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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2024

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  • A review of explainable fashion compatibility modeling methods
    • Karolina Selwon
    • Julian Szymański
    2024 ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS

    The paper reviews methods used in the fashion compatibility recommendation domain. We select methods based on reproducibility, explainability, and novelty aspects and then organize them chronologically and thematically. We presented general characteristics of publicly available datasets that are related to the fashion compatibility recommendation task. Finally, we analyzed the representation bias of datasets, fashion-based algorithms’ sustainability, and explainable model assessment. The paper describes practical problem explanations, methodologies, and published datasets that may serve as an inspiration for further research. The proposed structure of the survey organizes knowledge in the fashion recommendation domain and will be beneficial for those who want to learn the topic from scratch, expand their knowledge, or find a new field for research. Furthermore, the information included in this paper could contribute to developing an effective and ethical fashion-based recommendation system.

  • A Review of Recent Advances in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators, Self-Powering Smart Sensors and Self-Charging Electronics
    • Justyna Gołąbek
    • Michał Strankowski
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    In recent years, portable and wearable personal electronic devices have rapidly developed with increasing mass production and rising energy consumption, creating an energy crisis. Using batteries and supercapacitors with limited lifespans and environmental hazards drives the need to find new, environmentally friendly, and renewable sources. One idea is to harness the energy of human motion and convert it into electrical energy using energy harvesting devices—piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and hybrids. They are characterized by a wide variety of features, such as lightness, flexibility, low cost, richness of materials, and many more. These devices offer the opportunity to use new technologies such as IoT, AI or HMI and create smart self-powered sensors, actuators, and self-powered implantable/wearable devices. This review focuses on recent examples of PENGs, TENGs and hybrid devices for wearable and implantable self-powered systems. The basic mechanisms of operation, micro/nano-scale material selection and manufacturing processes of selected examples are discussed. Current challenges and the outlook for the future of the nanogenerators are also discussed.

  • A review on analytical models of brushless permanent magnet machines
    • Ahmed Abbas
    • Atif Iqbal
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Reddy B. Prathap
    • M Mnzool
    • Ahmed Awadelseed
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS

    This study provides an in-depth investigation of the use of analytical and numerical methods in analyzing electrical machines. Although numerical models such as the finite-element method (FEM) can handle complex geometries and saturation effects, they have significant computational burdens, are time-consuming, and are inflexible when it comes to changing machine geometries or input values. Analytical models based on magnetic equivalent circuits (MEC) or solving Maxwell's equations can be faster and more flexible, but less accurate for complex machine structures. The paper focuses on the recent development of analytical models for brushless permanent-magnet (PM) machines that have become increasingly popular in low and medium- power applications. The literature review covers the recent developments in analytical models for PM machines with respect to various machine quantities such as magnetic flux density components, induced voltage, inductances, electromagnetic force/torque, efficiency, or unbalanced magnetic force (UMF). It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different analytical models such as the zero-dimensional (0-D), one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) analytical methods, as well as the Maxwell and basic mathematical analysis. Although the MEC models are faster than the numerical model, they are not as accurate for various structures of electrical machines including a great magnetic air gap. They also note that the analytical models based on the Maxwell equations are faster than the numerical ones and have the potential to obtain acceptable accuracy similar to the numerical models in electrical machines. Overall, this literature review provides valuable insights for researchers and engineers in selecting appropriate analytical models for PM machines. It highlights the trade-offs between accuracy and computational efficiency when choosing between numerical and analytical models, and the flexibility of analytical models to address changes in machine geometries or input values. Additionally, this helps researchers save time in determining appropriate references regarding the analytical models of brushless PM machines.

  • A review on carbon storage via mineral carbonation: Bibliometric analysis, research advances, challenge, and perspectives
    • Xiaodan Lin
    • Xingyang Li
    • Hongwen Liu
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Yijun Cao
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    Mineral carbonation as a way of carbon storage has received a particular attention in the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission . This work gives a comprehensive description of the research trends and hotspots in the field of mineral carbonation for carbon storage based on bibliometric analysis. A total of 1507 articles were collected from the Web of Science database from 2010 to 2022 and analyzed in details, using a Citepace and VOSviewer software. Keyword cluster analysis indicates that research on mineral carbonation mainly involves natural minerals, industrial wastes, and cement-based materials. Research advances on carbon storage via mineral carbonation are summarized from the aspects of magnesium-based feedstocks and calcium-based feedstocks. Direct aqueous carbonation and indirect carbonation are the most promising methods. Mining tailings and industrial wastes are promising feedstocks for mineral carbonation. The slow kinetics and low carbonation capacity of feedstocks are the main obstacles for industrial application. Finally, challenges and prospects in mineral carbonation are put forward, which is conducive to its rapid and balanced development. This work provides the basis for the future development of cheap, efficient, and green large-scale mineral carbonation processes for carbon storage.

