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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Pompownie dużej mocy z falownikiem wędrującym średniego napięcia
    • Dariusz Karkosiński
    2022 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    Artykuł zawiera rys rozwoju napędów przekształtnikowych w stacjach pomp, w szczególności regulacji wydatku kilku pomp, po kolei, przez jeden przemiennik częstotliwości. Omówiono podstawy teoretyczne zjawiska pola niestłumionego i napięcia resztkowego silników, które utrudniają szybkie przełączania silnika pompy pomiędzy zasilaniem regulowanym przez falownik a zasilaniem z sieci. Przedstawiono zasady transferu (przełączania) synchronicznego pozwalające na minimalizację kosztów inwestycji poprzez konfigurowanie jednego przemiennika częstotliwości średniego napięcia, jako falownika wędrującego, do efektywnej regulacji kilku pomp dużej mocy w pompowni cieczy. Opracowano konfigurację sprzętową krajowej klasycznej - nie specjalizowanej przez wytwórcę falownika, rozdzielnicy SN z wieloma polami silnikowymi. Wykazano, że zaproponowane rozwiązanie jest ekonomiczne uzasadnione w pompowniach o większej liczbie pomp.

  • Porous Phantoms Mimicking Tissues – Investigation of Optical Parameter Stability Over Time
    • Monika Ronowska
    2022 Full text

    In terms of optical parameters, optical phantoms can now replace live tissues and be used to validate optical measurement methods. Therefore, whether these parameters would be maintained after storage for 6 months was examined. The absorption and scattering coefficients were obtained from the measured transmittance and reflectance measurements taken 6 months apart and then compared. All of the measurements were conducted using the same experimental setup consisting of an integrating sphere, a light source with a wavelength of 635 nm and a detector. The optical phantoms on which the research was performed were prepared from silicone and glycerol in various proportions.

  • PORÓWNANIE DZIAŁANIA POPRZECZNYCH ŁOŻYSK ŚLIZGOWYCH NA ZMODERNIZOWANYM STANOWISKU DYDAKTYCZNYM
    • Piotr Bzura
    • Jakub Kowalski
    2022 Full text Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

    W artykule przedstawiono autorską metodę porównania działania poprzecznych łożysk ślizgowych na podstawie wyników badań wykonanych na zmodernizowanym stanowisku laboratoryjnym. Modernizacja stanowiska składającego się ze źródła mocy w postaci silnika elektrycznego napędzającego dwa wały połączone sprzęgłem i zakończone łożyskiem wzdłużnym przekazującym siłę naporu. Podłączenie przetwornika częstotliwości umożliwiło pracę silnika elektrycznego przy różnych prędkościach obrotowych i stałym momencie obrotowym. Na podstawie analizy przeprowadzonych badań został przedstawiony algorytm, według którego porównano ze względu na kierunek i prędkość obrotów oraz sposób smarowania poprzeczne łożyska ślizgowe posadowione na pierwszym wale między silnikiem a łożyskiem oporowym.

  • Porównanie OpenStack Networking z innymi rozwiązaniami chmurowymi
    • Ewelina Kamyszek
    • Krzysztof Gierłowski
    • Jan M. Kelner
    2022 Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

    W dzisiejszych czasach coraz więcej firm decyduje się na uruchamianie usług oraz przetwarzanie danych w ramach tak zwanych systemów chmurowych, których przykładem może być m.in. OpenStack. Szeroka gama istniejących rozwiązań pozwala na dostosowanie chmury do potrzeb i wymagań użytkownika. Podczas wyboru systemu chmurowego jednym z ważniejszych aspektów jest analiza oferowanych przez niego mechanizmów oraz zaawansowanych usług sieciowych. Poniższy artykuł zawiera podstawowe informacje dotyczące chmury obliczeniowej, najpopularniejszych modułów wykorzystywanych do wdrożenia chmury OpenStack wraz z omówieniem architektury modułu sieciowego OpenStack Networking. Ponadto, przedstawiono porównanie mechanizmów i usług sieciowych oferowanych przez system OpenStack oraz dwa inne systemy chmurowe, tj. Amazon Web Services oraz Apache CloudStack.

  • Portico Farmhouses of the Vistula Delta: Architecture, Current State and Finite Element Modelling of Timber Roof Truss under Material and Cross-section Uncertainty
    • Tomasz Zybała
    • Katarzyna Szepietowska
    • Grzegorz Bukal
    • Izabela Lubowiecka
    2022 Full text International Journal of Architectural Heritage

    The article focuses on the oldest surviving I-type portico houses located in the Vistula Delta, which were built in the 17th and 18th centuries. The study describes the houses’ origins, structure, details of roof structures and technical condition, and it also includes numerical modelling of a roof truss and its mechanical analysis. Numerical models of the roof trusses are defined and analysed by means of the finite element method. Global sensitivity analysis with the use of the polynomial chaos expansion method is used to study the influence of uncertainties in material properties of wood, such as Young’s modulus and the friction coefficient, and also the beam cross-sectional height in the output of the numerical model of the structure. The outcomes show that the uncertainty of beam height exerts the dominating influence on the maximum deflection of the roof truss, hence accurate measurements of geometry are of great importance in the planning of conservation and renovation of such historic structures.

  • Position Estimation in Mixed Indoor-Outdoor Environment Using Signals of Opportunity and Deep Learning Approach
    • Sebastian Urwan
    • Dominika Wysocka
    • Alicja Pietrzak
    • Krzysztof Cwalina
    2022 Full text International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

    To improve the user's localization estimation in indoor and outdoor environment a novel radiolocalization system using deep learning dedicated to work both in indoor and outdoor environment is proposed. It is based on the radio signatures using radio signals of opportunity from LTE an WiFi networks. The measurements of channel state estimators from LTE network and from WiFi network are taken by using the developed application. The user's position is calculated with a trained neural network system's models. Additionally the influence of various number of measurements from LTE and WiFi networks in the input vector on the positioning accuracy was examined. From the results it can be seen that using hybrid deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method can result in localization error 24.3 m and 1.9 m lower comparing respectively to the GPS system and standalone deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method in indoor environment. What is more, the combination of LTE and WiFi signals measurement in an input vector results in better indoor and outdoor as well as floor classification accuracy and less positioning error comparing to the input vector consisting measurements from only LTE network or from only WiFi network.

  • Position in global value chains and wages in Central and Eastern European countries
    • Sabina Szymczak
    • Aleksandra Parteka
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2022 Full text EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

    This paper examines the relationship between the relative position of industries in Global Value Chains (GVC) and wages in 10 Central and Eastern European countries. We combine GVC measures of global import intensity of production, upstreamness and the length of the value chain with micro-data on workers. We find that the wages of Central and Eastern European countries workers are higher when their industry is at the beginning of the chain or at the end than in the middle. Secondly, wage changes depend on the interplay between upstreamness and GVC intensity. In sectors close to final demand, greater production fragmentation is associated with lower wages.

