements of rail operators to ensure high quality and cost-eective services. Semiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) have reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in traction power converters. SiC transistors oering energy savings, quieter operation, improved reliability and reduced maintenance costs have become the choice for the next-generation railway power converters and are quickly replacing the IGBT technology which has been used for decades. The paper describes the design and development of a novel SiC-based DC power electronic traction transformer (PETT) intended for electric multiple units (EMUs) operated in 3 kV DC rail traction. The details related to the 0.5 MVA peak power medium voltage prototype, including the electrical design of the main building blocks are presented in the first part of the paper. The second part deals with the implementation of the developed SiC-based DC PETT into a regional train operating on a 3 kV DC traction system. The experimental results obtained during the testing are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed 3 kV DC PETT prototype.

  • Signal propagation in electromagnetic media described by fractional-order models
    • Tomasz Stefański
    • Jacek Gulgowski
    2020 Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation

    In this paper, signal propagation is analysed in electromagnetic media described by fractional-order (FO) models (FOMs). Maxwell’s equations with FO constitutive relations are introduced in the time domain. Then, their phasor representation is derived for one-dimensional case of the plane wave propagation. With the use of the Fourier transformation, the algorithm for simulation of the non-monochromatic wave propagation is introduced. Its implementation in Matlab allows for generation of time-domain waveforms of signals propagating in the media described by FOMs. It is demonstrated that despite high attenuation, a small perturbation of the time-derivative orders in Maxwell’s equations allows for tuning of the time of signal arrival to the observation point. In all the cases studied, the rate of pulse advancement increases, with simultaneous decrease of the value of the time-derivative orders in FO Maxwell’s equations.

  • Signature of Oxide-Ion Conduction in Alkaline-Earth-Metal-Doped Y3GaO6
    • Pragati Singh
    • Raghvendra Pandey
    • Tadeusz Miruszewski
    • Kacper Dzierzgowski
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Prabhakar Singh
    2020 Full text ACS Omega

    We have studied alkaline-earth-metal-doped Y3GaO6 as a new family of oxide-ion conductor. Solid solutions of Y3GaO6 and 2% −Ca2+-, −Sr2+-, and −Ba2+-doped Y3GaO6, i.e., Y(3−0.06)M0.06GaO6−δ (M = Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+), were prepared via a conventional solid-state reaction route. X-ray Rietveld refined diffractograms of all the compositions showed the formation of an orthorhombic structure having the Cmc21 space group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the substitution of alkaline-earth metal ions promotes grain growth. Aliovalent doping of Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ enhanced the conductivity by increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration. However, among all of the studied dopants, 2% Ca2+-doped Y3GaO6 was found to be more effective in increasing the ionic conductivity as ionic radii mismatch is minimum for Y3+/Ca2+. The total conductivity of 2% Ca-doped Y3GaO6 composition calculated using the complex impedance plot was found to be ∼0.14 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 700 °C, which is comparable to many other reported solid electrolytes at the same temperature, making it a potential candidate for future electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Total electrical conductivity measurement as a function of oxygen partial pressure suggests dominating oxide-ion conduction in a wide range of oxygen partial pressure (ca. 10−20−10−4 atm). The oxygen-ion transport is attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies that arise from doping and conducting oxide-ion layers of one, two-, or three-dimensional channels within the crystal structure. The oxide-ion migration pathways were analyzed by the bond valence site energy (BVSE)-based approach. Photoluminescence analysis, dilatometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies were also performed to verify the experimental findings.

  • Signature Partitioning Using Selected Population-Based Algorithms
    • Marcin Zalasiński
    • Krzysztof Cpałka
    • Tacjana Niksa-Rynkiewicz
    • Yoichi Hayashi
    2020

    Dynamic signature is a biometric attribute which is commonly used for identity verification. Artificial intelligence methods, especially population-based algorithms (PBAs), can be very useful in the dynamic signature verification process. They are able to, among others, support selection of the most characteristic descriptors of the signature or perform signature partitioning. In this paper, we focus on creating the most characteristic signature partitions using different PBAs and comparing their effectiveness. The simulations whose results are presented in this paper were performed using the BioSecure DS2 database distributed by the BioSecure Association.

