2024 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

Show publications from the year

Publications from the year 2024

Show all

Enhancing environmental literacy through urban technology-based learning. The PULA app case
- Ewa Duda
- Helena Anacka
- Hanna Obracht-prondzyńska
- Hanne Cecilie Geirbo
- Jolanta Kowal
2024
This study addresses the need to enhance environmental literacy, focusing on urban adults through mobile applications, based on the example of PULA app that engages early adopters in gamified pro- environmental activities, offering insights into informal learning. Grounded in 'urban pedagogy,' the study combines semi-structured interviews with 17 application testers and quantitative data analysis, unveiling motivations, user feedback, and success aspects. Motivations include a desire for environmental impact, heightened climate awareness, and behavioral transformation. Users perceive knowledge increase as a key benefit, emphasizing educational features, gamification, and social interaction. Success aspects manifest in a sense of belonging, positive behavioral changes, and heightened environmental responsibility. Optimizing the environmentally-friendly app requires continuous gamified content innovation, technical issue resolution, and diverse educational content. Strengthening social interaction features and conducting longitudinal studies are crucial for sustained impact. This study advances our understanding of mobile apps' role in promoting environmental literacy, emphasizing the transformative potential of digital platforms and collaborative efforts for sustainable impact.
Enhancing Facial Palsy Treatment through Artificial Intelligence: From Diagnosis to Recovery Monitoring
- Antoni Górecki
- Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
2024
The objective of this study is to develop and assess a mobile application that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to support the rehabilitation of individuals with facial nerve paralysis. The application features two primary functionalities: assessing the paralysis severity and facilitating the monitoring of rehabilitation exercises. The AI algorithm employed for this purpose was Google's ML Kit “face-detection”. The classification of facial nerve palsy was achieved by measuring the asymmetry of the user's face using a proprietary algorithm developed specifically for this study. This approach not only enables a precise assessment of paralysis severity but also allows for a personalized rehabilitation experience. Furthermore, the monitoring of rehabilitation exercise adherence and correctness is conducted through algorithms crafted for this application to ensure that patients are performing their prescribed rehabilitation exercises effectively. This comprehensive system offers a tailored and interactive approach to the management of facial nerve paralysis through the integration of AI algorithms and user-friendly mobile technology.
Enhancing middle ear implants: Study of biocompatible materials with hydroxyapatite coating
- Omar Khatir
- Fekih Sidi Mohamed
- Abdulmohsen Albedah
- Atef Hamada
- Łukasz Pawłowski
- Abderahmene Sahli
- Benkhettou Abdelkader
- Ismail Boudjemaa
- Belabbes Bachir Bouiadjra
2024 MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
In this manuscript, the application of hydroxyapatite coatings to total ossicular reconstruction prostheses (TORPs) using finite element modeling simulations was investigated to enhance the biocompatibility and mechanical performance of these prosthetic devices for middle ear implants. We focused on evaluating biocompatible materials, particularly polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium, by analyzing their mechanical behavior under simulated conditions. The results revealed that PEEK demonstrates mechanical performance almost on par with titanium, exhibiting excellent stability and resilience within the middle ear environment. PEEK offers several key advantages over titanium, including easier fabrication, greater availability, and a simplified application process for hydroxyapatite coatings. These benefits suggest that PEEK could be a highly effective alternative to titanium for use in middle ear prostheses. The findings of this study highlight the potential of PEEK to improve the design and functionality of middle ear implants, providing a promising direction for future research and development in this field. By leveraging the advantages of PEEK, we can advance the effectiveness and accessibility of middle ear prosthetic devices, ultimately benefiting patients requiring such interventions.
