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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2023

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  • Seismic performance evaluation of steel buckling-restrained braced frames including SMA materials
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH

    The permanent deformation of the building after seismic excitations can be determined by the Maximum Residual Interstory Drift Ratio (MR-IDR), which may be used for measuring the damage states. Low-post yield stiffness of the steel buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) makes this system vulnerable to large MR-IDR after a severe earthquake event. To overcome this issue, this paper investigates the seismic limit state performances of low- to mid-rise BRBFs with two- to eight-story levels (i.e. 2-Story, 4-Story, 6-Story, and 8-Story) adopting different lateral force-resisting systems using Viscous Dampers (VDs) and Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). For this purpose, BRBFs improved with different implementation of SMAs and VDs, and Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed based on Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio (M-IDR) and MR-IDR demands. Results showed that VDs and SMAs can decrease the values of maximum moment and rotation of hinges of structural members. Implementing both SMAs and VDs can significantly improve the seismic performance level and collapse failure probability of BRBFs more effectively than using one of the VDs or SMAs; then, it can be recommended to control the MR-IDR of BRBFs. To use the results, graphical user interface has been developed to estimate the improvements in the M-IDR and MR-IDR demands.

  • Seismic Response Analysis of Knee-Braced Steel Frames Using Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
    • Benyamin Mohebi
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Atefeh Yousefi
    2023

    Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are known as active materials that can be widely ‎used for structural purposes due to their flag-shape behavior under loading and ‎reloading. Their unique characteristics provided a potential solution for civil engi-‎neers especially to model buildings with the capability of dissipating seismic en-‎ergy. In this study, the main purpose is to explore the seismic behavior of Knee-‎Braced Frames (KBFs) and use SMA materials in the knee member as the repa-‎rable member that plays a crucial role in dissipating energy. For this aim, the four, ‎eight, and twelve stories (‎i.e. 4-Story, 8-Story and 12-Story) structures with lat-‎eral resisting systems of Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF), Knee Braced ‎Frame (KBF), and a KBF ‎with SMA member (KBF-SMA) have been modelled ‎using Opensees. To validate the modelling procedure of SMA members, ‎ABAQUS software was used. Then, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was ‎performed for seismic response assessment of structures assuming Sa(T1) as in-‎tensity measure and maximum interstory drift ratio (IDR) and residual roof drift ‎ratio (RIDR) as Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs). The results showed ‎that the KBF-SMA system decreased the RIDR by 32.34% at given Sa(T1) from ‎‎0 to 2(g), and 41.79% at given Sa(T1) from 2 to 4(g), respectively, compared to ‎the values of CBF system. In addition, compared to the values of the KBF sys-‎tem, the RIDR decreased by 22 % at given Sa(T1) from 2 to 4(g), and 87.18% at ‎given Sa(T1) from 4 to 6(g), respectively.‎

  • Selected Aspects of 3D Printing for Emergency Replacement of Structural Elements
    • Krzysztof Jasiński
    • Lech Murawski
    • Marcin Kluczyk
    • Adam Muc
    • Adam Szeleziński
    • Tomasz Muchowski
    • Marek Chodnicki
    2023 Full text Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal

    The paper presents a synthetic characterization of modern methods of manufacturing or regenerating machine elements. Considered methods are machining and additive methods, in particular 3D printing in the FDM/FFF technique. For the study, the authors made samples of the holder bracket using selected methods. Samples made by machining operations, 3D printing with various filling were tested. The paper contains a technical and economic analysis of the production of a holder bracket using the discussed methods. The dynamics of steel and FDM/FFF printed samples were also assessed by determining their resonance curves. The vibration magnification fac-tors were analyzed – the quotient of the vibration amplitudes in the resonance to the static deformations that occurred under the influence of the constant force and the location of the vibration resonances – the natural frequencies for individual vibration modes. The study’s main objective is to assess the possibility of emergency changing the manufacturing technology of selected machine components. The authors were interested in partially replacing costly and not environmentally friendly milling with 3D printing. Machine elements can be manufactured by printing in classical machine building and emergency conditions to replace a damaged component temporarily (e.g., on a ship, for the time of arrival at a port or shipyard). The main assumption guiding the authors during the preparation of this publication was the analysis of the possibility of using the production of “ad hoc” prepared spare parts and their use in the event of a lack of access to parts made of the intended materials.