  • Silica Gel Impregnated by Deep Eutectic Solvents for Adsorptive Removal of BTEX from Gas Streams
    • Patrycja Makoś
    • Edyta Słupek
    • Aleksandra Małachowska
    2020 Full text Materials

    The paper presents the preparation of new adsorbents based on silica gel (SiO2) impregnated with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to increase benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) adsorption efficiency from gas streams. The DESs were synthesized by means of choline chloride, tetrapropylammonium bromide, levulinic acid, lactic acid, and phenol. The physico-chemical properties of new sorbent materials, including surface morphology and structures, as well as porosity, were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The effect of DESs type, flow rate, and initial concentration of BTEX were also investigated followed by regeneration and reusability of adsorbents. The results indicate that SiO2 impregnated with tetrapropylammonium bromide and lactic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio have great potential for the removal of BTEX from gas streams. Its adsorption capacity was higher than the pure SiO2 and other developed SiO2-DES adsorbents. This result can be explained by the specific interaction between DESs and BTEX, i.e., hydrogen bonds interaction.

  • Silicon Oxycarbide-Graphite Electrodes for High-Power Energy Storage Devices
    • Dominik Knozowski
    • Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
    2020 Full text Materials

    Herein we present a study on polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/graphite composites for a potential application as an electrode in high power energy storage devices, such as Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC). The composites were processed using high power ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis followed by pyrolysis. The intensive sonication enhances gelation and drying process, improving the homogenous distribution of the graphitic flakes in the preceramic blends. The physicochemical investigation of SiOC/graphite composites using X-ray diffraction, 29Si solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy indicated no reaction occurring between the components. The electrochemical measurements revealed enhanced capacity (by up to 63%) at high current rates (1.86 A g−1) recorded for SiOC/graphite composite compared to the pure components. Moreover, the addition of graphite to the SiOC matrix decreased the value of delithiation potential, which is a desirable feature for anodes in LIC.

  • Simplified Approach for Broadband RF Testing of Low Loss Magneto-Dielectric Samples
    • Nilesh K. Tiwari
    • Surya P. Singh
    • Abhishek Jha
    • M. Jaleel Akhtar
    2020 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

    In this paper, an attractive measurement techniqueis proposed to retrieve the broadband permittivity and permeabil-ity of the magneto-dielectric materials. The proposed techniqueis quite novel which mitigates the major problems associatedwith the conventional broadband RF material characterizationtechniques such as numerical instability and phase uncertaintywhen the length of the sample exceeds the integer multipleof half-wavelength. The approach adopted in this paper isquite unique as it alleviates the error normally caused by thesensitive phase measurement, since it only employs the relativeamplitude of the scattering parameters, thus minimizing themeasurement uncertainty. The proposed methodology here isbased on the development of a unified scheme for the retrieval ofdielectric and magnetic properties of magneto-dielectric samples,which is first tested for a number of reference samples usingthe numerically generated scattering coefficient data. Finally,the proposed technique is experimentally validated by measuringa number of standard samples over a broad microwave frequencyrange with the help of the coaxial line and the network analyzer.The dielectric and magnetic properties of samples retrieved usingthe proposed approach is always found to be in good agreementwith their actual values available in the literature

  • Simulating Power Generation from Photovoltaics in the Polish Power System Based on Ground Meteorological Measurements—First Tests Based on Transmission System Operator Data
    • Jakub Jurasz
    • Marcin Wdowikowski
    • Mariusz Figurski
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    The Polish power system is undergoing a slow process of transformation from coal to one that is renewables dominated. Although coal will remain a fundamental fuel in the coming years, the recent upsurge in installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) systems should draw significant attention. Owning to the fact that the Polish Transmission System Operator recently published the PV hourly generation time series in this article, we aim to explore how well those can be modeled based on the meteorological measurements provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The hourly time series of PV generation on a country level and irradiation, wind speed, and temperature measurements from 23 meteorological stations covering one month are used as inputs to create an artificial neural network. The analysis indicates that available measurements combined with artificial neural networks can simulate PV generation on a national level with a mean percentage error of 3.2%.

  • Simulation of Signal Propagation Along Fractional-Order Transmission Lines
    • Tomasz Stefański
    • Damian Trofimowicz
    • Jacek Gulgowski
    2020

    In this paper, the simulation method of signal propagation along fractional-order (FO) transmission lines is presented. Initially, fractional calculus and the model of FO transmission line are introduced. Then, the algorithm allowing for simulation of the nonmonochromatic wave propagation along FO transmission lines is presented. It employs computations in the frequency domain, i.e., an analytical excitation is transformed to the frequency domain, multiplications with phase factors are executed, and finally the result is transformed back to the time domain. This algorithm involves elementary functions only and the fast Fourier transformation, hence, computations are numerically efficient and accurate. However, applicability of the method is limited by the sampling theorem. Numerical results are presented allowing for the evaluation of the method.