  • Possible quadrupole-order-driven commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in B20 CoGe
    • S.-H. Baek
    • Vladimir Sidorov
    • A. V. Nikolaev
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Filip Ronning
    • A. V. Tsvyashchenko
    2022 PHYSICAL REVIEW B

    The B20-type cobalt germanide CoGe was investigated by measuring the specific heat, resistivity, and 59Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).We observed a phase transition at TQ = 13.7 K, evidenced by a very narrow peak of the specific heat and sharp changes of the nuclear spin-spin (T −1 2 ) and spin-lattice (T −1 1 ) relaxation rates. The fact that the entropy release is extremely small and the Knight shift is almost independent of temperature down to low temperatures as anticipated in a paramagnetic metal indicates that the TQ transition is of nonmagnetic origin. In addition, we detected a crossover scale T0 ∼ 30 K below which the resistivity and the NMR linewidth increase, and T −1 1 is progressively distributed in space, that is, a static and dynamical spatial inhomogeneity develops. While the order parameter for the TQ transition remains an open question, a group-theoretical analysis suggests that the finite electric quadrupole density arising from the low local site symmetry at cobalt sites could drive the crystal symmetry lowering from the P213 symmetry that is commensurate to the R3 symmetry with an incommensurate wave vector, which fairly well accounts for the TQ transition. The quadrupole-order-driven commensurate-incommensurate phase transition may be another remarkable phenomenon arising from the structural chirality inherent in the noncentrosymmetric B20 family.

  • Potential Energy Curves of Diatomic Alkali Molecules Datasets
    • Patryk Jasik
    • Tymon Kilich
    2022 Full text

    The datasets described in this article contain potential energy curves for several diatomic systems. The data was obtained via high-performance computing using MOLPRO, a system of ab initio programs for advanced molecular electronic structure calculations. The datasets allow to model bond lengths, energy levels, spectra and time-evolution of molecular dimers for which the data are presented.

  • Potential of Functionalized Polyolefins in a Sustainable Polymer Economy: Synthetic Strategies and Applications
    • Lidia Jasińska-Walc
    • Rob Duchateau
    • Miloud Bouyahyi
    2022 ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH

    Polymers play a crucial role in our modern life as no other material exists that is so versatile, moldable, and lightweight. Consequently, the demand for polymers will continue to grow with the human population, modernization, and technological developments. However, depleted fossil resources, increasing plastic waste production, ocean pollution, and related growing emission of greenhouse gases has led to a change in the way we think about the use of polymers. Although polymers were never designed to be recycled, it is clear that a linear polymers economy is no longer sustainable. The design for recycling and reuse and life-cycle analyses will become increasingly important factors when deciding on which polymer to choose for a certain application. Of all polymers, polyolefins have the lowest life-cycle environmental impact and even outperform renewable polymers. However, polyolefins are chemically inert and reveal a low surface energy. Combining their excellent mechanical properties with the ability to adhere to other materials or create self-assembled or nanostructured materials would widen the application window of polyolefins even more.

  • Potential of nanocomposites of zero valent copper and magnetite with Eleocharis dulcis biochar for packed column and batch scale removal of Congo red dye
    • Muhammad Imran
    • A Natasha
    • Behzad Murtaza
    • Sabah Ansar
    • Noor S. Shah
    • Zia Ul Haq Khan
    • Ali Shahid
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Farhan Hafeez
    • Ali Shafaqat
    • Muhammad Rizwan
    2022 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

    The current study is the first attempt to prepare nanocomposites of Eleocharis dulcis biochar (EDB) with nano zero-valent Copper (nZVCu/EDB) and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs/EDB) for batch and column scale sequestration of Congo Red dye (CR) from synthetic and natural water. The adsorbents were characterized with advanced analytical techniques. The impact of EDB, MNPs/EDB and nZVCu/EDB dosage (1–4 g/L), pH (4–10), initial concentration of CR (20–500 mg/L), interaction time (180 min) and material type to remove CR from water was examined at ambient temperature. The CR removal followed sequence of nZVCu/EDB > MNPs/EDB > EDB (84.9–98% > 77–95% > 69.5–93%) at dosage 2 g/L when CR concentration was increased from 20 to 500 mg/L. The MNPs/EDB and nZVCu/EDB showed 10.9% and 20.1% higher CR removal than EDB. The adsorption capacity of nZVCu/EDB, MNPs/EDB and EDB was 212, 193 and 174 mg/g, respectively. Freundlich model proved more suitable for sorption experiments while pseudo 2nd order kinetic model well explained the adsorption kinetics. Fixed bed column scale results revealed excellent retention of CR (99%) even at 500 mg/L till 2 h when packed column was filled with 3.0 g nZVCu/EDB, MNPs/EDB and EDB. These results revealed that nanocomposites with biochar can be applied efficiently for the decontamination of CR contaminated water.

  • Potentiometric sensor containing set of ion selective electrodes with lipid modified membranes for quality assessment of tested non-alcoholic beverages
    • Maria Szpakowska
    • Jakub Szwacki
    • Ewa Marjańska
    2022 Full text Desalination and Water Treatment

    Potentiometric sensors may be a good tool for fast quality control of commercial drinks. In this work, such a sensor, containing a set of ion-selective electrodes with lipid-modified membranes (benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride monohydrate, hexadecylamine, 1-dodecanol, elaidic acid, cholesterol) was used for discrimination and quality control of non-alcoholic beverages, mainly composed of sugar and citric acid. It was found that the electrodes stability, membrane reproducibility and sensitivity to acetic, hydrochloric and citric acid concentration were very good. On the contrary, ion selective electrodes were not sensitive to sweet substances (glucose, fructose, sucrose) concentration changes. The potentiometric sensor consisting of ion-selective electrodes was applied to commercially available non-alcoholic beverages, a reference drink and to di-component mixtures of sucrose and citric acid. A database of its responses to those mixtures was created. The possibility of using a “fingerprint” method for recognition and quality control of unknown beverages was discussed. The sensor responses to non-alcoholic beverages were transformed by principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis and compared to the results obtained with sensory analysis. The tested drinks can be divided into two groups of similar sour taste intensity (lemonades and orangeades). The beverage of low sour taste intensity and the non-carbonated drink were outside these groups. The obtained results show that the potentiometric sensor with lipid-modified ion-selective electrodes may be a useful tool for quality control of unknown drinks on the last step of a production line.

  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. Alicja i Bogdan w naleśnikarni
    • Marek Kubale
    2022 Pismo PG

    Niniejszym esejem inaugurujemy , po kilkuletniej przerwie, nową serię zagadek algorytmicznych.Pierwszy odcinek nosi nazwę Alicja i Bogdan w naleśnikarni.