  • Selecting an Applicable Cybersecurity Assessment Framework: Qualitative Metrics-Based Multiple-Factor Analysis
    • Rafał Leszczyna
    2023 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS

    Recently, a survey of cybersecurity assessment methods focused on general characteristics was conducted. Among its major findings, it revealed the methods’ adoption issues. This paper presents a follow-up to the study. It provides an in-depth analysis of the methods’ adoption-related properties based on qualitative metrics. As a result, the proposals which demonstrate a higher adoption potential were identified. The methods are good candidates for first-order improvements that would lead to obtaining solutions that would ultimately meet a broader application. The evaluations were performed by a single analyst, based on descriptions and individual observations. The major contribution of the study is related to providing a new view on method characteristics in reference to a systematic set of qualitative metrics and showing a path to selecting the method most suitable to a given context in terms of applicability and usability.

  • Selecting cost-effective risk control option for advanced maritime operations; Integration of STPA-BN-Influence diagram
    • Sunil Basnet
    • Ahmad BahooToroody
    • Jakub Montewka
    • Meriam Chaal
    • Osiris Valdez Banda
    2023 Full text OCEAN ENGINEERING

    Advanced maritime operations, such as remote pilotage, are vulnerable to new emergent risks due to increased system complexity and a multitude of interactions. Thus, maritime researchers this decade have combined Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Network (BN) to effectively manage these risks. Although these methods are effective in identifying hazards and analyzing risk levels, none of the STPA-BN studies provides a systematic process for selecting a cost-effective combination of risk control measures. Cost-benefit analysis is crucial for organizations to make informed risk-based decisions in allocating available resources for risk mitigation and achieve a balance between risk reduction (benefits) and costs associated with risk control measures. This study offers an innovative method of integrating the STPA-BN-Influence diagram for risk-based decision-making through a cost-benefit analysis. The model automatically evaluates the costs and benefits of all possible risk control options and proposes the optimum cost-effective solution. In the current study, the methodology is illustrated with a case study of remote pilotage operation, where 524,288 different risk control options (combinations of 19 risk control measures) are assessed to select an optimal risk control option. The case study results indicate that the proposed methodology is more significant when the number of risk control measures increases.

  • Selection of Electrode Material for Inconel 617/P92 Steel SMAW Dissimilar Welds
    • Amit Kumar
    • Shailesh M. Pandey
    • Abir Bhattacharyya
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    • Sachin Sirohi
    • Chandan Pandey
    2023 JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME

    The present work aimed to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar shielded metal arc welded (SMAW) joint of Alloy 617 and P92 steel for advanced ultrasupercritical boilers. The SMAW joint was produced using three different types of electrodes, namely, ENiCrFe-3, ENiCrMo-3, and ENiCrCoMo-1. During microstructural observation of the welded joints, no possible cracking was detected in the weldments. The dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) obtained using the ENiCrCoMo-1 electrode showed the maximum tensile strength, while the minimum was obtained for the ENiCrFe-3 electrode. Among all the electrodes, the ENiCrFe-3 electrode exhibited the maximum impact toughness, while the minimum was obtained for ENiCrCoMo-1 electrodes. Based on microstructure and mechanical characterization, the ENiCrFe-3 electrode was selected as the best one among all to produce the DMW of Alloy 617 and P92 steel.

  • Selective jamming of OFDM transmission in NB-IoT radio interface
    • Jarosław Magiera
    2023

    The paper presents the concept of smart jamming, which involves selective interference aimed at critical components of the OFDM signal. Research verifying the feasibility of this type of electronic attack are described. A realized testbed for jamming real NB-IoT signals in a downlink is presented. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of realizing selective jamming and its greater effectiveness compared to barrage interference.

  • Selektywne zakłócanie transmisji OFDM w interfejsie radiowym NB-IoT
    • Jarosław Magiera
    2023 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie tzw. inteligentnego zagłuszania, polegającego na selektywnym zakłócaniu krytycznych składowych sygnału OFDM. Opisane zostały badania weryfikujące możliwość przeprowadzenia tego rodzaju ataku elektronicznego. Przedstawiono zrealizowane stanowisko badawcze, umożliwiające zakłócanie rzeczywistych sygnałów NB-IoT w łączu w dół. Wyniki badań wykazują możliwość realizacji selektywnego zagłuszania i jego większą skuteczność w stosunku do zakłócania zaporowego.