  • Simulation of Wave Propagation in Media Described by Fractional-Order Models
    • Tomasz Stefanski
    • Jacek Gulgowski
    2020 Full text

    In this paper, algorithms for simulation of the wave propagation in electromagnetic media described by fractional-order (FO) models (FOMs) are presented. Initially, fractional calculus and FO Maxwell's equations are introduced. The problem of the wave propagation is formulated for media described by FOMs. Then, algorithms for simulation of the non-monochromatic wave propagation are presented which employ computations in the time domain (TD) and the frequency domain (FD). In the TD algorithm, the electromagnetic field is computed as a convolution of an excitation with Green's function formulated based on an improper integral and the Mittag-Leffler function. On the other hand, the FD algorithm transforms an analytic excitation to FD, executes multiplications with phase factors, and finally transfers back result to TD. This algorithm involves elementary functions only, hence, computations are significantly faster and accurate with its use. However, applicability of the FD algorithm is limited by the sampling theorem. Numerical results and computation times obtained with the use of both algorithms are presented and discussed in detail.

  • Simulation-Driven Antenna Modeling by Means of Response Features and Confined Domains of Reduced Dimensionality
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2020 Full text IEEE Access

    In recent years, the employment of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools has become imperative in the antenna design mainly for reliability reasons. While the CPU cost of a single simulation is rarely an issue, the computational overhead associated with EM-driven tasks that require massive EM analyses may become a serious bottleneck. A widely used approach to lessen this cost is the employment of surrogate models, especially data-driven ones: versatile and easily accessible. Yet, one of the unresolved issues remains the curse of dimensionality. Standard modeling techniques are merely capable of rendering surrogates for low-dimensional cases within narrow parameter ranges. In pursuit to overcome these limitations, a novel technique has been recently proposed, where the overall modeling process is carried out within a confined domain, set up based on performance specifications and spectral analysis of an auxiliary set of reference designs. This work offers a further development of the aforementioned method. Instead of tackling the entire antenna responses, only the selected characteristic points (relevant to the figures of interest considered in the antenna design process) are handled. This allows for achieving excellent model accuracy at a low computational cost. The proposed approach can be an attractive modeling alternative for systems with well-structured characteristics.

  • Simulations of hydro-fracking in rock mass at meso-scale using fully coupled DEM/CFD approach
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Jan Kozicki
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2020 Full text Acta Geotechnica

    The paper deals with two-dimensional (2D) numerical modelling of hydro-fracking (hydraulic fracturing) in rocks at the meso-scale. A numerical model was developed to characterize the properties of fluid-driven fractures in rocks by combining the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The mechanical behaviour of the rock matrix was simulated with DEM and the behaviour of the fracturing fluid flow in newly developed and pre- existing fractures with CFD. The changes in the void geometry in the rock matrix were taken into account. The initial 2D hydro-fracking simulation tests were carried out for a rock segment under biaxial compression with one injection slot in order to validate the numerical model. The qualitative effect of several parameters on the propagation of a hydraulic fracture was studied: initial porosity of the rock matrix, dynamic viscosity of the fracking fluid, rock strength and pre- existing fracture. The characteristic features of a fractured rock mass due to a high-pressure injection of fluid were realistically modelled by the proposed coupled approach.

  • Simultaneous optical and electrochemical label-free biosensing with ITO-coated lossy-mode resonance sensor
    • Mateusz Śmietana
    • Marcin Koba
    • Petr Sezemsky
    • Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska
    • Dariusz Burnat
    • Vitezslav Stranak
    • Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2020 Full text BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

    In this work we discuss a new label-free biosensing device based on indium tin oxide (ITO) overlaid section of a multimode optical fiber fused silica core. The sensor has been used to optical measurements also simultaneously interrogated electrochemically (EC). Due to optimized thickness and optical properties of ITO film, a lossy-mode resonance (LMR) could be observed in the optical domain, where electrical properties of the film allowed for application of the sensor as a working electrode in an EC setup. It has been confirmed that the LMR response depends on optical properties of the external medium, as well as potential applied to the electrode during cyclic voltammetry. After the ITO surface functionalization with amine groups and covalently attached biotin, the device has been applied for label-free biosensing of avidin in both the domains simultaneously. On the example of biotin-avidin detection system it was demonstrated that when avidin concentration increases a decrease in current and increase in LMR wavelength shift were recorded in EC and optical domain, respectively. Both optical and EC responses follow the protein interaction process, and thus can be used as cross-verification of the readouts. Moreover, an extended information has been achieved comparing to solely EC interrogation, i.e., the grafting process of biotin and avidin was directly monitored optically displaying individual steps of an incubation procedure.