  • Pounding between high-rise buildings with different structural arrangements
    • Mahmoud Miari
    • Robert Jankowski
    2022

    Earthquake-induced structural pounding has led to significant damages during previous earthquakes. This paper investigates the effect of pounding on the dynamic response of colliding high-rise buildings with different structural arrangements. Three 3-D buildings are considered in the study, including 5-storey building, 7-storey building and 9-storey building. Three pounding scenarios are also taken into account, i.e. pounding between 5-storey and 7-storey buildings, pounding between 5-storey and 9-storey buildings and pounding between 7-storey and 9-storey buildings. These three pounding scenarios are studied and compared with the no pounding case. The results show that the level of accelerations of colliding buildings significantly increases for all scenarios, as compared to the no pounding case. At the same time, displacements experience both increase and decrease, while the peak storey shears experience an increase due to pounding with few exceptions regarding the top storeys. Finally, pounding leads to the generation of dangerous impact forces with higher peak values experienced in taller buildings.

  • Power Converter Solutions for Industrial PV Applications—A Review
    • Ievgen Verbytskyi
    • Mykola Lukianov
    • Kawsar Nassereddine
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    2022 Full text ENERGIES

    : As the use of photovoltaics becomes more widespread, new technologies for more efficient energy generation, transmission, and distribution based on power electronics converters are being developed. The most common applications are grid-on, energy storage, hybrid, and high voltage gain applications. These applications impose several additional requirements in the design of power converters associated with the solar battery’s maximum power tracking and operation in a wide range of input currents and voltages. The practical realization of such solutions can be implemented on the basis of various topologies, which requires a preliminary application of criteria for assessing their effectiveness. The paper conducts a comparison of different topologies on power converters based on two parameters that describe their cost and power loss for various PV applications. For a straightforward study, these parameters are represented using the gain factor, which allows for an accurate comparison of the efficiency of various types of converters.

  • Power efficient thrust allocation algorithms in design of dynamically positioned ships
    • Agnieszka Piekło
    • Anna Witkowska
    • Tomasz Zubowicz
    2022

    Assessment of power consumption on a Dynamically Positioned (DP) ship in the early design stage can assist crucial design choices. The study presents a comparison between two algorithms of optimal thrust allocation in a propulsion system for an over-actuated DP ship. Applied algorithms were Quadratic Programming (QP) and Non- dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII). Based on both approaches, tools were developed for ship design purposes. Based on a case study, QP optimization is more suited for universal use and fast analysis of many designs. With adequate optimization of NSGAII parameters, this algorithm can be effective for DP simulations at specified weather conditions. This is due to the possibility of application of original functions describing the DP problem, which is not possible in the case of QP optimization, where the problem needs to be simplified

  • Power Hardware-In-the-Loop Approach for Autonomous Power Generation System Analysis
    • Szymon Racewicz
    • Filip Kutt
    • Łukasz Sienkiewicz
    2022 Full text ENERGIES

    The article presents the Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) dynamic model of a synchronous generator of 125 kVA for autonomous power generation system analysis. This type of system is typically composed of electrical energy sources in the form of several diesel generator units with synchronous machines, the main distribution switchboard and different loads. In modern power distribution systems, the proposed power management strategies are typically aimed at the minimization of fuel consumption by maintaining the operation of diesel generator units at peak efficiency. In order to design and test such a system in conditions as close as possible to the real operating conditions, without constructing an actual power distribution system, a PHIL model in the form of a power inverter that emulates the behaviour of a real synchronous generator is proposed. The PHIL model was prepared in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, compiled to the C language and fed into a 150 kVA bidirectional DC/AC commercial-grade converter driven by a HIL real-time simulation control unit. Experimental research was performed in the LINTE2 laboratory of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), where the PHIL emulator was developed. The proposed model was validated by comparing the output voltages and currents as well as an excitation current with the measurements performed on the 125 kVA synchronous generator. The obtained results proved satisfactory compliance of the PHIL model with its real counterpart.

  • Powłoki malarskie w ochronie przeciwkorozyjnej. Zasady stosowania i kontrola jakości
    • Andrzej Miszczyk
    • Michał Szociński
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2022

    W książce przedstawiono podstawowe zasady wykonywania i kontroli jakości przeciwkorozyjnych wymalowań malarskich na konstrukcjach stalowych. Opracowanie powstało na bazie wykładów i zajęć praktycznych dla studentów Wydziału Chemicznego Politechniki Gdańskiej prowadzonych przez Katedrę Elektrochemii, Korozji i Inżynierii Materiałowej oraz realizowanych w ramach prac Katedry od około 12 lat kursów dla inspektorów powłok malarskich. Dotyczą one nadzoru wykonywania zabezpieczeń powłokowych na statkach morskich, w szczególności w zbiornikach balastowych. Kursy te są certyfikowane przez firmę DNV z siedzibą w Høvik w Norwegii, będącą znanym, międzynarodowym, akredytowanym towarzystwem klasyfikacyjnym. Prezentowane zasady omówiono na przykładzie konstrukcji morskich, jednak obowiązują one w przypadku każdej konstrukcji stalowej. Przedstawione w książce wymagania stawiane wykonawcom prezentują – zgodnie z obecnym stanem wiedzy i doświadczeń – optymalny poziom pod względem trwałości zabezpieczenia przeciwkorozyjnego. Książka została zaopatrzona w spis norm oraz słowniki terminów specjalistycznych: angielsko-niemiecko-polski i polsko-angielsko-niemiecki.

  • Powojenny rozdział w historii architektury i zagospodarowania portu gdyńskiego
    • Anna Orchowska-Smolińska
    2022

    The port of Gdynia, considered one of the largest civil construction projects of the 20th century in Europe, was built at an express pace for only a dozen or so years from the mid-1920s to the end of the 1930s. Unusual solutions from the construction period in the port engineering category, as well as outstanding architectural works The industrial area quickly became architectural symbols of economic growth and the general rebirth of Poland after 1918. In April 1945, the Poles took over the property of the port after the war found a picture of the ruins and destruction of the port, mainly the result of deliberate plantings carried out on the orders of Adolf Hitler in the last 10 days before the capitulation of the Germans. The devastation of individual elements of the port infrastructure and buildings was assessed at the level from 25% to 100%. Post-war reconstruction of the port from damage, in the years 1945-1947 not only the losses were inventoried, but also significant decisions were made as to whether the building was to be rebuilt or a new investment was planned in its place. Studies on this subject show that the investment reconstruction of the port did not continue the boldly outlined pre-war development plans, but from the point of view of its architecture, a new page in its history definitely opened up for this industrial complex.

