2012 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2012

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Comparison of classical and modern approach of determination of highly polar compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Paweł Kubica
2012
Abstract: Sugars and sugar alcohols are known as highly polar compounds. Four analytes were taken into consideration for comparison of classical and modern approach of separation of highly polar substances. Mannitol was chosen as an example of simple sugar alcohol, sucrose and lactulose as examples of disaccharides and structural isomers, raffinose as an example of complex trisaccharide. Raffinose was also used as internal standard for quantitaion. HILIC Hydrophilic Interactions Liquid Chromatography) was a technique of choice due to its advantages of separation of highly polar compounds. Mobile phase used is mainly organic component (>80%) with amount of polar solvent. Stationary phase in chromatographic column consist silica gel modified with functional groups.Classical approach was undertaken on Supelco LC-NH2 column and separation phenomena occurs when water and analytes compete to form hydrogen bonds with the amino phase of analytical column. Modern approach was undertaken on ZIC-HILIC column and separation is achieved by hydrophilic partitioning mechanism and by weak electrostatic interactions. Tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) was chosen as a detector. MS/MS is characterized by unique ability to monitor the transition of pseudomolecular ion and fragment ion of analyte in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. In case of saccharides, there are two main types of fragmentation: break of glycosidic bond between two rings of sugar and/or break of ring through the one of the bonds of oxygen atom.Optimization of chromatographic parameters is crucial to obtain satisfactory separation to differentiate between structural isomers. Optimization of parameters of monitored ion transition and operation parameters of MS/MS is required to obtain high intensity of peaks and repeatability.
Comparison of different techniques for extracting Polychlorinated Biphenyls from bottom sediment samples using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
- Agata Mechlińska
- Inga Czarzbon
- Lidia Wolska
- Jacek Namieśnik
2012 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
In this work, problems that may occur during determination of trace levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples are described. The main error sources are connected with extraction of analytes prior to final determination. During model studies, polychlorinated biphenyls have been extracted from sediment reference material (METRANAL 2) with the use of different solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, and toluene); the process has been enhanced by mechanical shaking or ultrasound. Seven selected PCBs (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180, according to IUPAC) were determined in extract samples by the GC-MS technique and using the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) technique. The results suggest that the best solvents for the isolation of PCB group compounds from sediment samples are dichloromethane and toluene. On the basis of results obtained it can be stated that increasing the number of extraction cycles to 10 and prolonging the sample ultrawave bath to 40 min do not affect the results obtained; thus, the accuracy of the procedure doesn't change from the statistical point of view.
Comparison of EHD devices with parallel and in series spiked electrodes
- Janusz Podlinski
- Artur Berendt
- Jerzy Mizeraczyk
2012
In this paper two electrohydrodynamic (EHD) devices for gas pumping and cleaning are presented. In both cases to induce an airflow in these EHD devices corona discharge was used. The discharge was generated between the spiked electrodes set parallel (the first case) or in series (the second case) and the plate electrodes. An asymmetric electric field and generated discharge result in unidirectional gas flow through the EHD device. The EHD secondary flow and the average airflow induced in the device duct weremeasured using 2-D PIV method. Obtained results showed that investigated EHD devices were capable of producing significant unidirectional airflow with velocity up to 0.6 m/s.
Comparison of energy efficiency of vehicles powered by different fuels
- Jacek Kropiwnicki
2012 Full text Combustion Engines
Najpopularniejsza metoda oceny efektywności energetycznej pojazdów samochodowych polega na porównywaniu przebiegowego zużycia paliwa osiągniętego w warunkach wybranego testu homologacyjnego. Warunki eksploatacji, zdefiniowane za pomocą przebiegów prędkości w czasie, dotyczą najczęściej tylko dwóch kategorii: jazdy miejskiej i pozamiejskiej. Problemy wynikające z takiego sposobu postępowania zostały omówione na przykładzie analizy przebiegowego zużycia paliwa w wybranych warunkach ruchu na terenie Gdańska i okolic dla pojazdów z silnikami ZS i ZI. W pracy przedstawiono nową metodę porównywania efektywności energetycznej pojazdów zasilanych różnymi paliwami, która umożliwia wykonanie analizy na podstawie jednego przejazdu w warunkach regularnego ruchu miejskiego z rejestracją podstawowych parametrów pracy silnika i pojazdu.
