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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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  • Higher harmonics produced by traction substations – computer modelling and experimental verification
    • Robert Kowalak
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Krzysztof Dobrzyński
    • Jacek Klucznik
    • Zbigniew Lubośny
    2016

    Voltage and current harmonics have a detrimental effect on the components of a power system. Current harmonics may result in the overload and damage to power transformers, although the rms value of load current does not exceed their current-carrying capacity. Voltage harmonics may result in, for example, damage to capacitor banks used to compensate reactive power. Devices which contribute to both current and voltage distortion include traction rectifiers. This paper presents results of the computer investigation of the effect of these rectifiers on the power supply network. The results of the computer investigation have been compared with the result of experimental study.

  • High-Level Model for the Design of KPIs for Smart Cities Systems
    • Cezary Orłowski
    • Artur Ziółkowski
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Paweł Kapłański
    • Tomasz Sitek
    • Witold Pokrzywnicki
    2016 Full text LNCS Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence

    The main goal of the paper is to build a high-level model for the design of KPIs. Currently, the development and processes of cities have been checked by KPI indicators. The authors realized that there is a limited usability of KPIs for both the users and IT specialists who are preparing them. Another observation was that the process of the implementation of Smart Cities systems is very complicated. Due to this the concept of a trigger for organizational-technological changes in the design and implementation of Smart Cities was proposed. A dedicated Model for City Development (MCD) was presented. The paper consists of four main parts. First the structures of both city and business organizations were presented. Based on that, in the second part, the processes existing in cities and business organizations were presented to show how different they are. The third part presents the role of KPIs and their limitations with the example of the IOC. The last part consists of the presentation of the model and its verification based on two city decision-making examples. The proposed design model presented herein takes into account both the city indicators and their aggregate versions for the needs of city models.

  • Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer
    • Katarzyna Siuzdak
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Jacek Ryl
    2016 Full text RSC Advances

    A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conducting polymer doped with poly(2-styrene sulfonate) (pEDOT:PSS) was efficiently electrodeposited on a layer composed of ordered titania nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes were formed during an anodization process and, after calcinations, a layer was subjected to hydrogen plasma. Hydrogenation leads to Ti(III) formation, a decrease in resistance, and a huge increase of donor density when compared with pure titania. According to a detailed structure analysis, the coverage by the polymer matrix is uniform on the entire titania surface as well as along the tubes. The composite material exhibits highly enhanced anodic photocurrent (106 mA cm2) when compared with hydrogenated titania H–TiO2 (54 mA cm2) or pure polymer film (2 mA cm2). Moreover, H–TiO2/ pEDOT:PSS is characterized with high photostability displayed during prolonged illumination. The proposed hydrogenation approach could be regarded as a facile titania modification for further electrochemical modifications.

  • High-precision bearing estimation for active sonar with cylindrical array performed by interpolated array transformation
    • Wojciech Leśniak
    2016 Full text HYDROACOUSTICS

    The article presents a method for improving the accuracy of bearing in multibeam sonar with a cylindrical array. The antenna’s non-linear shape and the resulting non-uniform sampling of the signal in space, mean that known methods of high-resolution spectral analysis cannot be used. In order to apply an algorithm from this group, a linear virtual antenna must be produced. The paper presents a technique of mapping a cylindrical array to the equivalent linear form. The simulation results present the accuracy of bearing estimation in the presence of white noise. Furthermore the limitations of the method and practical aspects of the application in a real sonar system are discussed.

  • High-Precision FIR-Model-Based Dynamic Weighing System
    • Maciej Niedźwiecki
    • Przemysław Pietrzak
    2016 Full text IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

    Conveyor belt-type checkweighers are increasingly popular components of modern production lines. They are used to assess the weight of the produced items in motion, i.e., without stopping them on the weighing platform. The main challenge one faces when designing a dynamic weighing system is providing high measurement accuracy, especially at high conveyor belt speeds. The approach proposed in this paper can be characterized as a filtering scheme based on the finite impulse response model of the weighing system response. It is shown that when such a model-based filtering is applied, the attained weighing accuracy is up to four times higher than that guaranteed by the currently available state-of-the-art solutions.