  • Prace doktorskie, habilitacje oraz profesury o tematyce chemii analitycznej i pokrewnej w 2021 r.
    • Marek Biziuk
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2022 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Publikacja zawiera zestawienie prac doktorskich, habilitacji oraz profesur o tematyce chemii analitycznej i pokrewnej w 2021 r.,

  • Praseodymium Orthoniobate and Praseodymium Substituted Lanthanum Orthoniobate: Electrical and Structural Properties
    • Kacper Dzierzgowski
    • Sebastian Wachowski
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Maria Gazda
    2022 Full text Materials

    In this paper, the structural properties and the electrical conductivity of La1−xPrxNbO4+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) and PrNbO4+δ are presented and discussed. All synthesized samples crystallized in a monoclinic structure with similar thermal expansion coefficients. The phase transition temperature between the monoclinic and tetragonal structure increases with increasing praseodymium content from 500 ◦C for undoped LaNbO4+δ to 700 ◦C for PrNbO4+δ. Thermogravimetry, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed a mixed 3+/4+ oxidation state of praseodymium. All studied materials, in humid air, exhibited mixed protonic, oxygen ionic and hole conductivity. The highest total conductivity was measured in dry air at 700 ◦C for PrNbO4+δ, and its value was 1.4 · 10−3 S/cm.

  • Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of rhamnolipids in alginate hydrogels as a model of biomineralization
    • Natalia Czaplicka
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    • Agata Nowotnik
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Rafał Bray
    2022 Full text COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES

    This paper reports the effects of rhamnolipids presence in the alginate hydrogel and CO32- solution, on the precipitation of CaCO3 in the Ca2+ loaded alginate hydrogel. Characteristics of the formed particles are discussed. Model conditions containing alginate hydrogel and rhamnolipids were used in order to mimic the natural environment of biomineralization in biofilms. It has been shown that rhamnolipids affect the characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate effect of using these biosurfactants depends on their concentration as well as whether they are directly present in the hydrogel matrix or the carbonate solution surrounding the hydrogel. The greatest effect compared to the control samples was found for the rhamnolipids in the form of micelles directly present in the hydrogel with the CaCl2 cross-linked solution at concentration of 0.05 M. These conditions result in the highest increase in vaterite content, specific surface area, and pore volume. The mechanism of CaCO3 precipitation in alginate hydrogel containing rhamnolipids has been proposed.

  • Precypitacja węglanu wapnia metodą karbonatyzacji z dodatkiem glicerolu w obecności wybranych promotorów absorpcji CO2
    • Natalia Czaplicka
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    • Barbara Kościelska
    • Marcin Łapiński
    2022

    Jednym ze sposobów produkcji węglanu wapnia jest metoda gaz-ciecz, w której jako reagent stosuje się gazowy CO2 oraz roztwór soli wapnia, do którego dodawane są związki sprzyjające absorpcji CO2, tzw. promotory. Reakcja z gazowym CO2 jest specyficzna, ponieważ powstawanie jonów wodorowęglanowych podczas absorpcji CO2 z reakcją chemiczną jest etapem decydującym o szybkości procesu strącania CaCO3. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu glicerolu na przebieg wytrącania CaCO3 oraz charakterystykę wytworzonych cząstek metodą karbonatyzacji. Proces prowadzono w temperaturze pokojowej pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym w reaktorze typu gas(CO2)-lift z cyrkulacją wewnętrzną. Mieszaninę reakcyjną stanowił roztwór CaCl2 zawierający 0, 5 lub 10% (obj.) glicerolu oraz promotor absorpcji CO2 w postaci amoniaku lub trietanoloaminy (TEA). Otrzymaną zawiesinę cząstek CaCO3 podzielono na dwie części. Pierwszą porcję przesączono natychmiast po zakończeniu reakcji, natomiast drugą rozdzielono po 1 godzinie. W celu scharakteryzowania otrzymanych cząstek określono ich skład polimorficzny, powierzchnię właściwą oraz morfologię. Największą powierzchnię właściwą miały próbki otrzymane w roztworach zawierających NH3, co jest skorelowane z zawartością waterytu. Dodatek glicerolu do mieszaniny reakcyjnej wpływa na szybkość absorpcji CO2 do układu oraz na szybkość dyfuzji jonów w mieszaninie reakcyjnej. Zatem im wyższe stężenie glicerolu tym dłuższy czas reakcji strącania. Ponadto dla zastosowanych stężeń glicerolu nie obserwowano stabilizacji metastabilnego waterytu.

  • Predicting Ice Phenomena in a River Using the Artificial Neural Network and Extreme Gradient Boosting
    • Renata Graf
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    • Senlin Zhu
    2022 Full text Resources-Basel

    Forecasting ice phenomena in river systems is of great importance because these phenomena are a fundamental part of the hydrological regime. Due to the stochasticity of ice phenomena, their prediction is a difficult process, especially when data sets are sparse or incomplete. In this study, two machine learning models—Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—were developed to predict ice phenomena in the Warta River in Poland in a temperate climate zone. Observational data from eight river gauges during the period 1983–2013 were used. The performance of the model was evaluated using four model fit measures. The results showed that the choice of input variables influenced the accuracy of the developed models. The most important predictors were the nature of phenomena on the day before an observation, as well as water and air temperatures; river flow and water level were less important for predicting the formation of ice phenomena. The modeling results showed that both MLPNN and XGBoost provided promising results for the prediction of ice phenomena. The research results of the present study could also be useful for predicting ice phenomena in other regions.

  • Prediction of Bioactive Peptides From Chicken Feather and Pig Hair Keratins Using In Silico Analysis Based on Fragmentomic Approach
    • Antoni Taraszkiewicz
    • Izabela Sinkiewicz
    • Agata Sommer
    • Małgorzata Dąbrowska
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    2022 Full text CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

    Background: Keratin is among the most abundant structural proteins of animal origin, however it remains broadly underutilized. Objective: Bioinformatic investigation was performed to evaluate selected keratins originating from mass-produced waste products, i.e., chicken feathers and pig hair, as potential sources of bioactive peptides. Methods: Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and subtilisin were used for in silico keratinolysis with the use of “Enzyme(s) action” and fragmentomic analysis of theoretical products was performed using “Profiles of potential biological activity” in BIOPEP-UWM database of bioactive peptides. Bioactivity probability calculation and toxicity prediction of the peptides obtained were estimated using PeptideRanker and ToxinPred tools, respectively. Results: Our results showed that the keratins are a potential source of a variety of biopeptides, including dipeptidyl peptidase IV, angiotensin converting enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory and antioxidative. Papain and subtilisin were found to be the most appropriate enzymes for keratin hydrolysis. This study presents possible structures of keratin-derived bioactive peptides that have not been previously described. Conclusion: Our data suggest additional in vitro and in vivo studies to verify theoretical predictions and further investigate the possibility of using keratin-rich waste as a source of peptide nutraceuticals.