  • Self-Adaptive Mesh Generator for Global Complex Roots and Poles Finding Algorithm
    • Sebastian Dziedziewicz
    • Małgorzata Warecka
    • Rafał Lech
    • Piotr Kowalczyk
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    In any global method of searching for roots and poles, increasing the number of samples increases the chances of finding them precisely in a given area. However, the global complex roots and poles finding algorithm (GRPF) (as one of the few) has direct control over the accuracy of the results. In addition, this algorithm has a simple condition for finding all roots and poles in a given area: it only requires a sufficiently dense initial grid. However, in practice, this requirement may turn out to be very difficult to implement. For a complex and sophisticated function, the use of a regular high-density mesh may be ineffective or even impossible due to limited computational resources. In this article, a method for creating a self-adaptive initial mesh for this algorithm is presented. The proposed solution uses gradient calculation to identify areas that require mesh refinement, including areas where a zero and a pole are in close proximity. The adaptive mesh allows for faster and more accurate analysis of functions with a much smaller number of samples. As shown in the numerical examples, this approach reduces the number of function calls by several orders of magnitude, and thus significantly reduces the computational time.

  • Self-assembly of secondary aryl amides in cocrystals with perfluoroaryl coformers: structural analysis and synthon preferences
    • Jan Alfuth
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Tadeusz Połoński
    • Teresa Olszewska
    2023 CRYSTENGCOMM

    Cooperation of aryl⋯perfluoroaryl stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds was utilized in the construction of six novel cocrystals of aromatic cis-amides with pentafluorobenzoic acid (pfba) and pentafluorophenol (pfp). They were obtained by crystallization from solution and structurally characterized. In four instances, the components form heterotetrameric motifs, in which amide:amide homodimer interacts symmetrically on two sides via hydrogen bonds with coformer molecules (pfba or pfp). In general, in these cocrystals the main synthon is maintained regardless of which coformer is used. For phenanthridin-6(5H)-one (in which the amide group is more sterically hindered compared to other studied lactams) different patterns were observed. Its cocrystallization with pfba led to the formation of heterodimeric units, whereas combination with pfp gave quite unique crystal structure where pfp molecules were incorporated between the lactam homodimers. Also, the accessibility of oxygen atoms of the lactam dimers to form hydrogen bonds was evaluated using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP).

  • Sensing the onset of epoxy coating degradation with combined Raman spectroscopy/atomic force microscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
    • Michał Szociński
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2023 PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS

    The paper presents the results of investigation on epoxy resin durability upon 12-week exposure to UV radiation. The aim was early determination of the onset of epoxy degradation and for this purpose an epoxy film on steel substrate systems were periodically inspected using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The behaviour of examined polymer could be divided into three periods: immunity, degradation initiation and failure. Early degradation initiation could be sensed only with Raman spectroscopy and AFM topography imaging where decrease in intensity of particular Raman peaks and discrete changes in topography constituted the fingerprints of UV-induced changes. At this stage electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and local dc current mapping with AFM did not provide any signs of forthcoming degradation since the epoxy film still exhibited sufficient barrier properties. Obtained results can be helpful in proper selection of investigation techniques in the situations where precise evaluation of polymer degradation onset is of key importance.

  • Sequential treatment of landfill leachate by electrocoagulation/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV and electro-Fenton: Performance, biodegradability and toxicity studies
    • Mohammad Reza Khavari Kashani
    • Qilin Wang
    • Masoumeh Khatebasreh
    • Xuan Li
    • Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Farshid Ghanbari
    2023 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