Comparison of Optimization Techniques for Coupling Matrix Synthesis Using Eigenvalue Based Approach
- Andrzej Jędrzejewski
- Łukasz Szydłowski
- Adam Lamęcki
2012
Comparison of ZnO:Al, ITO and carbon nanotube transparent conductive layers in flexible solar cells applications
- Maciej Sibiński
- Katarzyna Znajdek
- Sylwia Walczak
- Marcin Słoma
- Michał Górski
- Adam Cenian
2012 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (Materials Science and Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials)
W artykule zostały przetestowane różne typy transparentnych elektrod z uwagi na właściwości mechaniczne, optyczne oraz elektryczne. Wszystkie przebadane materiały zostały nałożone w postaci warstw na podłoża elastyczne. Otrzymane wyniki zostały porównane z danymi dla podłoży sztywnych.
Compensation of pressure peaks in pwk-type hydraulic pumps
- Leszek Osiecki
- Piotr Patrosz
- Tomasz Zawistowski
- Bettina Landvogt
- Janusz Piechna
- Bartosz Żyliński
2012 Key Engineering Materials
hydraulic axial pumps equipped with cam-driven commutation unit (pwk pumps) proved their high efficiency up to 55 mpa and ability to work self-sucking, even at high speed. displacement of pwk pump may easily be changed by moving its control cam. full discharge from hydrostatic forces makes such control possible by direct action of a low-energy actuator like proportional electromagnet or stepping motor. that eliminates heavy and costly hydraulic servomechanism, necessary in other variable displacement machines. such a control mechanism was positively evaluated in prototype tests in department of hydraulics and pneumatics of gdańsk university of technology. the new commutation unit generates however harmful pressure peaks. the paper presents the compensation method for pressure peaks by use of the elastic compensation chamber. it shows also results of multidisciplinary fea and cfd analysis necessary to properly design the compensation chamber.
Complex multidisciplinary optimization of turbine blading systems
- Łukasz Hirt
- Piotr Lampart
2012 Full text ARCHIVES OF MECHANICS
The paper describes the methods and results of direct optimization of turbine blading systems using a software package Opti_turb. The final shape of the blading is obtained from minimizing the objective function, which is the total energy loss of the stage, including the leaving energy. The current values of the objective function are found from 3D RANS computations (from a code FlowER) of geometries changed during the process of optimization. There are constraints imposed on the mass flow rate, exit swirl angle and reactions, as well as on changes of stresses in the metal. Among the optimized parameters are those of the blade itself (such as the blade number and stagger angle as well as the stacking blade line parameters) and those of the blade section (profile). Two new hybrid stochastic-deterministic methods are used for the optimization of flow systems. The first method is a combination of a genetic algorithm and a simplex method of Nelder-Mead. The other method is a combination of a direct search method of Hooke-Jeeves and simulated annealing. Also two methods of parametrization of the blade profile are described. They make use of a set of circle arcs and Bezier functions. In the course of optimization, the flow efficiency of a group of two low pressure (LP) exit stages of a 50 MW turbine operating over a wide range of load is increased by means of optimization of 3D blade stacking lines. Another practical example of efficiency optimization of turbine blading systems is modification of low load profiles PLK-R2 for high pressure (HP) steam turbine stages. It is shown that optimization of geometry of turbine blading systems can give considerable efficiency gains. Optimization of 3D blade stacking lines in LP turbine stages can give over a 2% efficiency rise. Up to 1% efficiency, increase can be obtained from optimization of HP blade profiles and their restaggering.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of fatty acids detected in the hygroscopic secretion collected from the secretory setae of larvae of the biting midge Forcipomyia nigra (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
- Aleksandra Urbanek
- Ryszard Szadziewski
- Piotr Stepnowski
- Joanna Boros-Majewska
- Iwona Gabriel
- Marek Dawgul
- Wojciech Kamysz
- Danuta Sosnowska
- Marek Gołębiowski
2012 JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
The hygroscopic secretion produced by the secretory setae of terrestrial larvae of the biting midge Forcipomyia nigra (Winnertz) was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The viscous secretion is stored at the top of each seta and absorbs water from moist air. GC-MS analyses (four independent tests) showed that the secretion contained 12 free fatty acids, the most abundant of which were oleic (18:1), palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1) and linoleic (18:2). Other acids identified were valeric (5:0), enanthic (7:0), caprylic (8:0), pelargonic (9:0), capric (10:0), lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0) and stearic (18:0). Two other compounds, glycerol and pyroglutamic acid, were also found. The antibacterial activity of the fatty acids and pyroglutamic acid was tested using the agar disc diffusion method and targeted Gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacterial strains (Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens). The antifungal activity was tested by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of examined compounds. Fatty acids were tested against enthomopathogenic fungi (Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana (Tve-N39), Beauveria bassiana (Dv-1/07)). The most effective acids against bacterial and fungal growth were C(9:0), C(10:0) and C(16:1), whereas C(14:0), C(16:0,) C(18:0) and C(18:1) demonstrated rather poor antifungal activity and did not inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antimicrobial assay investigated mixtures of fatty and pyroglutamic acids (corresponding to the results of each GC-MS test): they were found to be active against almost all the bacteria except P. fluorescens and also demonstrated certain fungistatic activity against enthomopathogenic fungi. The hygroscopic secretion facilitates cuticular respiration and plays an important role in the antimicrobial protection of F. nigra larvae living in moist terrestrial habitats.