Enhancing nitrogen removal in the partial denitrification/anammox processes for SO4− - Rich wastewater treatment: Insights into autotrophic and mixotrophic strategies
- Dominika Derwis
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Joanna Majtacz
- Slawomir Ciesielski
- Jacek Mąkinia
2024 Full text JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The investigation of partial denitrification/anammox (PD/anammox) processes was conducted under autotrophic (N–S cycle) and mixotrophic (N–S–C cycle) conditions over 180 days. Key findings revealed the remarkable capability of SO42--dependent systems to produce NO2− effectively, supporting anaerobic NH4+ oxidation. Additionally, SO42− served as an additional electron acceptor in sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation (SRAO). Increasing influent SO42− concentrations notably improved ammonia utilization rates (AUR) and NH4+ and total nitrogen (TN) utilization efficiencies, peaking at 57% for SBR1 and nearly 100% for SBR2. Stoichiometric analysis showed a 7.5-fold increase in AUR (SRAO and anammox) in SBR1 following SO42− supplementation. However, the analysis for SBR2 indicated a shift towards SRAO and mixotrophic denitrification, with anammox disappearing entirely by the end of the study. Comparative assessments between SBR1 and SBR2 emphasized the impact of organic compounds (CH3COONa) on transformations within the N–S–C cycle. SBR1 performance primarily involved anammox, SRAO and other SO42− utilization pathways, with minimal S-dependent autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) involvement. In contrast, SBR2 performance encompassed SRAO, mixotrophic denitrification, and other pathways for SO42− production. The SRAO process involved two dominant genera, such as Candidatus Brocadia and PHOS-HE36.
Enhancing rheological muscle models with stochastic processes
- Bartłomiej Zagrodny
- Wiktoria Wojnicz
- Michał Ludwicki
- Robert Barański
2024 Full text Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Purpose: Biological musculoskeletal systems operate under variable conditions. Muscle stiffness, activation signals, and loads change during each movement. The presence of noise and different harmonic components in force production significantly influences the behaviour of the muscular system. Therefore, it is essential to consider these factors in numerical simulations. Methods: This study aims to develop a rheological mathematical model that accurately represents the behaviour of the actual muscular system, taking into account the phenomena described by the stochastic model in the form of stationary processes. Stochastic disturbances were applied to simulate variable conditions, in which musculo-skeletal system operates. Numerical simulations were conducted for two dynamic tasks, where we calculated the internal force generated by the system (task 1), and its displacement (task 2). These simulations were performed using two different datasets sourced from the literature. In the next step, simulation results were compared with our own experiment. Results: The considered mathematical model was successfully tuned and compared with both the literature data and our own experimental results. During the analysis of muscle model behavior, depending on the data source for model tuning, we observed distinct frequency characterized by a sine-type pattern and a higher frequencies marked by stochastic perturbations. Conclusions: The proposed model can be customized to simulate systems of varying sizes, levels of maximum voluntary contraction, and the effects of perturbations, closely resembling real-world data. The presented approach can be applied to simulate the behaviour of the musculoskeletal system as well as of individual muscles.
Enhancing seismic performance of steel buildings having semi-rigid connection with infill masonry walls considering soil type effects
- Farzin Kazemi
- Neda Asgarkhani
- Robert Jankowski
2024 SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Unpreventable constructional defects are the main issues in the case of steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) that mostly occur in the rigidities of beam-to-column connections. The present article aims to investigate the effects of different rigidities of structures and to propose Infill Masonry Walls (IMWs) as retrofitting strategy for the steel damaged buildings. A fault or failure to meet a certain consideration of the soil type beneath the building and the current rigidity of connections can cause mistake in determining the performance of building. Therefore, this study comprehensively explores different conditions of soil types, connection rigidities, and implementing IMWs on the 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-story MRFs. Two nonlinear analyses, namely Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (NDA) and Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) were performed on 384 steel MRFs having different conditions of defects and the results of the analysis include 3456 performance curves assuming three ground motion subsets recommended by FEMA P695. The results confirm that the proposed retrofitting procedure can effectively improve the performance levels of MRFs, which the connections rigidity of 90 %, 80 %, 70 %, 60 %, and 50 % can reduce the collapse performance level by 2.86 %, 5.35 %, 9.31 %, 16.56 %, and 34.65 %, respectively.