    This study presents a systematic study on sequential treatment of highly resistant landfill leachate by electrocoagulation (EC)/aeration, sulfate radical advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) and electro-Fenton (EF). In case of SR-AOP, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by zero valent iron (ZVI) and ultraviolet irradiation (UV) system was developed. Treatment process was optimized in respect to COD removal. Analysis of results revealed that sequential application of EC/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV, and EF processes provide an extraordinary performance and meet the environmental regulations. The source of iron for EF process was provided from previous process reducing the cost of sequential process. Separately, EC/aeration (inlet COD = 4040 mg/L), PMS/ZVI/UV (inlet COD = 1560 mg/L), and EF (inlet COD = 471 mg/L) removed 61, 69 and 82% of COD respectively. Overall, sequential processes of EC/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV and EF could remove the COD, TOC and ammonia of the landfill leachate around 98%, 93% and 94%, respectively. The comparison of different sequences of following processes indicated that current configuration (EC/aeration-PMS/ZVI/UV-EF) could meet the discharge standards. Furthermore, humification degree was significantly improved after oxidative processes. Biodegradability study was also performed by means of BOD/COD, average oxidation state (AOS), and Zahn-Wellens test, and the best results associated with these indices were obtained 0.56, 2.37, and over 98%, respectively. Phytotoxicity of leachate was remarkably reduced and the final effluent can be considered as a non-phytotoxic wastewater.

  • Settlement of a historic building due to seepage-induced soil deformation
    • Paweł Popielski
    • Bartosz Bednarz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering

    The research paper reviews issues associated with the impact of groundwater flow on soil characteristics and parameters, hence, the entire structure of a building set on it. Water seepage through the ground, building subsoil or structural elements of buildings made of soil affects the soil skeleton and may lead to changes in the arrangement of individual grains relative to each other, i.e., a modified soil structure. Soil solid phase (soil skeleton) deformations resulting from seepage forces are called seepage-induced deformations. The article characterizes typical seepage-induced deformations and specifies a criterion defining the beginning of the phenomenon. The case study involved using data on cracks and deformations in a historic building, as well as water seepage in its subsoil. Seepage was analysed, and zones where the seepage process initiation criterion was exceeded, were determined based on subsoil water level monitoring data. The determined zones coincide with the location of building cracks and scratches and confirm the possible cause behind building damage.

  • Shaking table experimental study on models of steel buildings with different types of joints
    • Tomasz Jaroszewski
    • Mahmoud Miari
    • Tomasz Falborski
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 MEASUREMENT

    The aim of this paper is to study the response of models of steel buildings with destroyed and non-destroyed joints. The study was conducted experimentally using the shaking table tests. Two steel models were considered. Several types of joints were taken into account: totally destroyed joints, partially destroyed joints, welded joints and joints stiffened with additional metal. Six ground motions were taken into account. The acceleration time histories were measured at the top of these two models of steel buildings. The results of the study show that the steel models with partially destroyed joints experienced higher levels of accelerations at their top, as compared to the steel models with totally destroyed joints. It was also concluded that the steel models experienced higher peak accelerations at their top in the case of welded joints and stiffened joints, as compared to the case with totally destroyed joints and partially destroyed joints.

  • Shape Memory Alloy-Based Fluidically Reconfigurable Metasurfaced Beam Steering Antenna
    • Syed Shah
    • Sayed Shah
    • Eirikur Bernhardsson
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2023 Full text IEEE Access

    A low-cost actuator-based fluidically programmable metasurface (FPMS) antenna is proposed to solve the slow tuning speed problem of the manually fluidic based reconfigurable antennas. The FPMS-based antenna is probe-fed and comprises a 4 × 4 square ring metasurface as a superstrate. Moreover, two shape memory alloy (SMA)-based electrically-controlled actuators are employed in the design for controlling the position of the 3D-printed fluidic channels beneath the metasurface along the axes of the radiating slots of the patch antenna. This results in beam-steering of over ±20˚ in the elevation plane, with a peak gain of 9.1 dBi. It is worth mentioning that compared to conventional electronic tuning technologies where the switches are employed on the top of the radiating aperture of the antenna, which usually deteriorate the antenna performance, the SMA spring actuators do not deteriorate the performance as these are not interacting with the radiating aperture. The proposed antenna was designed and simulated using CST MWS, and the prototype was fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which corroborates the adequacy of the proposed concept. By incorporating the SMA-based fluidic actuators, the proposed antenna is simple and highly efficient as compared to metasurface-based beam-steering antennas reported in the literature thus far.