  • Simultaneous Removal of Hexane and Ethanol from Air in a Biotrickling Filter—Process Performance and Monitoring Using Electronic Nose
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2020 Full text Sustainability

    Biofiltration is a well-accepted method for the removal of malodorous compounds from air streams. Interestingly, the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. The aim of this paper was to investigate the simultaneous removal of hydrophobic hexane with hydrophilic ethanol, resulting in the enhanced removal of hexane in the presence of ethanol. Investigations were performed in a peat-perlite packed biotrickling filter and the process performance was monitored using both gas chromatography and electronic nose techniques. The results indicate that the length as well as the eciency of biofiltration during the start-up period depend on the feed composition, with higher eciency obtained when hexane and ethanol were fed together from the process initiation. The experiments in the steady-state period present the biofilter performance when dierent ratios of hydrophilic to hydrophobic compounds were fed to the biofilter. The obtained results show the synergistic eects of the addition of a hydrophilic compound on the removal eciency of hydrophobic hexane. The influence of the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic compounds is discussed in terms of enhancing the mass transfer phenomena for hydrophobic volatile organic compounds.

  • Simultaneous voltammetric determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions captured by Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures of various outer amino chain length
    • Amanda Kulpa
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Grzegorz Schroeder
    • Adrian Koterwa
    • Jacek Sein Anand
    • Tadeusz Ossowski
    • Paweł Niedziałkowski
    2020 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    In the present study, we examined a novel functionalised magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2-Nn as a nano adsorbent for binding of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ ions in an aqueous solution. First, we obtained the nanoparticles functionalised with various carbon chains containing different number of amino groups: (3-amino)propyltriethoxysilane (Fe3O4@SiO2-N1), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Fe3O4@SiO2-N2) and N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (Fe3O4@SiO2-N3). In the next step, we conducted their characterisation using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and XPS methods. The detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ metal ions was performed under optimised experimental conditions using DPASV and HDME techniques. Using these methods we conducted the Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ binding comparison in 4.5 μM concentration with 4 mg of Fe3O4@SiO2-Nn. Obtained results show that the adsorption rate of each ion differs due to the nanoparticles modification. The highest Pb2+ binding capacity was achieved using Fe3O4@SiO2-N1 and Fe3O4@SiO2-N2. The smallest binding capacity was observed for Cd2+ ions by Fe3O4@SiO2-N2 and Fe3O4@SiO2-N1. The Cd2+ biding was not observed for both Fe3O4@SiO2-N2 and Fe3O4@SiO2-N3 nanoparticles. Additionally, Pb2+ was not bound by Fe3O4@SiO2-N3. The research results show that the Fe3O4@SiO2-N3 nanoparticles bind copper ions with high selectivity. For the first time we performed the adsorption-desorption experiments using DPASV to prove the Cu2+ binding activity of Fe3O4@SiO2-N3 nanoparticles. Obtained results indicate that examined nanoparticles show strong binding capability. Additionally, we obtained 99.9% recovery of Cu2+ ions.

  • Single and Three -Phase PWM AC/AC Converters as Semiconductor Transformers
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Natalia Strzelecka
    2020 Full text

    AC voltage transformation circuits contain pure or reactance PWM AC/AC converters. These circuits can be treated as AC/AC semiconductor transformers. This paper reviews single-phase and three-phase topologies: both non-isolated and isolated, single as well as two quadrant structure. Additionally, this paper present selected examples of their applications.