Enhancing the bioconversion rate and end products of black soldier fly (BSF) treatment – A comprehensive review
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Özge Süfer
- Gülşah Çalışkan Koç
- Hanif Lutuf
- Teguh Rahayu
- Roberto Castro Munoz
- Ito Fernando
2024 Full text ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
Food security remains a pressing concern in the face of an increasing world population and environmental challenges. As climate change, biodiversity loss, and water scarcity continue to impact agricultural productivity, traditional livestock farming faces limitations in meeting the growing global demand for meat and dairy products. In this context, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable food production. BSFL possess several advantages over conventional livestock, including their rapid growth, adaptability to various organic waste substrates, and low environmental impact. Their bioconversion rate, the ability to transform organic waste into valuable products, and final product optimization are key factors that enhance their potential as a nutrient-rich protein source, fertilizer, and biofuel. This review explores strategies to enhance the bioconversion rate and improve the end products derived from BSF treatment. It highlights the benefits of using BSFL over other interventions and underscores the significance of optimizing their bioconversion rate to meet the challenges of global food security sustainably. Despite the promising prospects of BSF-derived products, consumer acceptance and regulatory hurdles remain critical aspects to address in realizing their full market potential. The utilization of BSFL as a sustainable source of food and feed can contribute to waste management, reduce environmental pollution, and address the pressing issue of food security in an environmentally responsible manner. However, there is a need for further research and innovation to ensure the safety, quality, and economic viability of BSF-based products for both animal and human consumption.
Enhancing the Separation Performance of Chitosan Membranes Through the Blending with Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Pervaporation of Polar/Non-Polar Organic Mixtures
- Francesco Galiano
- Asma Msahel
- Francesca Russo
- Natalia Rovella
- Alfonso Policicchio
- Sofiane Ben Hamouda
- Amor Hafiane
- Roberto Castro Munoz
- Alberto Figoli
2024 Membranes
This study explores the development of chitosan-based membranes blended with three distinct deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the pervaporation separation of methanol and methyl tert-butyl ether. DESs were selected for their eco-friendly properties and their potential to enhance membrane performance. The chitosan (CS) membranes, both crosslinked and non-crosslinked, were characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition, wettability, mechanical resistance, and solvent uptake. Pervaporation tests revealed that incorporating DESs significantly enhanced the membranes’ selective permeability toward methanol, with up to a threefold increase in separation efficiency compared to pristine CS membranes. The membranes demonstrated a strong dependence on feed temperature, with higher temperatures improving permeation flux but reducing separation factor. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde further increased membrane selectivity by reducing free volume into the polymer matrix. These findings underscore the potential of DESs as green additives for improving the performance of biopolymer membranes, making them promising candidates for efficient and eco-friendly organic–organic separations.
Enhancing voice biometric security: Evaluating neural network and human capabilities in detecting cloned voices
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2024 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
This study assesses speaker verification efficacy in detecting cloned voices, particularly in safety-critical applications such as healthcare documentation and banking biometrics. It compares deeply trained neural networks like the DeepSpeaker with human listeners in recognizing these cloned voices, underlining the severe implications of voice cloning in these sectors. Cloned voices in healthcare could endanger patient safety by altering medical records, causing inaccurate diagnoses and treatments. In banking, they threaten biometric security, increasing the risk of financial fraud and identity theft. We tested feature extraction strategies using up to 40 parameters, including MFCC, GFCC, LFCC, CQCC, MSRCC, and others computed with the Simplified Python Audio Features Extraction (spafe libraries) or Librosa. We verified the feature vectors using Feature Ranking (Random Forest-derived) and performed dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our central research question was whether using the voice cloning method to effectively attack the advanced authentication systems is possible. The research reveals the neural network's superiority over human detection in pinpointing cloned voices, underscoring the urgent need for sophisticated AI-based security.
Enhancing Word Embeddings for Improved Semantic Alignment
- Julian Szymański
- Maksymilian Operlejn
- Paweł Weichbroth
2024 Applied Sciences-Basel
This study introduces a method for the improvement of word vectors, addressing the limitations of traditional approaches like Word2Vec or GloVe through introducing into embeddings richer semantic properties. Our approach leverages supervised learning methods, with shifts in vectors in the representation space enhancing the quality of word embeddings. This ensures better alignment with semantic reference resources, such as WordNet. The effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated through the application of modified embeddings to text classification and clustering. We also show how our method influences document class distributions, visualized through PCA projections. By comparing our results with state-of-the-art approaches and achieving better accuracy, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results underscore the potential of adaptive embeddings to improve both the accuracy and efficiency of semantic analysis across a range of NLP.