  • A review on fungal-based biopesticides and biofertilizers production
    • Dante Ferreyra-Suarez
    • Octavio García-Depraect
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

    The escalating use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop production has led to the depletion of natural resources, contamination of water sources, and environmental crises. In response, the scientific community is exploring eco-friendly alternatives, such as fungal-based biofertilizers and biopesticides, which have proven effectiveness in enhancing plant health and growth while sustainably managing plant diseases and pests. This review article examines the production methodologies of these bioproducts, highlighting their role in sustainable agriculture and advancing our understanding of soil microorganisms. Despite their increasing demand, their global market presence remains limited compared to traditional chemical counterparts. The article addresses: 1) the production of biofertilizers and biopesticides, 2) their contribution to crop productivity, 3) their environmental impact and regulations, and 4) current production technologies. This comprehensive approach aims to promote the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices.

  • A review on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic microalgal lipid extraction and transesterification for biofuel production
    • Vinoth Kumar Ponnumsamy
    • Hussein Al-Hazmi
    • Sutha Shobana
    • Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
    • Dipak Ashok Jadhav
    • Rajesh Banu J
    • Grzegorz Piechota
    • Bartłomiej Igliński
    • Vinod Kumar
    • Amit Bhatnagar
    • Kyu-Jung Chae
    • Gopalakrishnan Kumar
    2024 Full text CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS

    Extracting lipids from microalgal biomass presents significant potential as a cost-effective approach for clean energy generation. This can be achieved through the chemical conversion of lipids to produce fatty acid methyl esters via transesterification. The extraction mainly involves free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides, and requires less energy, making it an attractive option for satisfying the growing demand for fossil-derived energies. Several approaches have been explored for sustainable bioenergy production from microalgal species via catalytic, non-catalytic, and enzymatic transesterification. This review discusses recent insights into microalgal lipid extraction via solvent, Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer’s, supercritical CO2, and ionic liquids solvent methods and lipid conversion by transesterification and homo/heterogeneous acid/base catalyzed, enzymatic, non-catalytic, and mechanically/chemically catalyzed in-situ techniques towards algal bioenergy production. Technical advances in both extraction and conversion are necessary for the commercialization of renewable energy sources.

  • A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production ENERGY & FUELS
    • Giao Van Nguyen
    • Prabhakar Sharma
    • Marek Dzida
    • Van Hung Bui
    • Huu Son Le
    • Ahmed Shabana El-Shafay
    • Huu Cuong Le
    • Duc Trong Nguyen Le
    • Viet Dung Tran
    2024 ENERGY & FUELS

    The rapid depletion of fossil-derived fuels along with rising environmental pollution have motivated academics and manufacturers to pursue more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy options in today’s globe. Biodiesel has developed as an ecologically favorable alternative. However, the mass manufacturing of biodiesel on an industrial scale confronts substantial cost and pricing challenges. To address this issue, high-efficiency catalysts with a large number of active sites are needed, resulting in increased biodiesel output and quality. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of interest as a catalyst for converting oils/fats or fatty acids into biodiesel. MOFs are polyporous materials that can alter pore size as well as topological structure. They serve as a versatile foundation for designing active sites to satisfy the unique needs of catalytic reactions and conversion pathways. The purpose of this current work is to shed light on the underlying mechanisms and essential properties of MOF-based catalysts used in biodiesel synthesis. In addition, several methods for connecting active sites inside MOFs are scrutinized, while the properties and usability of MOF-based catalysts for the biodiesel production process are completely compared to other catalysts. More importantly, limits and future research directions about the utilization of MOFs in the biodiesel synthesis route are also critically presented. In general, this review contributes to improved awareness about the potential of MOFs in the biodiesel production sector by investigating the primary mechanism and characteristics of MOF-based catalysts.