  • Single crystal growth and physical properties of MCo2Al9 (M= Sr, Ba)
    • Zuzanna Ryżyńska
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Michał Winiarski
    2020 Full text JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY

    Single crystals of SrCo2Al and BaCo2Al9 were grown using a self-flux method. A LeBail analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that both compounds crystallize in a hexagonal (P6/mmm) crystal structure with lattice parameters: a ​= ​7.8995(1) Å, c ​= ​3.9159(1) Å for SrCo2Al9, and a ​= ​7.9162(2) Å, c ​= ​3.9702(1) Å for BaCo2Al9 aluminide. The low temperature analysis of the heat capacity measurements give a Sommerfeld coefficient γ ​= ​4.99(6) mJ mol−1 K−2 for SrCo2Al9 and almost twice larger γ ​= ​7.94(9) mJ mol−1 K−2 for BaCo2Al9. Resistivity measurements show metallic-like behavior, with reasonably large residual resistivity ratio RRR ​= ​6 and 10 for SrCo2Al9 and BaCo2Al9, respectively. Neither heat capacity nor resistivity measurements reveal any phase transition down to 1.8 ​K.

  • Single-step grown boron doped nanocrystalline diamond-carbon nanograss hybrid as an efficient supercapacitor electrode
    • Debosmita Banerjee
    • Kamatchi J Sankaran
    • Sujit Deshmukh
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Chien-Jui Yeh
    • Jacek Ryl
    • I-Nan Lin
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    • Aloke Kanjilal
    • Ken Haenen
    • Susanta Sinha Roy
    2020 NANOSCALE

    Direct synthesis of nano-structured carbon hybrid consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanograss on top of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond is demonstrated and the carbon hybrid is further applied as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitor. The hybrid film combines the dual advantages of sp2 (carbon nanograss) and sp3 (nanocrystalline diamond) bonded carbon, possessing not only the excellent electrical characteristics of sp2 carbon but also exceptional electrochemical stability of sp3 carbon. As a result, the specific capacitance of the as-prepared hybrid material reaches upto 0.4 F cm-2, one of the highest reported in diamond-based supercapacitors. The entire electrochemical results exhibit enhanced electron transfer efficiency with remarkable stability of 95% of capacitance retention even after 10000 cycles.

  • Skład chemiczny wód podziemnych dopływających z Pobrzeża Kaszubskiego do Zatoki Puckiej
    • Dawid Potrykus
    • Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres
    • Beata Jaworska-Szulc
    • Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka
    • Adam Szymkiewicz
    2020 Full text Przegląd Geologiczny

    Zatoka Pucka jest płytkim akwenem morskim szczególnie wrażliwym na dopływ biogenów z otaczających obszarów lądowych. Postępujący problem eutrofizacji wód zatoki wymaga podjęcia działań badawczych i naprawczych, w tym również odpowiedzi na pytanie czy i w jaki sposób spływające do zatoki wody podziemne wpływają na zjawisko eutrofizacji. Celem przeprowadzonych badań, przedstawionych w niniejszym artykule, było określenie składu chemicznego wód podziemnych wraz z analizą ich jakości na wysoczyznowym obszarze Pobrzeża Kaszubskiego. Analizując wyniki badań można uznać, iż skład chemiczny wydzielonych poziomów wodonośnych jest zbliżony. Wykazuje jednak zmienność parametrów hydrogeochemicznych w czasie, zmienność wraz ze wzrostem głębokości występowania wód podziemnych oraz mozaikowy rozkład przestrzenny. Zanieczyszczenie wód podziemnych dotyczy przede wszystkim wód poziomu zawieszonego Qz oraz górnego poziomu wodonośnego Q1, i występuje jedynie punktowo. Zatoka Pucka jest obszarem drenażu wód podziemnych poziomów Q1 i Q2. Stwierdzono, że w wodach podziemnych dopływających do zatoki stężenia większości analizowanych parametrów hydrogeochemicznych nie przekraczają norm jakościowych dla I i II klasy (wody bardzo dobrej i dobrej jakości).

  • Skośna kryza segmentowa do pomiaru przepływającego strumienia płynu
    • Andrzej Mrowiec
    • Marcin Heronimczak
    • Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
    2020

    Przedstawiono prototypową skośną kryzę segmentową, którą cechuje to, że w zwężkowym układzie pomiaru strumienia objętości wykorzystano pochyloną płaszczyznę kryzy segmentowej. Płyn napierając na kryzę spływa po jej powierzchni. Przyjęto kąt napływu α między płaszczyzną kryzy segmentowej a kierunkiem przepływu (osią rurociągu) mniejszy od kąta prostego. Wyniki symulacji numerycznych oraz badań przepływowych przez zwężkowy przepływomierz ze skośną kryzą segmentową, przy jej pochyleniu α = 60° i przewężeniu β = 0,5, przedstawiono w postaci wykresów i map rozkładu ciśnienia statycznego.