Entire fracture surface topography parameters for fatigue life assessment of 10H2M steel
- Wojciech Macek
- Mateusz Kopec
- Aleksandra Laska
- Zbigniew Kowalewski
2024 JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
In this paper, the entire fracture surface approach was used to assess an effect of 280,000 h of exploitation under internal pressure of 2.9 MPa and high temperature of 540 °C on the fatigue response of 10H2M (10CrMo9–10) power engineering steel. The mechanical testing was carried out on the hourglass specimens produced from the as-received, unused pipeline and the same material after long-time exploitation. The uniaxial tensile tests were performed to establish the stress amplitude for subsequent force controlled, fatigue testing in the range from ±250 MPa to ±400 MPa under the frequency of 20 Hz. Since the exploited 10H2M steel was characterized by significantly lower mechanical properties, different damage mechanisms responsible for specimen failure were revealed through fracture surface analysis. The fracture surface topography evaluation was performed with a 3D non-contact measuring system. It was found, that the exploitation state has a strong impact on the fatigue life and fracture characteristics since the significant drop in lifespan of about 300 %–400 % was found for the material after prolonged service. Finally, the proposed surface topography parameter was related to the stress amplitude in order to estimate the fatigue life for the steel in question.
Entrepreneurial intentions of students from Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine: The role of perceived entrepreneurial education results
- Julita Wasilczuk
- Magdalena Licznerska
2024 Full text Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Our main aim is to establish which factors influence entrepreneurial intentions, with a particular focus on the role of entrepreneurial education and university support in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE). To verify hypotheses quantitative research was conducted using surveys among 2,085 first-year undergraduate students from three technical universities in three countries: Latvia, Poland and Ukraine. The results of the study indicate that entrepreneurial self- efficacy, perceived entrepreneurial education results, and perceived educational and relational support all influence the intention of students to launch a venture. The research did not provide support for the hypothesis of the impact of perceived structural support (PSS) on intentions. The impact of perceived educational and relational support appeared to be less important than the impact of ESE and PEER on intentions. Additionally, we identified significant differences between students from the analysed countries. Implications for theory and practice: Our research has identified a new factor, not previously used in studies of entrepreneurial intentions, that is, perceived entrepreneurial education results. This new factor can be used in research as a complement to self-efficacy and it refers to hard skills related, in this particular case, to entrepreneurship. The results show the importance of the national context, implying the need to consider this when modelling support policies at a national level. The findings can be used to remodel how this knowledge is delivered to young people. Originality and value: Firstly, we proposed the inclusion of a new education-related component called perceived entrepreneurial education results, which can examine the perceived results of education at any level, in our case, at the secondary school level. Secondly, we showed the stronger influence of factors related to perceptions of one's skills than perceptions of support from the environment. In addition, we demonstrated that making judgements or recommendations about entrepreneurial support for similar countries should be considered separately. Furthermore, we conceptualised the three aspects of ESE, PEER and ESM in a new way.
Environmental impacts of food waste management technologies: A critical review of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies
- Fatima Batool
- Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Ayesha Mohyuddin
- Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Faissal Aziz
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Hui Hwang Goh
- Abdelkader Anouzla
2024 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Food waste is a serious global problem. Therefore, it is essential to reduce food waste and adopt recycling strategies to minimize its environmental impacts. However, conventional waste disposal methods emit harmful gases such as dioxin, CH4, N2O, and NH3, which contaminate the air and water resources. This work reviews the environmental consequences of food waste based on lifecycle assessment (LCA) techniques using methods such as anaerobic digestion, composting, and landfilling. It also pays attention to novel techniques like gasification and hydrothermal carbonization. This review critically evaluates and compares the environmental impacts assessed by LCA such as global warming potential (GWP), climate change (CC), marine eutrophication (MEP), human toxicity (HT), terrestrial eco-toxicity (Tecox), terrestrial acidification (TAP), freshwater ecotoxicity (FEW), freshwater eutrophication (FEP), marine ecotoxicity (ME), fossil depletion (FD), ozone layer depletion potential (OLDP), and land occupation (LO) for each method. This study also highlights the importance of technological innovation and the need to improve current food waste valorization practices by focusing on the LCAs of the approaches listed above. With respect to its novelty, this work consolidates a useful comparison among the food waste utilization technologies with respect to environmental impacts based on LCA studies. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the need for in-depth research on the LCA of sustainable techniques such as gasification, fermentation and hydrothermal carbonization to support evidence-based decision-making.