  • Prediction of fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced concrete, mortar, and rocks using various Machine learning techniques
    • Arash Dehestani
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Rezvan Abdi
    • Michał Nitka
    2022 ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS

    Machine Learning (ML) method is widely used in engineering applications such as fracture mechanics. In this study, twenty different ML algorithms were employed and compared for the prediction of the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) of various materials, including fibre-reinforced concrete, cement mortar, sandstone, white travertine, marble, and granite. A set of 401 specimens of “Brazilian discs with central cracks” were used as a training and testing dataset. The main features of the experimental technique in each specimen are the fracture mode, the tensile strength of the specimen, the inclination of the crack with loading direction, the thickness of specimens and the half-length of the crack. The improved ML algorithms were implemented using Python programming language. The results of the coefficient of restitution (R2) and statistical metrics confirm that the ML algorithms are able to predict the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) with high accuracy. To validate the reliability of the proposed ML-based prediction models, three experimental tests were used. Moreover, the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the ML-based models is created as a practical tool for estimating the fracture load and fracture toughness for engineering problems.

  • Prediction of Pile Shaft Capacity in Tension Based on Some Direct CPT Methods—Vistula Marshland Test Site
    • Łukasz Zwara
    • Lech Bałachowski
    2022 Full text Materials

    This paper presents different CPT methodologies for the prediction of the pile shaft resistance in tension on the example of three reference screw piles of the Jazowa test site in Poland. The shaft capacity was estimated based on the cone resistance, sleeve friction and CPT excess pore water pressure. Three piles with diameter 0.4 m and the length varied from 8 m to 14.6 m were subjected to static load tests in tension. Their results were used to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the reference piles. The pile shaft resistance was estimated according to the AFNOR standard, Doan & Lehane 2018 centrifuge tests based method (Delft University of Tech-nology approach), the Modified Unicone method, KTRI (Kajima Technical Research Institute) and LCPC (Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées) method. Then, the ultimate bearing ca-pacity determined in static load tests was compared to the estimated values according to five different methods. The best estimation fitting almost perfectly to static load tests values was obtained with AFNOR method whereas the other predictions significantly underestimated the ultimate bearing capacity.

  • Prediction of Wastewater Quality at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Inlet Using a System Based on Machine Learning Methods
    • Barbara Wodecka
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Anita Białek
    • Ewa Łazuka
    • Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak
    2022 Full text Processes

    One of the important factors determining the biochemical processes in bioreactors is the quality of the wastewater inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Information on the quality of wastewater, sufficiently in advance, makes it possible to properly select bioreactor settings to obtain optimal process conditions. This paper presents the use of classification models to predict the variability of wastewater quality at the inflow to wastewater treatment plants, the values of which depend only on the amount of inflowing wastewater. The methodology of an expert system to predict selected indicators of wastewater quality at the inflow to the treatment plant (biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonium nitrogen) on the example of a selected WWTP—Sitkówka Nowiny, was presented. In the considered system concept, a division of the values of measured wastewater quality indices into lower (reduced values of indicators in relation to average), average (typical and most common values), and upper (increased values) were adopted. On the basis of the calculations performed, it was found that the values of the selected wastewater quality indicators can be identified with sufficient accuracy by means of the determined statistical models based on the support vector machines and boosted trees methods.

  • Prediction of Weld Deformations by Numerical Methods - Review
    • Janusz Kozak
    2022 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The welding process is the basic technique of joining in the shipbuilding industry. This method generates welding distortions that cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process due to both the time and cost of straightening as well as their influence on later stages of production. Proper preparation of welding processes plays a growing role in the shipbuilding industry and the development of calculating tools is being observed. The paper presents a review and critical analysis of numerical methods for the assessment of welding distortion.

  • Predictions of cervical cancer identification by photonic method combined with machine learning
    • Michał Kruczkowski
    • Anna Drabik-Kruczkowska
    • Anna Marciniak
    • Martyna Tarczewska
    • Monika Kosowska
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    2022 Full text Scientific Reports

    Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly appearing cancers, which early diagnosis is of greatest importance. Unfortunately, many diagnoses are based on subjective opinions of doctors—to date, there is no general measurement method with a calibrated standard. The problem can be solved with the measurement system being a fusion of an optoelectronic sensor and machine learning algorithm to provide reliable assistance for doctors in the early diagnosis stage of cervical cancer. We demonstrate the preliminary research on cervical cancer assessment utilizing an optical sensor and a prediction algorithm. Since each matter is characterized by refractive index, measuring its value and detecting changes give information about the state of the tissue. The optical measurements provided datasets for training and validating the analyzing software. We present data preprocessing, machine learning results utilizing four algorithms (Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Naïve Bayes, Convolutional Neural Networks) and assessment of their performance for classification of tissue as healthy or sick. Our solution allows for rapid sample measurement and automatic classification of the results constituting a potential support tool for doctors.

  • Preferences of the Facade Composition in the Context of Its Regularity and Irregularity
    • Michał Malewczyk
    • Antoni Taraszkiewicz
    • Piotr Czyż
    2022 Full text Buildings

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the preferences of Polish society towards building facades depending on the degree of the composition regularity of the facade elements. The subject matter is inspired by the authors’ observations in relation to the current architectural trends. The purposefulness of the conducted research results from several issues. Firstly, the reports of psychology and neurosciences clearly indicate the universality of certain preferences towards visual attributes of objects (e.g., in relation to abstract symmetric patterns), resulting from biological conditions. Secondly, residential, multi-family architecture is by definition designed for a wide group of anonymous users whose expectations must be met. One of the dimensions of the above-mentioned expectations is the visual dimension, partially dependent on the composition of the facade. In the course of the conducted research, it is shown that facades with a regular composition are assessed as more attractive than those with irregular compositions. Moreover, irregular facades evoked a negative effect of a significantly greater force than the positive effect in the case of regular facades. The above-described discoveries shed, in the authors’ opinion, a completely new light on the contemporary work of architects. It is extremely important to adapt the visual dimension of architecture to the expectations of its recipients, while taking care of its values and quality as a field of art.

  • Preferred Benchmarking Criteria for Systematic Taxonomy of Embedded Platforms (STEP) in Human System Interaction Systems
    • Alicja Kwaśniewska
    • Sharath Raghava
    • Carlos Davila
    • Mikael Sevenier
    • David Gamba
    • Jacek Rumiński
    2022

    The rate of progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has significantly increased over the past ten years and continues to accelerate. Since then, AI has made the leap from research case studies to real production ready applications. The significance of this growth cannot be undermined as it catalyzed the very nature of computing. Conventional platforms struggle to achieve greater performance and efficiency, what causes a surging demand for innovative AI accelerators, specialized platforms and purpose-built computes. At the same time, it is required to provide solutions for assessment of ML platform performance in a reproducible and unbiased manner to be able to provide a fair comparison of different products. This is especially valid for Human System Interaction (HSI) systems that require specific data handling for low latency responses in emergency situations or to improve user experience, as well as for preserving data privacy and security by processing it locally. Taking it into account, this work presents a comprehensive guideline on preferred benchmarking criteria for evaluation of ML platforms that include both lower level analysis of ML models and system-level evaluation of the entire pipeline. In addition, we propose a Systematic Taxonomy of Embedded Platforms (STEP) that can be used by the community and customers for better selection of specific ML hardware consistent with their needs for better design of ML-based HSI solutions.