  • Skuteczność nowoczesnych algorytmów optymalizacji czerpiących inspirację z procesów naturalnych
    • Zuzanna Klawikowska
    • Bartosz Puchalski
    2020 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    Ze względu na nieistnienie uniwersalnego algorytmu optymalizacji rozwiązującego wszystkie problemy naukowo techniczne opracowywanie nowych i wydajniejszych obliczeniowo algorytmów optymalizacyjnych wciąż jest popularnym zadaniem. Przeglądając literaturę z dziedziny optymalizacji można zauważyć trend tworzenia „wymyślnych” algorytmów opartych na procesach naturalnych. W artykule sprawdzono skuteczność nowo powstałych algorytmów meta-heurystycznych zainspirowanych życiem owadów i zwierząt – czarnych wdów (algorytm BWO) oraz szarego wilka (algorytm GWO). Skuteczność działania wybranych algorytmów porównano z klasycznym algorytmem quasi Newtonowskim BFGS oraz strategią ewolucyjną CMA-ES, które charakteryzują się solidnym uwarunkowaniem matematycznym. W celach porównawczych wykorzystano 3 wybrane funkcje testowe. W ramach badań sprawdzono również wpływ liczby zmiennych decyzyjnych na czas uzyskiwania rozwiązania.

  • Slurry Surfacing Mixes on the Basis of Bitumen Modified with Phenol-Cresol-Formaldehyde Resin
    • Yuriy Demchuk
    • Volodymyr Gunka
    • Serhiy Pyshyev
    • Iurii Sidun
    • Yurii Hrynchuk
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    • Michael Bratychak
    2020 Full text Chemistry & Chemical Technology

    Slow-breaking monophase cationic bitumen emulsions have been produced on the basis of bitumen modified with phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resin (PhCR-F). Bitumen emulsions were used as a binder for thin-layer coatings with slurry surfacing mixes (SSM). Physical and technical parameters of modified and unmodified emulsions were determined and analyzed. The optimal compositions of SSM were selected according to the breaking criterion. The values of SSM wet track abrasion were determined. It was found that the addition of PhCR-F allows to improve the adhesion properties of the thin-layer coatings.

  • Small Vessel with Inboard Engine Retrofitting Concepts; Real Boat Tests, Laboratory Hybrid Drive Tests and Theoretical Studies
    • Wojciech Leśniewski
    • Daniel Piątek
    • Konrad Marszałkowski
    • Wojciech Litwin
    2020 Full text ENERGIES

    The development of modern technologies and their increasing availability, as well as the falling costs of highly ecient propulsion systems and power sources, have resulted in electric or hybrid propulsions systems’ growing popularity for use on watercraft. Presented in the paper are design and lab tests of a prototype parallel hybrid propulsion system. It describes a concept of retrofitting a conventionally powered nine meter-long vessel with the system, and includes results of power and eciency measurements, as well as calculations of the vessel’s operating range under the propulsion of its electric motor. The concept of adding of a solar panels array was studied.

  • Smart acoustic band structures
    • Wiktor Waszkowiak
    • Arkadiusz Żak
    • Magdalena Palacz
    • Marek Krawczuk
    2020

    Smart acoustic band structures exhibit very interesting and non-standard physical properties due to the periodic nature of their certain characteristic on different scale levels. They manifest mostly in their frequency spectra as socalled frequency band-gaps or stop-bands, what has a great impact on the behaviour of these structures in relation to the propagation of vibro-acoustic signals that can be transmitted through the structures in some precisely defined frequency bands. Properties of acoustic band structures are directly linked to their geometry on the level of the unit cell, which parameters determine structural dynamics of such structures on the macroscopic scale. Here the piezoelectric transducers play a significant role. The combined exploitation of active properties of acoustic band structures equipped with active piezoelectric elements, in order to filter or damp transmitted vibro-acoustic signals, allows for very effective their applications. In their paper, the authors present certain results of certain computer simulations by the time-domain spectral finite element method, related to 1-D smart active and passive acoustic band structures supplemented with experimental measurements.