  • A Review: Structural Shape and Stress Control Techniques and their Applications
    • Ahmed Manguri
    • Najmadeen Saeed
    • Robert Jankowski
    2024 Full text ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING

    This review article presents prior studies on controlling shape and stress in flexible structures. The study offers a comprehensive survey of literature concerning the adjustment and regulation of shape, stress, or both in structures and emphasizes such control’s importance. The control of systems is classified into three primary classes: nodal movement control, axial force control, and controlling the two classes concurrently. Each class is thoroughly assessed, showcasing diverse methods anticipated by various scholars. Furthermore, the paper discusses methods to reduce the number of devices (actuators) to adjust and optimize actuators’ placement to achieve optimal structural control, considering the cost implications of numerous actuators. Additionally, various actuators are presented in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Moreover, the applications of the presented techniques are reviewed in detail, the essential recommendations for future work are also suggested.

  • A Robust Random Forest Model for Classifying the Severity of Partial Discharges in Dielectrics
    • Sayed Mohammad Kameli
    • Abdelaziz Abuelrub
    • Mohammad AlShaikh Saleh
    • Shady S. Refaat
    • Marek Olesz
    • Jarosław Guziński
    2024

    Partial Discharges (PDs) are a common source of degradation in electrical assets. It is essential that the extent of the deterioration level of insulating medium is correctly identified, to optimize maintenance schedules and prevent abrupt power outages. Temporal PD signals received from damaged insulation, collected through the IEC-60270 method is the gold standard for PD detection. Temporal signals may be transformed to the frequency domain, introducing new spectral features that may be beneficial in certain circumstances. Consequently, time delays are introduced, due to the high utilization of computational resources within the signal processing pipeline. Moreover, some microprocessors struggle with the excess computational burden demanded by resource-heavy mathematical transformations. To rectify these issues, an alternative approach is utilized, where Machine learning (ML) algorithms are directly used for the classification of PD severity. Cylindrically-shaped air cavities with lengths ranging from 1mm–6mm are introduced to a resin-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulation material. The cavities are partitioned based on size, to obtain different classes of PD severity. A comparative analysis is performed on various ML algorithms, to determine which algorithm correctly determined the severity of PDs, with highest efficacy. Random Forest was determined to be the most performant, with an accuracy of 98.33%. The high performance illustrates the model’s potential success in accurately determining the hazard level of PDs in real-time, based on merely time-domain signals.

  • A Selection of Starting Points for Iterative Position Estimation Algorithms Using Feedforward Neural Networks
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    • Jacek Stefański
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    This article proposes the use of a feedforward neural network (FNN) to select the starting point for the first iteration in well-known iterative location estimation algorithms, with the research objective of finding the minimum size of a neural network that allows iterative position estimation algorithms to converge in an example positioning network. The selected algorithms for iterative position estimation, the structure of the neural network and how the FNN is used in 2D and 3D position estimation process are presented. The most important results of the work are the parameters of various FNN network structures that resulted in a 100% probability of convergence of iterative position estimation algorithms in the exemplary TDoA positioning network, as well as the average and maximum number of iterations, which can give a general idea about the effectiveness of using neural networks to support the position estimation process. In all simulated scenarios, simple networks with a single hidden layer containing a dozen non-linear neurons turned out to be sufficient to solve the convergence problem.

  • A simple and efficient hybrid discretization approach to alleviate membrane locking in isogeometric thin shells
    • Roger Sauer
    • Zhihui Zou
    • T.j.r. Hughes
    2024 COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING

    This work presents a new hybrid discretization approach to alleviate membrane locking in isogeometric finite element formulations for Kirchhoff–Love shells. The approach is simple, and requires no additional dofs and no static condensation. It does not increase the bandwidth of the tangent matrix and is effective for both linear and nonlinear problems. It combines isogeometric surface discretizations with classical Lagrange-based surface discretizations, and can thus be run with existing isogeometric finite element codes. Also, the stresses can be recovered straightforwardly. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in alleviating, if not eliminating, membrane locking is demonstrated through the rigorous study of the convergence behavior of several classical benchmark problems. Accuracy gains are particularly large in the membrane stresses. The approach is formulated here for quadratic NURBS, but an extension to other discretization types can be anticipated. The same applies to other constraints and associated locking phenomena.

  • A simplified channel estimation procedure for NB-IoT downlink
    • Jarosław Magiera
    2024 Full text

    This paper presents a low-complexity channel estimation procedure which is suitable for use in energy-efficient NB-IoT user equipment devices. The procedure is based on the well-established least squares scheme, followed by linear interpolation in the time domain and averaging in the frequency domain. The quality of channel estimation vs. signal-to-noise ratio is evaluated for two channel models and compared with the performance of channel estimation function implemented in the Matlab LTE Toolbox. The computational complexities of both implementations are assessed by measuring the average processing times required to obtain channel estimates for a given number of consecutive downlink frames. The results indicate that the proposed method provides a similar quality of channel estimation with considerably shorter processing time compared to its counterpart.