  • Preliminary studies on the effect of feed speed on the colour change of wood
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Sandra Karpinska
    • Aleksandra Suchta
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    2022 Full text Trieskove a Beztrieskove Obrabanie Dreva

    This paper presents the results of preliminary analyses of the effect of cutting parameters on changes in the colour of wood. Beech wood cut with use circular saw was analysed. The cutting parameter tested was the feed speed, represented by the feed per tooth. Sawing processes with different feed per tooth ranging from 0.0008 mm to 0.09 mm were analysed. It was observed that over the entire range of feed rate per tooth analysed, the colour of the wood changed noticeably, while at certain values the change was very large. However, from a certain limit of feed per tooth, the values of total colour change begin to stabilise. The observed phenomena need to be analysed more extensively and confirmed using other wood sawing processes.

  • Preliminary study of linear viscoelasticity limits of cold recycled mixtures determined in Simple Performance Tester (SPT)
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    • Bohdan Dołżycki
    2022 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    The publication presents methodology developed for determination of linear viscoelasticity limits for cold recycled mixtures with cement and bituminous emulsion using Simple Performance Tester (SPT). Methodology was verified on reference materials (PCV and steel dummy specimens, cement concrete and asphalt concrete) to comply with elasticity and viscoelasticity theory. The developed methodology enabled determination of linear viscoelasticity limits for the tested cold recycled mixtures for base course. Tests were conducted for controlled strain ranging from 10 up to 110 µstrain. Linear viscoelasticity limits were determined based on stiffness moduli and phase angles. The combination of binding agents and test temperature had the greatest influence on the obtained values.

  • Preparation and characterization of asphaltene based adsorbents for gas-solid adsorption systems
    • Maksymilian Plata-Gryl
    2022 Full text

    The dissertation presents results of the experimental research on asphaltene-based adsorbents (support coated with asphaltene layer) for gas-solid adsorption systems, with special reference to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal from gas streams. Analysis of gas adsorption properties revealed that asphaltenes isolated from oxidized bitumen have strong affinity toward VOCs. Interactions with target gas molecules, and selectivity were further enhanced by chemical modifications, of which nitration was the most beneficial for adsorption properties. Investigation of nitrated asphaltenes interaction with VOCs molecules revealed that the adsorption mechanism was driven by both physisorption and chemisorption. The strength of interactions with VOCs exceeds values reported for standard adsorbents. Fixed-bed adsorption studies revealed that facile coating of nitrated asphaltenes can significantly enhance adsorption capacity of a support material. Multiple adsorption-desorption cycles confirmed the durability of chemical modification and thermal resistance of asphaltene-based adsorbent. Utilization of asphaltenes and low cost supports, easily available in the target destination (e.g. diatomaceous earth or clays) can be an effective procedure for risk mitigation of hazardous VOCs, accompanied by effective waste management and low-value materials valorization.

  • Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites Filled with Powdered Buckwheat Husks
    • Marcin Włoch
    • Paulina Landowska
    2022 Full text Materials

    Bio-based fillers for the polymer composites are still interesting from the scientific and industrial point of view, due to their low cost and renewable nature. In this work partially green composites were obtained by the mixing of thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) with the unmodified and modified (by acetylation) grinded buckwheat husks. Obtained biocomposites were characterized in the terms of their chemical structure (FTIR), microstructure (SEM), thermal stability (TGA), thermomechanical properties (DMTA), and selected mechanical properties. The results showed that introduction of grinded buckwheat husks (even if the amount is 60 wt%) permit retaining high values of tensile strength (around 8–10 MPa), but the increasing amount of applied filler is connected with the decreasing of elongation at break. It can result from good interaction between the polymer matrix and the bio-based filler (confirmed by high values of polymer matrix-filler interaction parameter determined from Pukánszky’s model for the tensile strength of composites). The applied chemical treatment results in changing of mechanical properties of filler and composites. Obtained results confirmed the possibility of using powdered buckwheat husks as filler for thermoplastic polyurethane.

  • Preparation of Allyl Alcohol Oligomers Using Dipicolinate Oxovanadium(IV) Coordination Compound
    • Kacper Pobłocki
    • Dagmara Jacewicz
    • Juliusz Walczak
    • Barbara Gawdzik
    • Karol Kramkowski
    • Joanna Drzeżdżon
    • Paweł Kowalczyk
    2022 Full text Materials

    Currently, new precatalysts for olefin oligomerization are being sought in the group of vanadium(IV) complexes. Thus, the aim of our research was to examine the catalytic activity of the oxovanadium(IV) dipicolinate complex [VO(dipic)(H2O)2] 2 H2O (dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion) in 2-propen-1-ol oligomerization as well as to characterize oligomerization products using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The oligomerization process took place at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure and under nitrogen atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the activator MMAO-12—the modified methylaluminoxane (7 wt.%) aluminum in toluene. The last point was to determine the catalytic activity of the complex in the oligomerization reaction of 2-propen-1-ol. The aspect that enriches this work is the proposed mechanism of oligomerization of allyl alcohol based on the literature.

  • Preparation of methanation catalysts for high temperature SOEC by β-cyclodextrin-assisted impregnation of nano-CeO2 with transition metal oxides
    • Patryk Błaszczak
    • Adrian Mizera
    • Beata Bochentyn
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2022 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    The aim of this work was to prepare and examine the catalytic activity of nanometric CeO2 decorated with transition metal oxides – Ni, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn – towards a high-temperature methanation process under SOEC CO2/H2O simulated co-electrolysis conditions. Samples were prepared using the wet impregnation method via the conventional process and with the addition of native cyclodextrin. The influence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) onto the size, dispersion and integration of the obtained metal nanoparticles was investigated. The differences between the catalysts’ reducibility revealed that samples prepared from βCD-containing solutions, in most cases, resulted in the creation of smaller MexOy NPs on the surface of the substrate material compared to those prepared using traditional nitrate solutions. The samples containing Ni and Co were the only ones that observably catalysed methane synthesis. The high dispersion and integration of NPs prepared via the proposed synthesis route resulted in increased catalytic activity and enhanced stability, which was most pronounced for the Co-impregnated sample. The methane production peak for Ni-βCD/CeO2 at 375℃ was characterised by nearly 99% CO conversion and 80% selectivity towards CH4 production. Co-βCD/CeO2 reached 84% CO conversion and almost 60% methane selectivity at 450℃. The usage of CeO2 coupled with βCD for the preparation of catalysts for high-temperature methane synthesis for use in SOECs gave promising results for further application.