  • Smart Decisional DNA Technology to Enhance Industry 4.0 Environment in Conjunction with Conventional Manufacturing
    • Imran Shafiq
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    Knowledge-based support has become an indispensable part not only to the traditional manufacturing set-ups but also to the new fast-emerging Industry 4.0 scenario. In this regard, successful research has been performed and extensively reported to develop Decisional DNA based knowledge representation models of engineering object and engineering process called Virtual engineering object (VEO), Virtual engineering process (VEP) and Virtual engineering factory (VEF). These models are the virtual representation of manufacturing resources, and with the help of IoT, are capable of capturing the past experience and formal decisions. In this chapter, a complete virtual manufacturing environment is summarized. Furthermore, the scope of this work is explained in the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) based Industry 4.0 framework. Four case studies are presented to validate the practical implementation of the proposed concept. In the first case the idea of VEO-VEP-VEF is applied to design an intelligent factory framework to achieve contextual information through real-time visualization. In the second study, the smart tool performance analysis is presented in which data of key tool parameters like tool life, surface integrity, tool forces, and chip formation can be sensed in real-time; also predictions can be made according to the specific requirements. In the third case study, the technique of Decisional DNA (DDNA) is applied to FMS to develop a generic model to achieve effective scheduling and manufacturing flexibility. In the last study, the framework to manage the storage, analysis, and processing of data, information, and knowledge of a typical CIM is presented. The benefits of this approach are manifold as it creates manufacturing DNA of a factory, felicitates in effective decision making, increases the rate of production, reduces errors and production waste, and streamlines manufacturing sub-systems. Moreover, and can be instrumental in designing Industry 4.0.

  • Smart Embedded Systems with Decisional DNA Knowledge Representation
    • Zhang Haoxi
    • Fei Li
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    Embedded systems have been in use since the 1970s. For most of their history embedded systems were seen simply as small computers designed to accomplish one or a few dedicated functions; and they were usually working under limited resources i.e. limited computing power, limited memories, and limited energy sources. As such, embedded systems have not drawn much attention from researchers, especially from those in the artificial intelligence area. Thanks to the efforts of scientists over recent years, great progress has been made in both computer hardware and software, which enables us to have much more powerful computers in very small sizes and with many more functions. Consequently, new expectations and needs for embedded systems have increased considerably. Today, smart embedded systems are expected, which are supposed to have capability to learn from past task executions and evolve their performance based on learnt knowledge, and assist users to make good decisions more efficiently. Therefore, how to make embedded systems smart is becoming one of the researchers’ new challenges. In this chapter, we introduce the Experience-Oriented Smart Embedded Systems (EOSES) that is proposed as a new technological scheme providing embedded systems with capabilities for experiential knowledge capturing, storage, reuse, evolving, and sharing. In this scheme, knowledge is represented as the Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS or shortly SOE) and organized as Decisional DNA. The scheme is mainly based on conceptual principles from embedded systems and knowledge management. The objective behind this research is to offer large-scale support for intelligent, autonomous, and coordinated knowledge management on various embedded systems. Several conceptual elements of this research have been implemented in testing prototypes, and the experimental results show that the EOSES scheme can not only provide active knowledge management to different embedded systems, it can also enable various systems to learn from their daily operations in many different fields to acquire valuable knowledge, assist decision making, reduce human workers’ workload, and improve the system’s performance. As a result, the EOSES has great potential for meeting today’s demands for embedded systems, and providing a universe knowledge management scheme for mass autonomous mechanisms.

  • Smart Innovation Engineering Using Set of Experience and Decisional DNA
    • Mohammad Waris
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    Knowledge-based Engineering Systems are founded upon integration of knowledge into computer systems and are one of the core requirements for the future Industry 4.0. Since the fourth industrial revolution is passing through the developing phase, implementation of Cyber-Physical Production Systems require more realistic approach. Knowledge Management and Knowledge Engineering plays an important role in manufacturing industries facing global competition. One of the most promising areas where Knowledge Management is studied and applied is product innovation. This chapter presents the idea of Smart Innovation Engineering (SIE) System based on Set of Experience and Decisional DNA that facilitates the process of product innovation. It collects the experiential knowledge from the formal decisional event from the group of similar products having some common functions and features. The SIE system behaves like a group of experts in its domain as it collects, captures and stores the experiential knowledge and reuses this experiential knowledge as well that ultimately enhances the innovation process. The analysis of basic concepts and implementation method proves that SIE system is an advanced form of Cyber Physical Systems. It is flexible, systematic, fast, and supports customization. It can play a vital role towards Industry 4.0 development.