Composition of fatty acids in selected sorts of biscuits, offered for children
- Jarosława Rutkowska
- Agata Adamska
- Izabela Sinkiewicz
- Małgorzata Białek
2012 Full text Acta Alimentaria
The fatty acid (FA) composition, especially total trans-fatty acids (TFA) content in 12 assortments of biscuits offered for children, produced by four different companies, were determined by gas chromatography. Total fat content of the biscuit samples ranged from 2.2 to 22.8 g/100 g of product. The major FAs were palmitic C16:0, oleic C18:1, and linoleic C18:2 acids. Depending on the biscuit type, the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) content was between 14.8% and 60%, total monoenoic FA (MUFA) 32.4% and 57.5%, and polyenoic FA (PUFA) 5.8% and 26.8%. The results of the examination of total FA composition of samples have shown a very large variation in the content of TFA in the biscuits produced by different plants. The total FA content ranged from 0.5 to 8.8%. The levels of TFA in studied biscuits offered for children were relatively low by comparison with products from other countries. According to the regulatory approach Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (2003), the levels of TFA in examined samples did not exceed the limited value of 2 g/100 g of product. Furthermore, these contents of TFA are conforming to the requirements under European Union Food Law.
Computational model for simulation of lifeboat motions during its launching from ship in rough seas
- Czesław Dymarski
- Paweł Dymarski
2012 Full text Polish Maritime Research
W artykule przedstawiono model obliczeniowy 3 D, opisujący ruch obiektu w 6 stopniach swobody (6DoF), do symulacji ruchu jedno- lub dwuzawiesiowej łodzi ratunkowej lub ratowniczej podczas opuszczania ze statku na wzburzonej wodzie. Jest to złożony model uwzględniający warunki morskie oraz elastyczność i własności tłumiące elementów i mechanizmów żurawika, liny oraz kadłuba łodzi. Ponadto przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki obliczeń dla przyjętego scenariusza parametrów technicznych żurawika i łodzi oraz warunków morskich.
Computational Model of Time for Stiff Hybrid Systems Applied to Control Synthesis
- Pieter J. Mosterman
- Justyna Zander
- Gregoire Hamon
- Ben Denckla
2012 CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Computational representation.
Computer simulation of detonation of shaped charge in sea water
- Lech Rowiński
- Karol Jach
- Bogumił Porala
- Robert Świerczyński
2012
Artykuł zawiera opis systemu przeciwnimowego Głuptak, koncentrując się na opisie działania ładunku kumulacyjnego do niszczenia min morskich. Opisano sposób formowania wiązki plazmy uderzającej w obudowę miny po zdetonowaniu opisywanego ładunku kształtowego. Zaprezentowano obraz symulacyjny i zdjęcia poklatkowe penetracji plazmy w obiekcie niszczonym.