  • Preparatory Railway Track Geometry Estimation Based on GNSS and IMU Systems
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Władysław Koc
    • Leszek Lewiński
    • Artur Szumisz
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    • Michał Michna
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Roksana Licow
    2022 Full text Remote Sensing

    The article discusses an important issue of railway line construction and maintenance, which fundamentally is the verification of geometric parameters of the railway track. For this purpose, mobile measurements have been performed using a measuring platform with two properly arranged GNSS receivers, which made it possible to determine the base vector of the platform. The measuring functionality of the system was extended by IMU. In this article, the effect of measuring conditions on the accuracy of the results collected from GNSS receivers is analyzed. In particular, the advisability of digital filtering of the recorded coordinates to eliminate disturbances is indicated. The article also presents the possible use of GNSS devices and the IMU unit for determining the direction angle and the longitudinal and lateral inclination angles of the railway track. This makes it possible to verify the track geometry in the horizontal plane by determining the positions of straight sections, circular arcs, and transition curves. It is indicated that the results of measurements are repeatable despite the dynamic interaction between the railway track and the measuring platform. The results confirm the usefulness of the applied GNSS and IMU signal processing method for monitoring the geometrical parameters of the railway track in operating conditions.

  • Pressure-induced flow processing behind the superior mechanical properties and heat-resistance performance of poly(butylene succinate)
    • Tairong Kuang
    • Runhang Zeng
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Bozhen Wu
    • Feng Chen
    • Tong Liu
    • Mingqiang Zhong
    2022 Full text E-POLYMERS

    We propose a pressure-induced flow (PIF) processing method for the simultaneous enhancement of strength, toughness, and heat resistance of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). The pressure and temperature were systematically adjusted to optimize the tensile strength of PBS. Under the optimized processing conditions, the structured PBS was characterized by relatively high strength of 89.5 MPa, toughness of 21.4 kJ·m−2 , and improved heat resistance without deterioration of much of its ductility. Microscopic analyses witnessed denser and highly oriented crystalline domains along the flow direction caused by PIF processing. Detailed crystallization analysis made by 2D-WAXD and 2D-SAXS unraveled the extremely ordered PBS domains, which were featured by a significant increase in the orientation degree from 0.25 for the reference to 0.73 for PIF-processed PBS. Such a highly ordered microstructure substantially boosted the degree of crystallinity and heatresistance temperature of PBS. We believe that our findings would offer a facile, green, and cost-effective approach for fabricating biodegradable polymers with outstanding properties and performance.

  • Price Changes in Wholesale Market of Electrical Energy in Poland
    • Paweł Bućko
    • Izabela Prażuch
    2022 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    The article discusses the Price changes on the wholesale electricity market in Poland Moreover, The price levels on the futures electricity markets and the spot transactions market are presented. The impact of emission charges under the EU ETS on the price of electricity in the domestic market has been taken into consideration Furthermore, the basic determinants of the generation structure in Poland that influence the level of energy prices are presented. The volatility of the prices of energy produced from RES and sold under tenders has been also discussed.

  • Principles of target DNA cleavage and the role of Mg2+ in the catalysis of CRISPR–Cas9
    • Łukasz Nierzwicki
    • Pablo Ricardo Arantes
    • Martin Jinek
    • George Lisi
    • Giulia Palermo
    • Kyle East
    • Jonas Binz
    • Rohain Vsu
    • Ahsan Mohd
    • Erin Skeens
    • Martin Pacesa
    2022 Nature Catalysis

    At the core of the CRISPR–Cas9 genome-editing technology, the endonuclease Cas9 introduces site-specific breaks in DNA. However, precise mechanistic information to ameliorate Cas9 function is still missing. Here, multimicrosecond molecular dynamics, free energy and multiscale simulations are combined with solution NMR and DNA cleavage experiments to resolve the catalytic mechanism of target DNA cleavage. We show that the conformation of an active HNH nuclease is tightly dependent on the catalytic Mg2+, unveiling its cardinal structural role. This activated Mg2+-bound HNH is consistently described through molecular simulations, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and DNA cleavage assays, revealing also that the protonation state of the catalytic H840 is strongly affected by active site mutations. Finally, ab initio quantum mechanics (density functional theory)/molecular mechanics simulations and metadynamics establish the catalytic mechanism, showing that the catalysis is activated by H840 and completed by K866, thus rationalizing DNA cleavage experiments. This information is critical to enhancing the enzymatic function of CRISPR–Cas9 towards improved genome editing.

  • Privacy-Preserving, Scalable Blockchain-Based Solution for Monitoring Industrial Infrastructure in the Near Real-Time
    • Andrzej Sobecki
    • Stanisław Barański
    • Julian Szymański
    2022 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    This paper proposes an improved monitoring and measuring system dedicated to industrial infrastructure. Our model achieves security of data by incorporating cryptographical methods and near real-time access by the use of virtual tree structure over records. The currently available blockchain networks are not very well adapted to tasks related to the continuous monitoring of the parameters of industrial installations. In the database systems delivered by default (the so-called world state), only the resultant or the last value recorded by the IoT device is stored. Effective use of measurement values recorded in the past requires each time viewing the entire chain of recorded events for a given IoT device. The solution proposed in the article introduces the concept of dependent wallets, the purpose of which is the aggregation and indexation of changes in machine parameters, recorded in the original wallets. As a result, we can easily get data from a certain sensor or sensors in the specified date range, even if the chain of transactions is very long. Our contribution is a universal mechanism that improves the efficiency of the infrastructure monitoring process, which uses blockchains to record measurements from sensors. The proposed model has been experimentally tested on two types of blockchains: Stellar and Hyperledger Fabric.

  • Probing Local Structural Changes by Sharp Luminescent Infrared Nanophosphor for Application in Light-Emitting Diodes
    • Dominik Kreft
    • Sebastian Mahlik
    • Natalia Majewska
    • Mu-huai Fang
    • Hsu Jia-yu
    • Ren-jei Chung
    • Sheu Hwo-shuenn
    • Lee Jyh-fu
    2022 CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

    Cr3+-doped infrared phosphors are promising candidates for next-generation phosphor-converted infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because they can, in principle, tune and convert the luminescence spectra from an LED chip. However, most studies focus on broad-band Cr3+-doped phosphors, and the control mechanism of Cr3+-doped phosphors with sharp line emissions remains ambiguous. Here, we report LiGa5(1–x)Al5xO8:Cr3+ phosphors with sharp line emissions. The luminescence analysis reveals the subtle change of the local structure around Cr3+, which cannot be well resolved by X-ray diffraction. The deviation between the temperature-dependent photoluminescence and decay profile is introduced as well. Furthermore, the morphologies of LiGa5(1–x)Al5xO8:Cr3+ phosphors with high aluminum concentration demonstrate their great potential for mini-LED applications. Finally, an LED package is constructed, and it reveals the potential for angiographic applications. This study opens up a new understanding and perspective for Cr3+-doped sharp emission phosphors and reveals their potential for LED applications.