  • A Simplified SPWM Scheme for a Compact 3-Level Dual-Output Inverter
    • Charles Odeh
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Marcin Morawiec
    2024 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS

    Sinusoidal Pulse-width modulation, SPWM, is inverter-leg-based, logical-operation-based, and lesscomputational-intensive. In this brief, these simplifying features of SPWM are extended to the control of the 10-switch, 3-level inverter. The control strategy is based on the single triangular carrier SPWM perspective. Procedures and details of the sharing of four-common power switches by the 3 inverter legs are given. Classically, a 2-wing, 20-switch dual-output inverter, DOI, is configured; which topologically provides flexibility of independent operation of the constituting inverter wings at reduced component-count. This independent operation entails each of the inverter retaining full modulation index operational range (0 to unity) for the same or different frequencies of operation. Experimental demonstrations of the proposed SPWM scheme in the control of the 2-wing, 20-switch DOI are adequately presented.

  • A stochastic approach for the solution of single and multi – objective optimisation problems of biological processes in sequencing batch reactor
    • Tomasz Ujazdowski
    • Robert Piotrowski
    • Michał Banach
    2024 JOURNAL OF PROCESS CONTROL

    This paper investigates the impact of implementing single and multi-optimisation solutions on the biological treatment process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The research is based on a case study of the water resource recovery facility (WRRF) in Swarzewo, Northern Poland. The paper introduces the adaptive extremum seeking control (ESC) method for dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration control and places it in a layered control structure. Further, it presents the introduction of an optimisation layer for the structure and parameters of the SBR cycle, through the synthesis of stochastic methods: single-objective optimisation (SOO) using a genetic algorithm (GA) and multi-objective optimisation (MOO) using the NSGA-II algorithm. The results were compared to a classical approach with fixed cycle parameters. The paper shows the advantages of optimising cycle parameters, including the number of phases as well as the DO value, on the process flow. These control structures underwent simulation tests in the MATLAB environment with the Simba package. The biochemical processes occurring in the reactor are based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d). The optimising control system demonstrates tangible improvements in operational efficiency and significant reductions in electrical energy consumption, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • A study of cavitation erosion resistance of an ion nitrided titanium alloy by means of the vibration and rotating disk methods
    • V.a. Safonov
    • Anna Zykova
    • Janusz Steller
    • Marek Szkodo
    • Grzegorz Gajowiec
    • Jarosław Chmiel
    • A. Varhoshkov
    2024 Full text Journal of Physics : Conference Series

    In this work, a comparative analysis of the cavitation erosion resistance of the Ti– 6.7Al–2.5Mo–1.8Cr–0.5Fe–0.25Si alloy (known as brand VT3-1) before and after lowtemperature ion nitriding is carried out. Two test methods were applied, using vibrative (ASTM G-32) and rotating disk rigs, respectively. The kinetic dependences of the erosive destruction of samples of titanium alloy VT3-1 in the initial state, after ion nitriding and stainless steel AISI 321 were obtained. A study of the microstructure, hardness and surface morphology was carried out. The samples were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between mass loss and cavitation erosion duration was experimentally determined and analyzed. The erosion rate on a rotating disk stand is much higher than during vibration tests. A large cavitation load gradient provides additional opportunities for analyzing the durability of materials and coatings using this method.

  • A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation
    • Khadijeh Askaripour
    • Arkadiusz Żak
    2024 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS

    Investigation of Escherichia coli under electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short doubling time and human‐like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300 GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to 37C with fluctuations below 1C were included from the Web‐of‐Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF‐Portal databases. Out of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth (11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies). Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely low‐frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF) experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes, while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments. Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological effects on E. coli is not possible.