Concentration-Dependent Fluorescence Properties of Rhodamine 6G in Titanium Dioxide and Silicon Dioxide Nanolayers
- Aneta Lewkowicz
- Piotr Sas-Bojarski
- Joanna Synak
- Beata Grobelna
- Irina Akopova
- Ignacy Gryczyński
- Leszek Kułak
2012 Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Wytworzono cienkie warstwy zawierające rodaminę 6G w dwutlenku tytanu (R6G/TiO2) i w dwutlenku krzemu (R6G/SiO2) stosując metodę zol-żel. Badane były dwa rodzaje matryc, w których domieszkowano barwnik rodamina 6G (R6G) o różnych koncentracjach. Został stwierdzony istotny wpływ koncentracji barwnika na widma absorpcji i emisji oraz na czasowo rozdzielone widma fluorescencji. W szczególności stwierdzono znacznie mniejszą zdolność barwnika do agregacji w R6G/TiO2 nanowarstwie. Brak punktu izozbestycznego w widmach absorpcji dla matrycy krzemowej sugeruje powstanie agregatów o wyższych stopniach niż dimery, podczas, gdy zmiany profilu widma absorpcji w matrycy tytanowej sugerują obecność dimerów. Agregaty rodaminy 6G silnie fluoryzują w R6G/TiO2 nanowarstwie, co można zaobserwować na podstawie czasowo rozdzielonych i stacjonarnych widm emisji. Dla R6G/SiO2 nanowarstwy powyższe zmiany są znacznie mniej widoczne i polegają przede wszystkim na przesunięciu ku czerwieni maksimum fluorescencji.
Concentrations of heavy metals and PCBs in the tissues of European beavers (Castor fiber) captured in northeastern Poland
- Kazimierz Zalewski
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Monika Jadacka
- Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Bartosz Nitkiewicz
- Zygmunt Giżejewski
2012 Full text EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH
European beavers (Castor fiber) from two regions were examined to identify exposure to persistent environmental contaminants. A reference group was comprised of six animals from the Forest Division of Srokowo, and an exposed group was comprised of five animals from the vicinity of a former military airport operated in 1918–1986—both from Warmia land in Poland. 137 Cs in beavers' muscles was considered negligible for the overall condition and reproduction of the animals. Elevated levels of Cd and Pb occurred in the kidneys and liver of beavers from a former military airport area. dl-PCBs were found in the liver of all specimens, and pCB no. 118 was a dominant compound. Beavers as animals living both in water and land habitats can be good bioindicators of heavy metal environmental pollution caused by human activity. Despite the significant contamination of former military sites in northeastern Poland, the beaver population shows an upward trend, reflecting the excellent adaptation of this species to a changing environment
Concept for Perfecting the Marketing of New Technologies at Gdańsk University of Technology
- Jerzy Koszałka
- Damian Kuźniewski
2012 Full text Transactions on Aerospace Research
The chapter discusses the problem of improving the use of modern marketing achievements in the development and offering of new technologies, based on the experience of the Gdansk University of Technology (PG). Were discussed the concept, features, benefits and conditions of modern marketing, as well as the essence of the new technologies and ways of transferring them from scientific research units to the economy. Presented past experience transfer and commercialization of new technologies from the Gdansk University of Technology to the economy and the utilization of of marketing in these activities. Formulated conclusions formed the basis for determining proposals for improvement of marketing of new technologies in the transfer from PG to the economy and discussing the improvements of the conditions of marketing of new technologies in the University. The whole was completed summary and formulating conclusions.
Conception of interactive information and decision support system for urban and industrial air management
- Łukasz Szczygielski
2012
This article presents the conception of interactive system for air quality management.
Conditions of the fuzzy internet mortgage market submodels implementation
- Aleksander Orłowski
- Edward Szczerbicki
2012
Przedstawiono submodele internetowego rynku pozyczek w ujeciu rozmytym. Omowiono warunki stosowania poszczegolnych modeli.
Conducting Polymer Microelectrodes Anchored to Hydrogel Films
- Yuichiro Ido
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Masato Sasaki
- Kuniaki Magamine
- Takeo Miyake
- Piotr Jasiński
- Matsuhiko Nishizawa
2012 ACS Macro Letters
Artykuł prezentuje wytwarzanie organicznych hydrożeli z mikroelektrodami poli(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, PEDOT), które wykazują obniżoną rezystywność 100 Ω/□. Proces przygotowania rozpoczyna się elektroosadzania przewodzącego PEDOT (ok. 20 S/cm) na mikroelektrodach Pt. Elektrolityczne wiąże się film PEDOT z hydrożelem. Tak wytworzona struktura jest odrywana elektrycznie pd podłoża.
Confined granular flow in silos with inserts - full-scale experiments
- Michał Wójcik
- Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
- G. G. Enstad
2012 POWDER TECHNOLOGY
Artykuł omawia wyniki doświadczalne przepływów silosowych w silosach w naturalnej skali ze wstawkami. Podczas doświadczeń pomierzono przemieszczenia oraz napór na ściany. Zastosowano różne typy wstawek położone na różnej wysokości. Wyniki badań doświadczalnych porównano z przepływami bez wstawek.