  • Problematyka implantacji protez piersiowych - przegląd literatury
    • Klaudia Malisz
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    2022

    Operacje związane z wykorzystaniem implantów piersi są jednymi z najczęściej przeprowadzanych zabiegów chirurgii plastycznej, dlatego istotne jest, aby zminimalizować ryzyko powikłań. Do najczęściej występujących zalicza się: obrzęk, wysięk, krwiaki, problemy z gojeniem ran oraz infekcje. Zakłada się, że infekcja jest głównym czynnikiem prowadzącym do degradacji implantu. Agresywne środowisko gospodarza, ciągłe zmiany pH i temperatury przyczyniają się do degradacji implantu. Literatura podaje, że proces ten może spowodować uwolnienie cząsteczek silikonu, które mogą zaostrzyć proces zapalny. Usztywnienie materiału protezy z czasem użytkowania zmienia tarcie mechaniczne na granicy tkanka-implant, wpływając znacząco na zachowanie materiału implantu w ciele kobiety, podczas ekspozycji na zewnętrzne obciążenia mechaniczne. Ponadto w przypadku obecności czynnika zapalnego, np. infekcji, torebka może zgęstnieć lub zwapnieć. Bakterie obecne na powierzchni implantu mają tendencje do tworzenia biofilmu, próbuje się temu zapobiegać, wykorzystując protezy o gładkiej powierzchni, ukierunkowaną nanoteksturyzację lub nanomateriały np. nanocząstki srebra.

  • Problems associated with the up of actuating system of a single-disc lapping machine for flat surfaces
    • Adam Barylski
    2022 Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

    Przedstawiono wyniki badań nagrzewania się podstawowych elementów układu wykonawczego docierarki jednotarczowej o standardowej kinematyce do obróbki powierzchni płaskich. Analizowano przyrost temperatury zespołu napędowego, rolek i pierścieni prowadzących separatory oraz tarczy docierającej i obrabianych elementów. Badano nagrzewanie się układu obróbkowego podczas wyrównywania żeliwnego narzędzia i docierania powierzchni płaskich. Docieranie jest jedną z metod obróbki ściernej stosowaną podczas indywidualnego dopasowywania elementów w montażu lub przy wykorzystaniu kompensatora technologicznego. Przyrost temperatury w układzie obróbkowym ma między innymi wpływ na dokładność wymiarową docieranych elementów metalowych.

  • Problemy w szkoleniu i egzaminowaniu rowerzystów w Polsce
    • Alicja Jarczewska
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    2022 Full text Przegląd Komunikacyjny

    Artykuł przedstawia diagnozę problemów, które wpływają na jakość poziomu szkolenia i egzaminowania rowerzystów w Polsce. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano statystyki dotyczące wypadków z udziałem rowerzystów w Polsce, mających miejsce na przestrzeni ostatnich lat. Kolejno opisano obowiązujący system szkolenia oraz egzaminowania rowerzystów, a także nauczycieli i instruktorów. Dodatkowo ukazano przykłady dobrej praktyki, które stosują kraje o wysoko rozwiniętej kulturze rowerowej. Na podstawie oceny stanu istniejącego oraz przeprowadzonej analizy problematyki wyciągnięto odpowiednie wnioski oraz zaproponowano rekomendacje. Mogą się one przyczynić do uświadomienia potrzeby zmiany podejścia w polskim systemie edukacji rowerowej i docelowo do zwiększenia poczucia bezpieczeństwa rowerzysty w ruchu drogowym, zmniejszając w ten sposób liczbę obrażeń, a także ofiar śmiertelnych.

  • Process [Intellectual Output 2] Guidelines for a design process leading to a high-quality Baukultur in the digital age
    • Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen
    • Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
    • Małgorzata Kostrzewska
    • Bartosz Macikowski
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Annette Boegle
    • Emiliya Popova
    2022

    The main aim of the intellectual output “Process” is to identify, explore and evaluate new design processes for shaping the built environment, which are informed, collaborative, and adaptable, allow customization and are generally enabled by the application of digital tools. Further, it aims at creating methodological guidelines for future-oriented design processes leading to a high-quality Baukultur in the digital age. The guidelines are presented in the form of guiding questions.

  • Processing of Biomass Prior to Hydrogen Fermentation and Post-Fermentative Broth Management
    • Zhila Honarmandrad
    • Karolina Kucharska
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2022 Full text MOLECULES

    Using bioconversion and simultaneous value-added product generation requires purifica- tion of the gaseous and the liquid streams before, during, and after the bioconversion process. The effect of diversified process parameters on the efficiency of biohydrogen generation via biological pro- cesses is a broad object of research. Biomass-based raw materials are often applied in investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using dark fermentation and photo fermentation microorganisms. The literature lacks information regarding model mixtures of lignocellulose and starch-based biomass, while the research is carried out based on a single type of raw material. The utilization of lignocellu- losic and starch biomasses as the substrates for bioconversion processes requires the decomposition of lignocellulosic polymers into hexoses and pentoses. Among the components of lignocelluloses, mainly lignin is responsible for biomass recalcitrance. The natural carbohydrate-lignin shields must be disrupted to enable lignin removal before biomass hydrolysis and fermentation. The matrix of chemical compounds resulting from this kind of pretreatment may significantly affect the efficiency of biotransformation processes. Therefore, the actual state of knowledge on the factors affecting the culture of dark fermentation and photo fermentation microorganisms and their adaptation to fermentation of hydrolysates obtained from biomass requires to be monitored and a state of the art regarding this topic shall become a contribution to the field of bioconversion processes and the management of liquid streams after fermentation. The future research direction should be recognized as striving to simplification of the procedure, applying the assumptions of the circular economy and the responsible generation of liquid and gas streams that can be used and purified without large energy expenditure. The optimization of pre-treatment steps is crucial for the latter stages of the procedure.

  • Procognitive activity of nitric oxide inhibitors and donors in animal models
    • Paulina Cieślik
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • Joanna M. Wierońska
    2022 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

    Nitric oxide is a small gaseous molecule that plays important roles in the majority of biological functions. Impairments of NO-related pathways contribute to the majority of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Cognitive decline is one of the most serious impairments accompanying both AD and schizophrenia. In the present study, the activities of NO donors, slow (spermine NONOate) or fast (DETANONOate) releasers, and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase N(ω)-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) were investigated in pharmacological models of schizophrenia and AD. Cognitive impairments were induced by administration of MK- 801 or scopolamine and were measured in novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The compounds were investigated at doses of 0.05–0.5 mg/kg. The dose-dependent effectiveness of all the compounds was observed in the NOR test, while only the highest doses of spermine NONOate and NPLA were active in the Ymaze test. DETANONOate was not active in the Y-maze test. The impact of the investigated compounds on motor coordination was tested at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Only NPLA at a dose of 1 mg/kg slightly disturbed motor coordination in animals.