  • High-quality academic teachers in business school. The case of The University of Gdańsk, Poland
    • Małgorzata Wiśniewska
    • Piotr Grudowski
    2016 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE

    The Bologna process, the increasing number of higher education institutions, the mass education and the demographic problems make the quality of education and quality of the academic teachers a subject of wide public debate and concern. The aim of the paper is to identify the most preferred characteristics of a teacher working at a business school. The research problem was: What should a high-quality business school academic teacher be like? During the research, a six-stage qualitative survey design was proposed, and a letter questionnaire was applied as a free writing instrument and sent to second-year bachelor students of the Faculty of Management at The University of Gdańsk, Poland. To identify the most preferred characteristics, a content analysis and Pareto analysis were used. As a result, 32 characteristics were proposed and grouped into 5 categories, namely tangibles (T), reliability (Rel), responsiveness (Res), assurance (A) and empathy (E). Based on this, several proposals and recommendations for the future were specified. The results obtained help not only to understand the needs of students, but also to prepare the most desired teaching environment in which deep learning outcomes are made possible for future managers in the context of modern economy.

  • Histogram of Oriented Gradients with Cell Average Brightness for Human Detection
    • Marek Wójcikowski
    2016 Full text Metrology and Measurement Systems

    A modification of the descriptor in a human detector using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is presented. The proposed modification requires inserting the values of average cell brightness resulting in the increase of the descriptor length from 3780 to 3908 values, but it is easy to compute and instantly gives ≈ 25% improvement of the miss rate at 10‒4 False Positives Per Window (FPPW). The modification has been tested on two versions of HOG-based descriptors: the classic Dalal-Triggs and the modified one, where, instead of spatial Gaussian masks for blocks, an additional central cell has been used. The proposed modification is suitable for hardware implementations of HOG-based detectors, enabling an increase of the detection accuracy or resignation from the use of some hardware-unfriendly operations, such as a spatial Gaussian mask. The results of testing its influence on the brightness changes of test images are also presented. The descriptor may be used in sensor networks equipped with hardware acceleration of image processing to detect humans in the images.

  • HISTORIA ELEKTROTECHNIKI : PAMIĘĆ O OSIĄGNIĘCIACH I ICH TWÓRCACH
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2016

    Opisano działania, których celem jest propagowanie historii elektrotechniki, wybitnych elektryków i ich osiągnięć. Przedstawiono muzea i obiekty historyczne, w których przechowywane i eksponowane są zabytki techniki. Przypomniano działania upamiętniające zasłużonych elektrotechników: monografie, patronaty, nazwy ulic, emisje medali i walorów filatelistycznych.

  • Historia sanitacji i rozwój systemów kanalizacyjnych dużych miast, cz. I
    • Agnieszka Tuszyńska
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    2016 Full text Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

    Historyczne aspekty odprowadzania i oczyszczania ścieków od starożytności po dzień dzisiejszy oraz rozwój systemów kanalizacyjnych na przykładzie dużych miast europejskich. Omówienie historii kanalizacji w Gdańsku w części pierwszej artykułu. Rozwiązania systemów kanalizacyjnych Budapesztu, Oslo, Pragi, Paryża i Wiednia jako temat kolejnych części.

  • Honey bees and their products - bioindicators of environmental contamination
    • Żaneta Bargańska
    • Marek Ślebioda
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Human activities produce contaminants, the amounts and toxicity of which often exceed the environment’s homeostatic capacity to cleanse itself. Hence, the systematic analysis and monitoring of the environment is increasingly a matter of urgency. Honey bees, thanks to their morphological features, and also bee products are regarded as good indicators of environmental pollution by toxic substances, be these heavy metals, radioactive elements or persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides. The bees can carry back to the hive many contaminants deposited on utilitarian plants. The pesticides used in agriculture (especially in spring and summer when farming activities reach their peak) may not only be the cause of the large-scale mortality of bees, but can also get into bee products. The presence of xenobiotics in these products may impair their quality and properties, and put human health at risk. In this paper available literature data and information on the morphological features of the honey bee, the utilization of the honey bee and its products as indicators of environmental pollution, and a historical outline of some of the legislation relating to beekeeping have been critically compared and discussed.