Enzyme Conjugation - A Promising Tool for Bio-catalytic and Biotransformation Applications – A Review
- Muhammad Asif Muneer
- Sumaya Fatima
- Nazim Hussain
- Tebogo Mashifana
- Aniqa Sayed
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
2024 TOPICS IN CATALYSIS
Enzymes have revolutionized conventional industrial catalysts as more efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable substitutes that can be used in different biotechnological processes, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Yet, the enzymes from nature are engineered to make them adapt and enhance their durability in the industrial environment. One promising approach involves the combined use of multiple enzymes that catalyze highly selective and sequential reactions in a single reaction vessel. The multi-enzymatic biocatalytic systems, achieved through gene fusion, fusion proteins, DNA manipulation and bioconjugation, protein engineering, or attachment to solid support materials for immobilization, such as protein-polymer, silica, metal organic framework, Carbon nanotubes or graphene based hybrids, have found widespread utility across various sectors, including the food industry, wastewater treatment, drug delivery, biosensors and methanol production. Enzyme conjugation enables the creation of novel enzymes with improved kinetics and synergistic effects. Researchers can evolve fusion proteins by fusion enzymes which can evolve novel catalytic activities in Biotechnological processes. These engineered enzymes can contribute in synthetic Biology in construction of synthetic system for various applications. Enzyme conjugation helps in metabolic engineering by optimization of pathways. Researchers can develop pathways for production of Bio-sensors, pharmaceuticals, biofuels and other valuable industrial products. This review comprehensively explores the techniques and applications of enzyme conjugation, highlighting its pivotal role in advancing the field of bio-catalysis.
Enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes as biocatalytic tools to degrade and mitigate environmental pollutants
- Muhammad Bilal
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Jakub Zdarta
- Anna Chrobok
- Teofil Jesionowski
2024 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
A wide array of organic compounds have been recognized as pollutants of high concern due to their controlled or uncontrolled presence in environmental matrices. The persistent prevalence of diverse organic pollutants, including pharmaceutical compounds, phenolic compounds, synthetic dyes, and other hazardous substances, necessitates robust measures for their practical and sustainable removal from water bodies. Several bioremediation and biodegradation methods have been invented and deployed, with a wide range of materials wellsuited for diverse environments. Enzyme-linked carbon-based materials have been considered efficient biocatalytic platforms for the remediation of complex organic pollutants, mostly showing over 80% removal efficiency of micropollutants. The advantages of enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in enzyme immobilization and improved catalytic potential may thus be advantageous for environmental research considering the current need for pollutant removal. This review outlines the perspective of current remediation approaches and highlights the advantageous features of enzyme-linked CNTs in the removal of pollutants, emphasizing their reusability and stability aspects. Furthermore, different applications of enzyme-linked CNTs in environmental research with concluding remarks and future outlooks have been highlighted. Enzyme-linked CNTs serve as a robust biocatalytic platform for the sustainability agenda with the aim of keeping the environment clean and safe from a variety of organic pollutants.