  • A tool for designing water tanks for measuring hydroacoustic transducers
    • Roman Salamon
    • Jacek Marszal
    • Iwona Kochańska
    2024 Full text Vibrations in Physical Systems

    Special water tanks are commonly used to measure the parameters of underwater acoustic systems. They must meet specific requirements, the fulfilment of which ensures very small but acceptable measurement errors. These requirements define the size of the tank and its shape as well as the strong attenuation of reflected waves. At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the impact of the tank structure on the measurement errors and to adapt it to the expected measurement methodology. The article presents a mathematical tool for designing such water tanks using the impulse response method. Contrary to the use of this method in architectural design, the presented method is here used to determine the measurement signals emitted by ultrasonic transmitting transducers and received by receiving transducers. The relationships are given between the parameters of the impulse response and the design parameters of the tank and the measurement system, as well as its transfer functions and sample measurement signals.

  • A total scoring system and software for complex modified GAPI (ComplexMoGAPI) application in the assessment of method greenness
    • Fotouh R. Mansour
    • Khalid M. Omer
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2024 Full text Green Analytical Chemistry

    Evaluating analytical methods with innovative metrics is essential to ensure the effectiveness of analytical procedures. Various approaches have been proposed to assess the performance of an analytical method and its environmental consequences, as sustainable environment and green chemistry ideology are of high importance nowadays. Considering greenness evaluation of developed analytical procedures, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), one of these metrics, utilizes five distinct colored pentagons to evaluate the environmental foot- print of the analytical process at different stages. An additional tool named Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) was introduced to expand on GAPI by adding additional fields pertaining to the processes performed prior to the analytical procedure itself. Nevertheless, the existing ComplexGAPI lacks a comprehensive scoring system for individual methods, which would allow for even easier comparison of pro- cedures using this tool. In response to queries from ComplexGAPI users, this study introduces a refined tool named ComplexMoGAPI, merging the visual appeal of ComplexGAPI with precise total scores. The accompa- nying software streamlines the application, facilitating quicker and simpler evaluations. This software is avail- able as an open source on bit.ly/ComplexMoGAPI. We believe that, following ComplexGAPI success, this ComplexMoGAPI tool will also gain attention and eventually trust and acceptance from the chemical community.

  • Absorbing Boundary Conditions Derived Based on Pauli Matrices Algebra
    • Tomasz Stefański
    • Jacek Gulgowski
    • Kosmas L. Tsakmakidis
    2024 IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    In this letter, we demonstrate that a set of absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for numerical simulations of waves, proposed originally by Engquist and Majda and later generalized by Trefethen and Halpern, can alternatively be derived with the use of Pauli matrices algebra. Hence a novel approach to the derivation of one-way wave equations in electromagnetics is proposed. That is, the classical wave equation can be factorized into two two-dimensional wave equations with first-order time derivatives. Then, using suitable approximations, not only Engquist and Majda ABCs can be obtained, but also generalized ABCs proposed by Trefethen and Halpern, which are applicable to simulations of radiation problems.

  • Accessibility to urban green spaces: A critical review of WHO recommendations in the light of tree-covered areas assessment
    • Patrycja Przewoźna
    • Adam Inglot
    • Marcin Mielewczyk
    • Krzysztof Mączka
    • Piotr Matczak
    2024 ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS

    Easy accessibility of Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) is essential to the quality of life in urban areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations focus on spatial access to UGSs, define as accessible those larger than 0.5 ha situated up to 300 m of residential areas, and disregard the social significance of smaller green spaces. This paper assesses the extent to which the WHO recommendations permit the identification of locations for tree-covered UGSs that serve urban residents. The study uses geo-questionnaire to collect data on residents’ perception of the ecosystem services (ESs) provided by trees in both small-sized (<0.5 ha) and larger (≥0.5 ha) UGSs in two Polish cities, Poznań and Gdańsk. Three factors impacting the social perception of UGS accessibility were controlled: (a) distance to trees (influencing reaching it by walk), (b) age, (c) the ESs provided by trees in both sizes of UGSs. The minority, i.e. 26 % of respondents valued trees in the larger UGSs. Regulating ecosystem services appeared significant there (mainly impact on health and well-being) and cultural ecosystem services, such as recreation. Most of the treecovered areas residents’ identified as significant were small-sized UGSs within the median distance of 150 m and were related to trees in residential areas and along the roadsides. Cultural ecosystem service − a sense of intimacy, separating from the neighbors, was specifically valued there. Age does not appear to be a major determinant of social perspectives on trees in UGSs. The results suggest that smallsized tree-covered UGSs are essential to residents and should be included in policies on urban greenery. In addition, the research findings indicate that identifying UGSs that are valuable from residents’ perspectives requires a comprehensive methodological approach. Limiting the assessment of the accessibility of such sites only to analyses based on the criterion of area and distance can offer narrow policy guidelines.