  • Hospital as a landscape mark
    • Jarosław Bąkowski
    • Jacek Poplatek
    • Anna Kołodziej
    2016

    Half of the nineteenth century brought significant changes in the organization and operation of hospitals. The on-coming takeover by the state and its agencies tasks related to medical care resulted in a significant jump in quantitative and almost massive construction of new hospitals. Several hospitals and nursing homes functioned on a relatively small area of a city or town, with different specializations and profiles of care. The specificity of the these facilities meant that both their location and spatial arrangement had a strong impact on the further urban development. Urban layouts of cities and towns, often with medieval roots, were not ready to accept the assumptions of the hospital complex, which required the location of specific sizes and specifications. Nineteenth-century views on the functioning of the hospital, supported by developing the natural sciences, led to the formation of assumptions hospital almost self-sufficient. From the point of view of urban hospitals even self-created structures that are “cities within a city”. Such systems and assumptions developed durable and often for several more years, until the experience of the second half of the twentieth century led to the creation of a centralized model of hospital. In the urban scale, meant that teams with lower rank lost their original character and blend in with the structure of the city, enriching them with another public buildings, together with the adjacent square – a former hospital garden. The paper shows the hospitals influences on development, spatial relationship and communication on selected polish examples.

  • How Important Is Research on Pollution Levels in Antarctica? Historical Approach, Difficulties and Current Trends
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2016 REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY

    Despite the fact that Antarctica is a continent notably free from large negative impact of human activities, literature data can be the basis for concluding that this is not an area free from anthropogenic pollutants. Pollutants, which are identified in various elements of the environment of Antarctica, are mostly connected with long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) and deposition in this area. The study presents: a historical overview of research pertaining to the presence of pollutants in entire Antarctica; a description of the development of research on pollutants in various environmental samples conducted in this area since 1960; a detailed description of contemporary analytical research (2000-2014); information on concentration levels of a broad range of pollutants present in various elements of the environment. The data collected can provide grounds for concluding that pollutants present in this area can contribute to gradual degradation of Antarctic ecosystem.

  • How to apply the probabilistic model of measurement processes successfully
    • Wojciech Toczek
    2016

    Applicational aspects of probabilistic model of measurement processes, proposed by G.B. Rossi, are considered. The main idea of the model - using of Bayes-Laplace postulate for solution of inverse probability problem, is substituted by Fisher's concept of the likelihood function, expressed in the data translated format. This approach gives a clear-sighted solution of inverse probability. Some recommendations for application of the model successfully in conformity assessment and risk evaluation tasks are also presented.

  • HOW TO ASSESS THE MATURITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES TO LEAN SIX SIGMA PROJECTS
    • Piotr Grudowski
    2016 Argumenta Oeconomica

    This article describes the considerations for the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology in small and medium-sized enterprises. Pilot research was conducted in Polish and French SMEs (nine Polish and nine French enterprises from the service and production sectors) referring to the context of the implementation and application of the Lean Six Sigma concept. The studies led to the identification of the motives, needs, expectations, concerns and experiences of these companies and helped to develop criteria assessing the maturity of a smaller enterprise to conduct Lean Six Sigma projects. As one of the results of the study, a maturity indicator to LSS has been developed and presented in this paper. The index is a part of the original comprehensive methodology of the Lean Six Sigma implementation dedicated to the SME sector (LSS Plutus methodology). The indicator allows such projects to be matched to the real needs and preparedness of any small or medium-sized organization.

  • How to deal with knowledge in small companies? Defining emergent KM approach
    • Ettore Bolisani
    • Enrico Scarso
    • Małgorzata Zięba
    2016 International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital

    This paper examines the concept of emergent KM approach in small companies. The origins of consideration are grounded in the theory of strategic management literature and in particular in the distinction between deliberate versus emergent approach towards strategic planning. Using the methodology of case study, we carried out an explorative research to analyse the characteristics of KM approach in two small companies located in Italy and in Poland. Both companies appeared to adopt emergent KM approach and therefore, a detailed analysis of this phenomenon was feasible, followed by a description of its main features. On the basis of research results, implications for both managers and researchers are discussed.

  • How to define and measure informal employment in CEE countries - the case of Poland
    • Dagmara Nikulin
    2016 Emecon. Employment and economy in Central and Eastern Europe

    The study of informal employment is still associated with several obstacles, from the scope of definition, through measurement methods, to policy recommendations. This article aims to revise the existing methodological frames in order to point out how to improve the study of informal employment in CEE countries. The case of Poland serves to examine whether the common definitions and measurement methods are suitable for an inclusive measurement of the scale of informal employment in CEE countries, which are mostly former socialist countries. Firstly, we describe the current state of informal employment relations in CEE countries to indicate the similarities among them. Secondly we compare the existing research on informal employment in Poland with the common definitions of this phenomenon, and in this way look for more comprehensive measures of informal employment in Poland (and other CEE countries). Through a critical analysis of existing research on informal employment we indicate possible extensions of definition and the scope of measurement of informal employment in CEE countries.