  • Smart Services for Improving eCommerce
    • Andrzej Sobecki
    • Julian Szymański
    • Henryk Krawczyk
    • Higinio Mora-Mora
    • David Gil
    2020

    The level of customer support provided by the existing eCom-merce solutions assumes that the person using the functionality of theshop has sufficient knowledge to decide on the purchase transaction. Alow conversion rate indicates that customers are more likely to seekknowledge about the particular product than finalize the transaction.This is facilitated by the continuous development of customers’ digi-tal competencies, resulting in the increasing popularity of web servicesenabling the exchange of information, e.g. through social networks. Cur-rently the user act with eCommerce platform like a source of informa-tion. At the same time, he or she usually use more than one source ofinformation e.g., web portals, social networks, etc. The existing onlineshops seem unsuited to these trends because they remain simple tradingplatforms without integration with external web services and sources ofknowledge. New categories of smart services are suggested, enabling thenewly implemented eCommerce network platform to enhance the offeredknowledge and reduce the abandonment of the platform by the user. Ourempirical studies show an increase in the conversion rate in the case ofshops which increased the level of customer support using the proposedmodel of integration.

  • SMART SHOP SERVICES FOR BUILDING CUSTOMER-ORIENTED SCENARIOS
    • Henryk Krawczyk
    • Andrzej Sobecki
    2020 Full text TASK Quarterly

    The shops of today mostly support the customer by offering him or her products based on basic relationships between products viewed or ordered by users with similar tastes. This common approach may fail in many cases especially when the user does not have sufficient knowledge about the market, or when he or she wants to build a set of products in more than one shop. New categories of smart shop services are proposed in order to execute such customer-oriented scenarios where recommended products do meet mutual dependencies with products previously ordered by the customer. An attempt is made to collect additional information about the behavior of users (from past and current contexts) and represent it in a targeted graph called the customer-oriented scenario. Four types of such scenarios are distinguished depending on how many shops have been visited by the user before buying the expected products and how many products the user wants to buy. Moreover, the proposed scenario model provides the possibility of showing which services had been used by the user before the selection was made. Customer-oriented scenarios may be created post factum based on event data logs or before the user will use the shop, which means that it can be arranged which information, knowledge sources (internal or external), products or categories should be suggested in some context of the user’s decision. The possibility of leveraging additional smart services into a traditional trading platform may help users, especially when they want to implement a complex scenario and order many products with mutual dependencies or in a situation when the user wants to understand the market before buying something. Using internal and external services allows creating a network for distributing knowledge focused on the actual customer context in a shop.

  • Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD): Experience Based Product Development System for Industry 4.0
    • Muhammad Bilal
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    This chapter presents the concept of smart virtual product development (SVPD) system capable of supporting industrial product development. It enhances the decision making process during various activities involved in product development i.e. product design, manufacturing, and inspection planning. This is achieved by using the explicit knowledge of past formal decision events, which are captured, stored, and recalled in the form of set of experiences (SOEs). The basic description and principles of approach are introduced first, and then the prototype version of the system is developed and tested. Working of the design knowledge management module and manufacturing capability analysis and process planning module of the system are demonstrated with the case study, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. The presented system successfully supports smart product design and manufacturing, and it can play a vital role in Industry 4.0.

  • Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) System to Support Product Inspection Planning in Industry 4.0
    • Muhammad Ahmed
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020 Full text Procedia Computer Science

    This paper presents the idea of supporting product inspection planning process during the early stages of product life cycle for the experts working on product development. Aim of this research is to assist a collaborative product development process by using Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) system, which is based on Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). The proposed system is developed to support three key aspects of industrial product development i.e. design, manufacturing, and product inspection. Therefore, it comprises of three main modules; design knowledge management (DKM), manufacturing capability and process planning (MCAPP), and product inspection planning (PIP). It collects, stores, and uses experiential knowledge from formal decisional events in the form of set of experience (SOE). This research enlightens the working mechanism of the PIP module, and shows how experiential knowledge related to product inspection can be used during the early stages of product development process. This experiential knowledge is extracted and stored from similar products having some common features and functions. First, the basic description and principles of the approach are introduced, then the prototype version of the system is developed and tested for product inspection planning (PIP) module for the case study, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. The presented system successfully supports smart manufacturing and can play a vital role in Industry 4.0.