  • Shaping the New Vistula Spit Channel: Political, Economic, and Environmental Aspects
    • Justyna Breś
    • Piotr Lorens
    2023 Full text Urban Planning

    In September 2022, the new shipping channel in Poland was opened for service. It connects the Port of Elbląg and the Gdańsk Bay in Poland, cutting through the Vistula Spit and the Vistula Lagoon. It was intended to enable direct access to the Baltic Sea from the Port of Elbląg without crossing Russian territory. Originally conceptualized decades ago, it has taken its final shape only recently. Its construction was associated with several issues, including economic, political, and environ‐ mental ones. But at the same time, the rationale of its construction has to be confronted with the analysis of the long‐term consequences for the city’s economy and the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. Many of these issues are presented and discussed in the article, along with some initial conclusions regarding future opportunities and threats associated with operational and maintenance‐related issues.

  • Shielded HMSIW-based frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna using different solid/liquid dielectrics
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2023 AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS

    This article proposes a frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna based on a shielded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (S-HMSIW). In order to reduce the size of the HMSIW cavity resonator and to obtain quad-band characteristics, a modied E-shaped slot is engraved on the top of the metal. The experimental validation is carried out after analyzing the data using a circuit model. Flexibility of each resonant frequency is enabled by integrating solid and liquid dielectrics of dierent permittivities within the designated etched region of the proposed antenna. With a broad tuning range of 3-8.5 GHz, the operating frequencies can be tuned individually according to the application-driven demands. Furthermore, the port isolation is better than 23.5 dB in all four bands. The proposed antenna, with distilled water-lled pockets, exhibits realized gain of 3.82, 4.1, 4.3, and 5.6 dBi at 5.17, 5.76, 3.55, and 7.03 GHz, respectively. The antenna features stable radiation characteristics in all bands and throughout the entire tuning ranges. Owing to its compact size, broad tuning capability, consistent radiation patterns, and competitive isolation levels, the presented design can be considered a suitable solution for compact tunable devices required by the existing and emerging application areas, especially multi-standard wireless communications.

  • Shielded HMSIW-Based Self-Triplexing Antenna With High Isolation for WiFi/WLAN/ISM Band
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS

    This article presents a novel design of a miniaturized self-triplexing antenna (STA) based on the shielded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (S-HMSIW) for WiFi/WLAN/ISM-band applications. The S-HMSIW is constructed by assembling one row of vias and an open slot at the open-ended side of the conventional HMSIW. This configuration increases the quality factor and minimizes unwanted radiation loss, which allows for achieving high performance. A modified inverted U-shaped slot is created on the top plane of the cavity to form three different radiating patches, which are excited by three independent 50 Ω microstrip feedlines to operate at three different frequencies. The proposed STA exhibits competitive features such as highly compact size (0.09λg 2), high isolation (>33dB), and gain (>4.8 dBi), which makes it suitable for handheld communication devices. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.

  • Ship Dynamic Positioning Based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control
    • Krzysztof Jaroś
    • Roman Śmierzchalski
    • Anna Witkowska
    2023

    The presented work explores the simulation test results of using nonlinear model predictive control algorithm for ship dynamic positioning. In the optimization task, a goal function with a penalty was proposed with a variable prediction step. The results of the proposed control algorithm were compared with backstepping and PID. The effect of estimation accuracy on the control quality with the implemented algorithms was investigated. The proposed version of the MPC-NO controller was shown to have better dynamic and static properties. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

  • Ship weather routing featuring w-MOEA/D and uncertainty handling
    • Rafał Szłapczyński
    • Joanna Szłapczyńska
    • Roberto Vettor
    2023 APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING

    The paper presents a new version of evolutionary multi-objective weather routing (WR) for ships taking into account uncertainties of weather forecasts in route optimization. The method applies authors’ w-MOEA/D algorithm: MOEA/D framework incorporating Decision Maker’s (DM) preferences by means of w-dominance relation. Owing to this, DM preferences are taken into account throughout optimization, allowing the process to focus on the part of vast objective’s space. Only the part of Pareto front being of interest to DM is generated, thus the process converges faster, without sacrificing quality of the final set. All of the above is essential for the WR method, which pursues three objectives while trying to meet multiple constraints and handling uncertainty of weather data. The final method has been implemented as a part of client–server system architecture, whose client part has been installed on board of a m/v Monte da Guia (MdG) vessel navigating between the Portuguese coast and the Azores. The method has then been verified in the course of computer simulations and its results have been compared with real MdG GPS routes. The comparison shows that the presented method is able to find routes that bring progress in terms of the objectives’ while satisfying the constraints.