Enzymes of the L-methionine biosynthesis pathway in Candida albicans as potential novel targets for antifungal chemotherapy
- Aleksandra Kuplińska
2024 Full text
Fungal pathways of essential amino acids biosynthesis provide an abundant source of molecular targets for new antifungal compounds, among which the L-methionine biosynthesis pathway (MBP) may be promising. In this dissertation I characterized three C. albicans enzymes involved in MBP: homoserine O-acetyltransferase (CaMet2p), O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase (CaMet15p), and cystathionine-γ-synthase (CaStr2p). I performed crystallization trials of analyzed proteins, which led to the formation of a CaMet15p crystal of 7 Å resolution. Additionally, I proved that the inhibition of CaMet2p, CaMet15p, and CaStr2p induces fungal growth deficiency dependent on L-methionine (L-Met) presence. Among variety of examined potential inhibitors, I selected L-penicillamine (L-PEN) as the most effective against CaMet2p enzyme, and β-(5-Oxo-3-isoxazolin-2-yl)-L-alanine as an inhibitor of CaMet15p and CaStr2p. Moreover, I have assessed antifungal effect induced by combination of inhibitors, which showed a synergistic effect b
Equitable colorings of some variation of corona products of cubic graphs
- Marek Kubale
- Hanna Furmańczyk
2024 Full text Archives of Control Sciences
The problem of determining the value of equitable chromatic number for multicoronas of cubic graphs is studied. We provide some polynomially solvable cases of cubical multicoronas and give simple linear time algorithms for equitable coloring of such graphs which use almost optimal number of colors in the remaining cases.
Essays on China's international trade - focus on One-Belt One-Road initiative
- Yuxin Lu
2024 Full text
This thesis explores China's international trade from trade, global value chains (GVCs) and export diversity, focusing on the "One-Belt One-Road" (OBOR) initiative proposed at the end of 2013. Specifically, I verify the potential association of OBOR with bilateral imports and exports in the first chapter. Then the relationship between OBOR and GVCs has been explored in Chapter 2. And I have extended the research in GVCs to China's province level and checked the linkages with labour markets. Finally, Chapter 3 focuses on OBOR's role in export diversity and the relationship between capital and Chinese firms' extensive margins. The result indicates 1) the positive association between OBOR and trade, value-added and GVCs. China-Pakistan (CP) and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) economic corridors play a more vital promoter role. 2) For China's labour market, wages and productivity (employment) are positively correlated, but employment and productivity are negatively associated. And GVCs' participation hinders the development of employment and productivity. 3) The relationship between OBOR and export diversity is negative. State-owned and private capital positively associate with extensive margins at the Chinese firm's level.
Estymacja położenia i orientacji w systemie lokalizacyjnym z częściową synchronizacją węzłów referencyjnych
- Jarosław Sadowski
- Jacek Stefański
2024 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
W referacie przedstawiono koncepcję systemu lokalizacyjnego do jednoczesnej estymacji położenia i orientacji obiektów. Obiekt ruchomy jest wyposażony w zestaw zsynchronizowanych odbiorników. Nadajniki referencyjne systemu są podzielone na grupy i pracują synchronicznie tylko w obrębie swojej grupy, bez zachowania synchronizacji pomiędzy grupami nadajników.
ETS PRICES AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES SHARE IN THE ENERGY MIX – EXAMPLE OF LITHUANIA, LATVIA AND ESTONIA
- Krystyna Gomółka
- Piotr Kasprzak
2024 Ekonomia i Środowisko
ABSTRACT: ETS (CO2 Emissions Trading Scheme) is one of the mechanisms that allow for controlling and striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. However, it is also another cost for CO2 emission producers, affecting the final price of energy. The aim of the article is to enrich the discussion by explaining the relationship between ETS prices and the level of share of renewable energy sources in the overall energy mix of the countries selected for analysis (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia). The research covered the period 2000-2022. It was conducted using the following methods: literature studies, descriptive anal-ysis of statistical data and deduction. The analysis led to the conclusions: the increase in CO2 emission allowance prices (ETS) forced a change in energy policy in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In 2008, the ETS price was EUR 25/tonne of CO2, while in 2023, it was around EUR 50/tonne of CO2. An increase in the share of renewable energy sources was noted in the analysed countries. In Lithuania, wind, solar, and biomass energy are the most developed, while in Latvia, further investments were made in hydroe-lectric power plants. The situation was the worst in Estonia, from the development point of view, as solar and wind power plants were developed to a small extent. In 2000, the share of renewable energy in the overall energy mix was for Estonia: at less than 1%, Lithuania at around 3%, and Latvia at 68%. In 2022, under the influence of ETS fees, the renewable energy source indicator increased for: Estonia: to 45%, Lithuania: 74.7%, Latvia 72% in the overall energy mix. KEYWORDS: ETS, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, energy prices, energy mix