  • HOW TO DEFINE AND MEASURE INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES? A CASE OF POLAND
    • Dagmara Nikulin
    2016

    The main aim of this article is to point out the possible measures of how to improve the study of informal employment in developed countries. We choose the case of Poland to examine whether the existing definitions and measurement methods are suitable for indicating the prevalence of informal employment. Firstly, we present the most popular definitions of informal employment, secondly we show the existing research on informal employment in Poland, and thirdly we assess the previous estimations of informal employment in Poland with regard to the definition’s scope. Finally, we propose some improvements that would help in studying this phenomenon in Poland. Through a critical analysis of existing research on informal employment we contribute to the existing literature in two ways: (i) by constructing the definitional frames of informal employment in Poland; and (ii) by pointing out the possible extensions of surveys devoted to informal employment in developed countries.

  • How to Design Affect-aware Educational Systems – the AFFINT Process Approach
    • Agnieszka Landowska
    2016

    Computer systems, that support learning processes, can adapt to the needs and states of a learner. The adaptation might directly address the knowledge deficits and most tutoring systems apply an adaptable learning path of that kind. Apart from a preliminary knowledge state, there are more factors, that influence education effectiveness and among those there are fluctuating emotional states. The tutoring systems may recognize or predict affective states of a learner and react to them to foster success of an educational process. This paper explores, how techniques derived from affective computing and user-centric design might be applied in intelligent tutoring systems development. An affective intervention is a modification of a standard control path or system behaviour that is a response to user’s affective state and aims at providing effective execution of a task (learning). There are several criteria for a good intervention model for an application. A system should make an affective intervention only when required and refrain from intervention otherwise. Interventions should be a natural element of an interaction with application and should be tailored to a user state. The ten step process, called AFFINT, was proposed to design appropriate affective interventions. In this paper the process is adapted to the domain of technology-based learning. The steps of the process are analyzed, providing insight into designing educational systems, that react to the recognized or predicted emotional state of a learner. The study is based both on literature review as well as it is supported with a design case study of an educational tool. The paper shows, that combining affective computing and educational systems is possible and beneficial. The paper might be interesting both for researchers, working on educational processes and supportive tools as well as for developers, aiming at designing effective tutoring systems.

  • How to provide fair service for V2I communications in VANETs?
    • Michał Hoeft
    • Jacek Rak
    2016 Ad Hoc Networks

    In this paper, we focus on fairness issues of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications. In particular, we show that under a common technique of selection of RSUs by OBUs based on the received signal strength, a vast variability of a number of OBUs connected to RSUs can be observed leading to inefficient/unfair service provided by RSUs. To overcome this problem, we propose an algorithm for RSU selection called RSEL to obtain even attachment of OBUs to RSUs. Its objective is to approach the best solution in terms of minimizing variability of the number of OBUs connected to each RSU and, as a result, increase fairness of access to services in V2I communications. We analyzed five scenarios referring to different RSU location schemes for two VANET topologies: considering urban environment and a multilane highway. As confirmed via simulations, the average fairness of RSU load (based on Jain's formula) was improved up to 50%, while the value of user-perspective fairness measure of collision-free transmissions, introduced in this paper, was increased up to 35%.

  • How to teach architecture? – Remarks on the edge of Polish transformation processes after 1989
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Bartosz Macikowski
    2016 Full text Procedia Engineering

    The political changes in Poland after 1989 have resulted in a whole range of dynamic processes including the transformation of space. Until that time the established institutional framework for spatial, urban and architectural planning policy was based on uniform provisions of the so-called planned economy. The same applied to the training of architects, which was based on a unified profile of education provided at the state’s technical universities. The effects of the political system change are reaching far beyond the political and economic arenas. The existing urban planning tools lost their value because of factors such as liberalization of regulations and scale of investments. Poland witnessed the phenomena of suburbanization and the uncontrolled transformation of space. In addition to legislative action, education is the tool that can improve this situation, especially in the field of spatial development. The article discusses education in the field of architecture as an important tool that could improve the existing state of uncontrolled transformation of landscape and spatial disorder in the built environment. The analysis is based on examples of different fields where architectural education takes place and affects the future form of the built environment. The articles ask question about architectural education: What are the hopes placed on it, what are the already visible effects and the expectations of the long-term effects? This analysis focuses on a number of aspects of architectural education: the fields for education of future architects and the lifelong learning of architects already active in the market. There is also a need to mention the importance of the architectural education of future recipients of architecture, namely children and young people involved in different actions on the national and local level.